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Pomerania in the Medieval and Renaissance Cartography – from the Cottoniana to Eilhard Lubinus
Pomerania in the Medieval and Renaissance Cartography… STUDIA MARITIMA, vol. XXXIII (2020) | ISSN 0137-3587 | DOI: 10.18276/sm.2020.33-04 Adam Krawiec Faculty of Historical Studies Adam Mickiewicz University, Poznań [email protected] ORCID: 0000-0002-3936-5037 Pomerania in the Medieval and Renaissance Cartography – from the Cottoniana to Eilhard Lubinus Keywords: Pomerania, Duchy of Pomerania, medieval cartography, early modern cartography, maritime cartography The following paper deals with the question of the cartographical image of Pomer- ania. What I mean here are maps in the modern sense of the word, i.e. Graphic rep- resentations that facilitate a spatial understanding of things, concepts, conditions, processes, or events in the human world1. It is an important reservation because the line between graphic and non-graphic representations of the Earth’s surface in the Middle Ages was sometimes blurred, therefore the term mappamundi could mean either a cartographic image or a textual geographical description, and in some cases it functioned as an equivalent of the modern term “Geography”2. Consequently, there’s a tendency in the modern historiography to analyze both forms of the geographical descriptions together. However, the late medieval and early modern developments in the perception and re-constructing of the space led to distinguishing cartography as an autonomous, full-fledged discipline of knowledge, and to the general acceptance of the map in the modern sense as a basic form of presentation of the world’s surface. Most maps which will be examined in the paper were produced in this later period, so it seems justified to analyze only the “real” maps, although in a broader context of the geographical imaginations. -
Stony Brook University
SSStttooonnnyyy BBBrrrooooookkk UUUnnniiivvveeerrrsssiiitttyyy The official electronic file of this thesis or dissertation is maintained by the University Libraries on behalf of The Graduate School at Stony Brook University. ©©© AAAllllll RRRiiiggghhhtttsss RRReeessseeerrrvvveeeddd bbbyyy AAAuuuttthhhooorrr... Invasions, Insurgency and Interventions: Sweden’s Wars in Poland, Prussia and Denmark 1654 - 1658. A Dissertation Presented by Christopher Adam Gennari to The Graduate School in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy in History Stony Brook University May 2010 Copyright by Christopher Adam Gennari 2010 Stony Brook University The Graduate School Christopher Adam Gennari We, the dissertation committee for the above candidate for the Doctor of Philosophy degree, hereby recommend acceptance of this dissertation. Ian Roxborough – Dissertation Advisor, Professor, Department of Sociology. Michael Barnhart - Chairperson of Defense, Distinguished Teaching Professor, Department of History. Gary Marker, Professor, Department of History. Alix Cooper, Associate Professor, Department of History. Daniel Levy, Department of Sociology, SUNY Stony Brook. This dissertation is accepted by the Graduate School """"""""" """"""""""Lawrence Martin "" """""""Dean of the Graduate School ii Abstract of the Dissertation Invasions, Insurgency and Intervention: Sweden’s Wars in Poland, Prussia and Denmark. by Christopher Adam Gennari Doctor of Philosophy in History Stony Brook University 2010 "In 1655 Sweden was the premier military power in northern Europe. When Sweden invaded Poland, in June 1655, it went to war with an army which reflected not only the state’s military and cultural strengths but also its fiscal weaknesses. During 1655 the Swedes won great successes in Poland and captured most of the country. But a series of military decisions transformed the Swedish army from a concentrated, combined-arms force into a mobile but widely dispersed force. -
A History of German-Scandinavian Relations
