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Cuticular Morphology of Anoplius Viaticus (Hymenoptera: Pompilidae) Collected from Different Altitudes of Kars Plateau

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Cuticular Morphology of Anoplius Viaticus (Hymenoptera: Pompilidae) Collected from Different Altitudes of Kars Plateau Kafkas Üniversitesi Kafkas University Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü Dergisi Institute of Natural and Applied Science Journal Cilt 10, Sayı 2, 286-295, 2017 Volume 10, Issue 2, 286-295, 2017 Orijinal Makale Cuticular Morphology of Anoplius viaticus (Hymenoptera: Pompilidae) Collected From Different Altitudes of Kars Plateau Mehmet Ali KIRPIK*1, Serdal TARHANE1, Yaşar GÜLMEZ2 1Kafkas University- Faculty of Science, Biology Department, 36100 Kars-Turkey 2Gaziosmanpaşa University- Faculty of Science, Biology Department, 6000 Tokat-Turkey (İlk Gönderim / Received: 25. 12. 2017, Kabul / Accepted: 31. 12. 2017, Online Yayın / Published Online: 31. 12. 2017) Keywords: Abstract: In this study totally 55 female samples of Anoplius viaticus (Pompilidae: Pompilidae, Hymenoptera) were collected by an insect net from different localities in Kars (1850 Anoplius viaticus, m), Kars-Kağızman (Kötek deresi 1400 m) and Kars-Allahuekber Mountains (2800 m). Altitude, Head, thorax and abdomens of the samples were photographed on an electron Cuticle, microscope (SEM) in which their hair covering and cuticle morphologies were Morphology, compared. Bristles on the head, antenna, thorax, and abdomen of the samples were Kars Plateau observed to increase depending on the altitude. 1. INTRODUCTION species which can be seen by an electron microscopy (Demirsoy, 1997). Hymenoptera, is one of the largest Members of Pompilidae family have insect order which is represented by 4000-4500 long thorny legs and their bodies are cylindrical species in the world (Day, 1988). Pompilidae shaped (Rodriguez – Jimenez and Sarmiento, family, also known as ‘spider wasps’ are 2008). Adults are usually encountered when generally dark colored (Rodriguez–Jimenez they are searching for prey on the ground or on and Sarmiento, 2008) solitary wasps in this the flowers. Female spider wasps generally order. The body cover of insects consists of a sting and paralyze spiders belonging to single row of cells of the epidermis and a Lycosidae family to provision for their larvae cuticle layer located just above it (Darry, 1979). After that, the female lays one (Wiglesworth, 1974). When it is examined by egg on the paralyzed individual by carrying it light microscopy, it seems as a flat structure to the spider nest which is dug on the ground but actually the cuticle structure is unique to (Coello, 2000). Some of the wasp larvae feed by sucking the prey’s body fluid. Most of the * Corresponding Author: [email protected] 286 KIRPIK, TARHANE & GÜLMEZ adult spider wasps take nectar from flowers of the body cover consist of four layers from Compositae, Euphorbiaceae and Umbelliferae inside to outside; the epidermis, the families. endocuticle, exocuticle and epicuticle. Head of Pompilidae, is orthognant type Although the cuticle unique to species its with two compound eyes and three ocelli. content varies by age. There is one or more sharp teeth on the Trichonemas protruding from the body mandible. Antennas located on head and wall are composed of materials that make up consist of 12 segments in females, 13 segments the cuticle. These structures are not connected in males. After female dies, cleat like curl on to the epidermis and are composed of setae antenna is the most important characteristic of (makrotricha). Setae consist of exo- and this family (Bohart and Menke, 1976). epicuticle. It connects to the cuticle with a Pompilid thorax consists of three membrane and links with the epidermis. distinct segments, namely prothorax, In this study, cuticle surface of the mesothorax and metathorax respectively. The specimens of Anoplius viaticus collected from last segment of the thorax and the first segment different altitudes, were examined with of abdomen combines and takes the name Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM). It is ‘propodeum’ (Goulet and Huber,1993). aimed to compare cuticular morphology, The abdomen in Pompilids, there are 6 including hair structure, of these specimens and visible segment in females and 7 visible determine vertical variations between them. segment in males. The first segment of abdomen, propodeum, combined with the Distribution of species in the world; thorax. The second segment forms the waist of Germany, Scandinavian countries, Baltic, the wasp. Abdomen is generally black or red Poland, Czechoslovakia, Austria, Italy, France, colored. Spain, Great Britain, Romania (Scobiol – Paladin; 1967; Wolf, 1971, 1995). 