COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY SCHOOL OF INTERNATIONAL AND PUBLIC AFFAIRS | JANUARY 2004 SIPAnews SIPAnews VOLUME XVII No. 1 JANUARY 2004 Published biannually by Columbia University School of International and Public Affairs

From the Dean p.15

ith this issue of SIPA News we introduce the colleagues at the UN but to students, to their citizens living in p. 2 p. 32 second installment of our effort to create an the New York area (and there are always many, many of Why Reform the UN A Marathon a Day: informative and entertaining magazine of those!), and to the American public. This year, the Earth Security Council? An Iranian’s Quest this publication, once simply our alumni Institute joined us in issuing invitations to the heads of state of By Edward C. Luck p. 17 Becomes Source of newsletter. In doing so we have incorporated several countries in which they have major research projects, The Other Side of Rio Global Inspiration Wthe student magazine, known as Slant, and devoted a special while our own Center for International Conflict Resolution By Celeste Tarricone By Ladane Nasseri section to student writing. This ensures that our student writ- organized a day-long conference on Afghanistan, which p.4 ers get more exposure and that our readers get more interest- included not only President Hamid Karzai but many of the The Battle for ing (and eloquent) stories, but it also means that writers and international and American policymakers with whom his gov- the Soul of the p. 21 p. 34 contents readers alike should understand the ground rules. Within con- ernment routinely interacts. Although all the activity—the United Nations Afghan Journalism 101 Inside SIPA: ventional limits of civility, timeliness, and grammatical usage, motorcades, the Secret Service, the closed streets, the security By Dirk Salomons By Rachel Martin Faculty and we do not authorize, approve, censor, or otherwise comment screening of the audiences, the video feeds for overflow School News on the content of these articles, and we do not accept respon- crowds—taxed the resources of Columbia’s always patient and Student Voices from sibility for the views expressed there. We inaugurate a column cordial security staff, the opportunity to see and hear some of Around the World p. 25 of letters to the editor in this issue as well, however, and hope the world’s most important figures talk about their hopes for p. 40 that some of you will be moved to express any disagreement, the world was a memorable way to start the academic year. The Chechen Dilemma By Marisa Robertson-Textor puzzlement, or admiration these articles may provoke. And it was a memorable year to start: this is the beginning p. 8 Letter to the Editor As you will see, this semester got off to a very busy and of Columbia’s 250th anniversary, and, as alumni around the The UN and Its high profile start, as the University once again hosted a num- world are well aware, the University is celebrating its remark- University for Peace p. 29 ber of world leaders on the occasion of the annual meeting of able history in style. Books and videos, conferences on campus, in Costa Rica p. 42 the UN General Assembly in September. For decades SIPA has and alumni club festivities around the world are all planned to By J. Paul Martin The Amazon School: Development News been the fortunate beneficiary of our proximity to the United mark the occasion. It is a fitting moment for President Lee Promoting Human Nations headquarters, and not only because students found Bollinger to launch a consideration of the role of Columbia in Rights and the Environment academic year internships and faculty served as formal and the new era of globalization in the twenty-first century. p. 10 By Ama Marston p. 46 informal advisers to everyone from the secretary general to the We at SIPA are excited by the prospect of these discus- World Leaders Class Notes heads of specialized agencies. Each fall we have welcomed vis- sions, and you, our readers, will be seeing some of their results at Columbia iting heads of state and foreign ministers to the campus, pro- in the coming years. viding an opportunity for them to speak not just to their Whatever neoconservative columnists THE UN and some Washington officials might prefer, there is no evidence of the Security Council’s fading SECURITY from relevance. Indeed, the actions of the Bush administration suggest WHYWHY REFORM REFORM COUNCIL? the opposite. either doable or desirable. The main stumbling agenda is to expand the size of the Council table wider range of military options than the others, blocks to the last reform drive in the mid- so that they can sit there more often. This is advo- the benefits of Security Council authorization 1990s—which states should be anointed perma- cated in the name of equity, representativeness, may seem of decreasing value, particularly if they nent members from Europe, Asia, Africa, and and democracy, the last a term never used in the sense that others are seeking to use their numbers Latin America—have not been resolved. The Charter. But the assumption that larger regional in the Council to counterbalance U.S. military splits within the regions, if anything, look deep- powers represent the security interests of their superiority with diplomacy maneuvering. The er today. A chorus of cries for change hardly con- weaker neighbors gains little nourishment from political problems caused by these power asym- stitutes a consensus on what a reformed Council history or the nature of geopolitics, particularly if metries are exacerbated by asymmetrical percep- should look like. Indeed, the very political crisis they are to be given vetoes over international tions of the urgency of preempting the possible that spurred these renewed calls for structural enforcement action in their neighborhoods. Has use of weapons of mass destruction by terrorists reform will prove to be the undoing of the effort. the expansion of the UN’s Economic and Social and of the utility of military means of doing so. It is a little like deciding to remodel your house Council (ECOSOC) twice, from eighteen to Until the Council provides more effective multi- because it is on fire. A better course would be twenty-seven to fifty-four, endowed it with lateral alternatives for counterterrorism and for first to conduct a sober diagnosis of what sparked greater relevance? If size were the prime criterion stalling the spread of weapons of mass destruc- the conflagration and then to launch a concerted for relevance, then the General Assembly would tion, it will be in a poor position to reclaim the effort to address its roots. The starting point, be the most relevant of all. mantle of leadership in the pursuit of interna- then, is to recognize that the Council is afflicted Adding more members will not heal the polit- tional peace and security. by a political, not institutional, malaise. ical and conceptual split among the current ones. The end of the Cold War has left the Security A radical overhaul of the Council’s composi- They cannot agree on whether the Council’s pri- Council with a confusing, even paradoxical, set tion could well exacerbate its political troubles. mary purpose should be to sit back and judge of political legacies. On the one hand, there is a While a modest expansion of membership to ease whether the use of force by member states is jus- prevalent desire to replace the rigidities of the the North-South imbalance is overdue, giving tified or to organize effective and collective bipolar system with a more flexible and partici- any new permanent members a veto over enforcement action, whether through economic patory multipolar one, in which multilateral deci- by Edward C. Luck Council action and expanding membership from sanctions or military intervention. Was the cen- sion-making processes through instruments like fifteen to twenty-five or more would simply terpiece of the Charter, in other words, to be the Security Council play a more central role. On hese are uncertain times for the UN prompted three basic responses: (1) that it has Ironically, on that front other member states sud- make it that much more difficult for the Council Article 2(4)’s caution against unilateral military the other hand, the demise of the Soviet Union Security Council. Its prewar debate on become irrelevant; (2) that it needs radical denly lost their enthusiasm for multilateralism, to act in a timely and decisive manner in crisis sit- action or Chapter VII’s unprecedented enforce- and a decreasing willingness on the part of the use of force in Iraq was bitter, divi- reform; and (3) that its place as the final arbiter preferring to keep the Council out of the diplo- uations. The unspoken agenda of some would-be ment machinery? No doubt the founders recog- America’s European partners to shoulder a sub- sive, and ultimately indecisive. As a on the use of force by member states calls for matic fray. On the war on terrorism, Washington reformers—seeking to dilute U.S. influence with- nized that a workable multilateral system for the stantial military burden have made the world result, neither the supporters nor the fresh thinking and debate. The first conclusion is continues to value the work of the Council’s in the Council—would make the body even less maintenance of international peace and security increasingly unipolar, at least in military terms. opponentsT of the war found much sustenance in wrong, the second misguided, and the third right Counter-Terrorism Committee in seeking to reflective of the balance of power and capacity would require both individual restraint and col- Until these conflicting geopolitical dynamics are the Council’s performance. As in Kosovo four on the mark. deny terrorists funding, space, and movement, as outside its chambers and would tend to confirm lective action. This tacit bargain has become sorted out, any talk of radical reform of the com- years before, a coalition of countries, including Whatever neoconservative columnists and well as the UN’s political and humanitarian Washington’s penchant for looking elsewhere to more than frayed in recent years, however. Over position of the Security Council is premature at permanent members of the Council, concluded some Washington officials might prefer, there is efforts in Afghanistan. Nor has United States pursue its security interests. When reform advo- the past decade, most member states have shown best and potentially quite damaging to what that the inability of a divided Council to decide no evidence of the Security Council’s fading from support for the UN’s numerous ongoing peace- cates speak of renovating the Council to meet a growing discomfort with employment of the remains of its credibility. should not paralyze those with the will to act relevance. Indeed, the actions of the Bush admin- keeping operations around the world slackened. the realities of the twenty-first century, what economic and military tools of coercion specified with or without the Council’s blessing. Once istration suggest the opposite. Within weeks of The call for radical reform of the Council is realities do they have in mind? in Chapter VII. Moreover, in an era of American Edward C. Luck is Professor of Practice in International again, they would argue that their war aims large- the onset of the “shock and awe” campaign, the harder to dismiss, given persistent advocates like In that regard, the radical reform of the primacy, the reluctance of others to give their and Public Affairs and director of the Center on ly coincided with previous resolutions of the United States was back in the Council looking to Secretary-General Kofi Annan and the majority Council could well prove to be the fastest route to assent to the actions of U.S.-dominated military International Organization at the School of International Council, though their chosen means clearly did multilateralize the efforts to forestall North of member states. But before joining the band- its irrelevancy. For most member states, the coalitions has been magnified. and Public Affairs, Columbia University. not. The political crisis within the Council has Korea’s acquisition of nuclear weapons. wagon, one should ask whether radical reform is first—for some, the only—item on the reform For Washington policymakers, with a far

2 SIPA NEWS SIPA NEWS 3 The Battle for the Soul of the United Nations

screen, and the governments with their national of Human Rights, in the work of voluntarily begun to lead a life of their own, and their pursuit interests have taken over. funded entities such as UNDP (United Nations and enforcement are no longer a matter for the In the Charter, each of these four key objec- Development Programme), UNICEF (United United Nations alone—on the contrary, Human tives gets its own principal organ: A Security Nations Children’s Fund), and UNHCR (United Rights Watch, Amnesty International, Save the Council to guarantee the peace, a General Nations High Commissioner for Refugees), and Children, and their numerous counterparts have Assembly to warm up interstate relations, an in the relatively new Office of the High taken the battle for human rights out of the inter- By Dirk Salomons Economic and Social Council to ponder develop- Commissioner for Human Rights. The United governmental arena and directly to the people. ment, and a Secretariat to organize meetings. Nations’ ideals shine through in its programs Increasingly, also, the “peoples” claim a seat at Where is the corresponding principal organ to that address the needs of people living with the table when issues of global importance are he facile answer to any question about the United reflect the Preamble’s emphasis on human rights? HIV/AIDS, children in armed conflict, victims discussed within the United Nations. The “global Nations’ future would be to say that it barely exists— This dichotomy inherent in the Charter, veer- of violence, or the marginalized. That idealistic conference” mechanism, for example, brought so how can it have a future? No territory, no popula- ing between the elated language of morality and voice also can be heard in many of the Secretary thousands of environmentalists to Rio, and tion, no army, not even a small supply of black heli- inclusiveness based on human rights and the legal General’s reports and speeches, strengthened by activists for women’s rights flooded the confer- copters, notwithstanding rumors to the contrary. language of an international treaty meant to pro- the powers of his office under Article 99 of the ence halls in Mexico, Nairobi, and Beijing. While TThere is a charter, there are a few staff members, no more than tect states’ interests, creates a dilemma for the Charter, which elevates the position beyond the action plans at these conferences were signed you would find in the municipal offices of a large city, and then United Nations. Does it belong to the “peoples” that of a CEO: “The secretary-general may by governments, their contents had de facto been there is a dream. or to the governments? Who can claim its soul? bring to the attention of the Security Council negotiated by a much broader range of stake- That dream is reflected in the Preamble to the Charter of the The millions of people who look up to the organ- any matter which in his opinion may threaten holders. United Nations, where “We the peoples of the United Nations” ization as the embodiment of a vision that tran- the maintenance of international peace and At the same time, this idealistic voice of the reaffirm their “faith in fundamental human rights, in the dignity scends national interests, that celebrates our com- security.” organization and its supporters is often drowned and worth of the human person, in the equal rights of men and mon humanity, and that projects solutions to our That voice can also be heard in the advocacy out by the hard-nosed Realpolitik of governments, women and of nations, large and small.” After this moving and common problems based on inclusiveness? Or the and field activities of the many NGOs and civil especially in the chambers of the Security visionary introduction, Chapter 1 of the Charter gets down to numerous governments that see the United society institutions that have taken up the chal- Council. This body’s inability to maintain inter- business and sets out four core purposes and principles of the Nations as a tool of limited value, convenient at lenge of the United Nations’ most lofty creation: national peace and security is not just due to organization: maintaining international peace and security, times, often a threat to their sovereignty, and an extensive body of international law in the area overwhelming external forces or a lack of developing friendly relations among nations, solving problems occasionally a timely scapegoat for failed conflict of human rights, ranging from the two epony- resources: it is mostly caused by a lack of political of an economic, social, cultural, or humanitarian character, and resolution? mous conventions to instruments such as the will. Conflict prevention is rarely on the agenda, serving as a center for harmonizing the actions of nations. The The United Nations of the “peoples” has Convention on the Rights of the Child or the and the budget of the United Nations’ “peoples” and their human rights have disappeared from the found its voice in the Universal Declaration Convention to Ban Landmines. These have now Department for Political Affairs (DPA)—which is

STUDENT VOICES FROM AROUND THE WORLD

t’s not hard to see why the theme for this semester’s issue is Isabelle Delalex (MIA ’05, International vance, but more damaging has been always either in a crunch or not far U.S. Crisis will always be a large com- function of global disagreement rather Jeffrey Max (MPA ’04, Policy “The Future of the United Nations.” The events of the past Finance and Business—France) the UN’s failure to sanction Saddam from one. This earns it points for rele- ponent of international interaction. than anything inherent within the sys- Analysis—United States) year led many observers to question the UN’s credibility, its Who knew in 1946 that the UN would Hussein’s noncompliance with its disar- vance: the world is a collection of Neorealists take note: a UN in crisis is tem. The UN failed to provide a solu- The UN can and should be an effective I succeed in fostering sustainable peace mament obligations under relevant res- sticky entanglements, and the big a UN that is very much alive. tion to the problem of Iraq’s potential channel for resolving disputes such as relevance, and even its prospects for survival—but convinced and cooperation between the victors olutions of the Security Council. ones—read Iraq—involve the United to threaten peace and was responsible the conflict over Iraq and weapons of many others that the organization is more essential now than ever. and defeated of World War II? States. In addition, by placing a high Rachel Jupp (MPA ’04, International for a disastrous decade-long policy of mass destruction. Yet the U.S. decision What does the “SIPA street” think about the UN’s role after the Ironically, the balance of power embed- Aaron Greenberg (MIA ’04, premium on the UN with regard to Iraq Media and Communications—UK) sanctions against the country. But this to initiate war with Iraq signals the ded in the design of the Security International Security Policy— only months after dismissing it as The UN was not designed to deliver the was because members’ interests were need for reform of the UN’s outdated Iraq war? We put the following questions to a group of students: Council seemed to be an impediment United States) “irrelevant,” the U.S. confirmed planet to paradise but to save humanity prioritized over international good gov- structure and decision-making process. Do you think the United Nations is the most appropriate or for them in solving conflicts in the In the wake of the U.S.-led war in Iraq, through action what it resisted in rheto- from hell. On this scale, it is doing a ernance. The experience of Iraq gave To remain a legitimate and effective Muslim nations, left to wonder if their many rushed to say that the UN is in ric. This is not new, nor should it be relatively good job for an organization the UN global public support. This authority, the UN must recognize the effective channel for resolving disputes like the one over Iraq’s interests were best served by the cur- crisis. Some added that it may prove terribly shocking. The U.S. is constant- so young and with such a radical mis- popularity should provide the platform changing international political context alleged WMD [weapons of mass destruction] program? Do you rent permanent voting members. obsolete. ly struggling with its expectations and sion: to mediate a global rule of law to build an independent international and change with it. The alternative—an think the U.S. decision to go to war with Iraq without UN fears of the organization. The UN, for within a broadly democratic framework. identity. If not, it will simply become international political order loosely The U.S. decision to go to war with It is right to say the UN is in a crisis. It better or worse, is central to the ongo- It remains an internationally respected the plaything of the powerful and a tar- based on the doctrine of preemption authorization will make the organization less effective or Iraq without UN authorization has is wrong to think that crisis marks the ing interaction of states, including (but space within which to resolve disputes, get for the dispossessed. and unilateral military action—is dan- relevant in the long term? undermined the organization’s rele- end of the organization. The UN is not limited to) an often-schizophrenic and the difficulties it confronts are a gerous and unstable.

