Devonu Lug'otit Turk" Gives Information About Many Fields of Science
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Birth of Tajikistan : National Identity and the Origins of the Republic
THE BIRTH OF TAJIKISTAN i THE BIRTH OF TAJIKISTAN ii THE BIRTH OF TAJIKISTAN For Suzanne Published in 2007 by I.B.Tauris & Co Ltd 6 Salem Road, London W2 4BU 175 Fifth Avenue, New York NY 10010 www.ibtauris.com In the United States of America and Canada distributed by Palgrave Macmillan a division of St. Martin's Press, 175 Fifth Avenue, New York NY 10010 Copyright © Paul Bergne The right of Paul Bergne to be identified as the author of this work has been asserted by the author in accordance with the Copyright, Designs and Patent Act 1988. All rights reserved. Except for brief quotations in a review, this book, or any part thereof, may not be reproduced, stored in or introduced into a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without the prior written permission of the publisher. International Library of Central Asian Studies 1 ISBN: 978 1 84511 283 7 A full CIP record for this book is available from the British Library A full CIP record is available from the Library of Congress Library of Congress Catalog Card Number: available Printed and bound in India by Replika Press Pvt. Ltd From camera-ready copy edited and supplied by the author THE BIRTH OF TAJIKISTAN v CONTENTS Abbreviations vii Transliteration ix Acknowledgements xi Maps. Central Asia c 1929 xii Central Asia c 1919 xiv Introduction 1 1. Central Asian Identities before 1917 3 2. The Turkic Ascendancy 15 3. The Revolution and After 20 4. The Road to Soviet Power 28 5. -
Tschinag Book Review
Journal of Central and Inner Asian Dialogue (Winter 2015) In Recognition of Uzbekistan’s Declaration of 2015 as the “Year of Respect for the Elders,” and Dedicated to Elders Everywhere www.jciadinfo.org Print ISSN: 2330-6602. Online ISSN: 2330-6610. www.jciadinfo.org (Winter 2015) SENIOR EDITOR Dr. Dmitry Funk, Moscow State University (Moscow) ASSISTANT EDITOR Alva Robinson, International Ataturk-Alatoo University (Bishkek) ADVISORY BOARD Muhammad Ali Akhmedov, Writers’ Union of Uzbekistan (Tashkent) Dr. Tynchtykbek Chorotegin, Kyrgyz National University (Bishkek) Dr. Arienne Dwyer, University of Kansas (Lawrence, KS) Dr. Ilse Laude-Cirtautas, University of Washington (Seattle, WA) EDITORIAL BOARD Dr. Alisher Abidjanov, National University of Uzbekistan (Tashkent) Dr. Charles Carlson, Kyrgyz – Turkish Manas University (Bishkek) Dr. Victoria Clement, Naval Postgraduate School (Monterey, CA) Dr. Kunduz Dzhusupekova, International Ataturk-Alatoo University (Bishkek) Dr. Ulan Erkinbaev, Suleyman Demirel University (Almaty) Dr. Gulnara Jamasheva, National Academy of Sciences of Kyrgyzstan (Bishkek) Dr. Alma Kunanbaeva, Stanford University (Stanford, CA) Dr. Ashirbek Muminov, Ministry of Education and Science of Republic of Kazakhstan (Almaty) Jamiyan Sanjanov, Ph.D. Candidate, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences (Ulan-Ude) Ilyas Tashtemirov, Ph.D. Candidate, International Ataturk-Alatoo University (Bishkek) Jonathan Washington, Ph.D. Candidate, Indiana University (Bloomington) Dr. Simon Wickham-Smith, National University of Mongolia (Ulan Baator) EDITOR’S ASSISTANT Azamat Sadykov (Seattle) The Journal of Central and Inner Asian Dialogue (JCIAD) is an annual online peer-reviewed academic journal. Founded in 2011, JCIAD is the only academic journal outside of Central and Inner Asia with emphasis on the important fields of culture, languages and literature. -
ALPAMYSH Central Asian Identity Under Russian Rule
ALPAMYSH Central Asian Identity under Russian Rule BY H. B. PAKSOY Association for the Advancement of Central Asian Research Monograph Series Hartford, Connecticut First AACAR Edition, 1989 --------- ALPAMYSH: Central Asian Identity under Russian Rule COPYRIGHT 1979, 1989 by H. B. PAKSOY All Rights Reserved Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Paksoy, H. B., 1948- ALPAMYSH: central Asian identity under Russian rule. (Association for the Advancement of Central Asian Research monograph series) Includes bibliographical references (p. ) Includes index. 1. Soviet Central Asia--History--Sources. 2. Alpamish. 3. Epic Literature, Turkic. 