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51 Salmon. Returning Through the San Juan and Gulf Islands Throughout
salmon. Returning through the San Juan and Gulf Islands throughout August and September, the cycle ended with chum salmon as the last major resource harvested in the Goldstream area from October onward. (2) Image 1: The W̱ SÁNEĆ Calendar, artist Briony Penn, copyright Tsawout First Nation. W̱ SÁNEĆ Elders Earl Claxton and John Elliot created a written version of the tradit ional 13-moon W̱SÁNEĆ calendar in 1993, which is included below: 51 The W̱SÁNEĆ Year ṈIṈENE – Moon of the Child ♦ Nettle twine made into nets. ♦ For those who would take the risk, Halibut fishing resumed. ♦ Grilse fishing in WJOLEP. ♦ Fawns born, deer hunting stops. ♦ Generally living off supplies, telling tales, instructing children, longhouse ceremonies continue. WEXES – Moon of the Frog ♦ Ocean travel safer. ♦ Fish for herring and gather herring roe. ♦ Duck nets were used. ♦ Sections of reef net sewn together, captains surveyed beaches for anchor rocks, rafts were assembled, floats and cables prepared. PEXSISEṈ – The Moon of Opening Hands – The Blossoming Out Moon ♦ Hunting of Brant Geese ♦ Clams, oysters and Mussels are at their best. ♦ Cedar logs felled for canoes, etc. ♦ Cedar bark gathered. ♦ Wool dogs shed – wool gathered. SXÁNEȽ - Bullhead Moon ♦ Gathered Bullheads. ♦ Harvested seaweed. ♦ Halibut fishery ends. ♦ Grouse snared in the woods. PENÁW̱EṈ – Moon of Camas Harvest ♦ Most families left the winter village for spring camps. ♦ Harvest camas. ♦ Gather gull eggs. ♦ Purple and green sea urchins gathered. ĆENŦEḴI – The Sockeye Moon ♦ Dropping of the anchor rocks at the family reef net locations. ♦ First salmon ceremony ♦ Start of salmon trade. ĆENHENEN – Humpback Salmon Return to the Earth 52 ♦ Reef fishery continues – especially at Point Roberts. -
A Resurgent Journey Back to the Saanich Reef Net Fishery By
To Fish as Formerly: A Resurgent Journey back to the Saanich Reef Net Fishery by Nicholas XEMŦOLTW Claxton Bachelor of Science, University of Victoria, 2000 Master of Arts, University of Victoria, 2003 A Dissertation Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY in the Department of Curriculum and Instruction © Nicholas XEMŦOLTW Claxton, 2015 University of Victoria All rights reserved. This thesis may not be reproduced in whole or in part, by photocopy or other means, without the permission of the author. ii Supervisory Committee To Fish as Formerly: A Resurgent Journey back to the Saanich Reef Net Fishery by Nicholas XEMŦOLTW Claxton Bachelor of Science, University of Victoria, 2000 Master of Arts, University of Victoria, 2003 Supervisory Committee Dr. Jason Price, Department of Curriculum and Instruction Supervisor Dr. Mike Emme, Department of Curriculum and Instruction Committee Member Dr. Honore France, Department of Educational Psychology and Leadership Studies Outside Member iii Abstract Supervisory Committee Dr. Jason Price, Department of Curriculum and Instruction Supervisor Dr. Mike Emme, Department of Curriculum and Instruction Committee Member Dr. Honore France, Department of Educational Psychology and Leadership Studies Outside Member According to W̱SÁNEĆ oral history, the W̱SÁNEĆ people have lived on their territorial homelands back to the time of creation. The W̱SÁNEĆ way of life has been passed on to each succeeding generation through an educational way, centered in large part on the W̱SÁNEĆ Reef Net Fishery. This fishing practice formed the backbone of W̱SÁNEĆ culture and society. Despite being protected by the Douglas Treaty of 1852, over the next 163 years of colonization, the knowledge, ceremony, practice, and educational way of the SX̱OLE (Reef Net) was nearly lost. -
Songhees Pictorial
