Kajian Permasalahan, Kebutuhan Dan Potensi Pengembangan Peternakan Pada Kawasan Agro-Ekologi Tambrauw, Papua Barat

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Kajian Permasalahan, Kebutuhan Dan Potensi Pengembangan Peternakan Pada Kawasan Agro-Ekologi Tambrauw, Papua Barat Agrika: Jurnal Ilmu-Ilmu Pertanian , Volume 14, Nomor 1, Mei 2020 KAJIAN PERMASALAHAN, KEBUTUHAN DAN POTENSI PENGEMBANGAN PETERNAKAN PADA KAWASAN AGRO-EKOLOGI TAMBRAUW, PAPUA BARAT CONSTRAINTS, NEEDS AND DEVELOPMENT POTENCY OF LIVESTOCK SECTOR ON AGRO-ECOLOGICAL REGION OF TAMBRAUW, WEST PAPUA Meky Sagrim1) dan Deny Anjelus Iyai2) 1) Fakultas Pertanian, Universitas Papua 2)Fakultas Peternakan. Universitas Papua email: [email protected] ABSTRAK Produksi pertanian yang dihasilkan belum dihasilkan dari produksi potensial. Produksi yang dihasilkan masih produksi minimal yang sebenarnya dapat ditingkatkan secara maksimal. Keterbatasan dijumpai pada aspek hulu dan hilir sistim peternakan. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui permasalahan, kebutuhan dan potensi pengembangan peternakan di kabupaten Tambrauw. Penelitian deskriptif dengan teknik wawancara dan observasi di Distrik Sausapor dilakukan terhadap delapan informan kunci. Pertanyaan difokuskan pada permasalahan, kebutuhan dan potensi sumberdaya alam yang dimiliki oleh peternak. Data dianalisis secara deskriptif naratif dan disajikan dalam bentuk cause-effect diagram, tabulasi dan gambar. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa terdapat empat persoalan dasar yaitu rendahnya pelatihan, tidak adanya pos pelayanan pertanian terpadu, sumberdaya manusia pada instansi teknis yang kurang, dan minimnya data potensi sumberdaya alam. Pengembangan masyarakat pelaku usahatani peternakan menjadi sentral isu dalam hal pemberdayaan/pembinaan. Sarana dan prasarana menjadi strategis untuk dikembangkan seperti kantor pos pelayanan pertanian terpadu (P3T). Sumberdaya petugas penyuluh dan tenaga teknis seperti inseminator, dokter hewan dan tenaga paramedis diprogramkan oleh Dinas Peternakan. Pembibitan Hijauan Pakan Ternak perlu dikembangkan bersamaan dengan itu klinik pembibitan ternak menjadi rekomendasi jangka menengah. Kata kunci: kebun bibit; mini ranch; multi aksesibilitas; pelayan pertanian terpadu ABSTRACT Agricultural yields do not produce from farming yields potential yet. It is lower production, which can optimally be increased. Limiting factors are hampering off-farm and on-farm livestock farming systems. The objective of doing this research is to keen on constraints, needs and developing potency in Tambrauw regency. The finding of this research was that the regency has potency in developing livestock farming. This can be done by adapting the development of livestock farming based on the land characteristic. Community development becomes central issues in the case of community empowering. Infrastructures become strategic in further development, such as integrated agricultural service 81 Agrika: Jurnal Ilmu-Ilmu Pertanian , Volume 14, Nomor 1, Mei 2020 office. The local government shall prepare human resources, such as extension officers, inseminators, veterinarians, and paramedics. The community will recommend forage seeds need to be developed and veterinary clinic in the middle term period. Key words: integrated agricultural services; mini ranch; multi-accessibility; seedling farm PENDAHULUAN sebesar 10.571, 55 km2, jika diikuti Kabupaten Tambrauw adalah oleh keempat distrik tadi. salah satu kabupaten di Provinsi Di Kabupaten Tambrauw Papua Barat hasil pemekaran dari terdapat komoditi ternak yang dapat Kabupaten Sorong yang terletak di dikategorikan menjadi komoditi yang antara 131°59’42,58”-133° dapat dipelihara dalam jangka waktu 28’02,35” BT dan 00°20’27,74”- singkat dan menghasilkan 01°22’30,36” LS (BPS, Tambrauw, pendapatan (high return) bagi 2017). Situasi ideal pengembangan peternak dan dipelihara dalam waktu masyarakat dengan usahataninya yang lama dan komoditi ternak yang yang kompleks yang ingin dicapai lambat memberikan pendapatan bagi adalah peningkatan kapasitas peternak (slow return). usahatani masyarakat Tambrauw Komoditi ternak yang yang berdampak pada peningkatan dipelihara meliputi ternak ayam, pendapatan dan kesejahteraan/kapita babi, dan kambing serta ternak sapi rumah tangga tani/ternak di (Priyanto dan Irawan, 2008). Ternak- Kabupaten Tambrauw secara ternak tersebut adalah ternak berkelanjutan dengan pemanfaatan konvensional introduksi yang belum peruntukan lahan yang tersedia yang menjadi komoditi andalan karena lestari dengan lingkungan (Fatem pemeliharaannya dilakukan secara dan Asem, 2015). Diperkirakan total ekstensif. Sistem usahatani ternak luas lahan yang dialokasikan untuk yang telah eksis dan dapat pengembangan hanya sebesar 18% dikembangkan di masyarakat dari total luas Tambrauw 5.188,64 beragam. Namun dalam km2 (tidak termasuk distrik Kebar, pengembangannya sistem usahatani Senopi, Mubrani, Amberbaken) dan