Community-Based Marine Management Foundation

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

Community-Based Marine Management Foundation Empowered lives. Resilient nations. COMMUNITY-BASED MARINE MANAGEMENT FOUNDATION Indonesia Equator Initiative Case Studies Local sustainable development solutions for people, nature, and resilient communities UNDP EQUATOR INITIATIVE CASE STUDY SERIES Local and indigenous communities across the world are advancing innovative sustainable development solutions that work for people and for nature. Few publications or case studies tell the full story of how such initiatives evolve, the breadth of their impacts, or how they change over time. Fewer still have undertaken to tell these stories with community practitioners themselves guiding the narrative. To mark its 10-year anniversary, the Equator Initiative aims to fill this gap. The following case study is one in a growing series that details the work of Equator Prize winners – vetted and peer-reviewed best practices in community-based environmental conservation and sustainable livelihoods. These cases are intended to inspire the policy dialogue needed to take local success to scale, to improve the global knowledge base on local environment and development solutions, and to serve as models for replication. Case studies are best viewed and understood with reference to ‘The Power of Local Action: Lessons from 10 Years of the Equator Prize’, a compendium of lessons learned and policy guidance that draws from the case material. Click on the map to visit the Equator Initiative’s searchable case study database. Editors Editor-in-Chief: Joseph Corcoran Managing Editor: Oliver Hughes Contributing Editors: Dearbhla Keegan, Matthew Konsa, Erin Lewis, Whitney Wilding Contributing Writers Edayatu Abieodun Lamptey, Erin Atwell, Toni Blackman, Jonathan Clay, Joseph Corcoran, Larissa Currado, Sarah Gordon, Oliver Hughes, Wen-Juan Jiang, Sonal Kanabar, Dearbhla Keegan, Matthew Konsa, Rachael Lader, Patrick Lee, Erin Lewis, Jona Liebl, Mengning Ma, Mary McGraw, Gabriele Orlandi, Brandon Payne, Juliana Quaresma, Peter Schecter, Martin Sommerschuh, Whitney Wilding, Luna Wu Design Oliver Hughes, Dearbhla Keegan, Matthew Konsa, Amy Korngiebel, Kimberly Koserowski, Erin Lewis, John Mulqueen, Lorena de la Parra, Brandon Payne, Mariajosé Satizábal G. Acknowledgements The Equator Initiative acknowledges with gratitude the Community-Based Marine Management Foundation, and the guidance and inputs of Sandra Tjan, Indonesian LMMA Network. All photo credits courtesy of the Community-Based Marine Management Foundation. Maps courtesy of CIA World Factbook and Wikipedia. Suggested Citation United Nations Development Programme. 2012. Community-Based Marine Management Foundation, Indonesia. Equator Initiative Case Study Series. New York, NY. COMMUNITY-BASED MARINE MANAGEMENT FOUNDATION Indonesia PROJECT SUMMARY KEY FACTS The Community-based Marine Management Foundation coordinates conservation, environmental education and EQUATOR PRIZE WINNER: 2008 livelihoods programming centred on locally-managed marine areas in 26 sites across eastern Indonesia. Among its FOUNDED: 2003 innovative conservation work, the foundation has supported villages in the Padaido Islands to use GPS technologies LOCATION: Eastern Indonesia, based on Biak island to map local marine resources, helping them to resist the destructive effects of commercial fishing companies. BENEFICIARIES: Fishing communities The foundation has also has mainstreamed environmental BIODIVERSITY: 26 Locally Managed Marine Areas education into schools in five different regions of Indonesia, through the design of unique conservation modules for 27 primary schools, each focusing on the species of greatest importance to the local people. In Jayapura, meanwhile, fishers have become proficient in developing home- made Fish Aggregation Devices to improve fish catches. These traditional and modern approaches have brought substantial benefits to member communities, and have often led to their adoption by local government. TABLE OF CONTENTS Background and Context 4 Key Activities and Innovations 6 Biodiversity Impacts 10 Socioeconomic Impacts 11 Policy Impacts 12 Sustainability 13 Partners 13 3 Background and Context The Republic of Indonesia’s 17,508 islands support the world’s Yayasan Pengelolaan Lokal Kawasan Laut (PLKL) grew quickly within second-highest level of biodiversity after Brazil, and are second only eastern Indonesia to encompass other areas of Papua, West Papua, and