4 SIPA NEWS SIPA NEWS 5 responsible for conflict prevention and which was staff to coordinate “multidimensional” economic, of some $300 million. But the 1994 elections States standing. Thus, the Security Council resources. At the same time, foreign direct invest- must be seen as impartial and independent, not meant to support the Security Council—is laugh- humanitarian, and political programs, the actual alone cost $85 million (paid by the EU), and vol- reflects a bygone world. Reform seems to be ment is growing by leaps and bounds, although tied to the priorities of the Security Council. ably small. DPA has no field presence of its own, cost of these programs is not covered by the untary donor support during each year of the required, but the current incumbents, whose veto most of it goes to promising countries like India Thus, in the long run the true survivors are the and recommendations by the recent “Brahimi” mandatory peacekeeping account but by volun- peace process came to some $800 million. power is threatened, apparently prefer to go and China. This leaves the United Nations as “ugly ducklings” of the Charter: human rights, blue ribbon panel to give DPA a limited intelli- tary contributions. Time and again, a few like- Without this level of parallel funding, the peace down with all flags flying rather than voluntarily agency of last resort for the chronically failing human dignity, tolerance, nonviolent conflict res- gence gathering capacity were scotched. Until a minded governments with voters who share the process would have collapsed. This pattern holds recede into the gray mass of second tier states. states that are scorned by the private sector. In olution. These are the stated goals of those “peo- crisis is full blown, the Security Council is likely true for all UN peace operations. And even if reforms were possible, which cluster ples” whose humanistic vision gave the Charter its to ignore it. Which then is the “true” United Nations? And of states could nowadays guarantee peace, as credibility and permanency. These are also the Even many massive international crises have which “face” of the United Nations will determine threats increasingly come from ideological stated goals of many democracies that preceded come and gone while the Security Council played its future? The technical, “harmonizing,” func- groups, not from other states? the United Nations, and they are values found in dead: the genocidal conflicts in Cambodia, tions of the United Nations, reflected in the work The Security Council may go the way of so all major religions. These are the goals that Rwanda, and the Balkans come to mind. Vietnam of specialized agencies such as the International many antiquated institutions: quietly overtaken inspire those many people who support the rights was never even on the Security Council’s agenda. Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) or the by events, they live on in the shadows. The one based concept of a United Nations, who push When the Security Council does act, it often does International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA), will remaining superpower will continue to go its own their parliaments to give generously to humani- so in a symbolic manner, saying all the right certainly continue. Here, idealism and pragma- way. Regional institutions will come into their tarian causes, and who support the hundreds of things but withholding the resources needed to tism are easily compatible. For years to come, the own, and new security problems will be addressed NGOs that pursue programs inspired by these address the problem. The humanitarian crisis in World Health Organization will undoubtedly be by players such as the European Union and the values. Ultimately, in an age of globalization and the Democratic Republic of the Congo, where the key advocate for global health, and the Food African Union without ever reaching the United free flow of information, the cumulative power of some three million people died during the past and Agriculture Organization will continue to Nations. Thus, humanitarian interventions, these people can cut across and trump the con- decade as its neighbors raped its resources and fight for food security. The International Labor peacekeeping, and peace enforcement will fines of narrow national interests. They must win fueled its internal strife, is a case in point. While Organization or UNESCO are not about to fold, become regionalized over time, as these newer the battle for the soul of the United Nations. the Security Council obsessed about Iraq, NGOs either. institutions develop common policies and com- If only the United Nations can focus on these and humanitarian organizations frantically tried But how about the United Nations’ future as mon muscle. The Security Council will then idealistic goals, if it can keep an independent to call attention to the plight of Africa’s Great guarantor of peace and security? Where is become a venue for trivial pursuits. voice, and if it can strengthen those funds and Lakes region. The small mission that eventually Realpolitik taking it? Its track record is dismal. The The United Nations’ other key objective, programs that embody these ideals, it will have a was created to stem the tide of violence will not Security Council’s organizational structure addressing the socioeconomic problems of the role for many years to come as the sole institution nearly have the capacity to stabilize the peace reflects a cozy world of colonial powers that has developing countries, is also slowly moving out of that has the moral clout to bring people together process. vanished. The five major players of 1945 had its reach. Official development aid is dwindling to to build a common future. In fact, most peacekeeping missions of the last already dwindled to only two by the early 1970s, less than $50 billion annually, and each year the decade have not only come too late—they have United Nations’ “dream” have to bail out the rest as decolonization and internal strife brought United Nations development programs get a fact, the United Nations’ best prospect is to spe- Dirk Salomons is director of the Program on Humanitarian often also been poorly funded and poorly of the international community, which stands by down the United Kingdom, France, and China; smaller share of that shrinking pie, as the interna- cialize in supporting the recovery of countries Affairs and a lecturer in International Affairs at SIPA. designed. While they normally include the cost idly. The 1992–94 peacekeeping operation in the 1991 collapse of the Soviet Union eliminated tional financial institutions, bilateral programs, emerging from conflict, and in bridging the relief- of the military components and of the Secretariat Mozambique, for example, had an annual budget Russia as a global power, leaving only the United and emergency relief needs vie for the remaining to-development gap. However, to do this well, it

Nepeti Nicanor (PEPM ’04—Namibia) In the long run we need an effective, tem. Earlier this year, we saw how the be as good and effective as its member successes are greater than its failures, hands are tied. The Iraq issue was nei- for credibly rebuilding Iraq and stabi- how to deal with international actors The very nature of the UN decision- democratic, and relevant institution to Security Council was divided over Iraq, states allow it to be. and its relevance and effectiveness ther new nor special in that sense. lizing the region. For the entire world, threatening that public interest. making setup makes it an ineffective ensure fair and lasting cooperation and and how a member state decided to must be judged by its ability to meet the UN will continue being a negotia- The future of the UN cannot be decided What was unique was the blatant disre- channel for anything. In the UN, some peace in the world. Maybe the UN is overrule the Security Council resolution the overall goals and responsibilities it tion forum and the Secretariat will Effective? If a quick response is need- by the Iraq crisis alone. The global prob- gard and neglect of the UN and all its countries (and very few of them) are not the one. If it is, it will have to dras- and the Charter (which its forefathers has been entrusted with. continue being a credible mediator in ed and this can be achieved via the lems of today respect no borders, and as principles by the world’s oldest democ- more equal than others. That is a major tically change its structure to make it were instrumental in writing) and take conflicts. Security Council, then yes, the UN may Secretary-General Kofi Annan says, they racy. America’s unilateral actions and problem for the UN, and for anybody credible. unilateral steps. The UN and its secre- Simon Schropp (MIA ’04, International well be effective. Nonetheless, if a sin- are problems without passports. Poverty, the breach between the coalition of the who wants to adopt the culture of tary-general were criticized for this. Economic Policy—Germany) Christina Schutz (MIA ’05, International gle veto-wielding state opposes terrorism, drug trafficking, illiteracy, willing and the UN Secretariat sets a democracy and human rights. Having Kalyani Ravishankar (EMPA ’04, However, the secretary-general can The recent conflict within the UN and Economic Policy—United States) Security Council action, effectiveness human rights violations, famine, conta- terrible precedent. This war was not worked in Africa on raising awareness International Economic Policy and encourage and aid member states to especially within the UN Security Appropriate? Yes. The UN is a forum will be undermined. To change that, gious diseases such as HIV/AIDS, degra- primarily about WMD or global terror- and strengthening democracy and Management—India) reach consensus, but he cannot force Council over Iraq’s alleged WMD pro- for addressing questions concerning you have to change the rules of the dation of our environment, weapons of ism, but about distinct American human rights, I can tell you that the When I hear critics mention the inef- consensus. When member states or gram has shown the full extent of the the international public interest, such game—i.e., the UN Charter. mass destruction, peace and security interests. setup of international organizations— fectiveness or the irrelevance of the critics point fingers at the UN, they are dilemma the UN has always been faced as weapons of mass destruction and are all issues needing urgent attention. UN, World Bank, IMF, etc.—discredits United Nations, I often feel that there pointing fingers at themselves, as the with. If there is one resolved party that I feel that the UN has neither lost other threats to peace. Since the inter- the work we were trying to do. is a huge misunderstanding about the UN only reflects the actions and deci- While the UN has had its share of fail- either is a permanent member of the face nor lost relevance just because it national public interest is every state’s very fundamental structure of the sys- sions of its members. The UN can only ure, when all is said and done, the UN’s Security Council or enjoys full backing couldn’t avoid a war by a resolved interest, every state should be and is of a permanent member, the UN’s nation. The UN will be indispensable entitled to participate in discussions on

6 SIPA NEWS SIPA NEWS 7 On the side of dreams are the school’s twenty are clearly very committed to the institution, one intellectuals to address the roots of war in the permanent faculty (not all of them full-time) and has the sense that most are either at the beginning minds of men. Yet UNESCO has barely fulfilled The UN and Its its sixty-five graduate students from all over the or in the twilight of their careers. The resident this mandate. The University for Peace offers a world, the latter quite comparable to SIPA’s own faculty teach the core courses in each field. In the new opportunity for idealism and intellectual student population. Faculty, students, and staff are case of the human rights program, this means four inquiry within the UN system, by bringing intel- transported daily from their homes in San José courses: a general course in international law; one lectuals together with policymakers from a schol- and nearby towns and villages, reaching the rural on the United Nations and other international arly world that now extends well beyond Europe. UNIVERSITY campus thanks to the university’s fleet of buses. organizations; an introduction to human rights, Unfortunately, the UN no longer seeks to find The students then pass the day studying how to humanitarian law, and refugee law; and a course ways to convene and promote dialogue among promote peace, human rights, sustainable devel- on international criminal law. These count for 12 these intellectuals. Rather, it uses them as occa- opment, and ecological improvement, and how to credits. sional lecturers and project consultants. UPeace prevent and resolve conflicts. The university now To supplement the core courses, the universi- seems to attract the very young and the senior FOR PEACE offers six master’s programs in these fields and is ty invites scholars from other parts of the world to scholars because they are most able to adapt to planning to create similar programs in Africa and offer short courses, typically two weeks in length. the university’s location. They have yet to form a Central Asia. The faculty members include former Columbia faculty members Peter Danchin (SIPA) community of intellectuals with something to say international civil servants as well as academics. and Joseph Chuman (GSAS), for example, have to the UN and the world. English is the teaching language. The campus is both taught these specialized short courses, one The university can and must function in a in Costa Rica well connected to the Internet, making up for the on the modern challenges to the international more effective way. Peace, the university’s pri- school’s still embryonic library. Rather than human rights system and the other on religion mary field of scholarly concern, is of major through any major expansion of its resident stu- and human rights. The human rights program is importance to the UN and the world. Peace dent population, UPeace plans to expand using linked with a number of human rights programs in research and teaching are being carried out else- distance-learning technologies. European, African, and Asian universities that also where, but UPeace offers the UN its own think By J. Paul Martin Most students and faculty come because they supply visiting professors to teach other subjects. tank. The UN is a vast system with thousands of believe in the importance of the UN’s role in the The students like the sense of being in contact employees working on the issues that make up the estled amid hilly coffee planta- modern world. They bring to their classes great with issues across the world through these visiting curriculum at UPeace. Surely it would be possible enthusiasm, eagerness to learn, and the hope of faculty. To encourage in-depth study and provide and beneficial for the UNDP (United Nations tions in the Central Valley of finding a career that will enable them to con- the opportunity to examine the interface between Development Programme), UNICEF (United Costa Rica, about 30 kilometers tribute significantly to positive social change. The different courses, as well as to ensure the 10 addi- Nations Children’s Fund), and many other UN N Center for Global Education at George Mason tional credits needed for their degree, students are agencies, especially the Office of the High southwest of the capital, San José, lies the University in Virginia has an institutional partner- required to prepare a final thesis. Commissioner for Human Rights, to send, or ship with UPeace, enabling George Mason and On the level of day-to-day reality, I had the even require, one of their experts to teach for six United Nations University for Peace other undergraduate students to spend a semester feeling that the university is still a forgotten months each year at UPeace in Costa Rica. These (UPeace). Founded twenty years ago but abroad in Costa Rica and focus on international stepchild of the UN, although Secretary-General experts could not only teach the young students peace studies. Kofi Annan strongly supports the university, but, as in a sabbatical, could revitalize their own recently completely restructured, this Funding is among the most basic day-to-day agreeing to become its honorary president and intellectual tools by teaching, reading, and writ- small institution illustrates both the dreams realities challenging the university and its admin- visiting the campus last year. To me, a visitor, the ing far from the daily pressures of their profes- istrators. In addition to travel and living costs, weakness of this relationship seemed like the sad- sional lives. In turn, UPeace students ought to be and the harsh day-to-day realities that students pay a yearly tuition of $18,000. A few dest aspect of the university, an example of its offered at least a three-month internship with UN characterize the UN as a whole. I recently full fellowships are available exclusively to stu- unrealized potential. The school’s location is not agencies after graduation. Even if they were not dents from developing countries. Although it was ideal, but it has redeeming qualities. It is a place employed later on by the UN, they would spent a week there talking about human set up by the UN, the university receives no fund- where scholars young and old can meet and become natural ambassadors for the UN in their ing and little in-kind support from its mother devote time, undistracted, to some of the professional lives. Without such interactions with rights issues with respect to corporations institution. Thus, in the past year, Martin Lees, world’s—and the UN’s—most intractable prob- the UN, I fear that the university will lack the in the developing world and on human the rector, has spent more time off campus than lems, as well as to refurbish the UN’s interpreta- appeal necessary for long-term fund-raising and on, in order to raise the funds needed to keep the tion of its own mandate. stability. With closer linkages, though, the uni- rights education and peace building. university solvent. His recent success means that When the UN was founded, European intel- versity could provide the UN with modest but the university is financially secure for the next lectuals were among the most important actors. sustained scholarly and youthful inputs. three years. UNESCO (the United Nations Educational, UN Secretary-General Kofi Annan, left, waters a tree he Another major challenge to the university is Scientific, and Cultural Organization) was creat- J. Paul Martin is executive director of the Center for the planted at the University for Peace near Ciudad Colón. faculty recruitment. Although faculty members ed in the belief that the UN ought to bring in Study of Human Rights at Columbia University.

8 SIPA NEWS SIPA NEWS 9 The Center for International Conflict Resolution, School of International and Public Affairs and Columbia University present WORLD LEADERS Reconstructing Afghanistan: Challenges and Opportunities

A conference hosted by Senator George J. Mitchell, Senior Fellow, Center for International Conflict Resolution

Thursday, September 25, 2003 AT COLUMBIA Altschul Auditorium International Affairs Building, 4th Floor 420 West 118th Street, New York, NY During the United Nations President Karzai Gives proud and I told myself, ‘Hell, Karzai, this 1:00 p.m. General Assembly this past country is going to be built! If you have chil- Keynote Address Keynote Address at dren like that who are so determined that they President Hamid Karzai, Transitional Islamic State of Afghanistan September, an unprecedented Afghanistan Conference will sit there on the ground, on the earth, on Introduction by President Lee Bollinger, the mud—it’s the greatest sign for the future of Columbia University and Dean Lisa Anderson, number of world leaders visited By Rachel Martin our country.’” School of International and Public Affairs Columbia University and spoke Hamid Karzai was elected by the Loya 2:30–4:00 p.m. The world came to SIPA this fall and so did Jirga, or Grand National Council of Responding to Challenges: Afghanistan at SIPA. its security guards and its security guards’ secu- Afghanistan, to lead the transitional govern- in Perspective A discussion of the political economy of internation- rity guards. For more than a week, there were ment in Afghanistan immediately after the fall al reconstruction assistance in Afghanistan special metal detectors in the hallways, large of the Taliban. Karzai is now on the campaign Dr. Barnett R. Rubin, Director of Studies and Senior Afghan President Hamid Karzai (center) Fellow, Center on International Cooperation, New with (from left) Sen. George Mitchell, well-dressed men, with cropped hair and ear- trail, trying to bolster support to win the elec- York University Dean Lisa Anderson, Columbia phones, lurking in corners, and the occasional tions scheduled to take place in Afghanistan in President Lee Bollinger, and Center for Sadako Ogata, Chair, Tokyo Conference on Afghan International Conflict Resolution Director bomb-sniffing hound making his way around June 2004. At the same time, he’s trying to raise Reconstruction and former United Nations High Andrea Bartoli. the fishbowl. Although security is tight when- more money and manpower from the interna- Commissioner for Refugees Dr. M. Ishaq Nadiri, Jay Gould Professor of ever high-ranking leaders visit the school, there tional community to address Afghanistan’s Economics, New York University and Adviser to was no doubt that most of the security precau- most serious problems: security, education, Transitional Afghan Government tions this year were for one man—the interim health care, shutting down the opium business, Ambassador William B. Taylor, Afghanistan Coordinator, U.S. Department of State president of Afghanistan, Hamid Karzai. and building up sustainable trade exports. Senator George J. Mitchell, Moderator and President Karzai was the keynote speaker at President Karzai was quick to point out the Discussant the conference, “Reconstructing Afghanistan: positive growth in Afghanistan, like the new 4:00–4:30 p.m. Challenges and Opportunities” (see sidebar), currency system and the agricultural surpluses. Slide Presentation on Afghan Reconstruction hosted by Senator George Mitchell, Senior However, when he was asked to address more Dr. Frederic Levrat, Professor of Architecture, Fellow at the Center for International Conflict controversial topics like journalistic freedoms Columbia University President Bollinger and Earth Institute Dean Anderson presents the “Distin- President Bollinger and Dean Anderson Resolution. He addressed a group of roughly and women’s rights, he reiterated that the road Director Jeffrey Sachs flank Ghanaian guished Service Award” to former (center) pose with a delegation of 4:30–6:00 p.m. President John Agyekum Kufuor following Ukrainian Minister of Foreign Affairs Southeastern European leaders who met 400 Columbia students, alumni, faculty, and to development and democracy in Afghanistan Capturing Opportunities: Afghanistan in Transition his speech in Low Rotunda. Anatoliy Zlenko. for a forum at Columbia. New Yorkers who have lived or worked in would require patience, vigilance, and interna- A discussion of the emerging Afghan state and its place in South and Central Asia Afghanistan. He was here to build bridges tional support. Dr. Abdullah Abdullah, Minister of Foreign Affairs, between Afghanistan and America, and, clad in “Afghanistan will need many years to recov- Transitional Islamic State of Afghanistan his signature Afghan-styled wool hat and cape er from all its ills. Afghanistan has begun a good Ambassador Lakhdar Brahimi, United Nations Secretary-General’s Special Representative for over top a tailored Western suit, he looked the start in the economic recovery, although it will Afghanistan part. Karzai opened his talk with the story of a take many years in order to be able to stand on Dr. Zalmay Khalilzad, U.S. Special Presidential girls’ school about 60 kilometers outside Kabul its own feet, to feed itself, to defend itself, to Envoy for Afghanistan Ambassador Peter Tomsen, Former U.S. Special that recently had been burned down by terror- educate itself, and until we reach that time, we Envoy to the Mujahideen ists. The day after the attack, he saw a photo- will need the assistance of the world communi- Senator George J. Mitchell, Moderator and graph in the newspapers of a handful of Afghan ty—from governments to universities.” Discussant Iranian Foreign Minister Kamal Kharrazi Nicaraguan President Enrique Bolaños President Bollinger greets Russian Pres- girls, crouched in the dirt where the school 6:00 p.m. addressed U.S. foreign policy in the Geyer and the Nicaraguan First Lady ident Vladimir Putin before Putin’s once stood, their heads buried in their school Rachel Martin, MIA ’04, is doing an independent con- Reception Middle East during his Sept. 29 visit to (center) with Dean Anderson and Insti- speech to a Columbia audience. SIPA. tute of Latin American Studies Director books. Karzai said, “I was so happy and very centration in Media and Democracy. Co-Sponsored by Piper Rudnic LLP Albert Fishlow.

