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Annual Report Military Activities Corps Of NO INFORMATION CONTAINED IN THIS REPORT, WiLL BE PUBLISHED WITHOUT- PRIOR AUTHORITY FROM THE CHIEF OF ENGINEERS ANNUAL REPORT COVERING MILITARY ACTIVITIES OF THE CORPS OF ENGINEERS FOR THE FISCAL YEAR ENDING JUNE 30, 1941 ANNUAL REPORT COVERING IHLITARY ACTIVITIES OF THE CORPS OF ENGINEERS FOR THE FISCAL YEAR ENDING JUNE 30, 1941. SUBMITTED TO THE CHIEF OF ENGINEERS BY BRIGADIER GENERAL JOHN J. KINGMAN ASSISTANT TO THE CHIEF OF ENGINEERS OFFICE, CHIEF OF ENGINEERS 42/261 TABLE OF CONTENTS Section I - Personnel: Page Par. 1 Expansion of Corps of Engineers 1 2 Commissioned Officers 5 3 Warrant Officers 8 4 Enlisted Personnel, Corps of Engineers 9 5 Expansion of Personnel Section, O.C.E. 10 .Section II - Intelligence: Par. 6 General 25 7 Domestic Mapping Branch 25 8 Geodetic Branch 31 9 Information Branch 31 10 Foreign Map Branch 32 Section III - Operations and Training: Par. 11 Regular Army 33 12 Tables of Organization 36 13 National Guard 36 14 Organized Reserves 38 15 R.O.T.C. 39 16 Training Publications 41 17 Education 42 18 Equipment 48 19 Camouflage 50 20 Activities of the Engineer Board 50 Section IV ■ - Supply: Par. 21 General 52 22 Requirements 52 23 Procurement 53 24 -Storage and Issue . 54 25 Electric Power Survey 58 26 Research and Development 58 27 Financial Statement 62 Section V - Fortification: Par. 28 Plans and Development 69 29 Design and Operations 70 Section VI • - Railway: Par. 30 Railway Information 77 31 Railway Plans 77 32 Railway Equipment 78 33 711th Engineer Battalion (Railway Operating) 78 34 Defense Aid 79 SECTION I - FENSONHEL 1; Expansion of Corps,of Engineers. a. The past year has mitnessed an unusual expansion of the Corps of Engineers under the national Defense emergency program* The declared limited emergency made it inadvisable to set in motion the normal mar- time mobilisation plan mhich had been developed since 1920 but to pro¬ vide instead a Protective Mobilisation Plan* 1941* especially designed and progressively developed to establish an adequate national defense in viem of the current international situation. Normal mobilization plans for the Corps of Engineers provided that the additional regular Army officers required for the planned increase in troop units mould be met in part by drastic reduction in the number of officers assigned to military and public construction mork. For example, it mas possible during the last mar'to reduce the number of regular Army officers as¬ signed to river and Harbor mork from 71 in April, 1917 to only 11 in October, 1913. Comparable reduction mas not possible during the past year because, at the same time that a 1160 per cent expansion in Engi¬ neer troop units mas in progress, unusual additional demands mere made on the Corps of Engineers as outlined belom: "(l) Over fivefold increase in amount of.construction of mili¬ tary and public vxorks charged to the Corps of Engineers. (2) Increased demands for trained officers of the Corps of Engineers to assist other arms and services In their 'part of the national defense program. (3) Increased demands for personnel for "Branch Immaterial11 assignments such as the .,ar Department General ^taff, General Staff mith troops, Corps Area Service Commands, and foreign missions and observers. (4) Increased demands for personnel to assist other Federal agencies such as the Department of Labor, Civil Aeronautics Adminis¬ tration, The Panama Canal, and District of Columbia Commissioners. b. Increase^in Persorinel. The figures belom shorn the total increase in personnel on active duty in the Corps of Engineers during the period indicated: -1- ; OFFICERS 3 III LIS TED LIEN i T-T n i | R.A. | P.C-. j Res. ■J.O. i R.A. !i i• or • F .3. 1 .1 ... ’ ■ 1 1 1 1 1 1 ' 1 July 1, 1940 j ”810 0 |***44 12 9,654 0 319 September 1, 1941 j **-866 634 j4,203 Orv 61,500 840 16,341 * Includes 4 Philippine Scouts. ** Includes 3 Philippine Scouts. -:B;-X- of this number, 24 are on one year active duty under the provisions of the Thomason Act. Figures for September 1, 1941, are shown because it was not until that date that all Engineer units under the Protective mobilization Plan,' 1941, were activated. £. Troop Unit^Iicpansion^.. (l) In Army troop unit expansion, the percentage increase in enlisted personnel of the Corps of Engineers is greater than that of other combat branches and of the Army as a .whole. In the present ex¬ pansion, the percentage increase of the Corps of Engineers is more than twice that of the Array as a whole: ENLISTED STRENGTH, TROOPS U.3. ( ONLY Branch June 1936 June 194.1 ! 'jo Increas Corps of Engineers | 3>477 40,349 1 1,160 Infantry j ! 