A History of German – Scandinavian Relations A History of German-Scandinavian Relations By Raimund Wolfert A History of German – Scandinavian Relations Raimund Wolfert 2 A History of German – Scandinavian Relations Table of contents 1. The Rise and Fall of the Hanseatic League.............................................................5 2. The Thirty Years’ War............................................................................................11 3. Prussia en route to becoming a Great Power........................................................15 4. After the Napoleonic Wars.....................................................................................18 5. The German Empire..............................................................................................23 6. The Interwar Period...............................................................................................29 7. The Aftermath of War............................................................................................33 First version 12/2006 2 A History of German – Scandinavian Relations This essay contemplates the history of German-Scandinavian relations from the Hanseatic period through to the present day, focussing upon the Berlin- Brandenburg region and the northeastern part of Germany that lies to the south of the Baltic Sea. A geographic area whose topography has been shaped by the great Scandinavian glacier of the Vistula ice age from 20000 BC to 13 000 BC will thus be reflected upon. According to the linguistic usage of the term -
555 the Regime of Passage Through the Danish Straits Alex G. Oude
The Regime of Passage Through the Danish Straits Alex G. Oude Elferink* Netherlands Institute for the Law of the Sea, Utrecht University, The Netherlands ABSTRACT The Danish Straits are the main connection between the Baltic Sea and the world oceans. The regime of passage through these straits has been the subject of extensiveregulation, raising the question how different applicable instruments interact. Apart from applicable bilateral and multilateral treaties, it is necessaryto take into account the practice of Denmark and Swedenand other interested states, and regulatory activities within the framework of the IMO. The Case ConcerningPassage Through the Great Belt before the ICJ provides insights into the views of Denmark and Finland. The article concludesthat an 1857treaty excludesthe applicabilityof Part III of the LOS Convention to the straits, and that there are a number of difficultiesin assessingthe contents of the regimeof the straits. At the same time, these uncertaintiesdo not seem to have been a complicatingfactor for the adoption of measuresto regulate shipping traffic. Introduction The Danish Straits are the main connection between the Baltic Sea and the world oceans. The straits are of vital importance for the maritime communication of the Baltic states and squarely fall within the legal category of straits used for international navigation For a number of these states the Baltic Sea is the only outlet to the oceans (Estonia, Finland, Latvia, Lithuania and Poland). Although * An earlier version of this article was presented at the international conference, The Passage of Ships Through Straits, sponsored by the Defense Analyses Institute, Athens, 23 October 1999. The author wishes to thank the speakers and participants at that conference for the stimulating discussions, which assisted in preparing the final version of the article. -
Swedish Pomerania All of My Life, I Have Held That Belief That My Mother’S Family, the Gast and Knitter Families Came from Germany and Were Therefore, German
Swedish Pomerania All of my life, I have held that belief that my mother’s family, the Gast and Knitter families came from Germany and were therefore, German. I have ship records of the families leaving Stolp, Germany for England and then across the Atlantic Ocean to the United States. We also know that Stolp which is on the border of Germany and Poland has been held by both countries. I have records from my cousin Neoma Laken of a German bible in the Gast family. I have records showing that the Gast family spoke German when they arrived in Minnesota. However, based on DNA results from Ancestry, MyHeritage and 23and Me, I show over 50 percent Norwegian and at least 25 percent Swedish ancestry and very little from what we now know as Germany or Poland. The two families settled in an entirely Scandinavian Marsh Grove township in Marshall County, Minnesota. In one of her stories Neoma wondered why two German families would settle in that area rather than one of mostly German families. So, of course, I had to do more research and what I found is interesting and may explain it all. Svenska Pommern in Swedish means Swedish Pommern in English and was a Dominion under Swedish rule from 1630 to 1815. The Treaty of Stettin in 1630 gave Sweden the area plus the islands of Rugen, Usedom and Wolin. Swedish King Gustavus Adolphus invaded Europe in the early 1600s and as part of the peace treaty was given parts of Germany including Pomerania. Since Pomerania was ruled by the Swedish King, he gave parts of Pomerania to some of his noblemen, who moved to Pomerania, settled and intermarried with local nobility. -