10 SIPA NEWS SIPA NEWS 11 Foreign Minister of calling to which any politician may Southeast European countries face, which went largely countries have also been trying to collapse of world coffee prices, evident approval a report from the aspire. He therefore accepted the unmentioned at the gathering, tackle certain issues—border control, Nicaragua remains one of the poorest U.S. Senate’s Appropriations Ukraine Receives award not only in his own name, but Leaders Forum include the legacies of brutal ethnic illegal immigration, economic countries in the Western Hemisphere, Committee, which concluded that Distinguished in that of independent Ukraine, Convenes at conflicts and the still largely unfin- exchange, relaxation of visa regimes, with a per capita income of roughly “President Enrique Bolaños of Statesman Award before offering an analysis of the Columbia ished post-Communist transition. reconciliation—by engaging in $700 per year. Nicaragua deserves strong support” challenges facing that state following Although Minister Ivanic called stronger regional cooperation. They Yet Bolaños, who served as and called for additional USAID the collapse of the Soviet Union in Bosnia and Herzegovina “a success,” may well prove to themselves over Aleman’s vice president but later funding for the country, Bolaños By Marisa Robertson-Textor By Bojana Zezelj 1991. one should not forget that his coun- time that there is much they can broke with him to run for the presi- described foreign aid for his govern- “Ukrainian independence was not try is run with the help of a UN accomplish on their own and without dency on an anticorruption platform, ment as “bridge financing” that would The “Distinguished Statesman the climax of history. It was not a This September, a number of foreign administrator and patrolled by inter- the help of their wealthier neighbors. says recent history shows some posi- lead to self-sustaining growth in the Award” has not been given out very goal in itself, but an instrument to be leaders, in town for the UN General national forces while its feeble econ- However, as they continue to pin tive trends as well. The civil war of longer term. After listing the many often by SIPA and only once before used rationally and effectively,” Assembly, paid a visit to Columbia most of their hopes for a better future the 1980s is long over, and ex-presi- Nicaraguan cabinet members and to a Ukrainian statesman, namely, Zlenko said. The country’s geo- University. The series of high profile on their “return to Europe,” so should dent Daniel Ortega, leader of the ambassadors who hold graduate President Leonid Kuchma. On Sep- graphic position, on the breakpoint events started on the 24th with the This is the first Europe make sure to show the left-wing Sandinista movement, “is degrees from U.S. universities, he tember 25, Dean Anderson presented between two giant geopolitical pow- Southeast European Forum, organ- time in almost the resolve and political will to keep the now a very quiet deputy in the noted that three members of the the award to Former Minister of ers, has required just such a rational ized by the Harriman Institute, the promise. National Assembly” after losing three country’s foreign service are in fact Foreign Affairs of Ukraine, Anatoliy and effective foreign policy, one East Central European Center, and entire history of presidential elections in a row. Columbia graduates. Bolaños argued Zlenko. Other recipients have been capable of delicately balancing SIPA, and took place in the elegant Bojana Zezelj, MIA ’04, is concentrating in Inflation has fallen to single digits, Russian Foreign Minister Andrei European integration (and perhaps Rotunda of Low Library. the Balkans that International Media and Communications. and the government has reached a Jeff Rigsby, MIA ’04, SIPA News coedi- that Latin Kozyrev, Kazakhstani President eventual EU membership) with a The foreign ministers of Bosnia the region has three-year agreement with the tor, is doing an independent concentration in Nursultan Nazarbaev, and Norwe- strategic partnership with Moscow. and Herzegovina, Greece, Romania, International Monetary Fund. In Central Asian Studies. America receives gian Foreign Minister Johan Jorgen Such a strategy, while not always Slovenia, and Serbia and Montene- come close to Nicaraguan President addition, Managua has led a regional less academic Holst, who negotiated the Oslo easy to maintain, is in Ukraine’s eco- gro appeared together to talk about Speaks at Columbia effort to negotiate a free-trade agree- peace accords on the Middle East. nomic and political interests, all the the latest developments in what was achieving long- ment between Central America and Iranian Minister attention than Mr. Zlenko was nominated for more so in that Europe will never until recently one of the most trou- term peace and By Jeff Rigsby the United States, which is due to be Addresses SIPA other regions of the award by Columbia history pro- embrace a Ukraine that is hostile to bled regions of the world. Today, signed by the beginning of next year. Audience fessor Mark von Hagen, who noted Russia. While Russian recognition of however, all of these countries stability. Bolaños outlined his government’s the world, with that Zlenko’s “personal contribution Ukraine as a nation rather than sim- (including Albania, Croatia, and Nicaraguan President Enrique plan for promoting “growth, equality, By Ali Ezzatyar to Ukraine’s foreign relations at sev- ply an important territory has come Macedonia, whose representatives omy is propped up by foreign aid. Bolaños Geyer addressed the and governance,” which aims to con- Central America eral points in the past years has been slowly, Zlenko believes that this were also invited but were unable to The unresolved status of Kosovo, Columbia community on September trol corruption by limiting the arbi- of crucial moment for the success of transition has now been made. attend) have democratically elected which continues to fuel ethnic ten- 23 as part of the University-spon- trary power of state officials and by Iranian Foreign Minister Kamal suffering particular the newly independent state.” As for its relations with the governments and liberalized econ- sions and bloody skirmishes, is the sored World Leaders Forum. Bolaños reforming the judicial system. On the Kharrazi spoke at SIPA on neglect. In his acceptance speech, Zlenko United States, Zlenko noted that, omies. The praise for such important largest obstacle to regional security. made a strong pitch for continued economic front, he noted that his September 29, arguing that the emphasized that he considers the while the transatlantic relationship achievements and the cause for opti- But the strongly optimistic tone international assistance to his coun- administration has worked with United States needs to take a new word “statesman”—a man who has been turbulent in recent years, he mism they give is what President of the gathering, repeated in Dean try, stating that “the new Nicaragua Michael Porter of the Harvard approach in its foreign policy in the devotes his life to fulfilling the aspi- believes that hard work on both sides Bollinger, who moderated the discus- Anderson’s closing remarks, is not under my leadership” deserves sup- Institute of International Devel- Middle East. rations of his country—the highest will restore mutual trust. Washington sion, emphasized in his introduction. entirely unjustified. This is the first port for its efforts at political and opment to devise a “national compet- In a 35-minute speech, Kharrazi has nothing to gain from losing an Nevertheless, when commenting on time in almost the entire history of economic reform. itiveness program,” which will seek steered clear of the debate over Iran’s important post-Soviet ally, and the European Union’s commitment, the Balkans that the region has come Bolaños argued that Latin to foster nontraditional export nuclear program, the most pressing Ukrainian inde- Ukraine has nothing to gain from stated at the Thessaloniki summit last close to achieving long-term peace America receives less academic atten- opportunities such as fish farming, issue in its relations with the interna- pendence was ignoring the United States. June, to bring the Balkans “back to and stability. Despite old problems tion than other regions of the world, specialty coffee, and tourism. tional community. Instead, he Zlenko was careful not to over- Europe,” the ministers also revealed and new challenges, these states con- with Central America suffering par- According to Bolaños, Porter has focused on the history of U.S. inter- not the climax of look the roadblocks his country faces how much social and political condi- tinue to consolidate their young ticular neglect. Except in a few spe- described himself as “frankly amazed” vention in Iran and elsewhere in the on its path toward democratization tions still vary across the region. democracies and to practice a free cialized classes, he claimed, students by Nicaragua’s progress under the Middle East, claiming that it played a history. It was not and marketization, but ultimately his Greece has been an EU member market economy. at Columbia hear little about the current government. detrimental role in political develop- a goal in itself, but outlook is a positive one: “I have not since 1981, and Slovenia is set to join All the speakers agreed that the region, and much of what they do The president also emphasized ments in the region. Kharrazi made yet lost faith in the future of next year, but for the rest, like the prospect of EU membership is so hear is negative. It’s true that not all that Nicaragua remains a reliable ally note of the 1953 coup d’état, planned an instrument to Ukraine.” poorer and politically less stable important because it has been the the news out of Nicaragua has been of the United States in the war on and executed in large part by the Serbia and Montenegro, membership unifying theme of many dissonant encouraging: former president terror and has even contributed a CIA, which ousted a democratically be used rationally Marisa Robertson-Textor, MIA ’04, is con- remains a promise that might take a political voices and continues to Arnoldo Aleman Lacayo was small number of medical and mine- elected prime minister and replaced and effectively. centrating in Human Rights. long time to materialize. stimulate difficult but necessary detained on fraud and embezzlement clearing personnel to work with him with the second Pahlavi shah. The challenges some of these social and economic reforms. Balkan charges in August. And following the Spanish forces in Iraq. Quoting with He argued that the U.S. habit of

12 SIPA NEWS SIPA NEWS 13 serving its own interests at the President of Ghana and add value through processing); Putin Fields Putin said that surveillance of that era to the heady expense of others had damaged its Discusses National (3) enhancement in the provision of Questions, Creates sense of freedom that earmarked the image in Iran and was ultimately a social services such as education and Russia has not early years of post-Soviet Russia primary motivating force for the Economy health delivery (education and Controversy under Putin’s predecessor, Boris 1979 Islamic Revolution. “The health policies, malaria and HIV/ historically pos- Yeltsin. Citing, among other issues, United States’s flawed policy of inter- By Hamdiya Ismaila AIDS prevention); (4) promotion of By Marisa Robertson-Textor the recent uproar over Vtsiom—a vention, with little regard to the sen- good governance (public sector sessed freedom of state-owned but historically auto- sitivities of the Muslim people, has As a Ghanaian, I was honored to reforms, decentralization, and civil In President Bollinger’s words, it the press, and nomous national polling agency been particular to my country,” said hear President John Agyekum Kufuor society participation); and (5) pro- was a “momentous encounter.” recently brought under tighter state Kharrazi. speak on “Current Reforms in Ghana” motion of the private sector as an Certainly it was a dramatic one. On that perhaps it control in what many experts con- Turning to Iraq, Kharrazi acknow- at Columbia. He was in the country engine of economic growth (estab- September 25, under the hawk-eyed sider a governmental ploy to dis- ledged that Iranians were certainly to attend the opening session of the lishment of a special ministry for pri- gaze of rooftop snipers, select mem- should not today. courage unfavorable presidential rat- relieved to see Saddam Hussein gone, UN General Assembly and spoke in vate sector development, entrepre- bers of the Columbia community, ings and negative polls on such but added that the unilateral U.S. the Low Rotunda on September 25. neurial skill training, access to credit including many SIPA faculty and stu- candor with which he revealed them issues as the on-going conflict in pursuit of the war was unjust and had He started by discussing some and markets). dents, filed slowly into Low Rotunda to the Columbia audience. In Chechnya—von Hagen aired his Turning to helped cause the current postwar dis- critical issues in West African stabili- President Kufuor indicated that to hear Russian President Vladimir response to Barnard Political Science concern that the “bad old days” order. After duly noting that the Uni- ty in general but focused more on over the past two years Ghana’s fiscal Putin address the University. Professor Kimberly Marten, who might be returning. Iraq, Kharrazi ted States had at one time supported Ghana’s political and economic and monetary management and cred- Following a short speech in which asked the president whether he con- When he finished speaking, von acknowledged and trained Osama bin Laden and his progress since he took office in it rating have improved, inflation has he encouraged young American sidered freedom of speech and press Hagen attempted to return to his associates, Kharrazi also suggested January 2001. He expressed opti- been significantly reduced from 42 to scholars of Russian studies to widen to be alive and well, Putin said that seat—but was called back by the that Iranians were that the United States was once mism that the country could achieve their horizons beyond the highly Russia has not historically possessed president. “Hold on a second,” said again retreating from Afghanistan middle income status by the next politicized Cold War legacies of freedom of the press, and that per- Putin. “Let’s have some discussion certainly relieved too soon, leaving the important task century. Ghana’s foreign Sovietology, the president opened haps it should not today. He illus- here. What’s your name again?” to see Saddam of reconstruction unfinished. The president outlined some of the floor to questions, juggling a trated this claim by describing the “Mark,” replied von Hagen. “Mark,” The foreign minister was joined the problems encountered by his new policy of good seemingly inexhaustible arsenal of behavior of journalists during the said the president, rolling the name Hussein gone, but at the podium by Gary Sick, execu- administration: deteriorating terms of neighborliness has statistics on questions ranging from Nord-Ost crisis of October 2002, over his tongue slowly before pro- tive director of Gulf 2000, senior trade, the falling price of the country’s the global AIDS crisis to the recon- when a band of Chechen freedom ceeding to attack von Hagen’s claims added that the research scholar, and former acting main export commodities (cocoa and contributed to struction of Iraq to the intricacies of fighters took the audience of a with an almost menacing vigor. unilateral U.S. director of SIPA’s Middle East gold), and the rise in oil prices, the Russian slang. Putin’s performance— Moscow theater hostage for several The verdict on Russia’s transfor- Institute, who asked the first question country’s main import commodity. what peace these part homespun wisdom, part world- days. Putin accused some journalists mation to a liberal democracy is pursuit of the following Kharrazi’s speech. Sick He said these two developments left countries know. ly erudition—was all the more strik- of threatening the security service’s not yet in, but following President noted that events such as the hostage the country and its international ing against the current American hostage rescue operation by paying Putin’s speech at Columbia, one war was unjust crisis had their own effects on U.S. reserves in a major crisis. political backdrop, which tends to off policemen and climbing on the thing is abundantly clear: “He’s not and had helped foreign policy and suggested that On the domestic front, inflation 13 percent, and the bank’s borrowing emphasize sound bites and slogans roof in search of insider information: afraid of anything,” said Michael realities like this could become a rose to 42 percent, while the borrow- rate has fallen to 24 percent from 50 over substantive answers to complex a quest for profits that threatened Capone, MIA ’01. cause the current point of understanding between the ing rate in banks hovered around 50 percent in 2001. questions. human lives. He also alluded United States and Iran if a rap- percent. The excessive borrowing of On the regional level, the presi- The sheer complexity of Russian obliquely to the role of Russia’s oli- postwar disorder. prochement is to take place between the government in the domestic mar- dent discussed the situations in Sierra political life today was well reflected garchs in funding media outlets, say- the two countries. Kharrazi respond- ket, coupled with all the above, also Leone, Guinea, Côte d’Ivoire, and in this extended question-and- ing that, “When funding for media ed by noting that the United States worsened the standard of living. He Liberia. He said that the rise in civil answer session. Few Russia watchers comes out of two or three bags, was the more powerful of the two said his administration’s first decision wars in these countries brought about would take issue with the claim that that’s not freedom of the press— nations, and that there was no paral- was to join the World Bank’s Heavily the collapse of their economies, President Putin’s policies prioritize that’s corporate interests.” lel between the hostage crisis and the Indebted Poor Countries (HIPC) ini- refugee problems, proliferation of economic and political security over Controversial? Certainly. But the 1953 coup. tiative in order to free resources to small arms, and general insecurity in democratic freedoms. During his liveliest moment of the afternoon Students followed up with ques- enable the government to gain a the subregion. tenure in office, he has sought to was yet to come: a skirmish with tions about the Iranian nuclear pro- foothold. He argued that the pursuit of centralize state power through a Columbia History Professor Mark gram, to which the foreign minister Additionally, his government is Ghana’s foreign policy of good wide variety of means, from much von Hagen that was covered exten- did not respond in detail, and about focusing on five priority areas: (1) neighborliness has contributed to needed legislative and judicial sively by Russian media the follow- Iran’s domestic and foreign policies. rehabilitation of the infrastructure what peace these countries know. reform to controversial crackdowns ing day. Von Hagen, in a long (ICT policy); (2) modernization of on independent media outlets. address in Russian, recalled his own Ali Ezzatyar, MIA ’04, is concentrating in agriculture based on improved rural Hamdiya Ismaila, MPA ’04, is concentrating More surprising than the nature student days in Leningrad in the International Security Policy. development (to diversify agriculture in Finance, Economic Policy, and Development. of the president’s priorities was the 1970s, comparing the suspicion and

14 SIPA NEWS SIPA NEWS 15 The Other Side of Rio

I’m careening through tight curves and heavy traffic on a poorly paved street in Rio de Janeiro

on a motorcycle at such a fast clip, I’m worried I’ll be returning to America in a body bag

instead of a coach-class airline seat. The “motor-taxi” driver doesn’t have an extra helmet. As

we make a steady ascent through the broken asphalt, winding through hairpin turns, we swerve

mere inches from cars and dart so close to the lumbering buses, I choke on their dry, acrid

exhaust fumes. By Celeste Tarricone

16 SIPA NEWS When we finally make it to the top of the moun- Internet café. On all sides, though, people mostly walkie-talkies, not guns. As we walk around, peo- tainous neighborhood, and I catch my breath, the traverse a narrow, confusing warren of dirt paths ple often smile at us and say hello; some of the treacherous ride becomes worth it. Below is a gor- littered with piles of trash and pools of stagnant, children even stop and look at us curiously and geous vista of the vanilla-colored beaches, churn- dirty water, and suffocated by clumps of tangled, then pose when various members of the tour group ing ocean, and jagged, mist-encrusted mountains exposed electrical wires. If you peek inside some ask to take their picture. I never feel unsafe. It’s that embrace the landscape of Rio, earning it the of the houses, you may see color televisions or unlikely that anyone would risk the bad publicity title of Brazil’s Cidade Maravilhosa, or Marvelous stereos, but, mostly, residents are still poor, and and security crackdown that would result from City. I snap pictures and marvel at the clash of many will never be able to afford to move out. hurting a foreign tourist. urban and natural beauty. Aside from their high-altitude location, favelas While living in Rio, I met numerous travelers Then the lovely images vanish from my mind as look much like many other Latin American urban and students studying abroad who had participat- I turn around and face a sprawling mass of dilapi- slums. Yet Brazilians and foreigners alike have ed in favela tours and raved about them, or were dated buildings spilling down the other side of the long had a fascination with them that you don’t see eager to take one—but I was skeptical. How did peak, with trails of garbage snaking through them. elsewhere in the region. A decade ago, an enter- the guides keep the trips from making a spectacle Luis, our tour guide, instructs our small group to prising tour guide named Marcelo Armstrong of poverty? How did they mitigate the stark con- stop taking pictures because we’re fifty paces from decided to offer visitors an opportunity to satiate trast between the tourists, mostly wealthy and a drug dealer, who eyes us warily as he fingers the their curiosity. Eager to demonstrate that favelas white, and the residents, mostly neither of those? crackling walkie-talkie slung around his neck. weren’t strictly dens of drugs, violence, crime, and And was it ethical to go into those neighborhoods and derive entertainment of sorts out of peering LUIS, OUR TOUR GUIDE, INSTRUCTS OUR SMALL GROUP TO STOP TAKING PICTURES into people’s lives, without giving anything back? After taking two such tours, I’m still a skeptic. BECAUSE WE’RE FIFTY PACES FROM A DRUG DEALER, WHO EYES US WARILY The reality is, most of the tour guides don’t put money back into the community. Armstrong, whose AS HE FINGERS THE CRACKLING WALKIE-TALKIE SLUNG AROUND HIS NECK. tours include both Rocinha and a smaller favela named Vila Lagoas, has started a community cen- ter for children in the latter, funded by money he The fabulous view isn’t the centerpiece of this decrepitude, he began offering tours designed to makes from the tours, and is developing a project tourist jaunt. We’re on a favela tour, a trip through educate people about how favelas function as eco- in the former. Other tour guides may pay individual one of Rio’s slums, where the main attraction is nomic and social units, raise awareness about the home- or business owners a sort of honorarium to poverty. poverty and problems residents face, and demon- allow visitors to enter their domains as part of the Favelas, as they’re called in Portuguese, began strate that there’s more to Rio than the beaches, “going native” experience, but they contribute lit- cropping up on the outskirts of Rio about half a bars, nightclubs, and beautiful views. tle else to the neighborhood. century ago, as migrants from Brazil’s poor interi- “They’re part of Brazilian society, and you The participants, mostly liberal, well-inten- or, mainly the northeast, flooded the city in search don’t get to see that if you go just to the top of the tioned backpackers, do seem eager to challenge of work and a better life. Unable to afford to live in Christ statue and the Sugar Loaf Mountain,” he their perceptions about favelas, but their reactions the city’s established neighborhoods, they literally said, referring to two of the city’s most popular also suggest an undercurrent of voyeurism, a slight headed for the hills, building precarious houses tourist attractions. thrill in crossing socioeconomic lines, and a desire from a hodge-podge of construction materials in The response was far greater than Armstrong, to assuage guilt. The reaction of so many of them the uninhabited mountains that rimmed the resi- or most people working in tourism in Rio, would was, “See, it’s not so bad?” And, “Isn’t it amazing Above: Tour guide Luis with two boys who have dential areas. have predicted. Riotur, the city’s tourism authority, the way they’ve built these cute little houses all on just gotten out of school for the day. Right: Aerial Because of their location, favela residents have says favela tours are among the most popular their own?” view of Rocinha Favela, a large slum on the hills some of the best views in the city—better than the tourist activities and one of the fastest growing As someone who studies economic and politi- behind Copacabana, in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. wealthy populace—but that’s about the only luxu- tourism sectors, although the agency does not cal development, however, it did seem pretty bad ry they enjoy. Today, it is estimated that about 600 keep exact data on favela tours’ development. depiction chronicling three decades of drug culture eign backpackers listening to the lyrics, which to me. By making these neighborhoods a tourist to 700 favelas house about 20 percent of Rio’s Now, a bevy of tour guides besides Armstrong and extreme violence in a Rio slum by the same often tout drug violence, murder, and mistreat- event, favela tours essentially reinforce the notion population, but the transient and unstable nature take several small groups a day on roughly two- name. (Many descriptions of the movie incorrectly ment of women, and emulating, or trying to sneak of the residents as the “Other” and further rein- of the neighborhoods makes it difficult to get an hour trips that feature what are basically ordinary referred to City of God as a favela, but, technically, into, the notorious bailes funky, or funk dances, force the divide between the haves and have-nots exact count. sights, such as houses, local restaurants, butcher it isn’t. It’s a housing project that was established that feature sexual party games and neighborhood in Rio, and the fact that favela residents are on the Currently, most of the residents don’t live in shops, and houseware stands—except that they’re by the city to try to help people break out of the drug dealers waving their semiautomatic weapons outside looking in. They don’t really bridge gaps, deep, abject poverty, but their houses are still pre- in a slum. Nearly all of the tours take place in poverty cycle of favelas that, obviously, failed.) as they bop to the rhythm of the throbbing music. because, while the tourists can cross back and cariously constructed, and favelas only recently Rocinha, Rio’s largest favela, with a population of Favelas also have been an incubator for the As we make our way down the mountain, forth between the favela and the rest of Rio, the began to get basic infrastructure services such as about 200,000. genre of “funky” music, similar to gangsta rap in through the back alleys and narrow dirt roads favela dwellers can’t readily do the same. water and electricity. The main road in a given The burgeoning popularity is due, in part, to the the United States, which is steadily gaining admir- carved among the tightly crammed together hous- favela may be paved and lined with businesses commercial success around the world of the ers. A sort of favela chic has developed around es of Rocinha, we cross paths with several more Celeste Tarricone, MIA ’04, is concentrating in such as hardware stores, groceries, and even an Brazilian film City of God, a harsh, stomach-turning funky music culture, with young Brazilians and for- drug dealers, although I only see them brandishing Economic and Political Development.

