Table of Contents

Publisher’s Note...... vii Editor’s Introduction...... ix Contributors...... xiii

Historic Background

The Saud Family and Wahhabi Islam...... 3 The D’Arcy Oil Concession . 7 Hussein-McMahon Correspondence ...... 15 Sykes-Picot Agreement ...... 29 Balfour Declaration ...... 35 Charter of the Arab League...... 40 CIA Summary of the Overthrow of Premier Mossadeq of Iran...... 47 Baghdad Pact...... 53 Gamal Abdel Nasser on the Nationalization of the Suez Canal . 59 The Eisenhower Doctrine . 64 Sayyid Qutb on Jihad. 73 Muhammad Qutb on the Origins of Islam ...... 76 Ayatollah Khomeini on “The Great Satan”. 79

Growing Conflict & 9/11

Documents Relating to the Soviet Invasion of Afghanistan...... 87 Memos Concerning a Meeting between Donald Rumsfeld and Saddam Hussein...... 93 President George H.W. Bush on the Cessation of the Persian Gulf War. 97 The 1993 World Trade Center Bombing: Report and Analysis...... 103 From the “Clash of Civilizations” . 109 Osama bin Laden’s Declaration of Jihad Against the Americans ...... 115 News Account of the USS Cole Bombing. 130 Memo on the Urgent Need to Address the al-Qaeda Threat...... 133 Destruction of the Buddhist Statues at Bamiyan...... 139 President George W. Bush’s Statement to the Nation on 9/11...... 145 Osama bin Laden’s Video Statement. 151 Excerpts from Knights under the Prophet’s Banner ...... 155

v vi • Table of Contents

On Counterterrorism and U.S. Foreign Policy...... 162 Public Statement on the Release of the 9/11 Commission Report...... 173

War—Its Justifications and Problems

NATO Press Conference with Donald Rumsfeld. 181 Colin Powell on Iraqi Weapons of Mass Destruction. 187 Hans Blix on U.N. Weapons Inspection Efforts in Iraq...... 204 George W. Bush’s Address to the Nation on Military Operations in Iraq. 210 From The Crisis of Islam . 213 “Mission to Niger” and the Valerie Plame Affair ...... 219 Intelligence Report on Iraq’s Programs for Weapons of Mass Destruction. 223 From the Fay Report on the Abu Ghraib Prisoner Abuse Scandal ...... 229 Declaration of Abu Musab al-Zarqawi at the Execution of Nicholas Berg...... 235

The Post-9/11 World

Manning-Lamo Chat Logs ...... 243 President Obama’s Remarks on the Killing of Osama bin Laden...... 249 Snowden E-mail...... 253 U.N. Report on the Alleged Use of Chemical Weapons in the Ghouta Area of Damascus on 21 August 2013. . 259 Islamic State—Proclamation of the Caliphate...... 267 Remarks by Abdullah II of Jordan before the U.N. General Assembly...... 272 Hassan Rouhani’s Address before the U.N. General Assembly...... 277 Benjamin Netanyahu: Speech before the U.N. General Assembly...... 284 Donald Trump’s Call for a “Muslim Ban”...... 293

Appendixes

Time Line of 9/11...... 301 Web Resources . 305 Bibliography...... 307 Index...... 313