Strategi Pembentukan Tambrauw Sebagai Kabupaten Konservasi Di Papua

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Strategi Pembentukan Tambrauw Sebagai Kabupaten Konservasi Di Papua © 2019 Program Studi Ilmu Lingkungan Sekolah Pascasarjana UNDIP JURNAL ILMU LINGKUNGAN Volume 17 Issue 2(2019) 373-387 ISSN 1829-8907 Strategi Pembentukan Tambrauw Sebagai Kabupaten Konservasi Di Papua Sepus M Fatem 1*, San Afri Awang2, Ahmad Maryudi2 Satyawan Pudyatmoko2, Jonni Marwa3, Devi Manuhua 3 & Salmon Lembang3 1,2Fakultas Kehutanan UGM Jogjakarta; Email: [email protected] 1,3Fakultas Kehutanan Universitas Papua, Jl. Gunung Salju Amban, Manokwari Papua Barat ABSTRAK Tambrauw merupakan kabupaten di Papua Barat yang menempatkan kebijakan konservasi sebagai domain pembangunan daerah. Penelitian ini bertujuan merancang strategi bagi pembentukan Tambrauw sebagai Kabupaten Konservasi. Penelitian berlangsung sejak bulan oktober-November 2017, menggunakan pendekatan SWOT untuk analisis kekuatan dan kelemahan (faktor Internal) dan peluang dan ancaman (faktor eksternal). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa Tambrauw layak sebagai Kabupaten Konservasi, dimana posisinya berada pada kwadran I. Artinya bahwa terdapat kekuatan dan peluang sebagai faktor kunci pembentukan kabupaten Konservasi. Kelayakan sebagai kabupetan konservasi juga terlihat melalui hasil analisis faktor internal dan eksternal, dimana Tambrauw dimungkinkan menjadi kabupaten konservasi dengan nilai evaluasi faktor internal 3.20 dan ekternal sebesar 2.75. Meskipun faktor kelemahan dan keterancaman memiliki potensi cukup besar, namun melalui 4 pilihan strategi yang ditetapkan diyakini akan membantu pemerintah Kabupaten Tambrauw memperkecil ancaman dan kelemahan dimaksud. Kata kunci: Kabupaten konservasi; Strategi Pembentukan, Tambrauw ABSTRACT Tambrauw regency of West Papua province, has been placing conservational policy as domain of the regional development. This study is intended to design a strategy for establishing Tambrauw as a Conservation Region. This research was conducted from October to November 2017, by employing SWOT analysis to analyse strength and weaknesses (internal factors), and opportunity and threats (external factors). The results show that the quadran I of Tambrauw regency is decent to become a Conservation Region which means that it has potential and opportunity for the establishment of Conservation Region. The feasibility of becoming a conservation region can be seen through the results’ analysis of internal and external factors with the evaluation value of 3.20 and 2.75, respectively. Despite a considerable weaknesses and threats elements, these issues could be minimized by implementing four chosen schemes by the Government of Tambrauw. Key words: Conservation Regency; Establishment strategy; Tambrauw Citation: Fatem , S. M., Awang, S. A., Maryudi, A., Pudyatmoko, S., Marwa, J., Manuhua, D., dan Lembang, S. (2019). Strategi Pembentukan Tambrauw Sebagai Kabupaten Konservasi Di Papua. Jurnal Ilmu Lingkungan, 17(2),373-387, doi:10.14710/jil.17.2.373-387 1. Pendahuluan 1993). Bersamaan dengan kongres tersebut, pemerintah Indonesia mendeklarasikan 11 1.1. Latar Belakang taman nasional (Soemarwoto, 2004). Era ini menjadi tonggak awal dikenalkannya