18 SIPA NEWS SIPA NEWS 19 AFGHAN JOURNALISM 101 By Rachel Martin

e’re sitting in on an important meeting. Afghan jour- nalists from all the major media outlets are here: the reporters for the State broadcaster, Radio Television Afghanistan, along with the local stringers for inter- national news outlets like the BBC and Voice of America and for the local newspaper—about 20 local WJalalabad reporters altogether. They are all young men, dressed in the traditional garb of the provinces: long pajama-type shirts over loose pants. Even though mandatory facial hair was eliminated from Afghan society along with the Taliban, nearly all the men have beards, as is typical outside Kabul. The reporters squeeze in next to one another on the worn velvet couches that line the perimeter of the hot and sticky administrative office. I take a seat with my Afghan colleague in the corner and self-consciously adjust the scarf covering my head. We all sip our tea, wipe the sweat from our foreheads, and wait for the meeting to begin.

A reporter for Jalalabad Radio and Television Afghanistan works in a dimly lit production studio. SIPA NEWS 21 Afghanistan, as they are in many developing the provinces comes directly from government for helping pave the way for the country’s first countries and postconflict situations. Strong gov- sources. Often, the local government office will independent daily radio news program, produced ernment influence over the media makes it diffi- send over a tape of an interview or a so-called solely by local journalists, as well as the first pri- cult for reporters to get more than one side of a “news story” and instruct a broadcaster to run it vate commercial radio station, which hit the air- story, and the roots of nepotism run as deep as unedited, with no questions asked. There are sev- waves last spring. Although he admits there have the history of Afghan conflicts. But just as blurry, eral documented cases of Afghan journalists who been some problems with warlords in the undefined, and unprotected are the rights that have been victimized for challenging such con- provinces harassing journalists, Mubarez says protect journalists and guarantee freedom of the straints on the press. A report released by Human freedom of speech is central to the country’s new press. There are indeed Afghan journalists who Rights Watch in June 2003 cites numerous draft constitution. “The freedom of press is the cross the line by accepting gifts from officials in instances in which journalists around the country guarantee of the right of the people,” he says. exchange for favorable coverage or who allow have been harassed, arrested, and threatened “This freedom will guarantee the right of all the their personal relationships with politicians and with death by politicians, police officers, and people of Afghanistan for all the sons and daugh- military leaders to influence their news judg- army officials. ters of Afghanistan.” ment. But it has become clear to me during my Many of these problems are illustrated vivid- On a recent visit to Columbia, President time here that there are just as many, if not more, ly in Jalalabad, where journalists like Kolistan Hamid Karzai echoed much of the same rhetoric. cases in which journalists are threatened and Haleb struggle with the notion of balanced, Although he admitted that it is much easier to coerced to the point where they become nothing accurate, and authentic journalism, and with the proclaim rights than it is to guarantee them, he more than mouthpieces for a local warlord or political and economic realities that constrain it. said it will take a stronger central government to official. Haleb has been a reporter and news editor for ensure that freedom of the press is adequately I have been working in Afghanistan as a con- the state radio station in Jalalabad for more than protected. sultant for a Danish nongovernmental organiza- 20 years. Sitting on a white plastic lawn chair in “People can go and threaten journalists: peo- Top: Kolistan Haleb, senior editor for Jalalabad tion that specializes in building up local media in his office, he wipes the dirt from the top of two ple in government positions, people outside of Radio and Television Afghanistan (center), with postconflict situations. I was hired to go out into warm cans of Coca-Cola before handing one the government. But considering the condition Barry Salaam (right). Bottom: state broadcast sta- the provinces and train local radio reporters. This each to Barry and me. We have just returned from of Afghanistan and the years of anarchy there, tion in Mazar-e-Sharif. was to be Journalism 101: everything from how the reporters’ meeting across town, and we are the violations so far of the freedom of the press Afghan radio personalities Jamila Restin (left) and Farida Helleh read the news on the “Good Morning to use a minidisc recorder to how to conduct a anxious to ask this seasoned Afghan journalist have been negligible. If you ask me if I am happy nalists, we’re both beginning to feel a quiet wave Afghanistan” program in Kabul. The hour-long radio show, a mixture of news, interviews, and feature packages, differs from traditional programs that focus on government propaganda and Islamic teachings. fair and balanced interview. But the ethical part what he thinks about the country’s fragile free with the free press today and with the protection of futility wash over us—a futility neither of us of the training was proving a bit challenging. press. of the free press today—yes, I am happy. I am not wants to admit. We ask Haleb if he thinks it’s The reporters have been gathered here at the How do you teach someone about news judg- “We are trapped,” he says with sad, knowing Bureau of Information in the eastern city of ment when the only things on the radio for five eyes. “I know what a free press looks like, and Jalalabad to discuss a recent editorial in a Kabul years under the Taliban were propaganda and Afghanistan is a long way away from that.” He I lean over and ask . . . why no one seems to want to refute newspaper, which accused reporters in the prayers? How do you teach someone how to put recounts the story of a military commander provinces of breaching journalistic ethics. The together a balanced news story when questioning who showed up at his newsroom, demanding the actual charges of nepotism and bribery. editorial claimed that journalists in Jalalabad and the government or its work can mean getting that the station rebroad- Kandahar take bribes from government officials fired—or getting killed? cast a rather favorable and maintain inappropriate personal relation- My partner in these training workshops is a interview with him. The ships with senior military officers, compromising young Afghan man, Barry Salaam. Four years ago piece had already aired “Because it’s true,” he replies, the news they write and broadcast. under the Taliban, Salaam was selling goods from once, but the commander After discussing the article and its implications a wooden cart in the streets of Kabul to support ordered the news director “and they have no idea how to begin to deal with it.” for half an hour or so, the self-proclaimed leader of his mother and four siblings. Now, at the age of to air the story three more times over the the group offers a draft letter, challenging the 26, he is the managing editor of the country’s course of the day. When the editor refused, the author of the editorial to come up with concrete most popular radio news program and one of the commander threatened the entire news staff complaining,” said Karzai. worthwhile to talk about things like balance and examples of journalistic corruption. The group most influential voices in Afghanistan’s emerging and their families. The governor of Jalalabad But people like Haleb are not so satisfied. bias. Should we stick to less controversial topics, agrees to send the response, and each man signs free press. eventually dismissed the commander as a result The day is coming to a close for the 60-year- like how to hold a microphone or how to use his name as they pass the handwritten letter Salaam and I had traveled to Mazar-e-Sharif, of his behavior, but Haleb says the story exem- old reporter. It’s almost eight o’clock: time for sound effects? Haleb leans forward in the white around the room. The young men are visibly upset Herat, and Jalalabad to conduct a series of three- plifies the anarchic nature of the provinces, him to begin the three-hour drive home to his plastic chair, removes his black-tinted glasses, by the accusations: they wax on about how their day reporting workshops. With each trip, it which often leaves Afghan journalists caught in village where his wife, children, and grandchil- and smiles. “A little over two years ago, even talk- reputations are being undermined and their honor became more and more clear that outside Kabul, the crossfire. dren wait for him to eat dinner. Before he leaves, ing about the idea of a free press could land you as journalists is being debased. I lean over and ask journalism is anything but balanced and the press National leaders say they are making every he asks us if we have any other questions. Barry in a Taliban jail,” he says. “Things are slowly my colleague Barry Salaam why no one seems to anything but free. We interviewed reporters, effort to protect freedom of speech. Afghanistan’s and I are supposed to conduct a training session changing here, and we must push that change want to refute the actual charges of nepotism and news directors, and editors who cited myriad Deputy Minister of Information and Culture, the next day for his reporters, and we’re feeling forward. It is never good to be kept in the dark, bribery. “Because it’s true,” he replies, “and they examples of manipulation and intimidation of Abdul Mubarez, is quick to name the dozens of apprehensive. After our conversations with to be kept blind. We must always learn more, and have no idea how to begin to deal with it.” journalists by government officials. An estimated newspapers that have sprung up in Kabul since Haleb and other reporters earlier in the day then when the window opens and the opportuni- The lines of journalistic ethics are blurred in 90 percent of the news broadcast or printed in the fall of the Taliban. He proudly takes credit about ethics and the constraints on Afghan jour- ty comes—we will be ready.”

22 SIPA NEWS SIPA NEWS 23 The Chechen Dilemma By Marisa Robertson-Textor

t was ten years ago this June that I first set foot on Russian soil. Over the past decade,

I have sung in a Siberian karaoke bar to a standing ovation, shepherded a former U.S.

senator around the Kremlin, and taught English to the mentally ill. With each new

experience, I sought to steep myself a little further in the culture of what would even-

tually become my second homeland.

IBut until this past summer there was one crucial community—is not a simple one. It is not simple, first aspect of life in post-Soviet Russia that I avoided like of all, because Russia—a former empire encompassing the plague: the ongoing military conflict in Chechnya. 89 provinces, 11 time zones, and scores of minority lan- In the early days, this was easy enough to do. From the guages and ethnic groups—is a far from simple place. moment Chechnya declared its independence from the In Russia, as anyone who has ever spent an evening newly founded Russian Federation in 1991, the con- sitting around a kitchen table there will tell you, every flict has cast a pall over the entire country. That said, statement can be refuted; every argument has a coun- at first it was just one of many political, social, and eco- terargument. Depending on whom you talk to, the nomic upheavals wrought by the collapse of the Soviet source of the conflict in Chechnya is Islamic funda- Union. With few exceptions, those not directly affected mentalism, Russian imperialism, Chechen militarism, by the conflict were able to ignore it. As casualties or ancient ethnic hatreds. In fact, it is a combination of Russian soldiers look out from mounted, this became more difficult. And yet while all of the above. Until one actually takes the plunge, a truck as they cross the Chechnya has been an integral part of the new Russian working to resolve the Chechen conflict seems so com- Chechen-Ingush border 27 Zeitgeist, over a decade later it remains one of the plex—and hopeless—that the best response seems to December 1999 on their way least-analyzed issues of the post-Soviet transition. be none at all. to Chechnya. Chechen fighters The dilemma Chechnya represents—to its own pop- The roots of the current military conflict run deep. repelled Russian attempts to ulation, the Russian Federation, and the international In 1859, following decades of fighting, the region push into the center of Grozny as rebel President Aslan Maskhadov vowed to defend the capital to the last man. SIPA NEWS 25 Top, left to right: Refugees rally against the war in Chechnya; a woman distributes bread as residents of Grozny line up for humanitarian aid sent by the Emergency Ministry; a Chechen freedom fighter stands on a street in front of his guerrilla compan- ions; a Chechen woman casts her bal- lot at a polling station in the village of Alpatovo, about 100km from Grozny; a mother mourns the loss of her son. Bottom: An Orthodox priest walks in front of a coffin carried by comrades during the funeral service of Russian paratroopers killed in Chechnya that took place in their native city of Pskov. known today as Chechnya was annexed to Tsarist Extrajudicial executions are not uncommon during result of the conflict. “In interviewing Chechen vic- To call the Chechnya Justice Project a growth parency on the part of the Russian Federation Simple and logical as this plan sounds, many Russia. Following the October Revolution of such operations. tims of human rights abuses, it became clear that industry is no exaggeration: during the period of would do much to ease this cycle of violence. experts on the conflict are skeptical as to whether 1917, Bolsheviks gained and lost the territory The legal aid organization for which I worked one of the important issues was accountability,” January 2000–November 2002 alone, the Office Currently, the Russian government’s doors remain the Russian government possesses the political several times before eventually securing it as part this summer, the Chechnya Justice Project, is a says Lohman. “There were many incidents where of the Special Representative of the President of closed to such key international monitoring bodies will to implement it. Aaron Rhodes, executive of the new Soviet state. Following the German groundbreaking initiative that utilizes international there was strong evidence of wrongdoing by Russian the Russian Federation on Human Rights and as the UN Special Rapporteur on Torture and the director of the International Helsinki Federation, invasion of Southern Russia in 1943, the entire legal institutions to address such human rights vio- soldiers, but no one in Russia was paying attention.” Freedoms in the Chechen Republic received 1,568 UN Special Rapporteur on Extrajudicial, Summary, considers the constitutional referendum held in Chechen population, together with a handful of lations. It helps individual victims of abuses at the By tracking victims of human rights abuses appeals regarding kidnappings and another 1,085 or Arbitrary Executions. Chechnya this past spring—which President Putin other ethnic groups designated as “enemy peo- hands of Russian authorities file cases with the over time, Lohman discovered a patent unwilling- appeals regarding other crimes. The overwhelming That the international community has eased off referred to in his Columbia address as a ”great ples,” was deported to Central Asia as part of European Court of Human Rights in Strasbourg. A ness on the part of Russian authorities to identify majority of these appeals cited the Russian feder- pressure on Russia in recent years is a product of success”—as “one of the most corrupt, illegal, Stalin’s campaign to discourage Nazi collabora- civil court that allows for individual petitioning and question eyewitnesses to the abuses and take al forces as the perpetrators. the new global environment. “The events of 9/11 Potemkin village-type frauds that has taken place tion. It is estimated that half the Chechen popu- against governments, the European Court of Human steps to secure material evidence of the crimes. One of the more curious aspects of the conflict made it much more difficult for the U.S. to push in the entire post-Soviet period.” lation perished during the deportation. Chechens Rights, holds jurisdiction over all member countries “The thought kept gnawing at me that a lot of is widespread ignorance within Russia of the atroci- only began to be repatriated to the North of the Council of Europe. The Russian Federation these cases were perfect for the European Court,” ties that form the basis of the Chechnya Justice Depending on whom you talk to, the source of the Caucasus in 1956. acceded to the Council of Europe in 1997. says Lohman. While at home in the Netherlands in Project’s work. One explanation for this phenome- Just prior to the dissolution of the Soviet Union The Chechnya Justice Project is the brainchild of the summer of 2001, he set out to secure small non is fatigue, pure and simple: after almost a conflict in Chechnya is Islamic fundamentalism, Russian in December 1991, Chechnya declared its inde- human rights activist Diederik Lohman, who, while grants that would allow for the founding of an inde- decade of warfare, those Russians not directly impli- pendence under the leadership of Soviet military serving as the director of the Moscow office of pendent organization to take these cases to the cated simply lack the energy to care about a conflict imperialism, Chechen militarism, or ancient ethnic hero Dzhokar Dudayev. In December 1994, then- Human Rights Watch in 2000, made numerous European Court of Human Rights. The Chechnya that waxes and wanes but never seems to end. This president Boris Yeltsin ordered a military interven- missions to Ingushetia, the province bordering Justice Project—a joint Dutch-Russian organiza- attitude was brought home to me over the course of tion into the region to reestablish control over what Chechnya to which many refugees had fled as a tion staffed largely by Russian citizens—was born. the summer. With a few notable exceptions, my hatreds. In fact, it is a combination of all of the above. had quickly become a de facto independent state. Moscow friends listened patiently to stories about Despite a cease-fire in July 1995, fighting between my work but remained unmoved by the ongoing Russia on Chechnya,” says Maureen Greenwood, Unfortunately, this pattern looks to continue. Russian troops and Chechen separatists continued abuses against Chechen civilians and unconvinced advocacy director for Europe and the Middle East On October 5, Chechnya held republican presiden- until the signing of a peace treaty in August 1996. that such abuses required legal redress. at Amnesty International. Russia’s claims that tial elections, with the Kremlin’s candidate, The withdrawal of Russian troops from the region Experts attribute this minimal public opposi- Chechen freedom fighters are funded by interna- Akhmad Kadyrov, sweeping an estimated 80 per- saw a steady rise in crime, including ransom kid- tion to the second war to recent governmental tional radical Islamic organizations had rendered cent of the vote—a figure many experts find less nappings of Chechen, Russian, and foreign civil- crackdowns on independent media, as well as the issue largely untouchable. than credible, given the general climate of violence ians, with the factional Chechen government large- restricted access to the territory of Chechnya for The palpable reluctance of the United States and intimidation in the region and the withdrawal ly unable to maintain control over the region. journalists and human rights monitors alike. In this and other Western democracies to pressure Russia of all viable competitors in the race. The Russian military returned to Chechnya in information vacuum, the majority of Russians are on Chechnya is matched by the current Russian Dismal as the current outlook is, it remains my September 1999 following a Chechen incursion disproportionately aware of crimes committed by leadership’s refusal to submit to any such pres- sincere hope that the Chechen and Russian civil- into the neighboring republic of Dagestan and a Chechen rebels, among them an ever-increasing sure. During his September 25 speech at ian populations—together with international lead- series of apartment bombings in central Russian number of attacks on civilians in Russian cities far Columbia University, President Vladimir Putin ers, institutions, and activists—may yet exert pres- cities widely blamed on Chechen rebels. The fight- removed from the center of the conflict. In partic- referred obliquely to the Chechen conflict as a sure on the Russian authorities to bring the current ing continues to this day, with both sides routinely ular, the recent emergence of a number of female “serious domestic political problem.” In the presi- cycle of violence to a halt. During his September violating the rights of the civilian population. suicide bombers has had pundits discussing the dent’s words, normal life in the region is in the 25 address, President Putin declared that the Russian troops continue to conduct large-scale “Palestinization” of the conflict, a term suggesting process of being restored. Once a proper govern- Chechen people both want and deserve peace, and targeted operations during which they detain an ever-strengthening cycle of violence that neither mental infrastructure is in place, Putin said, the security, and restoration of normal life. Let us hold men, often arbitrarily, while searching for rebel side has the political will to resolve. region will enjoy a measure of autonomy from the him to his words. fighters hiding among the civil population. A greater degree of accountability and trans- federal government.