to Australia in terms of endemism, with 36% of their 1,531 species the Maluku Islands. While the catalyst for its formation was declining of bird and 39% of their 515 species of mammal being endemic. fish species numbers, the group was also founded to address the The country has a range of marine and coastal ecosystems along its need to secure local communities’ rights to access and sustainably 50,000 miles of coastline, including beaches, sand dunes, estuaries, manage their natural resources. The organization’s initial goal was mangroves, coral reefs, sea grass beds, coastal mudflats, tidal flats, to create and share a community-based, sustainable, and equitable algal beds, and small island ecosystems. The islands form part of marine resources management model for the coastal areas and small the Coral Triangle, an area containing the world’s greatest diversity islands of eastern Indonesia. This has comprised strengthening local of coral reef fish, with more than 1,650 species in eastern Indonesia institutions, supporting community-based conservation activities, alone. The threats of over-fishing and warming, acidifying, and rising assisting communities to use marine resources sustainably, and oceans have made the country a priority for marine conservation developing locally-relevant environmental education programmes. programmes. Despite having the largest economy in Southeast Asia, 13.3% of Indonesia’s 238 million people were living below the poverty line in 2010; many live in remote provinces with poor infrastructure and low levels of human development, relying on subsistence agriculture and artisanal fishing for their livelihoods. Devolving marine management to coastal communities The locally-managed marine area approach was first introduced in Indonesia as a solution to the threat of declining marine resources in 2003. During the late 1990s, the World Wildlife Fund’s Biodiversity Conservation Network worked closely with two local NGOs in the Padaido Islands, north of Papua, to promote community-based coastal management by establishing an ecotourism venture. This effort subsequently involved the Indonesian Environmental Conservation Foundation (Yayasan KEHATI). The experience of involving local communities in the conservation and sustainable use of marine resources led to the formation in 2003 of the Community- based Marine Management Foundation (Yayasan Pengelolaan Lokal Kawasan Laut), based on the island of Biak. This brought together conservation professionals, academics from Cenderawasih University, and local people in an attempt to regulate over-fishing through community engagement. 4 PLKL works alongside local communities to establish locally- managed marine areas in which fishing is regulated by zones. These regulations generally include seasonal fishing and harvesting restrictions, bans on destructive fishing methods such as the use of explosives, and establishing Marine Protected Areas that function as permanent no-take zones. The basis for these regulations has been the revival of a traditional resource management system known as sasi; the reintroduction of this community-based approach to regulating fishing practices aims at both conserving certain key species and ecosystems and sustainably managing fishing stocks for local fishermen. As of 2011, PLKL had assisted in establishing 26 fully operational Locally-Managed Marine Areas (LMMAs). Their work has led to the substantial recovery of key species populations and increases in fishing stocks. Alongside its marine management work, PLKL has also worked closely with universities and schools to develop environmental curricula that raise awareness of important local conservation priorities and promote effective marine resource management. In total, PLKL is currently engaged in more than 50 conservation, education and livelihoods projects. Partnerships with the World Wildlife Foundation and The Nature Conservancy have allowed the organization to substantially and rapidly increase its influence within eastern Indonesia since 2007 through the replication of its LMMA and educational models. PLKL has also played a key role in the LMMA Network in southern Asia and the Pacific, working closely with LMMA projects in the Philippines, Palau, the Federated States of Micronesia, Papua New Guinea, the Solomon Islands, Fiji, and Vanuatu. Fig. 1: Community-Based Marine Management Foundation sites Source: Community-Based Marine Management Foundation 5 Key Activities and Innovations PLKL’s activities are categorized into three programme areas: as community outreach and organizing; participatory planning; conservation, environmental education, and livelihoods. identification of the community’s vision, target resources, threats, and solutions; development of measurable objectives; community Conservation Programme mapping of natural resources; and creation of culturally appropriate and scientifically valid LMMAs andsasi areas. PLKL also facilitates The conservation programme consists of establishing Locally- networking and knowledge sharing between the different LMMA Managed Marine Areas in partnership with community-based sites. This is conducted through