1.1. The structure of the cuticle Insect integument consists of a single Distribution of species in Turkey; row of cells of the epidermis and cuticle Adıyaman, Amasya, Ankara, Antakya, located just above the epidermis. Cuticle layer Antalya, Artvin, Bayburt, Bilecik, Bingöl, is of ectodermal origin, secreted by epidermal Bitlis, Bursa, Denizli, Diyarbakır, Edirne, cells. Epidermal cells takes a prismatic shape Elazığ, Erzincan, Erzurum, Hakkari, Iğdır, while secreting the new cuticle. Histologically, Isparta, İçel, İstanbul, İzmir, Kahramanmaraş, 287 Cuticular Morphology of Anoplius viaticus (Hymenoptera: Pompilidae) Collected From Different Altitudes of Kars Plateau Karabük, Kars, Kayseri, Kırıkkale, Kırklareli, different altitudes; which are; 2. segment of Konya, Kütahya, Malatya, Mardin, Nevşehir, antenna, mouth and mouth parts, distance Niğde, Osmaniye, Samsun, Sivas, Şanlıurfa, between eyes and the distance between ocelli. Tokat, Uşak, Van (Özbek et al., 2000; Priesner, 1-3. segment of the thorax with front leg were 1968; Kırpık, 2005). filmed. First 5 segments of the abdomen was photographed. Photographed regions of the 2. MATERIALS AND METHODS samples collected from different heights were compared in terms of their morphology and Totally 55 adult female specimens, 20 cuticular hairs overlap between ratios. from Kars-Kağızman area Kötek Stream (1400 m), 20 from Kars-Center (1850 m) and 15 from 3.1. Head: Ocellus The distance between Kars-Allahuekber Mountains (2800 m), were the side ocelli samples collected from three collected by an insect net. They were killed in different altitudes in the region, the frequency bottles containing ethyl acetate and then of sensilla, differences between the sensilla and brought to the laboratory under appropriate morphologic structure of cuticle were conditions. After identification each samples evaluated. were placed on the stubs and examined by scanning electron microscopy, (ZEISS-EVO Distance between the eyes: samples 50). Head, thorax and abdomen of three were measured from the closest distance samples collected from different altitudes were between each other eyes which are collected photographed and one of the best photos of from the areas belonging to three different each altitude has been selected. Regions altitudes. photographed in a) Head: second flagellomere, mouth parts, distance between eyes in vertex, Mouth parts: The mouth and the and distance between ocelli; b) Thorax: 1-3rd mouth parts of samples which are collected segments, front leg; c) Abdomen: 1-5th from three different regions were evaluated segments. whether there is a difference between sensilla or not. 3. RESULTS Antenna: The frequency of the hair and In this study, the photos were taken from hair type of 1. segment of the flagellum the head of the specimens collected from 288 KIRPIK, TARHANE & GÜLMEZ samples collected from three different regions digging, so the number of makrotrichia in each were evaluated. sample collected from three different regions were evaluated for whether there is a 3. 2. Thorax morphological difference or not. Third Tergite of thorax: 3. tergite has same feature for three samples and there is no 3.Abdominal tergites: First 5 segments differences in the outermost layer of the of abdomen pictures were evaluated because cuticle. For all samples, there are images there is colouring especially on abdomen. available that shows some structure of cuticles Tergite of the abdomen; it is identified are flat, some are tile-shaped. that there is direct proportion between altitude and hair covering rates (frequency), the length Front legs and Macrotrichia: In of the hair and the darkness of hair. Pompilidae family, the front legs are used in A B C Picture 1. Ocelli eye structure of samples collected from locations (A; Kağızman Kötek 1400 m, B; Central Kars 1850 m, C; Allhuekber montains 2800 m) A B C Picture 2. Distance between eyes belonging to samples collected from locations (A; Kağızman Kötek 1400 m, B; Central Kars 1850 m, C; Allhuekber montains 2800 m) 289 Cuticular Morphology of Anoplius viaticus (Hymenoptera: Pompilidae) Collected From Different Altitudes of Kars Plateau A B C Picture 3. Mouth and mouth parts of samples collected from locations (A; Kağızman Kötek 1400 m, B; Central Kars 1850 m, C; Allhuekber montains 2800 m) A B C Picture 4. Structure of antenna of samples collected from locations (A; Kağızman Kötek 1400 m, B; Central Kars 1850 m, C; Allhuekber montains 2800 m) A B C Picture 5. 1.tergite of thorax of the sample collected from locations (A; Kağızman Kötek 1400 m, B; Central Kars 1850 m, C; Allhuekber montains 2800 m) A B C Picture 6. 2.tergite of thorax of the sample collected from locations (A; Kağızman Kötek 1400 m, B; Central Kars 1850 m, C; Allhuekber montains 2800 m) 290 KIRPIK, TARHANE & GÜLMEZ A B C Picture 7. 3.tergite of thorax of the sample collected from locations (A; Kağızman Kötek 1400 m, B; Central Kars 1850 m, C; Allhuekber montains 2800 m) A B C Picture 8. Front leg of sample collected from locations (A; Kağızman Kötek 1400 m, B; Central Kars 1850 m, C; Allhuekber montains 2800 m) A B C Picture 9. 1.tergite of abdomen of sample collected from locations (A; Kağızman Kötek 1400 m, B; Central Kars 1850 m, C; Allhuekber montains 2800 m) A B C Picture 10. 2.tergite of abdomen of sample collected from locations (A; Kağızman Kötek 1400 m, B; Central Kars 1850 m, C; Allhuekber montains 2800 m) 291 Cuticular Morphology of Anoplius viaticus (Hymenoptera: Pompilidae) Collected From Different Altitudes of Kars Plateau A B C Picture 11. 3.tergite of abdomen of sample collected from locations (A; Kağızman Kötek 1400 m, B; Central Kars 1850 m, C; Allhuekber montains 2800 m) A B C Picture 11.
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