26 SIPA NEWS SIPA NEWS 27 THE AMAZON SCHOOL: PROMOTING HUMAN RIGHTS AND THE ENVIRONMENT

By Ama Marston

he man in the feathered headdress seems slightly out of place standing Tbefore the group of students in an institutional-looking classroom. The bright yellow and red macaw feathers draw atten- tion to his dark angular features and identify him as a Shuar leader. He has journeyed, like the other participants, from deep in the jun- gle to participate in the Amazon School, a three-month program designed to teach com- munity leaders from the Amazon Basin about human rights and environmental issues. This training is one of the few human rights based approaches to examining the destruction caused by extractive industries, particularly transnational oil companies. “The dream of the school is to form an extended community of indigenous people and the environmental movement in the North and the South that together can pro- mote change, change that addresses human rights, social justice, and environ- mental issues,” says Paulina Garzon, cofoun- Huaorani Indians protest in front of the Superior Court in the der of the Amazon School and of the Center Amazonian town of Lago Agrio at the start of a landmark trial, where indigenous rainforest peoples are seeking to force ChevronTexaco to for Economic, Social, and Cultural Rights clean up the environmental contamination left behind from Texaco's 28 SIPA NEWS oil drilling operations in the Ecuadorean Amazon. (CDES). The school was founded, following decades sion have intensified to the point that the Inter- dents becomes apparent at the end of the fourth of environmental abuse by Texaco, the leading American Commission on Human Rights has week. Just before the students are excused for the oil company in Ecuador, to address the increasing ordered the Ecuadorean government to take weekend, Garzon, calls one last meeting to thank violation of indigenous and peasant communities’ urgent measures to protect the lives and safety of the students for a hard week of work and basic rights both in Ecuador and throughout the the community leaders. Still, the government announce a surprise. Amazon Basin. “Texaco has inadvertently been defiantly backs the companies and insists that Juan Rodriguez Fuentes, a Piraos community the number one recruiter for the pro-human Sarayacu accept the project or risk further mili- leader from Colombia and one of the most out- rights and anti-oil movement in the Amazon tary action. spoken members of the group, has prepared a Region,” says Kenny Bruno, cofounder of the The people of Sarayacu have not forgotten poem for everyone, “The Fury of the Amazon.” school and program director for EarthRights the experience of the U’wa community. “We have He begins: International, the U.S.-based NGO that is unanimously decided that we won’t allow CGC responsible for the school, along with CDES. to enter our lands,” explains Hernan Malaver I remember that I was a poor and laborious peasant “Those who have seen the abusive practices of Santi, a leader-in-training from Sarayacu and one With Indian blood that boils in the veins the company are so appalled that they have been of the youngest students at the school. “We have driven to make sure it doesn’t happen again.” seen from our friends in the Northeastern jungle He laments the absence of his ancestors and Between 1972 and 1990, Texaco had free rein [of Ecuador] that the oil companies bring prob- those who have abandoned the struggle for their to open new territory in the Ecuadorean Amazon, lems. They contaminate the air and water and community’s rights. The students listen with tired invading indigenous communities’ lands. During totally destroy the forest. They operate in cor- faces, their eyes glazed over. But as Juan begins this time, the company discharged 4.3 million rupt ways.” the last stanza, the group is lifted from their gallons of toxic waste daily into the environment. Top: Siro Chumpi, a Shuar student from Ecuador, can be identified as a community leader by his While the students’ communities such as exhaustion. macaw feather headdress. Right, top: Ecuadorean Indians march to the Superior Court of Justice in the Harvard medical studies have revealed extremely Sarayacu and those of the U’wa are at different Amazonian town of Lago Agrio. Right, center: Students work in groups to write letters to the president high levels of carcinogens in the water supplies as of Peru to express concerns about the proposed Camisea gas-line project. Right, bottom: Students work stages in their struggles, the David and Goliath A consolation for my heart, a result, causing elevated rates of cancer and together to prepare view-finders for a documentary photography course. task of confronting the multinational companies is The Amazon School a common theme. There is no way to address these Navigating through valleys of tears The people’s peaceful resistance was met with violent military repres- issues without looking at the root causes, partic- I came across the Shuar, Achuar, and Kichwa ularly poverty, foreign debt, and special econom- Huaranis, Chiquitanos, and Shipibos sion, in one case killing three small children. Left with little recourse, ic interests that are driving forces behind many Wayuu, U’wa, and Piaroas, of the concessions given to the transnationals. They are brothers of my race seventeen U’wa communities collectively decided to commit suicide if During the second week of class, Patricio The path of life Pazmiño, director of CDES, asks, “Can the That which marks destiny the drilling went ahead. actions of a small community in the jungle effect To you my friends the decisions of a large multinational corporation I wish you happiness with branches around the world?” The majority For the Amazon jungle other illnesses in the 30,000 people living closest al identities, different languages, and varying lev- consulting the communities. of the students initially answer “no.” Despite the I leave my inspiration to Texaco’s operations. The complaints against els of leadership experience. Diversity provides “When they arrived at the Asouwa office to fact that communities such as the U’wa provide For the oil companies only my damnation. the company, which have now been conglomer- the students with opportunities to learn from one tell us of the [oil] exploration, the contracts had an encouraging example, this reaction is indica- ated into an international court case, are indica- another and create a network of support within already been signed,” he explains. The people’s tive of the weight they feel in confronting such The group applauds loudly. There is no doubt tive of the impact of the oil industry in the the Amazon. “I came to learn from the other stu- peaceful resistance was met with violent military large interests and complex problems. that the remaining two months of the course will Amazon and embody much of what the students dents,” says Arturo Rotarbaria, director of the repression, in one case killing three small chil- of resistance to the multinational corporations. Nonetheless, one of the students boldly breaks present greater challenges than the students have at the school are either confronting in their own Association of the U’wa (Asouwa) in Colombia. dren. Left with little recourse, seventeen U’wa For the past five years a consortium of from the crowd after a long pause and says that expected. But somehow they seem revitalized by a communities or are doggedly working to avoid. “I hope we will find solidarity and be able to communities collectively decided to commit sui- ChevronTexaco (USA) and CGC (Argentina) he thinks it can be done, despite the fact that it reminder of their diverse cultural identities and This year’s class is the largest and most diverse work together, because the problems in cide if the drilling went ahead. “We didn’t want has attempted to begin oil exploration in block is difficult, which spurs further discussion. strengthened by the thought that the school has since the school began in 2000, representing Colombia are the same as here in Ecuador and to die at the hands of the armed forces. We 23, a concession granted by the Ecuadorean gov- Yet it is one thing to discuss and quite anoth- brought them together to learn from one another nine different indigenous groups from five coun- much of Latin America.” would rather kill ourselves,” said Rotarbaria. The ernment, which is mostly comprised of the com- er to act. During the third week of school, and support each other in their struggles. Despite tries in the Amazon Basin—Ecuador, Peru, While each student has his or her own expe- extremity of the situation quickly drew interna- munity of Sarayacu’s ancestral land. Despite the Kruger Pacaya, a Shipibo community leader from the numerous challenges the students face, they Bolivia, Venezuela, and Colombia. The students rience to share, Arturo’s presence is particularly tional attention. By May 2002, the project community’s rejection of the project, the compa- Peru, receives a message that an activist from a have found unity in their conviction to defend have come on foot, in canoes, or bush-planes important because of the U’wa community’s vic- became such a public relations nightmare that ny has made repeated attempts to bribe leaders in community neighboring his own has been killed their communities and their common home, the from deep in the jungle before taking buses and tory against the California-based oil company, Oxy was forced to withdraw. an effort to divide the community. Women have while defending the forest against loggers. It is a culturally and biologically diverse Amazon jungle. planes to reach the school, which is on the out- Occidental (Oxy). According to Rotarbaria, in This victory has been an important one not played a particularly important role in the resist- reminder that being an advocate for one’s com- skirts of the Ecuadorean capital of Quito. 1992 Oxy entered the area, accompanied by mil- only for the U’wa communities, but also for the ance, organizing the community and confronting munity in the Amazon is a life-or-death matter Ama Marston, MIA ’04, is concentrating in Economic and Although they share the Amazon Basin as a itary force. The Colombian government had entire indigenous movement in the Amazon, par- the armed forces with peaceful protests. on many levels. Political Development and International Media and common home, the students have unique cultur- given Oxy the right to begin exploration without ticularly for groups currently in the earlier stages Nonetheless, company and government repres- The toll that these weighty issues take on stu- Communications.

30 SIPA NEWS SIPA NEWS 31 ered his prominent talent as a means to reach his But his fate was to be different from other Eastern,” according to Nathaniel Batchelder, an aspiration. Pumped by the physical challenge of Middle Eastern male immigrants in the United Oklahoma Peace House activist. “And he con- his journey and driven by the motivation to States. As a youth in Iran, Baluchi had been veys the desire to connect with us. He personifies “show what an Iranian can do,” he left the coun- arrested and punished for “crimes” that included the wish we all have for peace.” In Oklahoma A MARATHON A DAY: try in 1996 with $400 in his pocket. wearing a Michael Jackson tee-shirt; carrying a City, Baluchi visited the national memorial of the AN IRANIAN’S QUEST BECOMES SOURCE OF GLOBAL INSPIRATION But drifting through various cultures and banned prerevolutionary movie; and eating dur- 1995 bombing attack and attended a reception experiencing different encounters was an incred- ing Ramadan, the sacred Muslim period of fast- held by Code Pink, a peace organization. By Ladane Nasseri ible eye- and mind-opener. Touched by the gen- ing. These run-ins with Iranian authorities lent Batchelder describes Baluchi’s story as one of erosity of those who crossed his path, Baluchi credibility to Baluchi’s appeal, allowing his faith in humanity. believed he should do something to help in lawyer to prevent his deportation from the In Tennessee, Baluchi was perceived as a pos- return. Using an Iranian expression, he explains: United States. itive role model for Iranian-American kids strug- “You see, when a hand washes the other hand, the latter turns and cleans the face.” Baluchi’s perspective became enlarged, and so did the nature of his statement. He began adopt- ing the self-assigned role of facilitator between nations and cultures following the September 11 tragedy, when he decided that he was a messen- ger of peace between all races and religions. “For the anniversary of September 11,” he claimed, “I will deliver my message of hope at Ground Zero, the eye of the world.” “New York. My dream!” Baluchi’s expedition across Europe, Asia, Baluchi paying respects at the Sept. 11 memorial in Shanksville, Pa. (left); Sept. 11, 2003: the final leg—crossing the George Washington Bridge (center); Baluchi carrying the 13 pairs of shoes he went Australia, Latin America, and, finally North through during his cross-country run. gasps Reza Baluchi, overwhelmed by emo- America was fraught with difficulties. He suf- fered from hunger on many occasions, slept with Support from the people in Arizona also con- gling to straddle the wide culture gap between tion, to one of his numerous supporters on his bike on roadsides, and washed in rivers. He tributed to his release. Following an article about Iran and their new home. “Our generation has caught malaria in Zimbabwe, was hit by a car in him in the Arizona Republic, a support group, the been the silent majority in this society,” explains the cell phone. “I made it! I made it!” he says, South Africa, and had a severe intestinal disease Arizona Alliance for Peaceful Justice, launched Abbas Yavari, the 44-year-old president of the in the Amazon basin. The boat he was on to the “Free Reza” campaign. Friends and supporters Iranian Association of Middle Tennessee. “But his voice shaking as he starts sobbing. Panama almost capsized. He cried many times, addressed countless letters to immigration offi- Reza is accomplishing something that shows our out of disappointment, pain, and fear of not cials appealing on behalf of Baluchi. Immigration children they can get more involved in the It’s September 11, 2003, and the last day of being able to make it still farther. Judge LaMonte Freercks conceded and granted American society, that they too can do some- Sometimes the problems he encountered Baluchi political asylum, even handing him a box thing special.” a seven-year running and cycling endeavor were less personal in nature but equally critical to of chocolate as a token of his support. Twenty-three-year-old Iranian-American achieving his goal. “I would just not be given the Free to resume his mission, Baluchi announced Neemah Esmailpour, who traveled alongside in the name of peace that has taken the 31- visa,” says Baluchi. “What can you do with an that he would go to California and, this time, run Baluchi between Arkansas and New York, says, Iranian passport? So I had to change plans and across the nation toward New York. “Running is “Baluchi has figured something that a lot of peo- year-old Iranian-born Baluchi across a record cycle all the way back. I would cry and cry but I more difficult,” he believes, “and my message of ple out there have not: You can do anything if would pedal and pedal, sometimes up to 180 peace will be that much stronger.” you put your mind to it.” 49,700 miles through 55 countries. miles a day.” Baluchi’s story could have been just about On this morning of September 11, 2003, Baluchi believes that his nationality also hin- immigration, but his global journey, thanks to his Baluchi finally ran across the George The sight of this small man with wiry arms, from all walks of life, with many of them turning five years of elementary education. As a teenag- dered his chances by preventing him from being faith and infinite willpower, embraced an Washington Bridge, holding a large American sturdy thighs, and a face drowned in tears is out to support him in this moment of triumph. er, Baluchi took up cycling as part of a team. sponsored. “If I had been European, I would have extraordinary social and political dimension. His flag, followed by several of his fans. His request incongruous. But his appearance is understand- Born in 1972 in a small agricultural village in What initially inspired Baluchi to undertake been sponsored. I would have made it in a year!” optimistic outlook on the world and contagious to access Ground Zero’s site was not accepted; able, given the incredible nature of his achieve- the north of Iran, Baluchi took up running to alle- this global journey toward the United States is he says. idealism soothed the hidden grievances of people instead, he ended his journey further downtown ment. Baluchi began the U.S. leg of his trip on viate boredom. “There was not much to do back not immediately apparent. Certainly he was dis- Baluchi ran into even bigger problems in the he met on his route. His universal message at Battery Park. Surrounded by dozens of admir- May 11, when he left Los Angeles, running an home,” he says. “I liked to run. I would run from satisfied with the strict living conditions in the United States. To the U.S. immigration patrol spurred many to offer him food, shelter, odd ers, Baluchi is exhausted but triumphant. His yel- average of 31 miles a day—a distance in excess of my house to school and then run back in the Islamic Republic of Iran and seduced, as many that discovered him near the border with Mexico jobs, and all types of random support (such as low bike, his only possession, lies next to one of a marathon run a day—in order to make it on afternoon.” When he was nine, he ran away from underprivileged males, by the alluring image of in November 2002, he was just another illegal free consultations by a dentist and a cardiolo- the park’s statues. Against its wheels is one of his time to New York and pay homage to the victims home, much farther this time, until he eventually Western salvation. “I am the son of agriculturists Middle Eastern immigrant. He was taken to the gist). His disarming naiveté inspired others to many signs. It reads: “War is not the answer.” of the World Trade Center on the second reached his aunt’s house in the capital, Tehran. and I don’t have much education,” he explains, Florence Immigration and Naturalization adopt his hopes for a better future. anniversary of the attacks. Along the way, There, he began working as an apprentice in a “but I biked. That’s what I did best.” To Baluchi, Services detention facility in Arizona, where he “Reza looks Middle Eastern, sounds Middle Ladane Nasseri, MIA ’04, is concentrating in International Baluchi won the hearts of hundreds of supporters mechanic’s shop, dropping out of school after it only seemed natural to apply what he consid- was held for four months. Eastern, and certainly says that he is Middle Media and Communications.

