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Legal Operations, FM 27-100

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Legal Operations, FM 27-100 LEGAL OPERATIONS HEADQUARTERS, DEPARTMENT OF THE ARMY DISTRIBUTION RESTRICTION: Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited Field Manual 27-100 FM 27-100 HEADQUARTERS DEPARTMENT OF THE ARMY Washington. DC. 3 September 1991 LEGAL OPERATIONS TABLE OF CONTENTS Page ... PREFACE ................................................. m CHAPTER 1. THEJUDGE ADVOCATE GENERAL'S CORPS ......................... 1 Introduction ................................................ 1 The Judge Advocate General's Corps ............................... 1 Mission ................................................... 1 Legal Services ............................................... 1 CHAPTER 2. ORGANIZATION OF THE JAGC .................................. 7 MembersofJAGC ............................................ 7 Who Provides Legal Services .................................... 7 Field Operating Agencies ....................................... 8 Legal Services Command ....................................... 9 Staff Judge Advocate (SJA) Sections ............................... 9 Command Judge Advocate (CJA) Sections .......................... 12 Judge Advocate General Service Organizations ....................... 12 Legal NCOs and Specialists .................................... 12 CHAPTER 3. JUDGE ADVOCATE GENERAL SERVICE ORGANIZATIONS ............... 14 General .................................................. 14 Types of JAGSOs ........................................... 14 Support .................................................. 15 Regional Law Center ......................................... 15 DKlWBlJTION RFSIRICIION: Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited. DESlXUCnON NOna Destroy by any method that will prevent disclosure of contents or reconstruction of document. CHAPTER 4. OaTECTlVES AND PRINCIPLES OF LEGAL OPERATIONS ................ 17 Objectives and Principles ...................................... 17 AirLand Battle Tenets ........................................ 18 Combat Service Support Imperatives .............................. 18 CHAPTER 5. LEGAL SERVICES IN A THEATER OF OPERATIONS .................... 20 General ................................................ 20 Legal Services in the Communications Zone ......................... 20 Legal Services in the Combat Zone ............................... 23 Additional Legal Services ...................................... 25 CHAPTER 6. LEGAL OPERATIONS ACROSS THE OPERATIONAL CONTINUUM .......... 26 General .................................................. 26 Equipment Requirements ...................................... 26 CHAPTER 7. LEGAL OPERATIONS IN LOW INTENSITY CONFLTCT .................. 28 General .................................................. 28 Operational Categories ........................................ 28 Legal Operations in Support of LIC ............................... 30 CHAPTER 8. LEGAL OPERATIONS IN WAR ................................... 35 General .................................................. 35 Unified Command Legal Operations .............................. 35 heater Army Legal Operations .................................. 36 Corps Legal Operations ....................................... 37 Division Legal Operations ..................................... 38 Separate Brigade Legal Operations ............................... 38 Rear Operations ............................................ 39 CHAPTER 9. LEGAL OPERATIONS IN SPECIAL OPERATIONS ...................... 40 General .................................................. 40 Missions ................................................. 40 Duties of Judge Advocates ..................................... 40 CHAPTER 10. MOBILIZATION AND THE LAND DEFENSE OF CONUS ................. 42 Mobilization ............................................... 42 Land Defense of CONUS and Military support' to Civil Defense ............ 42 Responsibilities ............................................. 42 Legal Operations in Support of Mobilization and LDC/MSCD ............. 43 CHAPTER 11. LEGAL ASPECTS OF CML AFFAIRS OPERATIONS .................... 46 General .................................................. 46 Legal Operations in Support of Civil Affairs ......................... 46 GLOSSARY ............................................... 49 INDEX ................................................... 