Baltic Towns030306
The State and the Integration of the Towns of the Provinces of the Swedish Baltic Empire The Purpose of the Paper1 between 1561 and 1660, Sweden expanded Dalong the coasts of the Baltic Sea and throughout Scandinavia. Sweden became the dominant power in the Baltics and northern Europe, a position it would maintain until the early eighteenth century. At the same time, Swedish society was experiencing a profound transformation. Sweden developed into a typical European early modern power-state with a bureaucracy, a powerful mili- tary organization, and a peasantry bending under taxes and conscription. The kingdom of Sweden also changed from a self-contained country to an important member of the European economy. During this period the Swedish urban system developed as well. From being one of the least urbanized European countries with hardly more than 40 towns and an urbanization level of three to four per cent, Sweden doubled the number of towns and increased the urbanization level to almost ten per cent. The towns were also forced by the state into a staple-town system with differing roles in fo- reign and domestic trade, and the administrative and governing systems of the towns were reformed according to royal initiatives. In the conquered provinces a number of other towns now came under Swe- dish rule. These towns were treated in different ways by the state, as were the pro- vinces as a whole. While the former Danish and Norwegian towns were complete- ly incorporated into the Swedish nation, the German and most of the east Baltic towns were not. -
“Swedish Freemasonry in the Caribbean: How St. Barthélemy Turned Into an Island of the IX Th Province ”
“Swedish Freemasonry in the Caribbean: How St. Barthélemy turned into an Island of the IX th Province ” Andreas Önnerfors Consejo Científico: José Antonio Ferrer Benimeli (Universidad de Zaragoza), Miguel Guzmán-Stein (Universidad de Costa Rica), Eduardo Torres-Cuevas (Universidad de La Habana), Andreas Önnerfors (University of Sheffield), María Eugenia Vázquez Semadeni (Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México), Roberto Valdés Valle (Universidad Centroamericana “José Simeón Cañas”), Carlos Martínez Moreno (Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México) Editor: Yván Pozuelo Andrés (IES Universidad Laboral de Gijón) Director: Ricardo Martínez Esquivel (Universidad de Costa Rica) Dirección web: rehmlac.com/ Correo electrónico: [email protected] Apartado postal: 243-2300 San José, Costa Rica REHMLAC ISSN 1659-4223 17 Vol. 1, Nº 1, Mayo 2009-Noviembre 2009 Fecha de recibido: 6 diciembre 2008 – Fecha de aceptación: 30 febrero 2009 Palabras clave Masonería, Suecia, Caribe, San Bartolomé, siglo XVIII Keywords Freemasonry, Sweden, Caribbean, Saint Barthélemy, 18 th century Resumen Este artículo examina la organización de la masonería en San Bartolomé, sus relaciones con la Gran Logia de Suecia, su estructura y actividades. Relaciones que hasta ahora nunca han sido analizadas. El estudio se centra principalmente entre los años 1797-1807, periodo en donde abundan documentos acerca de los rituales de trabajo, la organización y las ideologías de las logias. Por último, un aporte fundamental de esta investigación está en que por primera son utilizadas fuentes acerca de la orden masónica sueca presentes en los archivos de la logia La Sudermanie de la capital de San Bartolomé, Gustavia. Abstract This paper deals with the establishment of freemasonry on St. Barthélemy, its connections to the Swedish Grand Lodge, its membership structure and activities mainly between 1797 and 1807. -
Denmark and the Duchy of Schleswig 1587-1920