ternak ini relatif belum dipetakan dan diketahui dengan baik. 82 Agrika: Jurnal Ilmu-Ilmu Pertanian , Volume 14, Nomor 1, Mei 2020 Seperti diketahui bahwa di perbaikan dan pengembangan sistem kawasan pesisir saja, dikarenakan usahatani dapat dikembangkan. Hal karakteristik edapik, sumberdaya prinsip yang perlu mendapat prioritas alam yang tersedia dan budaya adalah sumberdaya manusia masyarakat, pola usahatani ternak peternak. Sumberdaya manusia dapat bervariasi seperti yang peternak di kabupaten Tambrauw ditemukan pada distrik Sausapor masih memiliki keterisolasian dalam yang relatif mirip dengan distrik aspek faktor penunjang keberhasilan Kwoor, Amberbaken dan Mubrani usahatani ternak. namun tidak mirip seperti yang ada Keterisolasian sarana di distrik Abun. Masyarakat transportasi, informasi hulu Tambrauw adalah salah satu peternakan tentang pengetahuan penyuplai kebutuhan komoditi produksi dan makanan ternak, pertanian di kabupaten dan kota kesehatan ternak, modal usaha (Elly terdekat seperti Sorong dan et. al., 2008) dan bentuk pembinaan. Manokwari. Dengan hanya Dengan demikian sangat mendesak mengandalkan pengetahuan untuk diketahui hal-hal mulai dari seadanya, komoditi pertanian aspek, pra-produksi, produksi, pasca- masyarakat dapat diproduksi, tetapi produksi dan tata- kurang optimal. Tentunya niaga/agribisnisnya, sehingga dapat keterbatasan (constraints) masih diambil benang merahnya sebagai dijumpai pada aspek hulu dan hilir dasar berpijak dalam mendesain sistim peternakan serta aspek sarana rencana induk pembangunan dan prasarananya (Mustofa et al., pertanian di Tambrauw. Tujuan 2015) yang sangat urgen untuk dikaji penelitian ini adalah untuk solusinya. Mengetahui dan mengetahui permasalahan bidang memahami dinamika sistim/corak peternakan, kebutuhan dan potensi usahatani yang eksis di masyarakat pengembangan peternakan di yang meliputi input yang digunakan, Kabupaten Tambrauw. bagaimana input diaplikasikan di dalam proses usahatani dan output METODE PENELITIAN yang dihasilkan, maka berbagai Kajian lapangan dilaksanakan keputusan bijak dalam rangka selama kurang lebih satu minggu dari 83 Agrika: Jurnal Ilmu-Ilmu Pertanian , Volume 14, Nomor 1, Mei 2020 tanggal enam sampai dengan dua usahatani beternak, etnis non-Papua belas November pada kampung seperti Jawa, Bugis dan Flores juga Werur, Wertam dan Werbes, Distrik terdapat di Werbes. Parameter yang Sausapor. Dilanjutkan kunjungan ke digunakan adalah informasi tentang kampung Hopmare dan Kwoor, permasalahan, kebutuhan, peluang Distrik Kwoor. Kunjungan tidak pengembangan, dan pengembangan dapat dilakukan di Distrik Yembun, sarana produksi. Permasalahan Syujak dan Fef karena alasan peternakan secara khusus meliputi aksesibilitas wilayah. aspek produksi ternak, hijauan pakan Metode penelitian deskriptif ternak, manajemen dan sarana- dengan teknik wawancara dan prasarana penunjang pembangunan observasi dilakukan di Tambrauw. peternakan. Kebutuhan dan peluang Sebanyak tiga kampung di Distrik pengembangan meliputi potensi Sausapor dilakukan sampling sebagai tenaga kerja, pembinaan dan studi kasus (Yin, 2000). Pencatatan pendampingan oleh petugas teknis posisi lintang dilakukan dengan pemerintah. Sarana dan prasarana menggunakan GPS. teknis meliputi pembibitan, potensi Responden kunci yaitu aparat ranch, infrastruktur dan kondisi kampung menjadi sentral informan lingkungan hidup. untuk kondisi sosial ekonomi Analisis data dilakukan secara masyarakat. Observasi cepat deskriptif-naratif (Santoso, 2012; dilakukan untuk mendapatkan potret Asra and Sutomo, 2016; Field, et al., kondisi eksisting biofisik sistem 2012). Hasil analisis data narasi kebun. Sumber data diperoleh dari disajikan dalam bentuk diagram hasil interview dan studi pustaka analisis cause-effect (Manly and (Moleong, 1991). Respon yang telah Alberto, 2015). Hasil analisis data berpartisipasi adalah sebanyak 8 disajikan dalam bentuk gambar dan orang responden kunci dengan diagram yang dibuat menggunakan sebaran umur 30-74 tahun yang Microsoft Office Visio. bekerja sebagai aparat kampung, tokoh pemuda, pelaku bisnis pertanian dan tokoh masyarakat. Selain etnis Karon yang melakukan 84 Agrika: Jurnal Ilmu-Ilmu Pertanian , Volume 14, Nomor 1, Mei 2020 HASIL DAN PEMBAHASAN pembangunan di Tambrauw dapat Permasalahan lebih ditingkatkan. Dari hasil observasi lapang, Prasarana dan sarana penilaian (persepsi) masyarakat transportasi masih menjadi persoalan peternak tentang usahatani ternak krusial dalam jangka pendek. Hal ini yang dijalankan berada pada jawaban juga disampaikan oleh Kutsiah “ketidakpuasan” kondisi peternakan (2017) di Madura. Transportasi darat yang telah eksis. Beberapa hal yang belum memadai disebabkan oleh menjadi permasalahan umum dan prasarana transportasi yang belum khusus di kabupaten Tambrauw dikembangkan. Penyebab utama adalah rendahnya multi aksesibilitas adalah minimnya alokasi pendanaan teknis peternakan.
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