Songhees Pictorial A History ofthe Songhees People as seen by Outsiders, 1790 - 1912 by Grant Keddie Royal British Columbia Museum, Victoria, 2003. 175pp., illus., maps, bib., index. $39.95. ISBN 0-7726-4964-2. I remember making an appointment with Dan Savard in or der to view the Sali sh division ofthe provincial museum's photo collections. After some security precautions, I was ushered into a vast room ofcabi nets in which were the ethnological photographs. One corner was the Salish division- fairly small compared with the larger room and yet what a goldmine of images. [ spent my day thumbing through pictures and writing down the numbers name Songhees appeared. Given the similarity of the sounds of of cool photos I wished to purchase. It didn't take too long to some of these names to Sami sh and Saanich, l would be more cau see that I could never personally afford even the numbers I had tious as to whom is being referred. The oldest journal reference written down at that point. [ was struck by the number of quite indicating tribal territory in this area is the Galiano expedi tion excellent photos in the collection, which had not been published (Wagner 1933). From June 5th to June 9th 1792, contact was to my knowledge. I compared this with the few photos that seem maintained with Tetacus, a Makah tyee who accompanied the to be published again and again. Well, Grant Keddie has had expedi tion to his "seed gathering" village at Esquimalt Harbour. access to this intriguing collection, with modern high-resolution At this time, Victoria may have been in Makah territory or at least scanning equipment, and has prepared this edited collecti on fo r high-ranking marriage alliances gave them access to the camus our v1ewmg. -
IR# ABORIGINAL GROUP 1 Adams Lake Indian Band 2 Alexander First
June 22, 2015 FILED ELECTRONICALLY National Energy Board 517 Tenth Avenue SW Calgary, AB T2R 0A8 Attention: Sheri Young, Secretary of the Board Dear Ms. Young: Re: Trans Mountain Pipeline ULC – Trans Mountain Expansion Project File OF-Fac-Oil-T260-2013-03 02, Hearing Order OH-001-2014 Information Requests to Other Intervenors Please find enclosed Information Requests prepared by the Major Projects Management Office, on behalf of Natural Resources Canada to the following intervenors: IR# ABORIGINAL GROUP 1 Adams Lake Indian Band 2 Alexander First Nation 3 Alexis Nakota Sioux Nation 4 Ashcroft Indian Band 5 British Columbia Métis Federation 6 Cheam First Nation and Chawathil First Nation 7 Coldwater Indian Band 8 Cowichan Tribes 9 Ditidaht First Nation 10 Enoch Cree Nation 11 Ermineskine Cree Nation 12 Esquimalt Nation 13 Gunn Métis Local 55 14 Horse Lake First Nation 15 Katzie First Nation 16 Kwantlen First Nation 17 Kwikwetlem First Nation 18 Lake Cowichan First Nation 19 Lheidli T'enneh First Nation 20 Lower Nicola Indian Band 21 Lyackson First Nation 22 The First Nations of the Maa-nulth Treaty Society 23 Matsqui First Nation 24 Métis Nation of Alberta Region IV 25 Métis Nation of British Columbia 26 Montana First Nation 27 Musqueam Indian Band 28 Neskonlith Indian Band 29 Nooaitch Indian Band 30 O'Chiese First Nation 31 Okanagan Nation Alliance 32 Pacheedaht First Nation 33 Pauquachin First Nation 34 Penelakut Tribe 35 Peters Band 36 Popkum First Nation 37 Samson Cree Nation 38 Scia'new First Nation 39 Shackan Indian Band 40 Shxw’ōwhámel -
GVHA-Indigenous-Business-Directory
1 Company Name Business Type Contact Details Website Alexander Traffic Traffic Control Dore Lafortune Alexander Traffic Control is a local company providing traffic N/A Control Ltd. Company control services. Aligned Design Commercial & Lana Pagaduan Aligned Design works in flooring installations and commer- www.aligneddesignfp.co Residential Painting and cial & residential painting. They are 100% Indigenous m (under construction) Flooring Installations owned and operated. AlliedOne Consulting IT Strategy Gina Pala AlliedOne Consulting is a management consulting service www.alliedoneconsulting. specializing in IT Strategy and leadership, as well as Cyber com Security. Animikii Web Design Company Jeff Ward Animikii is a web-services company building custom soft- www.animikii.com (Animikii ware, web-applications and websites. They work with lead- Gwewinzenhs) ing Indigenous groups across North America to leverage technology for social, economic and cultural initiatives. As a 100% Indigenous-owned technology company, Animikii works with their clients to implement solutions that amplify these efforts and achieve better outcomes for Indigenous people in these areas. Atrue Cleaning Commercial & Trudee Paul Atrue Cleaning is a local Indigenous owned cleaning compa- https:// Residential Cleaner ny specializing in commercial & residential cleaning, includ- www.facebook.com/ ing Airbnb rentals. trudeescleaning/ Brandigenous Corporate Branding Jarid Taylor Brandigenous is a custom branded merchandise supplier, www.facebook.com/ crafting authentic marketing merch with an emphasis of brandigenous/ quality over quantity. 