36,110 124,146 1 345 Field Artillery i 16,155 69,365 | 428 Coast Artillery Corps 8,129 64,768 ! 797 Cavalry 9,170 22,374 ; 249 Army as a v:hole 87,881. ! 481,020 ! 548 (2) In Nov. 191C, Engineer Enlisted strength was 8.3% of the Army In June 1939, Engineer Enlisted strength was 3.3m of the Army In June 1941, Engineer Enlisted strength was 7.0,8 of the Army (3) A comparison of the number of Engineer units of different types for June 1939 and September 1941 follows: • -2- ! Number in Existence Type of Unit f June wmo SepCrTr'BTf Sediments (C)(SqDiv) 3 21 Regiments (C) (Corps) • 2 9 Regiments (GS) 7 Regiments (Avn) 1 1 Regiment (Avn)(-1 Bn) 1 Battalions (Hegt (c))(Sq Div) 1 Battalions (Armd Div) 4 Battalions (Top) Army 2 2' Battalions (C)(Tri Div) 7 10 Battalions (Hv Pon) 6 Battalions (Sep) 8 Battalions (Avn)(Sep) 6 Battalions (./ Sup) 1 Battalions (Cam)(Army) 1 Battalions (Park) 1 Battalions (Ry Op) 1 Squadrons 1 1 Troops (Squadron) 1 1 Troops (llech) 1 Companies (Top Bn) GHQ >1 Companies (Lt Pon) 1 8 Companies (Top)(Corps) .2 5 Companies (Dep) 5 Companies (C)(Sep) 1 3 Companies (Shop) 2 Companies (Avn)(Sep) 3 Companies (D Tk) o Total Units 23 (4) The organization and expansion of the GHQ Air Force, now the Air Force Combat Command, the Armored Force, and the nucleus of the, GHQ have required Engineer personnel. d. Const rue tion_.[ork Expansion. , (1) ihile this increase in the Corps of Engineers for strictly troop units has been taking place under the expansion program, the demands upon the Corps for other v;ork has increased rather than decreased. Some of the added work is listed below: Survey and construction of Atlantic Island Bases. Survey and construction of additional air corps bases in Alaska* -3- Transfer from The Quartermaster Corps of the survey and construction of all new Air Corps posts except those in Fanama. Survey and construction of air fields for the Civil Aeronautics Administration. (2) Fivefold increase in the amount of construction work charge to the Corps of Engineers is shown by the comparative figures below: Average amount of funds allotted annually to the Corps of Engineers for construction of military and public■works for FY 1936 to 1940, inclusive. 213,657,000 Including public works, the Corps of Engi¬ neers has now been charged with emergency defense construction as indicated: divers and Harbors and flood Control funds in hand § 357,586,761 Added National Defense Construction: Rivers and Harbors . 3 29,000,000 Seacoast Fortifications , 42,360,505 Atlantic Island Bases ............ 141,073,461 Alaska (netlakatla, Yakutat, Alaskan Ry). 9,352,471 Civil Aeronautics Administration (Airport Const). 35,804,204 Air Corps Construction (Transferred to Corps. of Engineers from Quartermaster Corps) . 572,293,354 Total 01,187,476,756 e. Assi_stanee_to other Arms__andJ5ei'vices. • (1) During the period July 1, 1940, to September 1, 1941, the Corps of Engineers has furnished commissioned personnel to other arms and services as indicated below: ■ Regular Army ; Reserve Transferred I 6 ; 187 Detailed 19 978 (2) Officers assigned to duties in connection with National Defense but not under the control of the Chief of Engineers: (a) Regular Army: DUTY Duties in connection yjjth No. Officers National Defense: Assigned 1. Office, Under Sec. of 17ar 5 2. War Department General Staff 11 3. General Staff with Troops 6 4. Office, Quartermaster General 8 5. Instructors, U.S.l'.A. 11 6. Instructors, C.4G.3.S. 3 7. Foreign missions 2 8. Detail to other Branches 12 9. Bureau , of Public Relations Total. .. 59 (b) Reserve Officers: 1531 f. Assistance to £ther Federal Agen£ie_s£ t?i\ Offi np-pQ Assigned 1. Dept, of Labor, Rages & Hours 1 2. Panama Canal Civil Govern¬ ment 7 3. Civil Aeronautics Admin¬ istration 2 4. District of Columbia Commissioners 1 Total.' 11 2. Commissioned Officex^s. a. Nebular Armyu_ (1) Comparison by grade at termination of Fiscal Year 1940 and 1941: -5- j Gens. • Cols. Lt. Cols.; Iiajs. ;Capts•!j 1st Lts.i 2nd Lts.; ;Total 111 ,ni ,4 1 t 1 1 ' i S " '• ‘ "" " ' 1 1 : July 1, 1940 1 4 ; 45 j 56 ; 117 ; 237 199 I 152 i 8io* \ ; June 30, 1941 i 16 62 1 135 s 200 238 ’ 1 105 j 98 : 854* * Includes 4 Philippine Scouts. (2) Changes in the Corps of Engineers Regular Amy since last Fiscal Year: GAINS: Graduates of U.S.L1.A., Class 1941 49 Appointed under Provisions of Thomason Act 7 Honor Graduates from R.O.T.C 4 Transfers from other Branches. 2 Total. 62 LOOOIJO : Retirements ......... 6 Transfers to other Branches. ....... 6 Deaths .................. 6 Total. ............. 18 (3) Table I at end of this Section shows distribution of Regular Army officers as of September 1, 1941.
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