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Essentials of Nursing Leadership and Management, 5Th Edition 2208_FM_00i-xii.qxd 11/6/09 6:03 PM Page i Essentials of Nursing Leadership and Management fifth edition 2208_FM_00i-xii.qxd 11/6/09 6:03 PM Page ii 2208_FM_00i-xii.qxd 11/6/09 6:03 PM Page iii Essentials of Nursing Leadership and Management fifth edition Diane K. Whitehead, EdD, RN, ANEF Associate Dean, Nursing Nova Southeastern University Fort Lauderdale, Florida Sally A. Weiss, EdD, RN, CNE Associate Chair, Nursing Nova Southeastern University Fort Lauderdale, Florida Ruth M. Tappen, EdD, RN, FAAN Christine E. Lynn Eminent Scholar and Professor Florida Atlantic University College of Nursing Boca Raton, Florida 2208_FM_00i-xii.qxd 11/6/09 6:03 PM Page iv F. A. Davis Company 1915 Arch Street Philadelphia, PA 19103 www.fadavis.com Copyright © 2010 by F. A. Davis Company Copyright © 2007, 2004, 2001, 1998 by F. A. Davis Company. All rights reserved. This book is protected by copyright. No part of it may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without written permission from the publisher. Printed in United States of America Last digit indicates print number: 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 Acquisition Editor: Joanne Patzek DaCunha, RN, MSN Project Editors: Kim DePaul, Tyler Baber Manager of Art & Design: Carolyn O’Brien As new scientific information becomes available through basic and clinical research, recommended treatments and drug therapies undergo changes. The author(s) and publisher have done everything possible to make this book accurate, up to date, and in accord with accepted standards at the time of publication. The author(s), editors, and publisher are not responsible for errors or omissions or for consequences from application of the book, and make no warranty, expressed or implied, in regard to the contents of the book. Any practice described in this book should be applied by the reader in accordance with professional standards of care used in regard to the unique circumstances that may apply in each situation. The reader is advised always to check product information (package inserts) for changes and new informa- tion regarding dose and contraindications before administering any drug. Caution is especially urged when using new or infrequently ordered drugs. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Whitehead, Diane K., 1945- Essentials of nursing leadership and management / Diane K. Whitehead, Sally A. Weiss, Ruth M. Tappen. -- 5th ed. p. ; cm. Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 978-0-8036-2208-1 (pbk. : alk. paper) 1. Nursing services--Administration. 2. Leadership. I. Weiss, Sally A., 1950- II. Tappen, Ruth M. III. Title. [DNLM: 1. Nursing--United States. 2. Leadership--United States. 3. Nursing--organization & administration-- United States. 4. Nursing Services--organization & administration--United States. WY 16 W592e 2010] RT89.T357 2010 362.1'73068--dc22 2009017339 Authorization to photocopy items for internal or personal use, or the internal or personal use of specific clients, is grant- ed by F. A. Davis Company for users registered with the Copyright Clearance Center (CCC) Transactional Reporting Service, provided that the fee of $.25 per copy is paid directly to CCC, 222 Rosewood Drive, Danvers, MA 01923. For those organizations that have been granted a photocopy license by CCC, a separate system of payment has been arranged. The fee code for users of the Transactional Reporting Service is: 8036-2208-2/10 0 + $.25. 2208_FM_00i-xii.qxd 11/6/09 6:03 PM Page v Dedication To my sister Michele: Your bravery and spirit inspire me every day. Diane K. Whitehead To my granddaughter Sydni, Whose curiosity and wonder continuously remind me of the reasons I became a nurse educator. Sally A. Weiss To students, colleagues, family and friends, Who have taught me just about everything I know. Ruth M. Tappen v 2208_FM_00i-xii.qxd 11/6/09 6:03 PM Page vi 2208_FM_00i-xii.qxd 11/6/09 6:03 PM Page vii Preface We are delighted to bring our readers this Fifth Edition of Essentials of Nursing Leadership and Management. This new edition has been updated to reflect the current health-care environment. As in our previous editions, the content, examples, and diagrams were designed with the goal of assisting the new graduate to make the transition to professional nursing practice. The Fifth Edition of Essentials of Nursing Leadership and Management focuses on the necessary knowledge and skills needed by the staff nurse as a vital member of the health-care team and manag- er of patient care. Issues related to setting priorities, delegation, qual- ity improvement, legal parameters of nursing practice, and ethical issues were updated for this edition. We are especially excited to introduce a new chapter, Quality and Safety. This chapter focuses on the current quality and safety issues and initiatives that affect the current health-care environment. In addition, the updated finance chapter and a new chapter on health- care policy will be