Recommended publications
  • From the Jungles of Sumatra and the Beaches of Bali to the Surf Breaks of Lombok, Sumba and Sumbawa, Discover the Best of Indonesia
    INDONESIAThe Insiders' Guide From the jungles of Sumatra and the beaches of Bali to the surf breaks of Lombok, Sumba and Sumbawa, discover the best of Indonesia. Welcome! Whether you’re searching for secluded surf breaks, mountainous terrain and rainforest hikes, or looking for a cultural surprise, you’ve come to the right place. Indonesia has more than 18,000 islands to discover, more than 250 religions (only six of which are recognised), thousands of adventure activities, as well as fantastic food. Skip the luxury, packaged tours and make your own way around Indonesia with our Insider’s tips. & Overview Contents MALAYSIA KALIMANTAN SULAWESI Kalimantan Sumatra & SUMATRA WEST PAPUA Jakarta Komodo JAVA Bali Lombok Flores EAST TIMOR West Papua West Contents Overview 2 West Papua 23 10 Unique Experiences A Nomad's Story 27 in Indonesia 3 Central Indonesia Where to Stay 5 Java and Central Indonesia 31 Getting Around 7 Java 32 & Java Indonesian Food 9 Bali 34 Cultural Etiquette 1 1 Nusa & Gili Islands 36 Sustainable Travel 13 Lombok 38 Safety and Scams 15 Sulawesi 40 Visa and Vaccinations 17 Flores and Komodo 42 Insurance Tips Sumatra and Kalimantan 18 Essential Insurance Tips 44 Sumatra 19 Our Contributors & Other Guides 47 Kalimantan 21 Need an Insurance Quote? 48 Cover image: Stocksy/Marko Milovanović Stocksy/Marko image: Cover 2 Take a jungle trek in 10 Unique Experiences Gunung Leuser National in Indonesia Park, Sumatra Go to page 20 iStock/rosieyoung27 iStock/South_agency & Overview Contents Kalimantan Sumatra & Hike to the top of Mt.
    [Show full text]
  • A Floristic Study of Halmahera, Indonesia Focusing on Palms (Arecaceae) and Their Eeds Dispersal Melissa E
    Florida International University FIU Digital Commons FIU Electronic Theses and Dissertations University Graduate School 5-24-2017 A Floristic Study of Halmahera, Indonesia Focusing on Palms (Arecaceae) and Their eedS Dispersal Melissa E. Abdo Florida International University, [email protected] DOI: 10.25148/etd.FIDC001976 Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.fiu.edu/etd Part of the Biodiversity Commons, Botany Commons, Environmental Studies Commons, and the Other Ecology and Evolutionary Biology Commons Recommended Citation Abdo, Melissa E., "A Floristic Study of Halmahera, Indonesia Focusing on Palms (Arecaceae) and Their eS ed Dispersal" (2017). FIU Electronic Theses and Dissertations. 3355. https://digitalcommons.fiu.edu/etd/3355 This work is brought to you for free and open access by the University Graduate School at FIU Digital Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in FIU Electronic Theses and Dissertations by an authorized administrator of FIU Digital Commons. For more information, please contact [email protected]. FLORIDA INTERNATIONAL UNIVERSITY Miami, Florida A FLORISTIC STUDY OF HALMAHERA, INDONESIA FOCUSING ON PALMS (ARECACEAE) AND THEIR SEED DISPERSAL A dissertation submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY in BIOLOGY by Melissa E. Abdo 2017 To: Dean Michael R. Heithaus College of Arts, Sciences and Education This dissertation, written by Melissa E. Abdo, and entitled A Floristic Study of Halmahera, Indonesia Focusing on Palms (Arecaceae) and Their Seed Dispersal, having been approved in respect to style and intellectual content, is referred to you for judgment. We have read this dissertation and recommend that it be approved. _______________________________________ Javier Francisco-Ortega _______________________________________ Joel Heinen _______________________________________ Suzanne Koptur _______________________________________ Scott Zona _______________________________________ Hong Liu, Major Professor Date of Defense: May 24, 2017 The dissertation of Melissa E.
