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Peran Distrik Dalam Meningkatkan Kapasitas PERAN DISTRIK DALAM MENINGKATKAN KAPASITAS APARATUR PEMERINTAH KAMPUNG DI DISTRIK SAUSAPOR KABUPATEN TAMBRAUW (Penelitian di Kampung Sauoryan, Bondek, dan Emaus) TESIS Untuk Memenuhi Sebagian Persyaratan Mencapai Derajat Magister pada Program Studi Ilmu Pemerintahan Konsentrasi: Pemerintahan Daerah Oleh: FERDINAND MOFU NIM: 17610058 PROGRAM MAGISTER SEKOLAH TINGGI PEMBANGUNAN MASYARAKAT DESA “APMD” YOGYAKARTA 2019 i Halaman Persembahan Tesis ini saya persembahkan untuk: 1. Istri tersayang Filce Selvia Krey 2. Anak-anak: a. Nelce Mofu, AMK b. Domi Mofu, SE c. Abednego Mofu, ST d. Aksamina Mofu e. Thom Flice Mofu. 3. Cucu-cucu: a. Fernando Mofu b. Tiago Mofu c. Paris Kmur d. Insos Aiwo Mofu e. Nona Elvira Mofu Terimakasih atas doa, semangat, dan dukungan sehingga saya bisa menyelesaikan Tesis ini. iv Motto Aku akan tetap berdoa dan bersyukur dalam segala hal, sebab itulah yang dikehendaki Allah dalam Kristus Yesus bagi aku (I Tesalonika 5: 17 dan 18) v KATA PENGANTAR Puji syukur kehadirat Tuhan Yang Maha Kuasa yang telah memberikan kekuatan kepada saya sehingga saya dapat menyelesaikan tesis yang berjudul Peran Distrik dalam Meningkatkan Kapasitas Aparatur Pemerintah Kampung di Distrik Sausapor Kabupaten Tambrauw (Penelitian di Kampung Sauoryan, Bondek, dan Emaus), sebagai persyaratan akademis untuk menyelesaikan studi di Program Studi Magister Ilmu Pemerintahan Konsentrasi Pemerintahan Daerah, Sekolah Tinggi Pembangunan Masyarakat Desa “APMD” Yogyakarta. Tesis ini merupakan karya yang menggambarkan semangat banyak pihak khususnya aparatur Distrik dan aparatur pemerintah kampung se Distrik Sausapor, Kabupaten Tambrauw. Sehingga saya berharap karya pemikiran yang kecil ini dapat menyumbangkan gagasan kepada pemerintah Kabupaten Tambrauw khususnya dalam meningkatkan kapasitas aparatur pemerintah kampung. Oleh karena itu pada kesempatan ini dengan tulus saya mengucapkan banyak terima kasih kepada: 1. Bapak Dr. Supardal, M.Si, selaku Direktur Program Magister Sekolah Tinggi Pembangunan Desa “APMD” Yogyakarta. 2. Bapak Dr. R. Widodo Triputro, M.Si., MM, sebagai Sekretaris Prodi Magister Ilmu Pemerintahan, Sekolah Tinggi Pembangunan Desa “APMD” Yogyakarta, dan sebagai pembimbing yang dengan penuh kesabaran mengarahkan, memberi pengertian, memberi motivasi, dan dukungan sehingga Tesis ini dapat saya selesaikan. vi 3. Bapak/Ibu Dosen Penguji I dan Penguji II, yang berkenan meluangkan waktunya untuk menguji, memberikan masukan dan koreksi demi penyempurnaan Tesis ini. 4. Bapak Gabriel Asem, SE, M.Si, Bapak Bupati Tambrauw, Provinsi Papua Barat, yang telah memberikan kesempatan kepada saya untuk menyelesaikan studi di Program Magister Ilmu Pemerintahan, STPMD “APMD”-Yogyakarta. 5. Seluruh Aparatur Distrik Sausapor, dan pemerintah kampung Sauoryan, Bondek dan Emaus yang telah memberikan bantuan sehingga saya dapat menyelesaikan studi di Program Studi Magister Ilmu Pemerintahan. 6. Seluruh Bapak dan Ibu Dosen beserta Staf/Karyawan Sekolah Tinggi Pembangunan Masyarakat Desa “AMPD” Yogyakarta yang telah memberikan bantuan sehingga saya dapat menyelesaikan studi ini. Penulis berharap tesis ini dapat bermanfaat bagi semua pihak, khususnya pemerintah Kabupaten Tambrauw, Provinsi Papua Barat. Yogyakarta, 2019 FERDINAND MOFU vii DAFTAR ISI Hal HALAMAN JUDUL ………………………………………………….......... i HALAMAN PENGESAHAN ………………………………………............ ii PERNYATAAN …………………………………………………….............. iii HALAMAN PERSEMBAHAN …………………………………................ iv MOTTO........................................................................................................... v KATA PENGANTAR ........………………………………………............... vi DAFTAR ISI .....……………………………………………………….......... viii DAFTAR TABEL .……………………………………………………......... x DAFTAR GAMBAR………………………………………………………… xi INTISARI ..…………………………………………………………............. xii ABSTRACT……………………………………………………………........... xiv BAB I PENDAHULUAN A. Latar Belakang Masalah .………………………….......... 1 B. Fokus Penelitian .………………………………............... 12 C. Rumusan Masalah ..…………………………………....... 13 D. Tujuan Penelitian ………………………………………... 13 E. Manfaat.............................................................................. 13 F. Kerangka Konseptual ………………………………........ 14 1. Peningkatan Kapasitas: Pengertian, Tujuan, Cara, 14 Tingkatan, dan Konteks…………………………….. 2. Peningkatan Kapasitas: Peningkatan Pemahaman, 16 Keterampilan dan Kemampuan……………………... 3. Peran Kepala Distrik………………………………… 19 4. Pentingnya Peningkatan Kapasitas Pemerintah Desa 21 G. Metode Penelitian ....………………………………......... 26 1. Jenis Penelitian ………………………….…............. 26 2. Obyek Penelitian ………………………………....... 27 3. Lokasi Penelitian ………………………………....... 27 4. Teknik Pemilihan Informan........................................ 27 5. Teknik Pengumpulan Data..……………………....... 29 6. Teknis Analisis Data.....…………………………..... 30 BAB II GAMBARAN DISTRIK SAUSAPOR A. Letak Distrik Sausapor…………………………………... 33 B. Sejarah Singkat Distrik Sausapor……………………….. 34 C. Penduduk Distrik Sausapor……………………………… 36 1. Jumlah Penduduk Distrik Sausapor 2016-2018……. 37 2. Penduduk Berdasarkan Kelompok Usia di Distrik 38 Sausapor, 2016-2018……………………………….. 3. Jumlah Penduduk Berdasar Agama di Distrik 39 Sausapor, 2016-2018……………………………….. D. Distrik Sausapor…………………………………………. 40 1. Visi, Misi dan Tujuan……………………………….. 40 2. Struktur Pemerintah Distrik Sausapor………………. 42 viii 3. Tugas Pokok dan Fungsi……………………………. 43 4. Kepegawaian Distrik Sausapor……………………… 50 E. Pemerintah Kampung di Distrik Sausapor………………. 53 1. Aparatur Pemerintah Kampung di Distrik Sausapor.. 53 2. Sarana Prasarana Pemerintahan di Distrik Sausapor, 54 2016-2018…………………………………………… 3. Sarana Lain Milik Pemerintah di Distrik Sausapor, 2016-2018…………………………………………… F. Kondisi Rumah Tinggal di Distrik Sausapor……………. 55 G. Sarana Pendidikan di Distrik Sausapor………………….. 57 H. Sarana Kesehatan di Distrik Sausapor…………………… 58 I. Sarana Keagamaan di Distrik Sausapor…………………. 60 J. Mata Pencaharian Penduduk di Distrik Sausapor……….. 61 K. Sarana Perhotelan di Distrik Sausapor…………………... 62 L. Sarana Olahraga di Distrik Sausapor…………………….. 63 M. Budaya Tari ……………………………………………... 64 BAB III ANALISIS PERAN DISTRIK DALAM MENINGKATKAN KAPASITAS APARATUR PEMERINTAH KAMPUNG A. Peran Distrik dalam Meningkatkan Kapasitas Aparatur 68 Kampung di Distrik Sausapor 1. Pentingnya Peran Distrik: Kapasitas Aparatur 68 Pemerintah Kampung Lemah……………………….. 