4. Soviet Central Asia--Politics and Government. I. Title. II. Series. DK847.P35 1989 958.4 89-81416 ISBN: 0-9621379-9-5 ISBN: 0-9621379-0-1 (pbk.) AACAR (Association for the Advancement of Central Asian Research) Monograph Series Editorial Board: Thomas Allsen (TRENTON STATE COLLEGE) (Secretary of the Board); Peter Golden (RUTGERS UNIVERSITY); Omeljan Pritsak (HARVARD UNIVERSITY); Thomas Noonan (UNIVERSITY OF MINNESOTA). AACAR is a non-profit, tax-exempt, publicly supported organization, as defined under section 501(c)(3) of the Internal Revenue Code, incorporated in Hartford, Connecticut, headquartered at the Department of History, CCSU, 1615 Stanley Street, New Britain, CT 06050. The Institutional Members of AACAR are: School of Arts and Sciences, CENTRAL CONNECTICUT STATE UNIVERSITY; Nationality and Siberian Studies Program, The W. Averell Harriman Institute for the Advanced Study of the Soviet Union, COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY; Mir Ali Shir Navai Seminar for Central Asian Languages and Cultures, UCLA; Program for Turkish Studies, UCLA; THE CENTRAL ASIAN FOUNDATION, WISCONSIN; Committee on Inner Asian and Altaistic Studies, HARVARD UNIVERSITY; Research Institute for Inner Asian Studies, INDIANA UNIVERSITY; Department of Russian and East European Studies, UNIVERSITY OF MINNESOTA; THE NATIONAL COUNCIL FOR SOVIET AND EAST EUROPEAN RESEARCH, WASHINGTON D.C. -
2. Historical Overview: Social Order in Mā Warāʾ Al-Nahr
2. Historical Overview: Social Order in Mā Warāʾ al-Nahr With the beginning of Uzbek dominance in southern Central Asia around the year 1500, a fresh wave of Turkic nomads was brought in and added a new element to the populace of the region.1 Initially the establishment of Uzbek rule took the form of a nomadic conquest aiming to gain access to the irrigated and urban areas of Transoxania. The following sedentarization of the Uzbek newcomers was a long-term process that took three and perhaps even more centuries. In the course of time, the conquerors mixed with those Turkic groups that had already been settled in the Oxus region for hundreds of years, and, of course, with parts of the sedentary Persian-speaking population.2 Based on the secondary literature, this chapter is devoted to the most important historical developments in Mā Warāʾ al-Nahr since the beginning of the sixteenth century. By recapitulating the milestones of Uzbek rule, I want to give a brief overview of the historical background for those who are not familiar with Central Asian history. I will explore the most significant elements of the local social order at the highest level of social integration: the rulers and ruling clans. In doing so, I will spotlight the political dynamics resulting from the dialectics of cognitive patterns and institutions that make up local worldviews and their impact on the process of institutionalizing Abū’l-Khairid authority. The major focus will be on patronage. As the current state of knowledge shows, this institution was one of the cornerstones of the social order in the wider region until the Mongol invasion. -
Central Asia's New Dastans
CENTRAL ASIA'S NEW DASTANS H. B. Paksoy, D. Phil. Give me a chance, my rebellious dreams My father has erected his statue in my memory May years and winds be rendered powerless May his legacy not be erased from my conscience Give me a chance, my rebellious dreams Grant my father a holy DASTAN May years and winds be rendered powerless May his remembrance never be allowed to fade (Muhbir, November 1982 [Tashkent]) The dastan is ornate oral history and an important part of the Turkic literature of Central Asia. Traditionally, dastans have been repositories of ethnic identity and history, and some constitute nearly complete value systems for the peoples they embrace. The primary, or "mother," dastans are those composed to commemorate specific liberation struggles. [1] Set mostly in verse by an ozan, [2] more than 50 mother dastans are recited by Central Asians from the Eastern Altai to the Western Ural Mountains and as far south as Bend-e Turkestan in Afghanistan. Most dastans commemorate the struggles of different Turkic peoples against external aggressors, such as the Kalmuks and Chinese. The central figure of the dastan is the alp, [3] who leads his people against the enemy, be they from afar or from within his own tribe. The alp endures many trials and tribulations, which ultimately are shared by a supporting cast. His problems are nearly always aggravated by one or more traitors, who although a problem for the alp, can never stop his ineluctable progress toward victory. His success is celebrated by a toy, or lavish feast. -