    [Show full text]
  • Report on Biodiversity and Tropical Forests in Indonesia
    Report on Biodiversity and Tropical Forests in Indonesia Submitted in accordance with Foreign Assistance Act Sections 118/119 February 20, 2004 Prepared for USAID/Indonesia Jl. Medan Merdeka Selatan No. 3-5 Jakarta 10110 Indonesia Prepared by Steve Rhee, M.E.Sc. Darrell Kitchener, Ph.D. Tim Brown, Ph.D. Reed Merrill, M.Sc. Russ Dilts, Ph.D. Stacey Tighe, Ph.D. Table of Contents Table of Contents............................................................................................................................. i List of Tables .................................................................................................................................. v List of Figures............................................................................................................................... vii Acronyms....................................................................................................................................... ix Executive Summary.................................................................................................................... xvii 1. Introduction............................................................................................................................1- 1 2. Legislative and Institutional Structure Affecting Biological Resources...............................2 - 1 2.1 Government of Indonesia................................................................................................2 - 2 2.1.1 Legislative Basis for Protection and Management of Biodiversity and
    [Show full text]
  • Indigenous Knowledge and Practices for Marine Ecotourism Development in Misool, Raja Ampat, Indonesia
    INDIGENOUS KNOWLEDGE AND PRACTICES FOR MARINE ECOTOURISM DEVELOPMENT IN MISOOL, RAJA AMPAT, INDONESIA By: Nurdina Prasetyo A thesis submitted for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy at the University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand February 2019 No matter how important local and national knowledge is within a specific spatial context, unless it is conveyed in English it has little chance to enter the global marketplace and be reproduced and recirculated. Somewhat ironically, given the desire to give voice to local and Indigenous perspectives, unless that voice can be spoken in English it is likely not to be heard. (Hall, 2013, p. 608) ABSTRACT This doctoral study examines the complexities of integrating Indigenous knowledge and practices into sustainable marine ecotourism development, with a focus on the case study of Misool, Raja Ampat, in West Papua Province, Indonesia. The research addresses the knowledge gaps on integrating Indigenous knowledge into marine ecotourism initiatives. Indigenous knowledge is often neglected as a key source of information, undervalued from the perspective of Western scientific knowledge, even though utilising Indigenous knowledge helps to increase the sustainability of development efforts and contributes to the empowerment of local communities. Literature on marine ecotourism shows an almost total absence of studies that draw from Indigenous knowledge, yet, local community participation is underlined as one of the most important factors in sustainable marine ecotourism development. This thesis thus aims to contribute new insights on how Indigenous knowledge can be optimally integrated or applied in marine ecotourism development. Misool is one of the islands in Raja Ampat which attracts scuba divers and marine tourists from around the world, due to its abundance marine life.