32 SIPA NEWS SIPA NEWS 33 INSIDE SIPA INSIDE SIPA

Mary Robinson Delivers Silver Lecture by Katja Salsbäck Ambassador Richard Holbrooke Gives First Donald and Vera Blinken Annual Lecture by Volker Berghahn

an independent advocate, she makes use of her n April 30, 2003, the Institute for the Study Still, he felt that the main name recognition to promote human rights stan- of Europe (ISE) held its first Donald and responsibility for the cri- dards in fields such as international trade, OVera Blinken Annual Lecture, endowed by sis had to be borne by HIV/AIDS, and migration. the co-chair of the ISE’s International Advisory Washington. Thus, Presi- Poverty is a main obstacle to achieving ethi- board and his wife. The speaker was Ambassador dent Bush should never cal globalization and human rights for all, Richard Holbrooke, who was introduced by Fritz have pushed for a second according to Robinson. Therefore, we must turn Stern, University professor emeritus at Columbia resolution of the UN our attention to economic and social rights. and former special adviser to the speaker while Security Council. It was She reminded the audience that the founders he was U.S. ambassador to Germany in the this insistence that proved of the UN had envisioned an indivisible body of 1990s. so divisive to European- rights. “Human rights means all human rights— Ambassador Holbrooke spoke about recent American relations and, economic, social, and cultural as well as civil and developments in the European-American rela- no less importantly, seri- political,” Robinson said emphatically. tionship. He began his remarks by focusing on ously weakened the Uni- She criticized the United States for neglect- the dramatic change that had occurred in this ted Nations. ing economic and social rights. “In this country, relationship between the time of the Al Qaeda Referring to Robert people have to realize that among the most attacks on New York and Washington on Kagan’s recent book, Of important rights are the rights to nutrition and September 11, 2001, and the spring of 2003. Paradise and Power: America water,” she said. Inquiring into the reasons for this change, he and Europe in the New World Robinson spoke with the same conviction and argued that there had been various problems Order, Holbrooke ended by denying that Ameri- Ambassador Richard Holbrooke (left) talks determination that may have driven her when, at before “9/11” that had been exacerbated by the cans and Europeans lived on different planets, on with James Cunningham, Deputy United States Representative to the United Nations, after ary Robinson, the former president of age 25, she became a senator and Ireland’s blunt style of diplomacy of the incoming Bush Mars and Venus. The enemy was not Europe, but delivering the Blinken lecture. Ireland who one year ago completed her youngest law professor at Trinity College in administration. He mentioned as examples the Al Qaeda and—he added—major humanitarian Mterm as UN High Commissioner for Dublin. In 1990, she was the first woman to be outright rejection of two important international crises such as the HIV/AIDS epidemic. None of Human Rights, conveyed a clear and forceful mes- elected Ireland’s president. Seven years later Kofi treaties relating to climate change, on the one these crises could be solved by the United States sage at SIPA: an ethical globalization is only pos- Annan, on the lookout for “a superstar” to fill the hand, and to the International Criminal Court in alone but required close trans-Atlantic coopera- sible if we focus on economic and social rights. post of High Commissioner for Human Rights, The Hague, on the other. The attacks on New tion. The task for Washington was therefore to Standing tall behind the podium, Robinson offered the job to Robinson. York and Washington, he continued, provided show leadership that would bring other nations delivered this year’s Gabriel Silver Memorial As high commissioner, she was admired for fresh opportunities to foster transatlantic rela- in rather than divide them. The United States Lecture on October 28 with the elegant combi- her integrity and courage. She openly criticized tions when the Europeans, in a strong show of could not run the world on its own and hope to nation of authority and lightness that comes from U.S. military action in Afghanistan and the support, offered to join the effort to destroy the recreate the international system unilaterally. If years in public office. She let serious words of prison camp in Guantánamo Bay. Her criticism of Taliban regime as well as Al Qaeda and to recon- the maxim of cooperation and skillful diplomacy commitment and concern blend with jokes and the United States allegedly led Washington to struct Afghanistan. But the U.S. administration, had been observed, many of the problems that self-deprecating humor. block the renewal of her term in 2002. instead of following the cooperative policy had arisen over the previous months could have In her speech, entitled “Ethical Globalization: Although Robinson today shares concerns adopted during the Bosnian crisis, decided to go been avoided. Connecting Human Rights, Human Devel- about the emergence of global actors, such as it alone. Only belatedly did the White House Following his remarks, Holbrooke answered a opment, and Human Security,” she told the audi- multinational companies, which are difficult to and the Pentagon recognize its “colossal” error number of questions from the large audience on ence that globalization today did not adequately hold responsible for human rights violations, she and bring in other nations to stabilize the country. the relations of the United States with Russia, address the concerns of people in poor countries. remains convinced that human rights are invalu- Then, Holbrooke continued, came the deci- France, and Germany and ended with comments Robinson said that she would like to see more able tools in promoting global justice. “On the sion to wage war on Iraq, which, in light of the on the Cyprus question, in which he has long integrated policies at the national and interna- international level human rights are not vague horrendous crimes committed by Saddam taken a special interest. tional level, and that an economically connected words or wooly concepts, but a system of hold- Hussein, he supported in principle. But again he world must also be connected by values. “Human ing governments accountable,” she said. was critical of the way America’s allies had been Volker Berghahn is director of the Institute for the Study of rights can be the rules of the road for an ethical treated in the time preceding the invasion. To be Europe and Seth Low Professor of History. globalization,” said Robinson. Katja Salsbäck, MIA ’04, is concentrating in International sure, the Europeans also had to bear their share Today, the former high commissioner heads Media and Communications. of the blame for the “train wreck” that resulted. an NGO, the Ethical Globalization Initiative. As

34 SIPA NEWS SIPA NEWS 35 INSIDE SIPA INSIDE SIPA

Picker Center News: The Southeast Asia Fellows Program Dean’s Trip Builds SIPA Ties to Middle Eastern Schools by Susan Grove and Katrin Wilde by Jeff Rigsby

eeting the Southeast Asia fellows last year advocacy should be delegated to a specialist, but on behalf of the entire France’s Sciences Po, both of which offer dual left me impressed by their dedication, the now I am aware how everyone in the organization Columbia community. The degrees with SIPA. Mdepth of their understanding of issues, can be involved, and I think this is useful also for reception, one of the first Though none of the Arab schools now offers their experience, and by their lighthearted open- our society.” A project assistant working on health events connected with the a degree in public policy, the crucial building ness to questions. Speaking with them about edu- and nutrition education in rural areas in Myanmar University’s 250th anniver- blocks are already in place, Anderson says: “They cation, homelessness, and poverty was an invig- evaluated the program by writing, “I now have sary, drew attendees from have political science, they have economics; orating experience, an encounter that revealed wider thinking about project management and a throughout Turkey. AUC has a good business school that teaches new angles of development problems and infused better understanding of how to develop a project But the dean, a North management and a strong human rights program; my studies with energy. The stimulus they pro- proposal to make it attractive to donors.” Africa specialist by training, AUB has environmental studies; LAU offers con- vided deepened my interest in the region and led In addition to classes, the fellows had meet- had other business in the flict resolution.” All that’s needed, she believes, is me to intern in the Lao PDR this summer. While ings at UN offices (UNICEF, UNIFEM) and local region as well. The trip, to transfer the structure of Columbia’s program— I was there, a single phone call kicked off a gath- NGOs, such as the Fund for Reconciliation and which also took her to Tunis, essentially, a core curriculum with a set of con- ering of five past and future fellows, whose Development and Human Rights Watch, that are Beirut, and Cairo, was aimed centration options—to schools that already pro- excitement provided a glimpse of the signifi- working on human rights and development in partly at “getting a sense of vide the necessary range of courses. cance that this program of network building and Southeast Asia. These experiences gave the fel- Dean Lisa Anderson with Yalman Onaran, MIA ’93, Journalism ’92, how these places where I Such programs could offer professional train- president of the Columbia University Alumni Association of Turkey. training in development management held for lows the opportunity to make contacts and build have worked for the last 25 ing to Arabs who are unlikely to study in the them and the strength of the bond they shared. a network both within the group around the IPA Dean Lisa Anderson made a month- years were faring”—and much of the feedback she United States, and such institutional collabora- The Southeast Asia Fellows program was region, and a wide range of actors of global civil long tour of four Middle Eastern countries received was less than encouraging. “The concern tion would make it easier to recruit Arab gradu- designed to train development professionals in society. On the last day, one of the fellows, a Sthis summer, which combined alumni out- [within] the region was obviously the invasion of ate students to Morningside Heights. “If we had Southeast Asia, including national staff members credit officer working on income-generation reach and development goals with an effort to Iraq,” says Anderson, who describes the dominant a dual-degree program with these schools, we’d of NGOs, international organizations, and other with poor women in Vietnam, remarked, “The spread the SIPA model to some of the region’s Arab response to the war as one of “absolute aston- have a pipeline” that would allow SIPA students groups concerned with participatory sustainable biggest thing I gained here was a good network.” top universities. The dean believes Columbia’s ishment, frustration, shock.” to complete part of their coursework in Egypt or development in the region. The program, spon- Before leaving to return home, the fellows approach to training professionals in internation- Anderson stresses that most of her Arab Lebanon, says Anderson. sored jointly by the School of International and were already thinking about how they might al public policy might help shape similar aca- friends and colleagues are Western-educated pro- Still, academic cooperation can raise delicate Public Affairs, School for International Training apply what they learned during the course of the demic programs in the Middle East. fessionals, few of whom share the more radical political questions. “There is the element of con- (SIT), and the Global Partnership—a consortium program in their professional lives. A program According to the United Nations, such initia- sentiments sometimes associated with the region. cern that what we’re doing here is a sort of cul- of some of the world’s leading development train- officer building NGO capacity in Cambodia tives are badly needed. Last year’s widely cited Even so, she says, “there’s a sense that the [Bush] tural or intellectual imperialism,” says the dean. ing centers—selects fellows annually from remarked, “I now have concrete ideas to develop Arab Development Report, prepared on behalf of administration has swung the pendulum very, And she adds bluntly that such views are largely Cambodia, Laos, Myanmar, Thailand, Vietnam, a capacity building assessment for my partner the UN by a team of prominent intellectuals very far” in its dealings with the Middle East. For accurate: “This is an American way of thinking and China’s Yunnan Province. NGOs. I can teach and share many things I from the region, argued that flawed educational the moment, most people in the Arab world have about public policy education, but these are Directed by Associate Dean Robin Lewis and learned with them, such as monitoring and eval- systems posed a major obstacle to human devel- no trouble distinguishing between the current schools accredited in the U.S.” Moreover, echo- presented under the auspices of the Picker uation.” A Burmese refugee working to provide opment—and a newly released sequel says the administration and U.S. society as a whole, but ing the authors of the Arab Development Center, the program brings fellows to SIPA in health and education to displaced persons wrote, situation is getting worse. “it’s an open question how well that distinction Reports, Anderson argues that a “head-in-the- October, following an orientation in the “I want to make a plan for healthy development SIPA’s enrollment of Middle Eastern students will be retained over time,” the dean notes. sand” approach to international affairs—illustrat- Philippines and a four-week training session at in our region, in Asia. I received many good has never been as large as it might be, in That distinction may be crucial to one of the ed by the Syrian government’s position that it SIT in Brattleboro, Vermont. After an intensive resources here for working on policy issues.” Anderson’s estimation, and she is concerned that projects Anderson pursued this summer. SIPA “opposes globalization”—will do much less to three weeks serving as a co-coordinator for the A human resources manager working toward post-9/11 visa restrictions will discourage appli- hopes to develop joint-degree programs with advance the interests of the region than an New York portion (of a two-month stay in the issues of environmental conservation in Yunnan, cations. But both SIPA and other Columbia three English-speaking, American-style universi- informed engagement with Western norms and United States), my first impressions of the fel- China, summed up the program by commenting, schools have plenty of graduates in the Middle ties in the region: American University in Cairo institutions. lows and of the program have only deepened. “The result of our time here reflects extra East, and one segment of Anderson’s tour was (AUC), American University in Beirut (AUB), For the nine 2003 fellows, we arranged a achievements—it reminds me of a dish I ate last designed to help nurture their old school ties. and Lebanese-American University (LAU). schedule consisting of meetings with organizations night, a mixture of everything.” “We’ve lost track of a lot of alumni” in the Faculty and administrators at all three schools in New York and classes on topics such as conflict region, the dean observes—but some of the miss- were intrigued by the prospect of developing resolution, media and advocacy, and proposal and Susan Grove, MIA ’04, is concentrating in Economic and ing grads no doubt turned up at an alumni recep- public policy curricula at least partly modeled on grant writing. One of the fellows, a primary health Political Development. Katrin Wilde, MIA ’04, is concen- tion held in Istanbul, organized by Anderson and the SIPA program—something already accom- care program officer working on integrated rural trating in Human Rights. SIPA Director of Alumni Relations Rodrick Dial plished at the London School of Economics and development in Laos, stated, “I thought media and

36 SIPA NEWS SIPA NEWS 37 INSIDE SIPA INSIDE SIPA

Faculty Profile: Andrea Bubula Faculty Profile: Michael Doyle SIPA Gets a Face-Lift by Jaffer Machano by Christine Weydig OCS has a new home—and it’s designed to impress. ndrea Bubula is a lecturer in economics at and Business (IFB) stu- ichael Doyle, prominent interna- for leadership and by Saira Stewart SIPA. He is also the author and editor of dents. It is well known tional relations scholar and adviser service—a dia- Anumerous academic research papers in his that one of the high- Mto the United Nations, joined the logue from which “ s we are the Office of Career Services (OCS), I think field. His work centers primarily on the applied lights of SIPA’s MIA Columbia faculty this fall as Harold Brown SIPA students are it imperative we project a certain image as we try to econometrics of international monetary affairs. In program is that stu- Professor of Law and International Affairs. sure to benefit en- Amarket the students of this school and the degree conjunction with Inci Otker-Robe of the IMF, dents come away with His dual appointment at the School of Law ormously. The UN programs,” says OCS Director Meg Heenahan. Bubula wrote a research publication that classifies excellent economic and the School of International and Public secretary-general The $750,000 relocation was an attempt to show exchange rate regimes since 1990 from all over skills. However, many Affairs is a unique arrangement that maxi- would convene recruiters that SIPA is a professional school, adds Asso- the world. The study, titled “The Evolution of students enter this two-year program with very mizes his expertise in both arenas to the the annual conference, and Columbia ciate Dean Patrick Bohan. Exchange Rate Regimes Since 1990: Evidence little background in economics. With so little benefit of a wide range of students. University is the proposed site for the Its former layout—an awkward amalgam of rooms on from de Facto Policies,” focuses mainly on the dif- time to cover so much, Bubula has established an Doyle, previously professor of politics Colloquium’s inaugural meeting. the fourteenth floor—just wasn’t “functional,” says ference between theory and practice of the reg- extremely effective and popular online discussion and international affairs at Princeton While the Colloquium project will Heenahan. Whenever a recruiter visited the school, she imes. He is currently working on extending this board. Students find that this discussion board University, cited Columbia’s interdisciplinary increase Columbia’s global outreach on an and her staff had to scramble to find an appropriate inter- study to measure the links between exchange rate helps them compensate for their limited back- environment as a reason he chose Columbia institutional level, Professor Doyle encour- view space. The new fourth-floor office, located on the regimes and the likelihood of a currency crisis. ground and meet the rigorous demands of the over the many other high-profile universities ages vigorous exchange among students as east side of the atrium, has its own reception area and Despite his expertise, Bubula has not always program. Bubula spends a great deal of time on who were seeking to recruit him. “SIPA has well. He expresses his appreciation for the conference room. led an academic life. In fact, given his unique the discussion board answering each student’s always had a broad understanding of what pervasive volunteerism of the SIPA commu- “This is something we would have liked to have done background, one may be surprised that he even questions in detail. This makes him a favorite you need to know to be a good practitioner nity and credits the school with attracting years ago,” says Bohan, adding that the project was post- chose a career in economics and academia. topic of discussion during “happy hours.” of public service,” he said. SIPA and the Law service-oriented people. He believes that “a poned for lack of funding. Fortunately, SIPA isn’t footing While a college student Bubula also worked as a Being such a popular professor is a demanding School each exhibit strengths in areas of critical component in the academic setting the entire bill. Partial funding was made available as a police officer and pentathlon athlete. Similar to a job. Coupled with his research interests, the interest to him, such as human rights and is policy discussion and discourse to share result of another relocation effort, says Bohan, that of the triathlon in its demands, a pentathlon requires quantity of work does take a toll on him. Though international law. The administrations of ideas in a way that produces light, not heat.” new Environmental Science and Policy program. athletes to compete in horseback riding, swim- he learned to manage his time being an athlete, a both schools were enthusiastic about the What students in Professor Doyle’s cur- OCS’s move is just one in a handful of recent renova- ming, shooting, running, and fencing. Bubula police officer, and a student at the same time, he dual appointment, and their coordinated rent “Peacemaking/Peacekeeping” class seem tion projects at SIPA. The roster of changes include a made the Italian national team. After eight years acknowledges that the life of an academic is efforts and geographic proximity to one to value most is how he augments lectures refurbished cyber-café on the sixth floor, a new cluster of of serious competition, he was disappointed to much more demanding. Teaching four classes a another also influenced his decision. with anecdotes from his experience in the leather chairs in the fourth-floor lobby and a group study learn that he was not going to make the team for week and answering students’ questions through For the past two years, Doyle has served field. Doyle has much to share in this area in Lehman Library. Room 409, formerly a seminar the Olympics. Discouraged, he left the sport and the bulletin board forces him to work long into as the assistant secretary-general and special respect, considering his distinguished histo- room, has been transformed into a computer lab. began his Ph.D. studies in economics at the night. adviser to United Nations Secretary- ry in positions that include director of the So what do SIPA students think of the changes? Columbia. According to Bubula, one of the main chal- General Kofi Annan. Doyle focused on Center of International Studies of Princeton While most call the OCS arrangement a “big improve- Bubula has always enjoyed the study of eco- lenges SIPA students face is that it takes a while strategic planning and outreach to the University, chairman of the Editorial Board ment,” the sixth-floor lounge gets mixed reviews. nomics. He says that it is “fun,” and he “enjoys to see “the big picture” of their education at international private sector and intends to and the Committee of Editors of World Some students miss the relaxed informality of the old continually learning about how people make pri- Columbia. His advice for students is to “hang in continue consulting for the UN while at Politics, vice president and senior fellow of student facilities. “There was something very communal vate economic decisions and how governments there” and everything will come together in the Columbia. He will soon present a report the International Peace Academy, and mem- about the old fourth-floor lounge,” says Cheyne Munk, make policy decisions.” Not only does his charis- second semester, when they start to use and commissioned by the secretary-general. ber of the External Research Advisory MIA ’04. “Now it’s neither here nor there.” matic, joyful personality make it easy to believe apply the skills they are learning. In the mean- “The project aims to establish a Global Committee of the United Nations High Nabeeha Mujeeb Kazi, MIA ’04, says she uses the him, but also student reviews of his class consis- time, he urges students to take time to enjoy the Commission on International Migration Commissioner for Refugees and the Ad- lounge for “socializing and coffee purchasing purposes” tently attest to his love of learning and teaching. city. So how does he recommend they take that will bring former ministers together to visory Committee of the Lessons-Learned but doesn’t stay long. “The area’s set-up is not all that As a matter of fact, one of the outstanding char- advantage of the city? Well, as an Italian, he of discuss globally beneficial processes for Unit of the Department of Peace-Keeping comfortable for lounging or even working, for that matter.” acteristics of Professor Bubula is how much stu- course recommends a nice Italian meal. His best handling migration,“ Doyle explains. Operations (UN). He is still a member of But other students welcome the change. Marisa dents enjoy his class, “Economic Analysis for bet? Max Soha at 123rd and Amsterdam. “It’s Another important project Doyle has the Council on Foreign Relations and was Robertson-Textor, MIA ’04, praises the “open plan” and International Affairs.” inexpensive and authentic,” says Bubula. undertaken is the formation of a Global elected fellow of the American Academy of “convenience” of the new sixth-floor arrangement. “It’s “Economic Analysis for International Affairs” Colloquium of University Presidents. This Arts and Sciences in 2001. easier to sneak food over to the computers,” she adds. is a required class for both International Jaffer Machano, MIA ’05, is concentrating in Inter- enterprise will consider the changing role of Economic Policy (IEP) and International Finance national Economic Policy. academic institutions in the global environ- Christine Weydig, MIA ’05, is concentrating in Saira Stewart, MIA ’05, is concentrating in International ment and how students are being prepared International Media and Communications. Media and Communications.