Turkic Toponyms of Eurasia BUDAG BUDAGOV
BUDAG BUDAGOV Turkic Toponyms of Eurasia BUDAG BUDAGOV Turkic Toponyms of Eurasia © “Elm” Publishing House, 1997 Sponsored by VELIYEV RUSTAM SALEH oglu T ranslated by ZAHID MAHAMMAD oglu AHMADOV Edited by FARHAD MAHAMMAD oglu MUSTAFAYEV Budagov B.A. Turkic Toponyms of Eurasia. - Baku “Elm”, 1997, -1 7 4 p. ISBN 5-8066-0757-7 The geographical toponyms preserved in the immense territories of Turkic nations are considered in this work. The author speaks about the parallels, twins of Azerbaijani toponyms distributed in Uzbekistan, Kazakhstan, Turkmenistan, Altay, the Ural, Western Si beria, Armenia, Iran, Turkey, the Crimea, Chinese Turkistan, etc. Be sides, the geographical names concerned to other Turkic language nations are elucidated in this book. 4602000000-533 В ------------------------- 655(07)-97 © “Elm” Publishing House, 1997 A NOTED SCIENTIST Budag Abdulali oglu Budagov was bom in 1928 at the village o f Chobankere, Zangibasar district (now Masis), Armenia. He graduated from the Yerevan Pedagogical School in 1947, the Azerbaijan State Pedagogical Institute (Baku) in 1951. In 1955 he was awarded his candidate and in 1967 doctor’s degree. In 1976 he was elected the corresponding-member and in 1989 full-member o f the Azerbaijan Academy o f Sciences. Budag Abdulali oglu is the author o f more than 500 scientific articles and 30 books. Researches on a number o f problems o f the geographical science such as geomorphology, toponymies, history o f geography, school geography, conservation o f nature, ecology have been carried out by academician B.A.Budagov. He makes a valuable contribution for popularization o f science. -
Between Moscow and Baku: National Literatures at the 1934 Congress of Soviet Writers
Between Moscow and Baku: National Literatures at the 1934 Congress of Soviet Writers by Kathryn Douglas Schild A dissertation submitted in partial satisfaction of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Slavic Languages and Literatures in the Graduate Division of the University of California, Berkeley Committee in charge: Professor Harsha Ram, Chair Professor Irina Paperno Professor Yuri Slezkine Fall 2010 ABSTRACT Between Moscow and Baku: National Literatures at the 1934 Congress of Soviet Writers by Kathryn Douglas Schild Doctor of Philosophy in Slavic Languages and Literatures University of California, Berkeley Professor Harsha Ram, Chair The breakup of the Soviet Union in 1991 reminded many that “Soviet” and “Russian” were not synonymous, but this distinction continues to be overlooked when discussing Soviet literature. Like the Soviet Union, Soviet literature was a consciously multinational, multiethnic project. This dissertation approaches Soviet literature in its broadest sense – as a cultural field incorporating texts, institutions, theories, and practices such as writing, editing, reading, canonization, education, performance, and translation. It uses archival materials to analyze how Soviet literary institutions combined Russia’s literary heritage, the doctrine of socialist realism, and nationalities policy to conceptualize the national literatures, a term used to define the literatures of the non-Russian peripheries. It then explores how such conceptions functioned in practice in the early 1930s, in both Moscow and Baku, the capital of Soviet Azerbaijan. Although the debates over national literatures started well before the Revolution, this study focuses on 1932-34 as the period when they crystallized under the leadership of the Union of Soviet Writers. -
Mobile Civilization of Tribes and Nomads, the Ancient Capital of Cultural Tourism of Iran: a Case Study in Central Plateau of Iran