2. Peran Distrik………………………………………… 78 3. Pelaku Peran Distrik: Aparatur Distrik……………… 83 4. Pelaksanaan Peran Distrik…………………………... 88 B. Faktor Pendukung dan Penghambat Pelaksanaan Peran 98 Distrik …………………………………………………… 1. Faktor Pendukung…………………………………… 98 2. Faktor Penghambat………………………………….. 101 BAB IV PENUTUP.................................................................................. A. Kesimpulan ...………………………………………........ 108 B. Saran ......….…………………………………….............. 109 Daftar Pustaka ............................................................................................... 111 Lampiran ix DAFTAR TABEL No. Judul Tabel Hal Tabel II.1 Jumlah Penduduk Distrik Sausapor 2016-2018 37 Tabel II.2 Penduduk Berdasarkan Kelompok Usia di Distrik Sausapor, 38 2016-2018 Tabel II.3 Jumlah Penduduk Berdasar Agama di Distrik Sausapor, 2016- 39 2018 Tabel II.4 Daftar Urutan Kepangkatan (DUK) Kepegawaian di Distrik 51 Sausapor Tabel II.5 Aparatur dan Kantor Pemerintah Kampung di Distrik 53 Sausapor, 2016-2018 Tabel II.6 Sarana Lain Milik Pemerintah di Distrik Sausapor 54 Tabel II.7 Kondisi Rumah Tinggal Penduduk di Distrik Sausapor, 2016- 55 2018 Tabel II.8 Sarana Pendidikan Dasar di Distrik Sausapor, 2016-2018 57 Tabel II.9 Sarana Kesehatan di Distrik Sausapor, 2016-2018 59 Tabel II.10 Sarana Keagamaan di Distrik Sausapor, 2016-2018 60 Tabel II.11 Pekerjaan Penduduk di Distrik Sausapor, 2016-2018 62 Tabel II.12 Sarana Perhotelan di Distrik Sausapor, 2016-2018 63 Tabel II.13 Sarana Olahraga di Distrik Sausapor, 2016-2018 64 Tabel III. 1 Jumlah dan Jenis Kelamin, Usia, Pangkat dan Golongan, Masa Kerja, Pendidikan, Status Kepegawaian Para Pegawai Distrik Sausapor 84 x DAFTAR GAMBAR No. Judul Gambar Hal Gambar II.1 Struktur Pemerintah Distrik Sausapor 42 Gambar II.2 Tari Sarar 65 Gambar II.3 Tari Yospan 67 xi INTISARI Peran Distrik, menurut Peraturan Bupati Tambrauw Nomor 30 Tahun 2017, membina penyelenggaraan pemerintahan kampung. Dalam implementasinya, berbagai masalah muncul. Tesis ini menjawab masalah bagaimana Peran Distrik dalam Meningkatkan Kapasitas Aparatur Pemerintah Kampung di Distrik Sausapor Kabupaten Tambrauw. Tujuannya mendeskripsikan Peran Distrik dalam Meningkatkan Kapasitas Aparatur Pemerintah Kampung di Distrik Sausapor dan mengetahui faktor pendukung dan penghambat dalam pelaksanaan peran Distrik tersebut. Metode penelitian yang digunakan: deskriptif-kualitatif, dengan obyek penelitian: Peran Distrik dalam Meningkatkan Kapasitas Aparatur Pemerintah Kampung di Distrik Sausapor Kabupaten Tambrauw, dan berlokasi di Distrik Sausapor. Adapun teknik pengumpulan datanya: observasi, wawancara dan dokumentasi. Teknik pemilihan informan adalah purposive, dengan 23 informan dan teknik analisis yang digunakan adalah teknik analisis data kualitatif. Hasil penelitian ini sebagai berikut: 1. Peran distrik sebagai koordinator, pembina dan pelayan masyarakat, yang dirinci dalam berbagai tugas, menurut Peraturan Bupati Nomor 30 Tahun 2017, dalam kenyataannya dipahami dan dilaksanakan dalam satu peran saja yaitu pembina pemerintahan kampung; sementara itu peran sebagai pengawas hampir tak dapat dilaksanakan. Namun Distrik saat
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