taman Istilah hutan konservasi di Indonesia nasional di Indonesia, namun masih mengadopsi merujuk pada suatu kawasan hutan yang pola pengelolaan dari Taman Nasional diproteksi atau dilindungi. Proteksi atau Yellowstone, yang mengedepankan pendekatan perlindungan tersebut bertujuan untuk pengamanan (security approach) dengan melestarikan hutan dan kehidupan yang ada menggutamakan kepentingan konservasi diatas didalamnya agar bisa menjalankan fungsinya segalanya (Jepson dan Whittaker, 2002) secara maksimal. Titik awal sejarah konservasi Pengertian hutan konservasi menurut di Indonesia dimulai sejak kongres ke 3 Taman Undang-Undang No.41 Tahun 1999 Tentang Nasional dan kawasan yang dilindungi sedunia Kehutanan adalah kawasan hutan dengan ciri pada oktober 1982 di Bali (Mackinnon et al khas tertentu, yang mempunyai fungsi pokok 373 Jurnal Ilmu Lingkungan (2019), 17 (2): 373-387, ISSN 1829-8907 pengawetan keanekaragaman tumbuhan dan pilihan politik dimana telah tertuang dalam misi satwa serta ekosistemnya. Hutan konservasi kelima yakni Menjaga Lingkungan dengan terdiri dari: Kawasan Hutan Suaka Alam (KSA) menetapkan Tambrauw sebagai kabupaten berupa Cagar Alam, dan Suaka Margasatwa; konservasi (Asem et al, 2013; Bappeda Kawasan Hutan Pelestarian Alam (KPA) berupa Tambrauw 2014; Fatem dan Asem, 2015; Fatem Taman Nasional, Taman Hutan Raya (Tahura) et all 2018). dan Taman Wisata Alam (TWA) dan taman buru. Kabupaten Konservasi adalah wilayah Kawasan Hutan Suaka Alam adalah hutan administrasi pemerintahan yang melaksanakan dengan ciri khas tertentu yang mempunyai pembangunan mengacu upaya pelestarian, fungsi pokok sebagai kawasan pengawetan perlindungan serta pemanfaatan keanekaragaman tumbuhan dan satwa serta keanekaragaman hayati dan ekosistem pemanfaatan secara lestari sumber daya alam (Kartodiharjo, 2005). Definisi ini kemudian hayati dan ekosistimnya. Papua, sejak tahun dikembangkan dengan pengertian yakni sebuah 1990 menjadi tonggak awal gerakan konservasi tatakelola pemerintahan adaptif yang dimulai. Diduga kuat bahwa pembentukan melaksanakan pembangunan bertumpu pada kawasan konservasi di wilayah ini tidak terlepas upaya konservasi aspek sosial- budaya, ekonomi dari potensi Papua sebagai salahsatu wilayah dan ekologi (Fatem, 2018). Kebijakan ini akan tropis terbesar keragaman hayati dan budaya mewajibkan sebuah kerangka kerja pemerintah yang tinggi di dunia (Petocz 1989; yang mendukung mata pencaharian lokal, Wikramanayake 2001). Berbagai usulan memfasilitasi pertumbuhan ekonomi, dan penetapan kawasan konservasi ini mendapat melindungi keanekaragan hayati yang signifikan pengaruh dari berbagai aktor internasional secara global, serta jasa ekosistem (termasuk seperti IUCN, WWF dan CI. penyerapan karbon). Komitmen Kabupaten Tambrauw sebagai 1.2. Rumusan Masalah Kabupaten Konservasi memberikan peluang yang strategis bagi pemerintah daerah, provinsi Tambrauw merupakan Kabupaten maupun pusat untuk memastikan agar pemekaran di Papua Barat sejak tahun 2008 pengelolaan sumberdaya alam sebagai modal dengan luas wilayah 11.529,182 Km2, terletak di pembangunan dapat diselenggarakan secara bagian utara wilayah Kepala Burung utara berkelanjutan serta memberikan manfaat yang Provinsi Papua Barat. Wilayah ini merupakan adil bagi masyarakat, terutama