Denmark and the Duchy of Schleswig 1587-1920 The making of modern Denmark The Duchy of Schleswig Hertugdømmet Slesvig Herzogthum Schleswig c. 1821 The President’s Display to The Royal Philatelic Society London 18th June 2015 Chris King RDP FRPSL 8th July 1587, Entire letter sent from Eckernförde to Stralsund. While there was no formal postal service at this time, the German Hanseatic towns had a messenger service from Hamburg via Lübeck, Rostock, Stettin, Danzig and Königsberg to Riga, and this may have been the service used to carry this letter. RPSL Denmark and the Duchy of Schleswig 1587-1920 The Duchy of Schleswig: Background Speed/Kaerius, 1666-68, from “A Prospect of the Most Famous Parts of the World” The Duchies of Slesvig (Schleswig in German) and Holstein were associated with the Danish Crown from the 15th century, until the Second Schleswig War of 1864 and the seizure by Prussia and Austria. From around 1830 sections of the population began to identify with German or Danish nationality and political movements followed. In Denmark, the National Liberal Party used the Schleswig question as part of their programme and demanded that the Duchy be incorporated in the Danish kingdom under the slogan “Denmark to the Eider". This caused a conflict between Denmark and the German states, which led to the Schleswig-Holstein Question of the 19th century. When the National Liberals came to power in Denmark, in 1848, it provoked an uprising of ethnic Germans who supported Schleswig's ties with Holstein. This led to the First Schleswig War. Denmark was victorious, although more through politics than strength of arms. -
The Scandinavians in Poland: a Re-Evaluation of Perceptions of the Vikings1
Brathair 9 (2), 2009: 02-14. ISSN 1519-9053 The Scandinavians in Poland: a re-evaluation of perceptions of the Vikings1 Gregory Cattaneo PhD student student in Medieval History (cotutelle) Paris Sorbonne and University of Iceland [email protected] Resumo O presente artigo visa analisar as percepções dos vikings na Polônia em três níveis. As representações dos Vikings são primeiro desenvolvidas dentro do espectro da história e da identidade polonesa contemporâneas. Depois, através de um breve balanço historiográfico e arqueológico da situação geopolítica da Era Viking na Polônia. E finalmente, os Vikings são abordados através do imaginário geral, mais apresentado pelas coleções de museus e reconstruções históricas na Polônia. Palavras-chave: Redes de Identidades Vikings; Historiografia Polonesa; Turismo de Patrimônio Viking Abstract The present essay intends to analyse the perceptions of the Vikings in Poland following three levels. The Viking's representations are first developed under the scope of contemporary Polish history and identity. Then through a quick historiographical and archaeological overview of the geopolitical situation of Viking Age Poland. Finally, the Vikings are approached through the general imaginary, mostly presented by museum collections and historical reconstructions in Poland. Keywords: Viking identities network; Polish historiography; Viking heritage tourism http://www.brathair.com 2 Brathair 9 (2), 2009: 02-14. ISSN 1519-9053 Mentioning Poland in a publication dealing with Viking identities, diasporas and reception might be surprising. Even if western scholars are becoming more acquainted with the Scandinavian presence in some Eastern European countries like Russia, Poland is still looked upon as having a poor relation in Viking Age studies. -
Legal Picture of the Law of the Sea Would in Any Case Be Confusing
THE BAI TIC STRAITS oastal StateS. In What Nay be its prinCi al h evement, UNCLOShas developed such a re i See also ibid., at . 121 ~ " ' i convention, however, thee UNCLOSUNC straits destined to serve as a powerfulf mod.el deve Lopment o f a new customarus omary law1 of straits ~t tI Some may even que stion. whet her a sin le multi- Caraca.s Convention wo u lda equately cover of physical, navigational a, po 1'itical, and ems e ar anelles, G braltax', Malacca, the Danish Straits Bah 1- e Qt er nar rows. These skepticsep ics mayma askk bi 1 ate.ra l or specia 1 regional agreements . geweniq, ~eu re, note 1, p. 67. COMMENTARY Ib R. Andreasen Ambassador Ministry of Foreign Affairs Denmark I was indeed very honoredwhen the Lawof the Sea Institute asked me to be one of the commentators on the subject of "TheBaltic Straits." Knowingthe usualvery high