    [Show full text]
  • Indonesia-11-Contents.Pdf
    ©Lonely Planet Publications Pty Ltd Indonesia Sumatra Kalimantan p490 p586 Sulawesi Maluku p636 p407 Papua p450 Java p48 Nusa Tenggara p302 Bali p197 THIS EDITION WRITTEN AND RESEARCHED BY Loren Bell, Stuart Butler, Trent Holden, Anna Kaminski, Hugh McNaughtan, Adam Skolnick, Iain Stewart, Ryan Ver Berkmoes PLAN YOUR TRIP ON THE ROAD Welcome to Indonesia . 6 JAVA . 48 Imogiri . 127 Indonesia Map . 8 Jakarta . 52 Gunung Merapi . 127 Solo (Surakarta) . 133 Indonesia’s Top 20 . 10 Thousand Islands . 73 West Java . 74 Gunung Lawu . 141 Need to Know . 20 Banten . 74 Semarang . 144 What’s New . 22 Gunung Krakatau . 77 Karimunjawa Islands . 154 If You Like… . 23 Bogor . 79 East Java . 158 Cimaja . 83 Surabaya . 158 Month by Month . 26 Cibodas . 85 Pulau Madura . 166 Itineraries . 28 Cianjur . 86 Sumenep . 168 Outdoor Adventures . 32 Bandung . 87 Malang . 169 Probolinggo . 182 Travel with Children . 43 Pangandaran . 96 Central Java . 102 Ijen Plateau . 188 Regions at a Glance . 45 Borobudur . 106 Meru Betiri National Park . 191 Yogyakarta . 111 PETE SEAWARD/GETTY IMAGES © IMAGES SEAWARD/GETTY PETE Contents BALI . 197 Candidasa . 276 MALUKU . 407 South Bali . 206 Central Mountains . 283 North Maluku . 409 Kuta & Legian . 206 Gunung Batur . 284 Pulau Ternate . 410 Seminyak & Danau Bratan . 287 Pulau Tidore . 417 Kerobokan . 216 North Bali . 290 Pulau Halmahera . 418 Canggu & Around . .. 225 Lovina . .. 292 Pulau Ambon . .. 423 Bukit Peninsula . .229 Pemuteran . .. 295 Kota Ambon . 424 Sanur . 234 Gilimanuk . 298 Lease Islands . 431 Denpasar . 238 West Bali . 298 Pulau Saparua . 431 Nusa Lembongan & Pura Tanah Lot . 298 Pulau Molana . 433 Islands . 242 Jembrana Coast . 301 Pulau Seram .
    [Show full text]
  • West Papua – Birds-Of-Paradise and Endemics of the Arfaks and Waigeo
    INDONESIA: WEST PAPUA – BIRDS-OF-PARADISE AND ENDEMICS OF THE ARFAKS AND WAIGEO 03 – 14 AUGUST 2022 03 – 14 AUGUST 2023 Wilson’s Bird-of-paradise is often considered one of the best-looking birds in the world! www.birdingecotours.com [email protected] 2 | ITINERARY Indonesia: West Papua – Arfak and Waigeo New Guinea is a geographic rather than political term that refers to the main island in the region. The western half of the island of New Guinea comprises the Indonesian provinces of West Papua (Papua Barat) and Papua, collectively once called West Irian or Irian Jaya; the eastern half of the main island of New Guinea comprises the country of Papua New Guinea. We will be based in West Papua for this exhilarating, small-group birding adventure. Aside from the large landmass of New Guinea, the New Guinea region includes numerous small islands (some part of Indonesia and others part of Papua New Guinea), and we will visit one of these areas: Waigeo, part of the Raja Ampat Archipelago in West Papua (also known as the Northwestern Islands). Approximately 680 bird species have been recorded from West Papua, from slightly more than 700 for the whole New Guinea region. Some 550 species are considered breeding residents, with 279 New Guinea endemics (found in Indonesia and/or Papua New Guinea) and at least an additional 42 endemics found only in West Papua. There are also over 115 Palearctic and Australian migrant species and a range of seabirds which spend some of their time in West Papua. This tour will begin in the town of Manokwari, situated on the north-eastern tip of West Papua's Bird's Head (or Vogelkop) Peninsula where we could get our tour started with the gorgeous Lesser Bird-of-paradise, this area is usually great for Blyth’s Hornbill and numerous fruit doves.