European Online Journal of Natural and Social Sciences 2014; www.european-science.com Vol.3, No.4 Special Issue on Architecture, Urbanism, and Civil Engineering ISSN 1805-3602 Mobile Civilization of Tribes and Nomads, the Ancient Capital of Cultural Tourism of Iran: A Case Study in Central Plateau of Iran Hamideh Beigi1*, Mohammad Hossein Ramesht1, Mehri Azani2 1Department of Natural Geography, Faculty of Geographic and Planning Science, University of Isfahan, Iran; 2Department of Geography, Faculty of Humanities, Najafabad Branch, Islamic Azad University, Najafabad, Isfahan, Iran *E-mail: [email protected] Abstract Mobile civilization is the oldest method of human living, which survival to the present is among the biggest attractions of this way of living. Nomadic tribes, over the centuries and for many years, attempted to preserve their traditions and customs in an incredibly attractive manner and this originality has become an attraction for the tourism industry. Strategic location and climatic conditions in Iran and especially its center of civilization namely the Central Plateau of Iran, underlies the various nomadic tribes and their flourishing culture. In this paper, with the aim of promoting tourism industry in Iran, we review the existing library documents and field research and investigate the cultural tourism attractions of the nomadic tribes of the central Plateau of Iran and introduce their tangible and intangible cultural assets. Keywords: Mobile Civilization, Tangible Assets, Intangible Assets, Cultural Tourism, Central Plateau of Iran Introduction Mobile civilization is among the earliest forms of social life which has survived since the first times of formation of human social life. Historical investigations attribute the development of mobile civilization to 5,000 years ago (Isfahani Salahi, 28: 2013). -
The Fault Lines of Violent Conflict in Tajikistan
The Fault Lines of Violent Conflict in Tajikistan A thesis submitted for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy of The Australian National University. August 2011 Centre for Arab and Islamic Studies (The Middle East and Central Asia) College of Arts and Social Sciences The Australian National University Christian Mark Bleuer 2 Declaration Except where otherwise acknowledged in the text, this thesis is based upon my own original research. The work contained in this thesis has not been submitted for a higher degree to any other university or institute. _________________________ 12 August 2011 3 Acknowledgements First of all I would like to thank my dissertation committee: Professor Amin Saikal, Dr. Kirill Nourzhanov and Dr. Robert L. Canfield. I am extremely grateful to have had the benefit of this high level of expertise on Central Asia while a PhD candidate at The Centre for Arab and Islamic Studies (The Middle East and Central Asia). Professor Saikal provided the firm guidance that kept me on track and reasonably on time with my work. His knowledge of Central Asian culture, history and politics was invaluable. Dr. Nourzhanov’s deep understanding of Tajikistan and Central Asia is what allowed me to produce this dissertation. He never failed to guide me towards the best sources, and the feedback he provided on my numerous drafts enabled me to vastly improve on the work that I had produced. I am also very grateful to Dr. Canfield who, despite being far away at Washington University in St. Louis, graciously agreed to be on my dissertation committee. His comments and criticism were valuable in refining my dissertation into the state that it is now in. -
Are Central Asian Muslims? a Historical and Comparative Enquiry
How “Muslim” are Central Asian Muslims? A Historical and Comparative Enquiry Accepted version of an article published in Central Asian Affairs: Yemelianova, Galina M. “How “Muslim” are Central Asian Muslims? A Historical and Comparative Enquiry”, Central Asian Affairs 4, 3 (2017): 243-269. Galina M. Yemelianova Centre for Russian, European and Eurasian Studies, Birmingham University, UK [email protected] Abstract The article analyzes the social, political, and symbolic functions of Islam in contemporary Uzbekistan, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Turkmenistan, and Tajikistan. Over many centuries, Central Asians developed a particular form of Islam based on a productive and fluid synergy among Islam per se, their tribal legal and customary norms, and Tengrian and Zoroastrian beliefs and practices. It is characterized by a high level of doctrinal and functional adaptability to shifting political and cultural environments, the prevalence of mystical Islam (Sufism) and oral, rather than book-based, Islamic tradition. These qualities have defined distinctive Islamic trajectories in post-Soviet Central Asia, which differ significantly from those in other Muslim-majority countries and in Muslim communities in the West. At the same time, the common Eurasian space and lengthy shared political history of Central Asians and other peoples of Muslim Eurasia are also reflected in the considerable similarities in their Islamic trajectories. Keywords Central Asia – Eurasia – Russia – Silk Road – Nomadism – Islam – Sufism – Jihadism Central Asia1—defined here as the post-Soviet republics of Uzbekistan, Tajikistan, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, and Turkmenistan—remains rather poorly 1 Here the term “Central Asia” is used in the narrow sense, referring to the five post-Soviet states of Uzbekistan, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Turkmenistan, and Tajikistan. -
