The Dutch Approach Towards Working Conditions for Postal Deliverers and Mailmen in the Liberalised Postal Market
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Master thesis International and European Labour Law The Dutch approach towards working conditions for postal deliverers and mailmen in the liberalised postal market Tilburg University Name: K.C. Duynisveld Email: [email protected] Anr: 259024 Examination committee: Prof.dr. A.T.J.M. Jacobs Mr.dr. W.G.M. Plessen November 2011 Preface This thesis could not have been written without the support and help of many. The following are warmly thanked: Prof. dr. Jacobs, for the inspiring conversations and his coaching; Mr. dr. Plessen, for taking part in the examination committee; Frank van der Linden (Sandd), Andries Feijen (TNT), Paul Jekkers (BVPP), Egon Groen (FNV Bondgenoten), Sharon Gesthuizen (Socialist Party), Kees Verhoeven (D66), Paul van Straaten (VanStraatenPost), Hans-Jacob Schultz (Postkom), Esther Bares (UniGlobalUnion), Gabi Stouthart (Advokatenkollektief) and WPN Postverspreiders, for taking the time to inform me on their view of the postal market; My friends, especially Annemarie Middelburg, for listening, understanding and cups of coffee; My parents and brothers, for their support; Bart, for being who he is. Kim Duynisveld Tilburg, 18 November 2011 2 Contents Preface .................................................................................................................................. 2 List of abbreviations ............................................................................................................. 6 Introduction .......................................................................................................................... 7 Chapter 1 Opening up the European postal market ............................................................ 10 Paragraph 1 European Postal Liberalisation .................................................................. 10 Paragraph 1.1 Green paper ......................................................................................... 10 Paragraph 1.2 Postal Directive 1997/67/EC ............................................................... 12 Paragraph 1.3 Directive 2002/39/EC.......................................................................... 15 Paragraph 1.4 Directive 2008/6/EC............................................................................ 17 Paragraph 2 Dealing with postal issues in different countries. ...................................... 19 Paragraph 2.1 Belgium ............................................................................................... 19 Paragraph 2.2 Germany .............................................................................................. 21 Paragraph 2.3 The Netherlands .................................................................................. 23 Paragraph 2.4 New Zealand ....................................................................................... 25 Paragraph 2.5 Norway ................................................................................................ 26 Paragraph 2.6 Sweden ................................................................................................ 28 Paragraph 2.7 The United Kingdom .......................................................................... 29 Chapter summary ............................................................................................................... 30 Chapter 2 General overview of developments in the Dutch postal market ........................ 32 Paragraph 2.1 State enterprise for postal services .......................................................... 32 Paragraph 2.2 Autonomous status for the PTT. ............................................................. 33 Paragraph 2.3 The separation of PTT Post and PTT Telecom ....................................... 36 Paragraph 2.4 Gradually opening the postal market ...................................................... 38 Paragraph 2.5 Full liberalisation of the postal market ................................................... 39 Paragraph 2.5.1 Barriers to liberalisation ................................................................... 39 Paragraph 2.5.2 Consequences of liberalisation for TNT .......................................... 42 3 Paragraph 2.6 CHEAP&GOOD! Did it get any better? ................................................. 44 Chapter summary ........................................................................................................... 45 Chapter 3 The consequences of different labour relations in the Dutch Postal Market ..... 47 Paragraph 3.1 Used labour relations in the Dutch postal market ................................... 47 Paragraph 3.1.1 General information on labour relations .......................................... 47 Paragraph 3.1.2 Reactions on the use of the contract for services ............................. 49 Paragraph 3.2 Defining the used labour relation ............................................................ 51 Paragraph 3.3 What are the consequences of working with a contract for services?..... 55 Paragraph 3.4 Minimum wage inquiry ........................................................................... 57 Paragraph 3.5 Better conditions of employment for postal deliverers ........................... 60 Paragraph 3.5.1 Trading early liberalisation for better conditions of employment ... 60 Paragraph 3.5.2 Collective agreement and AMvB ..................................................... 61 Paragraph 3.6 The outcome of the collective agreement ............................................... 62 Paragraph 3.6.1 Realised contracts of employment ................................................... 63 Paragraph 3.6.2 The assumptions of March 2009 ...................................................... 64 Paragraph 3.7 A deadlock in the negotiations ................................................................ 65 Paragraph 3.8 Ready, set, go?! ....................................................................................... 68 Chapter summary ............................................................................................................... 70 Conclusion .......................................................................................................................... 72 Liberalisation of the European Postal market ............................................................ 72 Consequences of liberalisation for working conditions in the postal market ............ 72 The situation in the Netherlands ................................................................................. 74 The approach of the government ................................................................................ 75 The approach of trade unions ..................................................................................... 77 The approach of postal companies ............................................................................. 78 The future of the Dutch postal market ....................................................................... 79 Final Conclusion ........................................................................................................ 80 4 References .......................................................................................................................... 81 Books .......................................................................................................................... 81 Articles/studies ........................................................................................................... 82 Legislation .................................................................................................................. 83 Kamerstukken ............................................................................................................. 84 European Union documents ....................................................................................... 84 Case-law ..................................................................................................................... 85 Websites ..................................................................................................................... 85 Interviews ................................................................................................................... 86 Miscellaneous ............................................................................................................. 86 5 List of abbreviations BIPT Belgian Institute for postal services and telecommunication BV Besloten vennootschap, a legal body which carries on an enterprise and of which the shares are non-transferable on the stock market BVPP Bond van Personeel PTT-Nederland, Dutch trade union BW Burgerlijk Wetboek, Dutch Civil Code CAO Collectieve arbeidsovereenkomst, Collective agreement FNV Federatie Nederlandse Vakbeweging, Dutch trade union KPN Koninklijke PTT Nederland, Royal PTT the Netherlands NV Naamloze vennootschap, Public limited company, a legal body which carries on an enterprise and of which the share are transferable on the stock market PTT Staatsbedrijf der Posterijen, Telegrafie en Telefonie, State Enterprise for Postal, Telegraph and Telephone Services SEO Stichting Economisch Onderzoek, Foundation for Economic Research TNT Thomas Nationwide Transport TPG TNT Post Group VAT Value-added tax 6 Introduction On 29 October 2010 a „Fokke & Sukke‟ cartoon appeared in the Dutch newspaper NRC Handelsblad:1 The cartoon nicely expresses the situation in the Dutch postal market. At the end of the 1980‟s the incumbent postal operator PTT (later TNT and