available on the F.A. Davis Web site, DavisPlus. We continue to bring you comprehensive, practical information on developing a nursing career. Updated information on leading, manag- ing, followership, and workplace issues continues to be included. Essentials of Nursing Leadership and Management continues to provide a strong foundation for the beginning nurse leader. We want to thank the people at F.A. Davis for their assistance as well as our contributors, reviewers, and students for their guidance and support. Diane K. Whitehead Sally A. Weiss Ruth M. Tappen vii 2208_FM_00i-xii.qxd 11/6/09 6:03 PM Page viii 2208_FM_00i-xii.qxd 11/6/09 6:03 PM Page ix Contributors Patricia Bradley, MEd, PhD, RN Denise Howard, BSN, RN Coordinator, Internationally Educated Nurses Adjunct Faculty Program Nursing Department Faculty, Nursing Department Nova Southeastern University York University Fort Lauderdale, Florida Toronto, Ontario, Canada Marcie Rutherford, PhD, MBA, MSN, RN Kristie Campoe, MSN, RN Assistant Professor Adjunct Faculty Nursing Department Nursing Department Nova Southeastern University Nova Southeastern University Fort Lauderdale, Florida Fort Lauderdale, Florida Wendy Thomson, EdD(c), MSN, BSBA, RN, CNE, IBCLC Patricia Welch Dittman, PhD, RN, CDE Assistant Director of Technology and Graduate Program Director/Assistant Professor Simulation/Assistant Professor Nursing Department Nursing Department Nova Southeastern University Nova Southeastern University Fort Lauderdale, Florida Fort Lauderdale, Florida ix 2208_FM_00i-xii.qxd 11/6/09 6:03 PM Page x 2208_FM_00i-xii.qxd 11/6/09 6:03 PM Page xi Table of Contents unit 1 Professional Considerations chapter 1 Leadership and Followership 3 chapter 2 Manager 13 chapter 3 Nursing Practice and the Law 21 chapter 4 Questions of Value and Ethics 39 chapter 5 Organizations, Power, and Empowerment 57 unit 2 Working Within the Organization chapter 6 Getting People to Work Together 73 chapter 7 Dealing With Problems and Conflicts 91 chapter 8 People and the Process of Change 103 chapter 9 Delegation of Client Care 115 chapter 10 Quality and Safety 131 chapter 11 Time Management 157 unit 3 Professional Issues chapter 12 Promoting a Healthy Workplace 171 chapter 13 Work-Related Stress and Burnout 197 chapter 14 Your Nursing Career 217 chapter 15 Nursing Yesterday and Today 239 xi 2208_FM_00i-xii.qxd 11/6/09 6:03 PM Page xii Appendices appendix 1 Codes of Ethics for Nurses 257 American Nurses Association Code of Ethics for Nurses 257 Canadian Nurse Association Code of Ethics for Registered Nurses 257 The International Council of Nurses Code of Ethics for Nurses 258 appendix 2 Standards Published by the American Nurses Association 259 appendix 3 Guidelines for the Registered Nurse in Giving, Accepting, or Rejecting a Work Assignment 261 Index 267 Bonus Chapters on DavisPlus Finance Triaxial of Action: Policy, Politics, and Nursing Canadian Nursing Practice and the Law xii 2208_Ch01_001-012.qxd 11/6/09 5:54 PM Page 1 unit1 Professional Considerations chapter 1 Leadership and Followership chapter 2 Manager chapter 3 Nursing Practice and the Law chapter 4 Questions of Values and Ethics chapter 5 Organizations, Power, and Empowerment 2208_Ch01_001-012.qxd 11/6/09 5:54 PM Page 2 2208_Ch01_001-012.qxd 11/6/09 5:54 PM Page 3 chapter 1 Leadership and Followership OBJECTIVES OUTLINE After reading this chapter, the student should be able to: Leadership ■ Define the terms leadership and followership. Are You Ready to Be a Leader? ■ Discuss the importance of effective leadership and Leadership Defined followership for the new nurse. Followership ■ Discuss the qualities and behaviors that contribute to effective followership. Followership Defined ■ Discuss the qualities and behaviors that contribute to Becoming a Better Follower effective leadership. What Makes a Person a Leader? Leadership Theories Trait Theories Behavioral Theories Task Versus Relationship Motivating Theories Emotional Intelligence Situational Theories Transformational Leadership Moral Leadership Qualities of an Effective Leader Behaviors of an Effective Leader Conclusion 3 2208_Ch01_001-012.qxd 11/6/09 5:54 PM Page 4 4 unit 1 | Professional Considerations Nurses work with an extraordinary variety of people: paying attention to that,” the nurse manager told physicians, respiratory therapists, physical therapists, her. “I’m so glad you brought it to my attention.” social workers, psychologists, technicians, aides, unit Billie’s nurse manager raised the issue at the next managers, housekeepers, clients, and clients’families. executive meeting, giving credit to Billie for having The reason why nurses study leadership is to brought it to her attention. The other nurse man- learn how to work well, or effectively, with other agers had the same response. “We were so focused on people. In this chapter, leadership and followership the new record system that we overlooked that. We and the relationships between them are defined. need to take care of this situation as soon as possible.
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