55 PREFACE The Judge Advocate General's Corps' (JAGC) primary mission in a theater of operations is to support the commander on the battlefield. FM 27-100 is the Army's legal operations manual. It describes the operations of JAGC units and personnel within a theater of operations. Legal operations must be flexible and responsive to the demands of unit commanders at all echelons and throughout the operational continuum, requiring legal leaders to anticipate, initiate, and provide needed legal services. This manual contains doctrine and guidance on legal operations for commanders, staffs, and judge advocates. It describes the structure of the JAGC and its units. It defines the missions, roles, duties, and responsibilities of members of the Judge Advocate General's Corps. The intended audience for this manual is commanders at all echelons and members of the Judge Advocate General's Corps Regiment. This manual reflects and supports FM 100-5, Operations, FM 100- 10, Combat Service Support, and FM 101-5, Staff Ornanization and Operations. The proponent of this publication is The Judge Advocate General's School, US Army. Send comments and recommendations on DA Form 2028 (Recommended Changes to Publications and Blank Forms) directly to Commandant, The Judge Advocate General's School, US Army, ATTN: JAGS-DDC, charlottesale, Virginia 22903-1781. Unless otherwise stated, specific gender pronouns include men and women. CHAPTER 1 The Judge Advocate General's Corps Section I b. Deter war against the United States. Introduction c. Win and terminate a conflict on terms 1-1. The theater strategic environment consists favorable to the United States if war should of a variety of conditions--political, economic, and occur. military-and a range of threats--low to high. A wide range of operations can occur in response 14. The JAGC's primary mission in a heater of to these conditions and threats. These operations operations is to support the commander on the form the operational continuum and occur within AirLand Battlefield by providing professional legal three general states: peacetime competition, services as far forward as possible at all echelons conflict, and war. FM 100-5, Operations, and FM of command throughout the operational 100-10, Combat Service Support, recognize the continuum. Army must be capable of operating effectively across the operational continuum and in any Section IV battlefield environment. Legal Services Legal operations must be equally flexible. 1-5. Legal personnel provide legal services in the Legal operations apply the AirLand Battle tenets form of professional advice, representation, of initiative, agility, depth, and synchronization support, research, training, and assistance and the combat service support imperatives of designed to resolve legal issues to commanders, anticipation, integration, continuity, staffs, soldiers, and other authorized personnel. responsiveness, and improvisation to provide The commander determines legal requirements responsive legal services to the commander. based on the mission and the law. Legal services are an element of the Personnel Service Support Section I1 (PSS) mission area and support the Command The Judge Advocate Gends Corps and Control and Combat Service Support (CSS) Battlefield Operating Systems (BOS). Three types 1-2. Reflecting the Army's strategic roles in an of legal services exist: organizational, judicial, increasingly complex world, the JAGC provides and defense. mission essential legal services in many different fields, including military justice, government 1-6. Organizational legal services sustain the contracting, claims, litigation, operational law, organization. Organizational legal services international law, legal assistance, environmental support: law, mobilization law, and more. All members of the Judge Advocate General's Corps--judge a. Commanders. The commander is advocates, legal warrant officers, legal responsible for the unit's good order, discipline, noncommissioned officers, legal specialists, and morale, and welfare. The commander must court reporters--provide professional legal services command and employ his forces in accordance to the Army. with the law. Legal personnel provide all commanders the legal services necessary to Section 111 properly execute these responsibilities under the Mission law, customs, and traditions of military service. 1-3. The Army's mission is to: b. The organization. Legal operations increase unit readiness in peace and enhance a. Provide a visible, credible, and realistic combat effectiveness in war. In peace, legal capability to support the nation's political operations ensure the organization is prepared to initiatives. mobilize, deploy, and fight. During conflict, legal operations help sustain the organization. a. Trial defense counsel are judge advocates certified by The Judge Advocate General under c. Soldiers. The key to an organization's article 27(b), UCMJ, as competent to perform readiness is the individual soldieis readiness and defense legal services. They represent soldiers morale. Legal personnel provide legal services-- before courts-martial, administrative boards, and such as legal assistance
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