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VYTAUTO DIDŽIOJO UNIVERSITETAS Inga VYTAUTO DIDŽIOJO UNIVERSITETAS ŠVIETIMO AKADEMIJA KALBINIO IR MENINIO UGDYMO PROGRAMŲ GRUPĖ Inga Griauslytė ŽODINĖS IRONIJOS VERTIMAS ANGLIŠKAME „DIEVŲ MIŠKO“ VERTIME (lietuvių kalba) Bakalauro baigiamasis darbas Anglų filologijos studijų programa, valstybinis kodas 612X13008 Pedagogikos studijų kryptis Vadovas (-ė) Lekt. Dr. Gerda Mazlaveckienė_____________ (Moksl. laipsnis, vardas, pavardė) (Parašas) (Data) Apginta Doc. Dr. Žydronė Kolevinskienė __________ (Programų grupės vadovas) (Parašas) (Data) Vilnius, 2021 VYTAUTAS MAGNUS UNIVERSITY EDUCATION ACADEMY LANGUAGE AND ART EDUCATION STUDY PROGRAMME GROUP Inga Griauslytė TRANSLATION OF VERBAL IRONY IN ENGLISH TRANSLATION OF FOREST OF THE GODS BA THESIS Academic advisor: Lect. Dr. Gerda Mazlaveckienė Vilnius, 2021 2 VYTAUTO DIDŽIOJO UNIVERSITETAS ŠVIETIMO AKADEMIJA Anglų filolgijos studijų programa STUDENTĖS Ingos Griauslytės (vardas, pavardė) PARENGUSIO BAIGIAMĄJĮ BAKALAURO DARBĄ Žodinės ironijos vertimas angliškame „Dievų miško“ vertime (darbo tema) DEKLARACIJA Garantuoju, kad baigiamąjį darbą parengiau savarankiškai, nepažeisdamas (-a) kitų asmenų autorinių teisių. Baigiamajame darbe tiesiogiai ar netiesiogiai panaudotos kitų autorių mintys yra pažymėtos, pateikiant nuorodas į šaltinius. Garantuoju, kad darbe nėra neskelbtinos informacijos arba informacijos, kuriai būtų taikomi teisės aktuose numatyti skelbimo apribojimai. Studentas.................................................. .................................................................. (Parašas) (vardas, pavardė) 3 CONTENTS ABSTRACT ........................................................................................................................................... 6 INTRODUCTION ................................................................................................................................. 7 1. THEORETICAL UNDERPINNINGS OF THE CONCEPT OF IRONY ......................................... 9 1.1. Definition and types of irony .......................................................................................................... 9 1.2. Verbal and situational irony .......................................................................................................... 10 2. TRANSLATION.............................................................................................................................. 12 2.1. Translation strategies .................................................................................................................... 12 2.2. Irony in translation ........................................................................................................................ 17 2.2.1. Strategies for translating irony ............................................................................................... 18 2.2.2. Issues in translating irony ...................................................................................................... 21 3. ANALYSIS OF VERBAL IRONY IN “FOREST OF THE GODS” BY BALYS SRUOGA ....... 24 3.1. Research methodology .................................................................................................................. 24 3.2. Application of translation strategies of irony................................................................................ 25 3.2.1. ST irony becomes TT irony with literal translation ............................................................... 25 3.2.2. ST irony is enhanced in TT with some word/expression ....................................................... 30 3.2.3. ST ironic innuendo becomes more restricted and explicit in TT ........................................... 31 3.2.4. ST irony becomes TT sarcasm ............................................................................................... 31 3.2.5. ST ironic ambiguity has only one of the two meanings translated in TT .............................. 32 3.2.6. ST irony replaced by a “synonym” in TT with no two possible interpretations .................... 34 3.2.7. Ironic ST completely deleted in TT ....................................................................................... 34 3.2.8. Statistical summary of the research ....................................................................................... 36 CONCLUSIONS.................................................................................................................................. 38 SUMMARY IN LITHUANIAN .......................................................................................................... 39 REFERENCES .................................................................................................................................... 41 SOURCES............................................................................................................................................ 42 APPENDICIES .................................................................................................................................... 43 5 ABSTRACT The aim of this research paper is to analyze cases of the verbal irony which were collected from the novel Forest of the Gods by Balys Sruoga which was translated from Lithuanian to English according to translation strategies for verbal irony. To reach this goal, the objectives of this research paper were: analyze the cases of verbal irony collected from the novel Forest of the Gods by Balys Sruoga and their equivalents in the English translation of the same novel; to determine which translation strategies were used for translating the verbal irony during the process of the translation; analyzing what impact have used translation strategies on the verbal irony and its translation to English. During this research, 56 cases of verbal irony were collected from the novel. The results of this research have shown: 1. The cases of verbal irony has been collected from the Lithuanian version of the novel Forest of the Gods and their equivalents in English. They have been analyzed and assigned to specific translation strategies presented and suggested by M. Mateo; 2. Translation is a linguistic activity the purpose of which is to replace a written message or statement of the source language by the same message or statement in the target language by its closest equivalent. The process of translation developed since there was an interaction of two cultures and languages. In the purpose of translation, equivalence is the main issue. In order to preserve the meaning and the context less altered, different translation strategies are applied; 3. Effect on the verbal irony has been measured and presented in the analysis. The results suggest that the verbal irony in English mostly is preserved, but there are some cases in which the verbal irony disappears in Target Language during the process of translation; 6 INTRODUCTION Irony is a powerful weapon in literature and life. Sometimes the use of irony in our ordinary lives can give us strength to look at horrible or unfortunate events from the different angle and provide us with hope. During World War II one of the most intellectual Lithuanians Balys Sruoga was incarcerated in Stutthof’s concentration camp. We cannot imagine what horrible experience he must have suffered there. After the end of the war he was released from the prison and wrote memoirs which he named after the place - Forest of the Gods which was called by this name by people who lived nearby. In his memoirs he told the world what terrible events he had to witness. This novel is mostly known for its subtle irony when the author is telling stories about horrors of the prison. In 2005 the novel was translated by the author’s relative Aušrinė Byla. This research paper analyzes translation of verbal irony and it is relevant to the studies of languages to do that because translation as such is important to society as it is the only way to get familiar with other cultures and be able to understand and communicate with people from all around the world. The other aspect of this research paper which is important is the ability to translate stylistic devices, such as irony from one language to another during translation of fiction and non-fiction literature. Many scholars, such as Kamyanets (2017) or Sukmaningrum (2018), etc. have studied this linguistic branch and offered their insights into what is translation as a phenomenon and what strategies could be used in the process of the translation. This paper analyses how verbal irony is transferred from one language to another and what translation strategies were used in order to do that. This novel is analyzed in most Lithuanian schools on the basis of the historical events, their perception from the author’s point of view and to get familiar with stylistic devices in Lithuanian. Similar researches have been done by other scholars, but it was concentrated on the source language, in this case Lithuanian or only target language, English. The significance of this research paper is that the same text is analyzed and compared with each other even though they are written in different languages. The importance of carrying out studies of translation because it is of vital importance to spread nation’s literature worldwide and people cannot do that if it is unknown for them how to properly translate country’s literature. The main reason for choosing translation of verbal irony was the fact that irony is a difficult stylistic device to recognize and use because of its power towards people’s perception of the text. Results of this study could be used in
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