Between Moscow and Baku: National Literatures at the 1934 Congress of Soviet Writers
Between Moscow and Baku: National Literatures at the 1934 Congress of Soviet Writers by Kathryn Douglas Schild A dissertation submitted in partial satisfaction of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Slavic Languages and Literatures in the Graduate Division of the University of California, Berkeley Committee in charge: Professor Harsha Ram, Chair Professor Irina Paperno Professor Yuri Slezkine Fall 2010 ABSTRACT Between Moscow and Baku: National Literatures at the 1934 Congress of Soviet Writers by Kathryn Douglas Schild Doctor of Philosophy in Slavic Languages and Literatures University of California, Berkeley Professor Harsha Ram, Chair The breakup of the Soviet Union in 1991 reminded many that “Soviet” and “Russian” were not synonymous, but this distinction continues to be overlooked when discussing Soviet literature. Like the Soviet Union, Soviet literature was a consciously multinational, multiethnic project. This dissertation approaches Soviet literature in its broadest sense – as a cultural field incorporating texts, institutions, theories, and practices such as writing, editing, reading, canonization, education, performance, and translation. It uses archival materials to analyze how Soviet literary institutions combined Russia’s literary heritage, the doctrine of socialist realism, and nationalities policy to conceptualize the national literatures, a term used to define the literatures of the non-Russian peripheries. It then explores how such conceptions functioned in practice in the early 1930s, in both Moscow and Baku, the capital of Soviet Azerbaijan. Although the debates over national literatures started well before the Revolution, this study focuses on 1932-34 as the period when they crystallized under the leadership of the Union of Soviet Writers. -
State of Forests of the Caucasus and Central Asia
State of Forests of the Caucasus and Central Asia State of Forests of the Caucasus and Central Asia GENEVA TIMBER AND FOREST STUDY PAPER Overview of forests and sustainable forest management in the Caucasus and Central Asia region New York and Geneva, 2019 2 State of Forests of the Caucasus and Central Asia COPYRIGHT AND DISCLAIMER Copyright© 2019 United Nations and the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. All rights reserved worldwide. The designations employed in UNECE and FAO publications, which are in conformity with United Nations practice, and the presentation of material therein do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the United Nations Economic Commission for Europe (UNECE) or the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) concerning the legal status of any country; area or territory or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers. The responsibility for opinions expressed in this study and other contributions rests solely with their authors, and its publication does not constitute an endorsement by UNECE or FAO of the opinions expressed. Reference to names of firms and commercial products and processes, whether or not these have been patented, does not imply their endorsement by UNECE or FAO, and any failure to mention a particular firm, commercial product or process is not a sign of disapproval. This work is copublished by the United Nations (UNECE) and FAO. ABSTRACT The study on the state of forests in the Caucasus and Central Asia aims to present the forest resources and the forest sector of the region, including trends in, and pressures on the resource, to describe the policies and institutions for the forest sector in the region and to list the major challenges the sector faces, and the policy responses in place or planned.