38 SIPA NEWS SIPA NEWS 39 LETTER TO THE EDITOR SIPA INSIDE SIPA

The Real Iraq Mystery

n 1983, when I took Robert Jervis’s course on The extent of my surprise is indicated by the But I don’t think that anyone fully under- national security policy, I and many other fact that when I wrote my comment, which was stands Saddam’s behavior; I know that I don’t. SAVE THE DATE: Thursday March 4, 2004 ISIPA students found Jervis to be a brilliant and before the war started, it hardly occurred to me And this question is crucial for policy as well as unconventional thinker on difficult topics relat- that Saddam might not have WMD in the form theory. During the Cold War our policy was built Human Rights, Human Security and Human Development: ing to war and peace. of chemical if not biological weapons: other around the ability to deter an adversary that we Precepts and Principles for Humanitarian Action I was disappointed, therefore, to find that countries in the region had them, not only the could not defeat. This was uncomfortable Jervis in his short article, “The Credibility of U.S. CIA but the intelligence services of countries because it meant that the U.S. could not physi- This SIPA conference intends to address the question of how the rapid Threats against Iraq” (SIPA News, June 2003), that opposed the war thought he had them, he cally protect itself, but it was not intellectually evolution of thought and practice in the fields of human rights, human seemed wedded to conventional ways of perceiv- had expelled the inspectors, and it did not seem hard to grasp once we understood the concepts security, and human development affects humanitarian action. ing the then-impending war on Iraq. to make much sense for Saddam to fail to show of mutual second-strike capability and deterrence Jervis asks the question, “Why didn’t Iraq dis- that he had disarmed when doing so could have via the threat of punishment. What we have seen For further information and to be added to the conference mailing list, arm in the face of credible U.S. threats and dis- led to the lifting of the sanctions as well as to his with post–Cold War adversaries is quite different please contact Jess Horan at [email protected]. proportionate U.S. power?” But Jervis then staying in power. Indeed, the only person I know and harder to interpret. We were able to defeat accepts at face value claims that Iraq had not in who seriously doubted that Saddam had chemi- Saddam but not bend him to our wishes without fact disarmed—the position of the Bush adminis- cal weapons was my colleague Warner Schilling. using violence. This was not only unfortunate in tration. But the evidence back in March—and I don’t think the rest of us were foolish, but obvi- being unnecessarily wasteful and destructive, but certainly the evidence available since the U.S.- ously we were wrong. Because I believe the Bush also is puzzling. The case is not unique but is SAVE THE DATE: Tuesday March 9, 2004 British victory—indicates that as far as weapons administration was wrong as well, however, I do not paralleled by the first Gulf War, our intervention of mass destruction go, Saddam had in fact sub- think that the questions Mr. Guldin gives in his last in Kosovo, the invasion of Panama, and arguably SIPA Fourth Annual Global Leadership Awards Dinner stantially disarmed. In addition, Iraq was weak, paragraph point us in the right direction. That is, the operation in Haiti, in which we had to put The Plaza Hotel, New York City hemmed in by sanctions and inspections. In while the administration both distorted the intelli- planes in the air before Cedras agreed to leave. effect, containment was working very well. gence and consciously exaggerated it, my sense is Given American capabilities and, in all but per- Honoring The question must also be asked, “If Saddam that everyone in Washington believed that Saddam haps the Panama and Haiti cases, previous U.S. had WMDs, why didn’t he use them when U.S. did have chemical if not biological weapons. This behavior, the adversary should have known that if The Honorable Felix Rohatyn forces approached Baghdad?” Was he saving means that the question is not, “Why did the Bush it did not give in, the U.S. would successfully use Former United States Ambassador to France them for a more serious occasion? administration invade even though it knew that Iraq force to gain what was in dispute. These cases are Former Chairman, Municipal Assistance Corporation I would encourage Professor Jervis to turn his had no WMD?” In this context it isn’t even, “Why not only of academic interest, although they are probing mind to what I believe is the truly puz- were we all so wrong?” Although the latter question that. They are important for policy because there Henrique de Campos Meirelles zling question: Why did the Bush administration indeed does call for thorough investigation, the is every reason to believe that these situations will Governor of the Central Bank of Brazil feel impelled to attack Iraq? Was the main moti- central puzzle is, “Why did Saddam not make clear recur. It is therefore vital that the American gov- vation oil? Israeli security? Or perhaps a petty that he didn’t have WMD, and indeed do things ernment understand what went wrong. How did Citizens Budget Commission desire to finish off a task left undone by the first like expel the inspectors and withhold a full our adversaries see the situation? How did they President Bush? accounting of the WMD materials, and so lead the interpret our signals? How did they expect these For further information, please call 212-854-7271 or contact Yun Won world to think that he did have these weapons, encounters to unfold? Why, in the end, did they Cho at [email protected]. Bob Guldin which in turn led to his being overthrown?” not comply? Why did Milosovic first stand firm MIA ’85, Harriman Institute Some possible explanations are that the sanc- and then back down when he did? Since the U.S. Takoma Park, Md. tions were actually good for Saddam, enabling government has access to many of the people who him to blame the West for all of Iraq’s problems could begin to answer these questions, some and providing great opportunities for him to ben- progress should be possible, even if definitive efit from corruption. But this would not explain answers are not. Those of you in the government CORRECTION In the June 2003 article “SIPA’s Picker Center Robert Jervis responds: why he continued to pretend when the cost of may be interested to know that I have been unable Teams up with the New York Fire Department,” we did not properly credit the doing so was sacrificing his power. More likely, to convince officials that this should be done. Institute for Not-for-Profit Management (INM) at the Columbia Business School agree with Mr. Guldin that Saddam’s behavior he believed (probably correctly) that Bush’s real Maybe some of you can do better. for its role in the management training program with the New York Fire is puzzling, and I am distressed that so few objective was regime change, that nothing he Addendum: Apparently the interrogations of Ipeople have noted this because it has impor- could do would prevent the U.S. from invading, Tariq Aziz and others is yielding as least some Department. The program is a full collaboration between the INM and the Picker tant policy implications as well as being intellec- and that the only ray of hope was to deter the results: see Steve Coll, “Hussein Was Sure of Own Center at SIPA. tually intriguing. U.S. through the bluff that he had WMD. Survival,” Washington Post, November 3, 2003.

40 SIPA NEWS SIPA NEWS 41 DEVELOPMENT NEWS SIPA DONOR LIST SIPA

Listed below are the 321 individuals and organizations who contributed a total FWA of New York Educational Fund Eastern Star Consulting, Inc. of $250 or more to SIPA between July 1, 2002, and June 30, 2003. Not listed Genesis Ten Fidelity Investments Charitable Gift are the 701 donors who gave below $250, to whom we are very grateful. Health Insurance Plan of Greater Fund New York Douglas John Fink, MIA ’83 “C” followed by year = graduate with certificate from a regional institute Investcorp Harold P. Freeman, M.D. SIPA’s New Director of Development: Yun Won Cho “IF” followed by year = graduate of the International Fellows Program James E. Jordan, MIA ’71 Barbara J. Gallagher, MIA ’85 “MIA” followed by year = graduate with a Master in International Affairs Harley L. Lippman, MIA ’79 GDP Associates, Inc. By Jiffer Bourguignon “MPA” followed by year = graduate with a Master in Public Administration Gregory McLaughlin International Committee of Kathleen H. Mortimer Journalism, Inc. Mina Nikou Bernard Joei $1,000,000 or more Heritage Foundation of First Security hile some SIPA students fret over making a difference. There is so much talent in Vahid F. Noshirvani Lila J. Kalinich, M.D. The Freeman Foundation A. Michael Hoffman, IF ’69, MIA ’73 Poten & Partners, Inc. Anisa Kamadoli, MIA ’98 postgraduation options, Yun Won this building.” The Korea Foundation Julie Lynn Rasmussen, IF ’90, MIA ’90 Victor Alan Kovner, Esq. Cho, SIPA’s new director of devel- After completing her undergraduate studies $500,000–$999,999 James Leitner, MIA ’77 and Sandra W Marie C. Rhone Luba Labunka Carnegie Corporation of New York Leitner, MIA ’76 opment, radiates confidence. “I am very enthu- at Yale, Cho went on to earn a master’s degree Kamal A. Shair Loida N. Lewis Foundation for the Center for Lucio A. Noto siastic about SIPA’s future,” she says. in history from UCLA. Following several years Claire C. Shipman, MIA ’94 J. Bruce Llewellyn Energy, Marine Transportation, and Juan A. Sabater “I want to let the world know what a fantas- with the Brooklyn Children’s Museum and the Charlie Shirvani T. Dixon Long Public Policy Jeffrey L. Schmidt, IF ’79, C ’79 Tahereh H. Shirvani Claudette M. Mayer, IF ’76, MIA ’76 tic institution SIPA is,” adds Cho. “To do that, Asia Society, her transition to SIPA has been a Arnold A. Saltzman Shevchenko Scientific Society, Inc. Abdul Majeed Shoman Gertrude G. Michelson we will need to raise the reputation of the natural one. Ukrainian Studies Fund, Inc. Unibanco—Uniao de Bancos Anne Strickland Squadron Erna C. Neuman De Vegvar Brasileiros S.A. school hand in hand with raising money. This in “Yun comes to us with experience in both The Steiro Foundation Laszlo Papp, M.D. $250,000–$499,999 turn will benefit all SIPA stu- Charles A. Stockley Gordon Parks The Andrew W. Mellon Foundation $10,000–$24,999 dents and alumni. A SIPA Trace Foundation Wendy J. Paulson National Philanthropic Trust Mina Schricker Atabai I am excited by the opportunity to Geraldine Wang Barbara Paumgarten degree might be worth more Smith Richardson Foundation, Inc. Donald M. Blinken Percy Parker Phillips, MIA ’97 in the future than it is Mohamed Y. Zahid James L. Broadhead, Esq., IF ’63 work for a school with such a unique $2,500–$4,999 Giandomenico Picco Waleed Y. Zahid China Bazaar already worth now.” ACT-1 Personnel Services Rational Games, Inc. Thomas Cholnoky Cho, who assumed her mission in the grander context of Atlantic Advisors, LLC James Jerard Richard, MIA ’98 $100,000–$249,999 Compton Foundation, Inc. new position on August 1, The Howard Bayne Fund Blanka A. Rosenstiel Anonymous Francis Costello Columbia University. Judith Meyers Brown, IF ’71 The Rosenstiel Foundation brings a great deal of fund- The Ford Foundation Credit Industriel et Commercial Chris Casciato Alan W. Rottenberg raising expertise with her. The German Marshall Fund of the Ramzi A. Dalloul Robert Meade Chilstrom, C ’73, MIA Howard J. Rubenstein United States Richard A. Debs Previously the director of major gifts at the Asia New York–based and international fund-raising. ’69 Katherine L. Rudin The William and Flora Hewlett Edward Elson Society, Cho plans to draw on her varied fund- She is smart, savvy, and sophisticated at what Gregory R. Dalton, IF ’94, MIA ’94 Charles C. Rumsey Jr. Foundation The Elson Foundation, Inc. raising experience in her new position. She she does—a perfect addition to the SIPA com- The Dalton-Choi Family Trust Mary A. H. Rumsey Foundation Olayan Charitable Trust Exxon Mobil Education Foundation Pierre J. de Vegh Frank Savage hopes to reach out to all alumni, interested munity—and I am delighted to have her with Toyota Motor Corporation Mahshid Farahmand First Data Corporation The Shoreland Foundation friends, corporations, and foundations. Cho us,” says SIPA Dean Lisa Anderson. The World Bank Barbara Joelson Fife Elise D. Frick Charles E. Sigety The Helen Clay Frick Foundation wants to work closely with various departments “I am excited by the opportunity to work for Dr. Susan Aurelia Gitelson, MIA ’66 Springcreek Foundation—Dividend $50,000–$99,999 James Harmon within the University and all the constituents in a school with such a unique mission in the Joan Helpern Alfred C. Stepan, III, IF ’65 Anonymous The Joelson Foundation the SIPA sphere. By identifying best practices, grander context of Columbia University,” Cho The JKW Foundation Lulu Chow Wang Citigroup Foundation Walid H. Kattan Donna Karan Dennis Weatherstone she hopes to raise the bar for SIPA’s develop- says. Given Cho’s obvious enthusiasm for SIPA, Citigroup Global Markets Said T. Khoury The Karan-Weiss Foundation Wilford Welch ment efforts. she should have no problems. International Women’s Health Robert I. Kopech, MIA ’77 Brian C. Lippey, IF ’78, MIA ’78 Steven Mark Zausner, IF ’91, MIA ’91 Coalition Merrill Lynch & Company, Inc. “Our fund-raising efforts will take on differ- Peter Neill Marber, MIA ’87 The John D. and Catherine T. Royal Norwegian Consulate General ent forms—annual funds, campaigns for major Jiffer Bourguignon, MIA ’04, SIPA News coeditor, is William J. McSherry $500–999 MacArthur Foundation Saudi Arabian Oil Company initiatives, and events. I will be working very concentrating in Economic and Political Development and Meyers Charitable Family Fund Wilder K. Abbott, MIA ’61 Open Society Institute Joan Schneeweiss Arturo C. Porzecanski Brooke Astor closely with the SIPA Advisory Board in order to Human Rights. Jack Rudin James D. Seymour, C ’61 Marc Tabah, MIA ’87 Maureen R. Berman, MIA ’73 reach out to a broad range of donors. I also look Bernard and Anne Spitzer Charitable Hossein Siahatghar Toyota Motor North America, Inc. Laszlo Birinyi Trust Joan E. Spero, MIA ’68 forward to developing working relationships John C. Whitehead Patrick F. Bohan Eliot Spitzer Malcolm J. Stewart, IF ’78, MIA ’79 with various centers and regional institutes.” Alexander E. Zagoreos, MIA ’64 Bernard Charles Verizon Permanent Mission of Switzerland to Another element essential to successful Michael B. Clark Verizon Foundation the United Nations $1,000–$2,499 Miriam Cohen fund-raising endeavors is a sizable interest port- Lan Yang, MIA ’96 and Kathryn E. Wilbur Lisa Anderson, C ’76 Stephen F. Cohen, C ’69 folio. “In order to attract significant resources, Bruno Z. Wu Robin L. Berry, MIA ‘78 Anne Cannon Cowles, MIA ’89 $5,000–$9,999 you have to believe in the mission of your The Bobolink Foundation John R. Creelman, C ’53 $25,000–$49,999 Serge Bellanger organization,” says Cho. “Raising funds to cre- Kim Christopher Bradley, MIA ’83 Russell M. Dallen Banco Bradesco S.A.—New York Peter A. Berton, C ’56 ate more student scholarships is one of many Marcia Beth Burkey, MIA ’88 Connie J. Dickerson Branch Centennial Foundation Cathay Financial LLC Connie K. Duckworth very important causes. I am particularly Banco Itau, S.A. Dar Al Handasah Consultants Charles E. Cheever III Osborn Elliott impressed with the students at SIPA. They are The Donald M. and Vera Blinken Dragomir Nicolitch Charitable Trust John William Dickey, MIA ’92 Kashiyo C. Enokido, MIA ’78 Foundation, Inc. Ella M. Foshay smart, motivated, and they really care about Patrick J. Donaghy Rosanne Farkas The Clark Foundation Fried, Frank, Harris, Shriver & Anthony Donn, M.D. Charlotte and Joseph Gardner Mary W. Harriman Foundation Jacobson