2 Company Name Business Type Contact Details Website Brianna Marie Dick Artist- Songhees Nation Brianna Dick Brianna Dick is from the Songhees/Lekwungen Nation in N/A Tealiye Victoria through her father's side with roots to the Namgis Kwakwaka'wakw people in Alert Bay through her mother's side. -
Native American Origins of Modern Lacrosse Jeffrey Carey Clemson University, [email protected]
Clemson University TigerPrints All Theses Theses 8-2012 New Directions of Play: Native American Origins of Modern Lacrosse Jeffrey Carey Clemson University, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://tigerprints.clemson.edu/all_theses Part of the History Commons Recommended Citation Carey, Jeffrey, "New Directions of Play: Native American Origins of Modern Lacrosse" (2012). All Theses. 1508. https://tigerprints.clemson.edu/all_theses/1508 This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the Theses at TigerPrints. It has been accepted for inclusion in All Theses by an authorized administrator of TigerPrints. For more information, please contact [email protected]. NEW DIRECTIONS OF PLAY: NATIVE AMERICAN ORIGINS OF MODERN LACROSSE A Thesis Presented to the Graduate School of Clemson University In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirement for the Degree Master of Arts History by Jeff Carey August 2012 Accepted by: Dr. Paul Anderson, Committee Chair Dr. James Jeffries Dr. Alan Grubb ABSTRACT The purpose of this thesis is to provide a history of lacrosse from the seventeenth century, when the game was played exclusively by Native Americans, to the early decades of the twentieth century, when the game began to flourish in non-Native settings in Canada and the United States. While the game was first developed by Native Americans well before contact with Europeans, lacrosse became standardized by a group of Canadians led by George Beers in 1867, and has continued to develop into the twenty- first century. The thesis aims to illuminate the historical linkages between the ball game that existed among Native Americans at the time of contact with Europeans and the ball game that was eventually adopted and shaped into modern lacrosse by European Americans. -
An Examination of Nuu-Chah-Nulth Culture History
SINCE KWATYAT LIVED ON EARTH: AN EXAMINATION OF NUU-CHAH-NULTH CULTURE HISTORY Alan D. McMillan B.A., University of Saskatchewan M.A., University of British Columbia THESIS SUBMI'ITED IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY in the Department of Archaeology O Alan D. McMillan SIMON FRASER UNIVERSITY January 1996 All rights reserved. This work may not be reproduced in whole or in part, by photocopy or other means, without permission of the author. APPROVAL Name: Alan D. McMillan Degree Doctor of Philosophy Title of Thesis Since Kwatyat Lived on Earth: An Examination of Nuu-chah-nulth Culture History Examining Committe: Chair: J. Nance Roy L. Carlson Senior Supervisor Philip M. Hobler David V. Burley Internal External Examiner Madonna L. Moss Department of Anthropology, University of Oregon External Examiner Date Approved: krb,,,) 1s lwb PARTIAL COPYRIGHT LICENSE I hereby grant to Simon Fraser University the right to lend my thesis, project or extended essay (the title of which is shown below) to users of the Simon Fraser University Library, and to make partial or single copies only for such users or in response to a request from the library of any other university, or other educational institution, on its own behalf or for one of its users. I further agree that permission for multiple copying of this work for scholarly purposes may be granted by me or the Dean of Graduate Studies. It is understood that copying or publication of this work for financial gain shall not be allowed without my written permission. -
Toronto Has No History!’