academicstandards of the Conferences of the Institute, I heSitated in OfferingNy VieW- pointsin sucha distinguishedgathering. Being here andseeing so manywell knownprofessors of interna- tional law, andespecialLy after listeningto the ex- tremelyinteresting and comprehensive speech by Pro- fessorVitzthum, I think I shouldhave hesitated even Nore. Qnthe otherhand, it mightafter all beof interestto the conferenceto have an input on the Straitsissue which originates more from practical experiencethan f romacademic studies. Beforecommenting onthe Straits issue I would, however,like to makesome general remarks in rela- tionto ProfessorVitzthum's introduction. I under- stoodhim to saythat, irrespective ofwhether ornot a newLaw of theSea Convention cameinto force, the legalpicture of thelaw of the sea would inany case beconfusing. -
Pomerania “A Explore the Westpomeranian Region
S / West Pomerania Explore “a the Westpomeranian Region ■ ■ u m m u J ROUTES . .IV _ * # LAKE DISTRICTS WESTPOMERANIAN ^ Pomerania VOIVODSHIP Poland: located between the Baltic Sea and the Carpathian Mountains and the Sudetes. Area of the country: 312 685 km2. Administrative division: 16 voivodships Currency: Polish zloty Longest rivers: the Vistula River, the Oder River Official language: Polish In European Union: since 2004 Poland shares borders with the following countries: from the West with Germany, from the South with the Czech Republic and Slovakia, from the East with Ukraine and Belarus, and from the North with Lithuania and Russia (the Kaliningrad District). The Westpomeranian voivodship is located in the North-West Poland, at the coast of the Baltic Sea. The voivodship shares borders with the Pomeranian Voivodship from the East, the Great Poland and the Lubuskie Voivodships from the South, and from the West with German Lands: Brandenburg and Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania. It covers the area of 22 892.48 km2. Szczecin is the seat of the voivodship authorities. Western Pomerania is the destination for holiday rest, a perfect place for active tourism, meetings with history, culture and tradition and finally a very attractive place for entertainment during numerous sports and tourist events. Explore Western Pomerania, the region located in the heart of Europe, in the North-West Poland, appealing with gorgeous sandy beaches, the Baltic breeze and much more! Discover how many attractions you may find in the land of lakes and rivers. Active tourists will be have an opportunity to practice sailing, windsurfing, kitesurfing, paragliding, canoeing, parachute jumping, and enjoy waterways, canoe trails, and golf courses. -
On 23 October 1815, Sweden Lost Its Last Remaining Conquest Of
Swedish Pomeranian Shipping in the Revolutionary Age (1776–1815) Magnus Ressel n 23 October 1815, Sweden lost its last remaining conquest of the OThirty Years War. As a result of a complicated exchange, Sweden gai- ned Norway as a kingdom to be ruled in personal union by its king. In return, Denmark obtained the little Duchy of Lauenburg, which Prussia had acquired previously from Hanover in exchange for Eastern Frisia, only to be used as a bargaining chip. To make up for differences in the relative importance of these territories, substantial flows of money accompanied the entire clearing pro- cess.1 Swedish Pomerania thus left the Swedish orbit for good. It had been a small province on the southern coast of the Baltic with an area of 4 400 km², the main part stretching from Damgarten to Anklam with Stralsund and Gre- ifswald as the most important cities. The island of Rügen (with another 920 km²) had also belonged to the Swedish possessions in the Holy Roman Em- pire, as had the city of Wismar with a little hinterland (this only until 1803). Magnus Ressel (fil.dr) arbetar som forskare vid universitetet i Bochum. Han skrev sin avhandling på ämnet ”Northern Europe and the Barbary corsairs during the Early Modern Epoch”. Han bedriver för tillfället forskning rörande Hansan, Nederländerna, Danmark och Sverige under Trettioåriga kriget. 64 65 Sweden’s provinces in Germany had been saved twice for the kingdom, in 1678 by France alone and in 1719 by France and England together when they had joined to preserve as much as possible of the weakened country’s German territories.2 Now this was undone forever.