    [Show full text]
  • Indonesia 12
    ©Lonely Planet Publications Pty Ltd Indonesia Sumatra Kalimantan p509 p606 Sulawesi Maluku p659 p420 Papua p464 Java p58 Nusa Tenggara p320 Bali p212 David Eimer, Paul Harding, Ashley Harrell, Trent Holden, Mark Johanson, MaSovaida Morgan, Jenny Walker, Ray Bartlett, Loren Bell, Jade Bremner, Stuart Butler, Sofia Levin, Virginia Maxwell PLAN YOUR TRIP ON THE ROAD Welcome to Indonesia . 6 JAVA . 58 Malang . 184 Indonesia Map . 8 Jakarta . 62 Around Malang . 189 Purwodadi . 190 Indonesia’s Top 20 . 10 Thousand Islands . 85 West Java . 86 Gunung Arjuna-Lalijiwo Need to Know . 20 Reserve . 190 Banten . 86 Gunung Penanggungan . 191 First Time Indonesia . 22 Merak . 88 Batu . 191 What’s New . 24 Carita . 88 South-Coast Beaches . 192 Labuan . 89 If You Like . 25 Blitar . 193 Ujung Kulon Month by Month . 27 National Park . 89 Panataran . 193 Pacitan . 194 Itineraries . 30 Bogor . 91 Around Bogor . 95 Watu Karang . 195 Outdoor Adventures . 36 Cimaja . 96 Probolinggo . 195 Travel with Children . 52 Cibodas . 97 Gunung Bromo & Bromo-Tengger-Semeru Regions at a Glance . 55 Gede Pangrango National Park . 197 National Park . 97 Bondowoso . 201 Cianjur . 98 Ijen Plateau . 201 Bandung . 99 VANY BRANDS/SHUTTERSTOCK © BRANDS/SHUTTERSTOCK VANY Kalibaru . 204 North of Bandung . 105 Jember . 205 Ciwidey & Around . 105 Meru Betiri Bandung to National Park . 205 Pangandaran . 107 Alas Purwo Pangandaran . 108 National Park . 206 Around Pangandaran . 113 Banyuwangi . 209 Central Java . 115 Baluran National Park . 210 Wonosobo . 117 Dieng Plateau . 118 BALI . 212 Borobudur . 120 BARONG DANCE (P275), Kuta & Southwest BALI Yogyakarta . 124 Beaches . 222 South Coast . 142 Kuta & Legian . 222 Kaliurang & Kaliadem . 144 Seminyak .
    [Show full text]
  • Population Estimation of Rusa Deer and Hunting Patterns in Tanah Papua, Indonesia
    Implemented by: Bekerja sama dengan: Population Estimation of Rusa Deer and Hunting Patterns in Tanah Papua, Indonesia An Indonesian – German Expert Dialogue on the Forest Administration Set-Up in the Federal Republic of Germany 1 Population Estimation of Rusa Deer and Hunting Patterns in Tanah Papua, Indonesia Based on the recent field study in collaboration between the University of Göttingen Germany and GIZ Published by: Deutsche Gesellschaft für Internationale Zusammenarbeit (GIZ) GmbH FORCLIME Forests and Climate Change Programme Manggala Wanabakti Building, Block VII, 6th Floor Jln. Jenderal Gatot Subroto, Jakarta 10270, Indonesia Tel: +62 (0)21 572 0212, +62 (0)21 572 0214 Fax: +62 (0)21 572 0193 www.forclime.org In cooperation with: Ministry of Environment and Forestry Authors: Margaretha Pangau-Adam, Mahmood Soofi, Matthias Waltert Photo credits: Margaretha Pangau-Adam; Moses Yenggreng; Betwel Yekwam Acknowledgement: Daud Yekwam (field assistant) and Jan-Niklas Trei for GIS support Printed and distributed by: FORCLIME Jakarta, October 2020 Forests and Climate Change (FORCLIME) FORCLIME Technical Cooperation (TC), a programme implemented by the Indonesian Ministry of Environment and Forestry and GIZ, and funded through the German Federal Ministry for Economic Cooperation and Development (BMZ) Disclaimer: The views and opinions expressed in this publication are those of the author and do not necessarily reflect the official policy or position of GIZ or the Indonesian Ministry of Environment and Forestry 2 Report Contents 4 6 Executive
    [Show full text]
  • Kayaking Begin a Paddling Sojourn in Indonesia by Negotiat