‘TORONTO HAS NO HISTORY!’ INDIGENEITY, SETTLER COLONIALISM AND HISTORICAL MEMORY IN CANADA’S LARGEST CITY By Victoria Jane Freeman A thesis submitted in conformity with the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy Department of History University of Toronto ©Copyright by Victoria Jane Freeman 2010 ABSTRACT ‘TORONTO HAS NO HISTORY!’ ABSTRACT ‘TORONTO HAS NO HISTORY!’ INDIGENEITY, SETTLER COLONIALISM AND HISTORICAL MEMORY IN CANADA’S LARGEST CITY Doctor of Philosophy 2010 Victoria Jane Freeman Graduate Department of History University of Toronto The Indigenous past is largely absent from settler representations of the history of the city of Toronto, Canada. Nineteenth and twentieth century historical chroniclers often downplayed the historic presence of the Mississaugas and their Indigenous predecessors by drawing on doctrines of terra nullius , ignoring the significance of the Toronto Purchase, and changing the city’s foundational story from the establishment of York in 1793 to the incorporation of the City of Toronto in 1834. These chroniclers usually assumed that “real Indians” and urban life were inimical. Often their representations implied that local Indigenous peoples had no significant history and thus the region had little or no history before the arrival of Europeans. Alternatively, narratives of ethical settler indigenization positioned the Indigenous past as the uncivilized starting point in a monological European theory of historical development. i i iii In many civic discourses, the city stood in for the nation as a symbol of its future, and national history stood in for the region’s local history. The national replaced ‘the Indigenous’ in an ideological process that peaked between the 1880s and the 1930s. -
Aboriginal Knowledge and Ecosystem Reconstruction
Back to the Future in the Strait of Georgia, page 21 PART 2: CULTURAL INPUTS TO THE STRAIT OF GEORGIA ECOSYSTEM RECONSTRUCTION BTF project was based on archival research and Aboriginal Knowledge and interviews with Elders from Aboriginal Ecosystem Reconstruction communities. The main purpose of the interviews was to frame a picture of how the ecosystem might have been in the past, based on traditional Silvia Salas, Jo-Ann Archibald* knowledge of resource use by aboriginal people. & Nigel Haggan This information was expected to validate and complement archival information was also Fisheries Centre, UBC describing the state of past natural system. *First Nations House of Learning, UBC Methods The BTF project involved the reconstruction of Abstract present and past ecosystems in the Strait of Georgia (SoG), based on a model constructed at a The ‘Back To The Future’ (BTF) project uses workshop held in November 1995 at the Fisheries ecosystem modelling and other information Centre, the University of British Columbia, sources to visualize how the Strait of Georgia Canada (Pauly and Christensen, 1996). Different ecosystem might have been in the past. This sources of information (see Wallace, this vol.) paper explores the potential of integrating were used to tune and update that model. traditional environmental knowledge (TEK) of Reconstruction of the system as it might have aboriginal people in ecosystem modeling. been 100 ago was based on archival records, Methods include archival research and interviews historic documents and written testimonies, as with First Nation Elders from different regions of well as interviews carried out in three First the Strait of Georgia. -
Reconciliation Report 2019-2021
RECONCILIATION REPORT Islands Trust / 2019 to 2021 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT The Islands Trust acknowledges that the Islands Trust Areas is located within the treaty and territorial lands and waters of the BOḰEĆEN, Quw’utsun Tribes, Xeláltxw, Xwémalhkwu/ʔop qaymɩxʷ, K’ómoks, toq qaymɩxʷ, Ts'uubaa-asatx, Lək ̓ ʷəŋən (SXIMEȽEȽ, Songhees, T’Sou-ke), Lyackson, MÁLEXEȽ, Spune’luxutth, Qualicum, Scia’new, səlilw̓ ətaʔɬ, SEMYOME, shíshálh, Snaw-naw-as, Snuneymuxw, Sḵwx̱wú7mesh, SȾÁUTW̱ , Stz’uminus, ɬaʔəmen, scəẃaθən məsteyəxʷ, We Wai Kai, Wei Wai Kum, W̱ JOȽEȽP, W̱ SIḴEM, and xʷməθkʷəyə̓ m. A NEW WAY FORWARD Trust Council began fundamental work to advance reconciliation within the Islands Trust Area and within the Islands Trust organization beginning with the January 2019 special meeting of newly elected trustees. At the January 2019 special meeting, Trust Council began outlining the strategic plans of the organization and the goals for the four-year term. To mark a new way forward toward reconciliation, Hereditary Chief Bill Williams/találsamkin