masyarakat adat kabupaten dengan kawasan hutan yang sangat antar generasi. luas dengan proporsi hutan konservasi dan Meskipun komitmen politik pemerintah hutan lindung hingga 80 % sesuai Surat Kabupaten Tambrauw cukup tinggi, namun Keputusan Menteri Kehutanan Nomor munculah pertanyaan lanjutan sejauh mana 783/II/2014 tentang peta fungsi hutan Provinsi daerah memiliki strategi dalam Papua Barat (Bappeda Tambrauw, 2014). mengimplementasikan kebijakan kabupaten Disisi lain, secara budaya dan adat istiadat, konservasi tersebut. Berdasarkan argumentasi Pegunungan Tambrauw merupakan rumah dan fakta diatas, maka dipandang perlu tradisional suku-suku asli dan pusat peradaban dilakukan penelitian guna menganalisis faktor- ‘’Pendidikan Inisiasi Wuon ‘’ sebagai praktek faktor kunci apa saja yang paling berpenggaruh konservasi alam secara tradisional di kepala dari semua aspek yang ada untuk burung Papua. Hubungan ini bersifat timbal mengembangkan Tambrauw sebagai Kabupaten balik bahkan mistik dan tidak dapat dipisahkan Konservasi. dari kehidupan ketradisionalan, sehingga hutan dansegala isinya sangat dijaga dan dihargai 1.3. Tujuan eksistensinya oleh suku asli. Dengan wilayah yang luas, kekayaan sumber daya alam yang Berdasarkan latar belakang dan masalah melimpah, keragaman budaya dan penghidupan yang telah diuraikan diatas maka penelitian ini masyarakat yang hidup didalamnya, Tambrauw bertujuan untuk: menjadi bagian di Papua yang menantang untuk 1. Menganalisis faktor internal dan faktor dikelola dalam rangka mewujudkan manfaat eksternal yang berpotensi berpengaruh pembangunan bagi masyarakat. terhadap pembentukan Tambrauw Fakta diatas mendorong pemerintah Daerah sebagai Kabupaten Konservasi terus berupaya untuk menemukan bentuk 2. Menyusun strategibagi pembentukan pengaturan pengelolaan sumber daya alam yang Tambrauw sebagai Kabupaten baik, berkelanjutan dan bermanfaat yang Konservasi terintegrasi melalui tata kelola pemerintahan. Oleh sebab itu Kabupaten konservasi menjadi 374 © 2019, Program Studi Ilmu Lingkungan Sekolah Pascasarjana UNDIP Jurnal Ilmu Lingkungan (2019), 17 (2): 373-387, ISSN 1829-8907 2. Metodologi Penelitian Pengambilan data dilakukan di pada 76 2.1. Lokasi dan Waktu responden dari 11 kampung dari 7 Penelitian dilaksanakan di Kabupaten distrik di Kabupaten Tambrauw. Tambrauw, Povinsi Papua Barat, sebagaimana dapat dilihat pada Gambar 2.2. Objek dan Subjek Penelitian 1. Sedangkan penelitian dilakukan dari Objek penelitian adalah kebijakan Bulan Oktober - Desember 2017. Tambarauw sebagai Kabupaten Kampung dan distrik pengambilan data Konservasi. Sedangkan subjek tersaji pada gambar 1 peta. penelitian dapat dilihat pada tabel 1. Gambar 1. Peta Lokasi Penelitian Tabel 1. Jumlah Responden Penelitian Kelompok Jumlah Responden Masyarakat adat 40 orang PNS (Provinsi/kabupaten Tambrauw/Akademisi) 30 orang Pimpinan Lembaga Swadaya Masyarakat (NGO) 6 orang Jumlah 76 orang sosial-ekonomi. Sedangkan data sekunder 1.1. Pengumpulan dan Analisis Data berupa dokumen diperoleh dari instasi pemerintah di Kabupaten Tambrauw yang Data yang di kumpulkan meliputi data primer berkaitan dengan Tambrauw sebagai Kabupaten dan data sekunder. Data primer dikumpulkan Konservasi, seperti;
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