    FRIDAY 02 SEPTEMBER, 2016 Kayaking Gunung Semeru, Java’s highest peak (3676m). legendary Mentawai Island breaks like Pitstops, Begin a paddling sojourn in Indonesia by negotiat- Understanding Indonesia’s compelling mix of cultures Telescopes and Bank Vaults are hugely popular with ing around the forest-clad banks of a holy mountain includes easygoing day walks around Ubud’s verdant more than a few Australian and Brazilian boardriders. lake, before sea kayaking on smooth Balinese waters, collage of rice terraces, sleepy villages and ancient or graduating to an exciting multi-day excursion in temples, or exploring the fascinating local architec- Bicycling the more remote Raja Ampat Islands. Based in the ture and valleys of Sulawesi’s Tana Toraja region. From downhill journeys through the villages and Balinese mountain village of Kedisan, C. Bali runs rice paddies of central Bali to more challenging moun- morning tours exploring the volcanic caldera of Surfing tain biking adventures, exploring Indonesia on two Danau (Lake) Batur in inflatable canoes, while further From the beginner-friendly breaks of Bali, to brand wheels is a great way to explore more leisurely and south along Sanur’s beachy coastline, kayaks can be new locations being discovered every year by intrepid travel at the same speed as the easygoing locals. hired by the hour for leisurely exploration. In the far travellers, Indonesia is a hotspot for surfers from Biking operators based in Ubud or Kintamani lead flung islands of Raja Ampat - around 2000km to the northeast - Kayak4Conservation explores a stunning archipelago of jungle-covered islands and concealed lagoons. Guided adventures include staying at local guesthouses.
    [Show full text]
  • World Heritage Sites in Indonesia Java (October 2009)
    World Heritage Sites in Indonesia Site name Entered Borobudur Temple Compounds 1991 Prambanan Temple Compounds 1991 Komodo National Park 1991 Ujung Kulon National Park 1991 Sangiran Early Man Site 1996 Lorentz National Park 1999 Tropical Rainforest Heritage of Sumatra 2004 The Cultural Landscape of Bali Province: the Subak System as a Manifestation of 2012 the Tri Hita Karana Philosophy Tentative list of Indonesia Banda Islands Banten Ancient City Bawomataluo Site Belgica Fort Besakih Betung Kerihun National Park (Transborder Rainforest Heritage of Borneo) Bunaken National Park Derawan Islands Elephant Cave Great Mosque of Demak Gunongan Historical Park Muara Takus Compound Site Muarajambi Temple Compound Ngada traditional house and megalithic complex Penataran Hindu Temple Complex Prehistoric Cave Sites in Maros-Pangkep Pulau Penyengat Palace Complex Raja Ampat Islands Ratu Boko Temple Complex Sukuh Hindu Temple Taka Bonerate National Park Tana Toraja Traditional Settlement Trowulan Ancient City Wakatobi National Park Waruga Burial Complex Yogyakarta Palace Complex Sites that have been nominated in the past Lore Lindu NP Maros Prehistoric Cave Toraja Java (October 2009) The Indonesian island of Java holds three cultural WHS, among which is the iconic Borobudur. I visited all three sites on daytrips from Yogyakarta, a city that in its Sultan's Palace (kraton) also has a monument worthy of WH status. Borobudur . Sangiran Early Man Site . Prambanan Borobudur The Borobudur Temple Compounds is a ninth century Buddhist temple complex. It was built on several levels around a natural hill. Borobudur is built as a single large stupa, and when viewed from above takes the form of a giant tantric Buddhist mandala, simultaneously representing the Buddhist cosmology and the nature of mind.