siýam (Sḵwxwú7mesh) and Hereditary Chief Ian Campbell/ Xálek/Sekyú siýam (xʷməθkʷəyə̓ m/Sḵwxwú7mesh) spoke to Trust Council at this special meeting encouraging them to approach their term as a journey of reflection and action toward reconciliation. They spoke of the relationship to the land and waters, paddling in the canoe together, and the responsibility that comes when working collaboratively and in mutually respectful ways. “Reconciliation requires that a new vision, based on a commitment to mutual respect, be developed.” — Senator Murray Sinclair, Chair of the Truth and Reconciliation Commission of Canada | 1 RECONCILIATION REPORT / Islands Trust 2019-2021 Foundation Documents: Reconciliation work undertaken by the Islands Trust is guided by the foundation documents tabled and adopted through commissions, testimony, and resolutions of the federal and provincial governments, Indigenous, Métis, and Inuit. -
2018-05-21 Makah Cert Petition and Appendix
No. _______ In the Supreme Court of the United States MAKAH INDIAN TRIBE, Petitioner, v. QUILEUTE INDIAN TRIBE AND QUINAULT INDIAN NATION, ET AL., Respondents. ON PETITION FOR A WRIT OF CERTIORARI TO THE UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS FOR THE NINTH CIRCUIT PETITION FOR A WRIT OF CERTIORARI GREGORY G. GARRE MARC D. SLONIM BENJAMIN W. SNYDER Counsel of Record LATHAM & WATKINS LLP ZIONTZ CHESTNUT 555 Eleventh Street, NW 2101 Fourth Avenue Suite 1000 Suite 1230 Washington, DC 20004 Seattle, WA 98121 202 637-2207 (206) 448-1230 [email protected] [email protected] Counsel for Petitioner QUESTION PRESENTED On the same day in 1859, the Senate ratified several treaties between the United States and Indian tribes in western Washington. The Treaty of Neah Bay secured to the Makah Indian Tribe the “right of taking fish and of whaling or sealing at usual and accustomed grounds and stations.” The Treaty of Olympia secured to the Quileute Indian Tribe and Quinault Indian Nation, the southern neighbors of Makah along the Washington coast, the “right of taking fish at all usual and accustomed grounds and stations.” Unlike the Treaty of Neah Bay, the Treaty of Olympia expressed only a “right of taking fish”; it did not reference “whaling or sealing.” In this case, the Ninth Circuit held the “right of taking fish” in the Treaty of Olympia includes a right of whaling and sealing. Then, the Ninth Circuit held Quileute and Quinault’s “usual and accustomed” fishing grounds under the treaty extend beyond the areas in which the Tribes customarily fished to areas in which they hunted “‘marine mammals—including whales and fur seals.’” App. -
COAST SALISH SENSES of PLACE: Dwelling, Meaning, Power, Property and Territory in the Coast Salish World
COAST SALISH SENSES OF PLACE: Dwelling, Meaning, Power, Property and Territory in the Coast Salish World by BRIAN DAVID THOM Department of Anthropology, McGill University, Montréal March, 2005 A thesis submitted to McGill University in partial fulfilment of the requirements of the degree of Doctor of Philosophy © Brian Thom, 2005 Abstract This study addresses the question of the nature of indigenous people's connection to the land, and the implications of this for articulating these connections in legal arenas where questions of Aboriginal title and land claims are at issue. The idea of 'place' is developed, based in a phenomenology of dwelling which takes profound attachments to home places as shaping and being shaped by ontological orientation and social organization. In this theory of the 'senses of place', the author emphasizes the relationships between meaning and power experienced and embodied in place, and the social systems of property and territory that forms indigenous land tenure systems. To explore this theoretical notion of senses of place, the study develops a detailed ethnography of a Coast Salish Aboriginal community on southeast Vancouver Island, British Columbia, Canada. Through this ethnography of dwelling, the ways in which places become richly imbued with meanings and how they shape social organization and generate social action are examined. Narratives with Coast Salish community members, set in a broad context of discussing land claims, provide context for understanding senses of place imbued with ancestors, myth, spirit, power, language, history, property, territory and boundaries. The author concludes in arguing that by attending to a theorized understanding of highly local senses of place, nuanced conceptions of indigenous relationships to land which appreciate indigenous relations to land in their own terms can be articulated.