    [Show full text]
  • University of California
    UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA Los Angeles Biodiversity and Distribution of Marine Fishes in Indonesia inferred by Environmental DNA A thesis submitted in partial satisfaction of the requirement for the degree Master of Science in Biology by Onny Nurrahman Marwayana 2018 © Copyright by Onny Nurrahman Marwayana 2018 ABSTRACT OF THE THESIS Biodiversity and Distribution of Marine Fishes in Indonesia inferred by Environmental DNA by Onny Nurrahman Marwayana Master of Science in Biology University of California, Los Angeles, 2018 Professor Paul Henry Barber, Chair Indonesia is the heart of the Coral Triangle, the world’s most diverse marine ecosystem. Preserving the biological and economic value of this marine biodiversity requires efficient and economical ecosystem monitoring. This study investigates the effectiveness of environmental DNA (eDNA) to capture fish biodiversity across a pronounced biodiversity gradient in Indonesia. A total of 15,219,431 sequence reads of 12S rRNA from 39 sites spanning 7 regions of Indonesia revealed 774 Amplified Sequence Variants (ASVs). Patterns of fish diversity based on eDNA partially conformed to expectations based on traditional biodiversity survey methods, with highest fish biodiversity in Raja Ampat, with generally lower diversity in Western Indonesia. However, eDNA performed relatively poorly compared to visual survey methods in ii site by site comparisons, both in terms of total number of taxa recovered and ablity to assign species names to ASVs. This result stands in a stark contrast to eDNA studies temperate and tropical ecosystems with lower diversity. Analysis showed that while sequencing depth was sufficient to capture all fish diversity within individual samples, variation among samples from individual localities was high, and sampling effort was insufficient to capture all fish diversity at a given sampling site.
    [Show full text]
  • The Raja Ampat Islands in the Heart of the Coral Triangle
    Asia-Pacific / Indonesia Program The Raja Ampat Islands In the Heart of the Coral Triangle The Raja Ampat or “Four Kings” archipelago encompasses around 4 million hectares of land and sea off the northwestern tip of Indonesia’s West Papua Province. Located in the Coral Triangle, the heart of the world’s coral reef biodiversity, the seas around Raja Ampat possibly hold the richest variety of species in the world. Raja Ampat includes the four large islands of Waigeo, Batanta, Salawati, and Misool, plus hundreds of smaller islands. The area’s massive coral colonies show that its reefs are resistant to threats like coral bleaching and dis- ease—threats that now jeopardize the survival of corals around the Bird’s eye view of the karst islands in Misool, Raja Ampat ©Jez O’Hare world. In addition, Raja Ampat’s strong ocean currents sweep coral vancy (TNC) and its partners con- contain unique species of sponge or larvae across the Indian and Pacific ducted a scientific survey of marine stingless jellyfish. Oceans to replenish other reef eco- ecosystems and coastal forests in the Raja Ampat is also an important systems. Raja Ampat’s coral diversity, Raja Ampat Islands to document the area for large marine fauna including resilience to threats, and ability to re- rich biodiversity in the region. More nesting and foraging populations of plenish reefs make it a global priority recent surveys have confirmed 574 green and hawksbill turtles. A total of for marine protection. The archi- species of corals in Raja Ampat —an 17 species of marine mammals includ- pelago is part of an area known as the incredible 75% of all known coral ing 9 whale species, 7 dolphin species Bird’s Head Seascape, which also species.
    [Show full text]