42 SIPA NEWS SIPA NEWS 43 DONOR LIST SIPA DONOR LIST SIPA

Foundation, Inc. Istvan A. Deak Donors $100–$249 Jean de Passe Kenneth Terry Jackson Eugenia McGill, MIA ’00 Beth Shair Goyer, MIA ’94 Janet Zinberg Joseph H. Gardner Richard Albert Dikeman, MPA ’99 Laura Ruth Abel, Esq., MIA ’02 Eugene de Thassy John M. Antonio James, MIA ’00 Maria Lorna K. Mesina-Husain Donna Sharp, MPA ’01 Sidney Zirlin Radmila Gorup Jutta E. Dorscher-Kim, MIA ’87 Berdine I. Abler, MIA ’76 Christine T. DeArmas, MIA ’82 Eva Cristina Jedruch Scott B. Meyer Samuel B. Sharp, MPA ’99 John A. Grammer Jr., MIA ’63 Charles F. Dunbar, MIA ’61 Maria Marcos Adler, MIA ’01 Carolyn P. Dewing-Hommes, MIA Stanislaw Jedrysek MGS & RRS Charitable Trust Emy Shayo, MIA ’99 Listed below are the 29 corpora- John D. Greenwald, Esq., IF ’71 Jennifer Ann Durst, MIA ’99 William W. Alfeld, MIA ’51 ’86 Horace P. Jen, MIA ’93 John Micgiel, MIA ’77 Juanita Shell, Ph.D. tions whose matching gift programs Gustav Heningburg Associates, Inc. Roberta M. Edge, MPA ’79 Patrice L. Allen-Gifford, MIA ’81 Eric C. Dinsdale, MIA ’01 Weirong Jin, MIA ’93 Zoran Milkovich Sandra Silverman supported the work of SIPA Edgar C. Harrell, C ’72 Paul J. Elston Andrew E. Alpine, Esq., MIA ’68 Stephen D. Docter, MIA ’60 David A. G. Johnson Jr., IF ’75 MIA Kenneth Miller Robert Silvers because a graduate or friend affiliat- Paula S. Harrell Charles H. Epps, M.D. Maria Rocio Alvarez, MPA ’02 Simon Parish Dodge, MIA ’90 ’76 Hadassah Brooks Morgan Shadawn Nicole Smith, MPA ’02 ed with the company made a gift to Neal H. Harwood, MIA ’61 Robert Esnard Austin Chinegwu Amalu, MIA ’81 Michael John Dotterer, MPA ’86 Peter H. Juviler, C ’54 Libby A. Moroff Raissa M. Smorol the School. Elizabeth Helpern Mitchell B. Feldman, MIA ’77 Wesmond Carl Andrews, MIA ’98 Erin M. Doyle, C ’01 MIA ’01 Sharon Kahn-Bernstein, MPA ’97 Walter J. Morris Julia Ellen Snyder, MIA ’98 Donald L. Holley, Esq., MIA ’59 Aurelius Fernandez, MIA ’59 Paul Anir Ruth I. Dreessen, MIA ‘80 Claudia Sarah Kalb, MIA ’92 Donald E. Morse Vitaly V. Sobolevski, MIA ’01 Akzo Nobel Inc. International Brotherhood of Fidelity Investments Charitable Gift Morten Arntzen, IF ’79, MIA ’79 Hilary Dunst, MIA ’93 Daniel B. Kaplan, MPA ’82 Edward L. Morse Juan A. Somavia, MIA ’98 AOL Time Warner Foundation, Inc. Electrical Workers Fund James M. Arrowsmith Elisabeth Magill Eaves, MIA ’99 Henry Edward Kaplan, MIA ’86 Kin W. Moy, MIA ’90 Suzanne Alexandra Spears, Esq., AT&T Foundation Jewish Communal Fund of New York David H. Finnie Meltem Aslan, MIA ’95 Martin Edwards Rhona Malton Kaplan, MPA ’82 Deborah Lynn Musinger, MIA ’96 MIA ’02 Bank of America Foundation Kadrovach-Duckworth Family Louise R. Firestone, MIA ’79 Isabelle Jacqueline Aussourd, MIA ’02 Michele Douglas Eleta Kathleen Marie Karich, MPA ’90 Robert O. Myhr, MIA ’62 Susannah R. Spodek, MIA ’97 The Bank of New York Foundation H.R.H. Princess Firyal Vlado Babic Diego Eleta Quelquejeu Allen H. Kassof Frances E. Nathan Sally J. Staley, MIA ’80 The Bechtel Foundation Ann F. Kaplan Ivy Lindstrom Fredericks, MIA ’98 Endred Balazs Anne Underwood Enslow, IF ’78, C Robert Harry Keeler, MPA ‘02 Malina Nealis Eva Christine Steinhaus, MIA ’01 Deutsche Bank Americas Foundation George A. Kellner, Esq. Lesley M. Friedman Gaurav Bansal, MIA ’01 ’79 MIA ’79 Alexander S. Keenan, MIA ‘89 The New York Community Trust Elizabeth Stern, MIA ’89 EAI Corporation Peter B. Kellner G & G Educational Foundation Gordon N. Bardos Mahmoud I. Essaid Allan R. Kessler, MIA ’82 Richard T. Newman, MIA ’51 Emanuel Stern, MPA ’90 Exxon Mobil Foundation Nemir Kirdar Elizabeth B. Glans, MPA ’93 Arlene Renee Barilec, MIA ’84 Barbara K. Feinstein, MIA ’77 Thomas H. Kim, MPA ’97 Walter R. Nolan Bosiljka Stevanovic Fannie Mae Foundation Susan S. Kuczmarski, IF ’74, MIA ’75 Francis Greenburger Eniko M. Basa George R. Ferguson, C ’81, MIA ’81 Nancy K. Kintner-Meyer, MIA ’89 Bradley S. Norton, MPA ’02 Kristine Mary Sudano, MPA ’02 First Data Corporation Thomas Dale Kuczmarski, IF ’75, Ian Andrew Held, IF ’95, MIA ’95 Julie A. Beglin, MPA ’97 Robert Mark Finkel, MIA ’88 Stephen H. Klitzman Dorota Agata Nowak, C ’99, MIA ’99 George Swierbutowicz The Ford Foundation MIA ’75 Douglas R. Hunter, MIA ’73 Matthew A. Berg, MIA ’98 Laura Ellen Forlano, MIA ’01 Lidia Kopernik Kenneth E. Nyirady John Temple Swing Goldman, Sachs & Company Francine LeFrak and Rick Friedberg Edward V. K. Jaycox Thomas Lynch Bindley, MPA ’03 Amy Esther Friedman, MIA ’92 Andrzej Korbonski Bernadette O’Connell Emilia Szymanski IBM International Foundation Margaret Fine Levy, C ’87 Edward Van K. Jaycox Jr., C ’64, David Lawrence Birnbaum, MIA ’98 Howard R. Friedner, MIA ’82 Janina Kowalczuk Mary Joel O’Connell, MIA ’00 Joanna A. Tan, MIA ’95 The J.P. Morgan Chase Foundation Lieutenants Benevolent Association MIA ’64 Melanie June Bixby, MIA ’91 Kirsten Alysum Frivold Artur J. Kowalski Amber Elana Oliver, MIA ’02 Nickolas John Themelis KPMG Foundation Amy Kay Lipton, MIA ’88 Jewish Communal Fund Kenneth Lawrence Blacklow, MPA Stephen Gerard Fromhart, MIA ‘98 Ivan Kristoffy Leslie Thomas Ordeman, MIA ’99 Jean Toche Mellon Financial Corporation David J. Lund, MIA ’81 Austin Denis Johnston, MIA ’89 ’93 Kathryn Lynne Furano, MPA ‘90 Regina Krzych Charles D. Paolillo, MIA ’61 Violet Todorovich Foundation Kati Marton Mildred Robbins Leet Thomas H. Boast, MIA ’72 Doniel Michael Furst, MIA ‘99 William Patrick Kugeman, MPA ’01 Carol Shin Won Park, MPA ’00 M. Tomaszewski, M.D. Merrill Lynch & Co. Foundation, Inc. Stanislaw A. Milewski Steven I. Levine Bollyky Associates, Inc. Peter Gacs Walter Kuskowski Peter Pastor John Christopher Traylor, MPA ’89 Metropolitan Life Foundation Sergio Millerman Jo Loi Ounaida Bongo Ryszard Gajewski Bruce Edward Kutz, MIA ’89 Iara Peng David James Tsui, MPA ’01 Moody’s Corporation Near East Foundation Doneg Paul McDonough, MPA ’92 Sergio Humerto Boniche, MPA ’02 Sharon Gleason Thomas Richard Lansner, MIA ’91 Anita O. J. Peters, MIA ’84 Yuko Usami, MIA ’77 Morgan Stanley Dean Witter Tully C. Patrowicz, M.D. Harriet R. Michel David Daniel Boyle, MPA ’98 Richard Patrick Goh Peter Leon George Laurens, MIA ’01 Nis Adolph Petersen, MIA ’54 Frederic Joseph Vagnini, II, MIA ’89 Foundation Barbara Helen Reguero Barbaria, Amy L. Miller, MIA ’82 Gabriella S. Buescher, MIA ’00 Ronit Golan, MIA ‘01 Andre D. Lehmann, C ’73, MIA ’73 Sarah Diane Peterson, MIA ’01 Louise O. Vasvari National City Bank MIA ’86 Deborah Lynn Mitchell-Nagpal, Gordon Marshall Burck, MIA ’86 Ira E. Goldberg, MIA ‘75 Burton Levin, MIA ’54 Elizabeth M. Phillips, MIA ’79 Patrick Vatel, MPA ’98 New York Life Foundation Harland A. Riker Jr. MPA ’92 Marta Eugenia Cabrera, C ’85, MIA Jared Lloyd Green, C ’99 MIA ’99 Nadine Netter Levy, MIA ’70 Polish Veterans of World War II— James C. Veneau, MIA ’96 Newsweek, Inc. Richard C. Robarts, IF ’61, MIA ’62 Edgar Nathan III ’86 Onur Gur John H. Lichtblau S.P.K Inc. Gabor P. Vermes Organon, Inc. Andrew Romay Thomas F. O'Connor Jr., MIA ’76 Nicholas J. Cacciola Henry J. Gwiazda Catherine L. Liesman Frank C. Popp Jr., MIA ’02 Karine Vorperian, C ’01, MIA ’01 The William Penn Foundation Irwin J. Schulman Mary Agnes O'Donnell, MIA ’95 Mark Brock Carmichael, MIA ’01 Jean D. Hamilton Francis X. Liesman II Susan Kaufman Purcell, C ’65 Ivan Vujacic Rockefeller Brothers Fund, Inc. Edward Silverman Richard B. Palmer, MIA ’55 Mary W. Carpenter, MIA ’51 Katherine Olivia Hardy, MIA ‘97 Edith R. Lim, C ’74 K. Steve Rasiej George M. Vujnovich The Washington Post Company The Slater Foundation Peter J. Pettibone Michael Tatu Castlen, MPA ’93 Asher A. Harris, MIA ‘83 Mary Dickey Lindsay Jeremy Neal Reiskin, MIA ’87 Louis A. Wagner Wells Fargo Foundation Jacqueline R. Slater, IF ’76, MIA ’77 Pilates Center of New York Rafael Cervantes, MIA ’01 Jonathan Harris, C ‘59 MIA ‘59 John Lister Scott Andrew Richman, MIA ’91 Hans Herbert Wahl, MIA ’95 Christopher William Smart, C ’89 Bruce Rabb, Esq. Amy Blagg Chao, MIA ’99 Gary Edward Hayes, C ’81 MIA ’81 Joseph C. Logudic, MIA ’02 Linda C. Rocha Laurence Furrey Wallace, MIA ’02 Marcy Syms Maidad Rabina, MIA ’73 Elisa A. Charters, MIA ’02 Priscilla Belle Hayner, IF ’93 MIA ’93 Sonal Loomba Susan Rockefeller, MPA ’98 Piotr Wandycz Christos John Thomas, MIA ’90 Steve Radakovich Carlyle Nixon Chaudruc, MIA ’98 John Heller, MIA ’00 Judy V. Lum Kathryn Ann Rosenblum, MIA ’86 Joy C. Wang, MPA ’01 Katrina Vanden Heuvel Julie Ratner Chih Yang Chen Gustav Heningburg Ralph Luna Maureen M. Ryan, MPA ’94 Alicia Deborah Weinstein, MPA ’01 Katalin Voros Carol Lind Rattray, MIA ’80 Dale Christensen Jr., MIA ’71 Ann Henstrand-Garay, MIA ’88 Bremley Lyngdoh, MIA ’02 Leila Saeidi Barbara Wierzbianski Desa V. Wakeman Robert D. Reischauer, MIA ’66 Eugene Ciszewski Patricia Hewitt-Christensen, MIA ’71 Z. Ming Ma Carol R. Saivetz, C ’71, MIA ’71 Edwin A. Wiggers Jr., IF ’67, C ’70, Alex Wallua Brian B. Rigney, MIA ’00 Mary L. Clement Michael Anthony Hillmeyer, IF ’96 Laurie Macaulay Mark Edward Sajbel, MIA ’82 MIA ’67 Gavin Conrad Wellington, MPA ’95 William A. Root, C ’48, MIA ’48 Glenn L. Colville, MIA ’75 MIA ’97 Alex Machaskee Judith Salwen, MPA ’92 Stephanie Beth Wolk Lawrence, Jayne S. Werner Ernst J. Schrader, MIA ’65 Community Resource Exchange Steven Arthur Hirsch, MPA ’85 Gerard Joseph Maguire, MIA ’02 Diego D. Samaniego, MPA ’02 MPA ’93 Robert R. Shaw Scott Terence Contino, MIA ’90 Peter Alexander Hofmann, MIA ’86 Edward E. Malefakis Fernando S. Sanchez, MIA ’90 Ivan Bodis Wollner $250–499 Brigid Sheehan, MPA ’03 Charles D. Cook, Esq., MIA ’50 George Franz Hollendorfer, MIA ’01 Donald W. Maley Jr., MIA ’79 Jason A. Sander, MPA ’01 Esther Wong, MIA ’01 Daniel Charles Altman, MIA ’96 Matthew M. Stevenson, IF ’78, MIA Karina Copen, C ‘04 James Peter Holtje, MIA ’90 Jennifer Rebecca Malkin, MIA ’96 Charles Alfred Santangelo, MPA ’83 Brian J. Woods, MPA ’02 Loreen Arbus Productions, Inc. ’78 Richard W. Cortright Jr., MIA ’82 Jessica Page Horan, MPA ’02 Sanford Malter Angela Marie Sapp, C ’03, MIA ’03 Dana Ying-Hui Wu, MPA ’92 Samuel C. Brisbane Padraic Joseph Sweeney, MIA ’89 Daniel Joseph Costello, MPA ’01 Richard C. Hottelet Angelo M. Mancino Manabu Sasaki, MIA ’01 Robert H. Wynn Roscoe C. Brown Jr. Gardner Taylor Dustin Craven, MIA ’93 Katherine Hale Hovde, MIA ’89 Michael C. Manganiello, MPA ’01 Carl E. Schorske Kazmier Wysocki Sonia Virginie Bujas, C ’92, MIA ’92 Sharyn Menegus Taylor, MIA ’85 Caroline Cruise, MIA ’99 William G. Hu, MIA ’85 Lisa Minda Markowitz, C ’88, David Porter Searby, MIA ’88 Cynthia Drucilla Yoon, MIA ’97 Jonathan A. Chanis Alan & Peggy Tishman Foundation, Ruth C. Curtis, MIA ’71 Alicia Nicole Hughes, MPA ’01 MIA ’88 Robert Seidman Anna Frajlich Zajac Jean M. Chin, M.D. Inc. Theodore Albert D’Afflisio, MIA ’71 Nick Humen Raul Kazimierz Martynek, MIA ’93 Katherine J. Sekowski Lila Azam Zanganeh Gina Eichner Cinali, IF ’95, MIA ’88 James H. Tully Jr. Philip A. Dabice, MIA ’77 Nancy Roosevelt Ireland, MPA ’79 Robert Thomas Maruca Jr., MPA ’96 Mervyn W. Adams Seldon, C ’64 Philip E. Zegarelli, IF ’76, MIA ’76 Irene Borecky Coffman, MIA ’82 Irene May Wong, MPA ’93 Karl I. Danga, IF ’71 MIA ’72 Nicole Mavis Isaac, C ‘06 Dobrosav Matiasevic Albert L. Seligmann, MIA ’49 David Chapin Zehner, MIA ’02 Richard Wayne Coffman Betty B. Wu Jeffrey M. Davis, MIA ‘80 Paul Jabber Walter J. Matt Jr., IF ’63 Frank G. Serafin Chenke Zhou, MIA ’01 Daffy’s Clothing Mischa Alessandro Zabotin, MIA ’89 Edward N. De Lia, MIA ’87 Kathryn Marie Jackson, MIA ’88 Donald James Matthewson Jr., MPA ’01 Jean-Francois Seznec, MIA ’73 Zora Zimmerman

44 SIPA NEWS SIPA NEWS 45 CLASS NOTES SIPA CLASS NOTES SIPA

1986 1990 more than $300 billion in 1996 emony in his natal village Class Notes Compiled by Jeff Rigsby assets. near Jenin. She worked for Pancho Kinney, MIA Randal Ponder, MIA Thomas D. Zweifel one month for the United [email protected] [email protected] [email protected] Nations Office for the Pancho is deputy director Randall is a manager in the 1994 Thomas, who teaches lead- Coordination of of the Office of corporate finance division Elizabeth Rose Daly, MPA ership and intercultural Humanitarian Affairs in Robert Pons, MIA Ireland. While at the Times, International Affairs for the of Pfizer Inc. He is current- [email protected] competencies at SIPA, has Jerusalem and is currently a 1964 Robert is currently deputy 1974 he established the newspa- 1985 Department of Homeland ly working on a third edi- In April 2003, Liz became published two new books. John A. Pecoul, IF Pamela Houghtaling, MIA Deborah Scroggins, MIA field worker for the Public chief of mission at the U.S. per’s West Africa bureau Security. tion of his 1998 book, The the director of the Division Communicate or Die [email protected] [email protected] [email protected] Campaign Against Torture Embassy in Brunei and served as editor of the Leader’s Guide: 15 Essential of International Business, (SelectBooks, 2003) John A. Pecoul taught polit- Pamela is currently on a Deborah was awarded this in Israel. She also teaches Darussalam. He arrived in Sunday Magazine. He cur- Skills. Randall and his wife New York City explores the highest-lever- ical science at Xavier ten-month assignment with year’s Ron Ridenhour Book English for America- the Sultanate in October rently writes a nationally 1988 Linda recently celebrated Commission for the United age but least understood University of Louisiana the Office of Defense Prize for her 2002 book, Mideast Educational and 2002 as the Embassy’s syndicated column for Stephen Gaull, MIA the first birthday of their Nations, Consular Corps vehicle leaders can use to from 1967 to 1978 and Research and Engineering Emma’s War: An Aid Worker, Training Services chargé d’affaires, a position Scripps Howard News [email protected] first child, Eric Randall. Eric and Protocol. The division’s get results: speaking and served at the University for at the Pentagon, after being Radical Islam, and the Politics of (AMIDEAST). he held for more than two Service and is a regular con- Stephen is executive vice was born on his father’s primary objectives are to listening. “Listening is hard all but eight years of his awarded a 2003–2004 U.S. Oil—A True Story of Love and months while awaiting the tributor to National Review president of Aegis Capital birthday and has just started attract international busi- to trace, “ says Thomas, career. Pecoul, who retired Department of Commerce Death in the Sudan. Deborah’s Adam Lovinger, MIA arrival of the U.S. ambassa- Online. From 1997 to 2001, Corporation, a merchant to walk. ness and investment to New who is CEO of Swiss in July 2003, returned to Science and Technology book, which grew out of [email protected] dor. In that position, he Cliff served as director of bank that develops projects York City and to increase Consulting Group. “But the political science depart- Fellowship. For the past her experience covering the Our apologies to Adam, whose helped prepare for the communications for the and provides investment Harry Sullivan, MIA opportunities for existing when managers upgrade ment in 2000 on a part-time three years, she has been Sudanese civil war for the note was incorrectly included Sultan of Brunei’s reception Republican National capital for industries related [email protected] international businesses. their listening competen- basis. Since 2000, he has working for the National Atlanta Journal-Constitution, with the Class of 1973 in the last by President Bush at the Committee. After leaving to trade and transportation Harry became chief of the The division’s International cies, their results expand worked as special assistant Institute of Standards and tells the story of Emma issue of SIPA News. Oval Office in December the RNC, he was named security in developing Economic Unit at the U.S. Business Calendar is located exponentially.” The other to the president, with 2002. Technology (NIST) in senior managing director in McCune, a British aid countries. After completing Consulate General in Hong on its Web site at: book, Culture Clash Adam is an attorney at responsibility for special Gaithersburg, Maryland, the Washington office of worker in the Sudan who his appointment as an exec- Kong in July. He is current- www.nyc.gov/international. (SelectBooks, 2003), helps Clifford Chance US LLP. projects. Pecoul served as a first as a public affairs spe- public relations firm BSMG met and married a local utive fellow at the U.S. ly doing research on the leaders meet their business He specializes in interna- development officer from 1972 cialist and later as market- Worldwide. warlord. The Ron Export-Import Bank in city’s economy, particularly Hiro Ugaya, MIA objectives when working tional project finance with a 1986 to 2000; he became Rose Ganguzza, MIA ing manager for NIST’s Ridenhour Book Prize is 2002, he traveled around its finance and transporta- [email protected] with or in other cultures. focus on development proj- acting vice president for [email protected] Information Technology offered jointly by the the world for seven months tion sectors. Hiro recently took early “Leaders would do well to ects, representing multilat- development in 1997 and Rose is president of Laboratory. 1980 Nation Institute and the with his wife, Karina, whom retirement from Asahi heed Zweifel’s advice,” eral development agencies vice president for institu- Hollywood/NYC David Cooper, MIA Fertel Foundation. Randy he married in May 2003. Newspapers after “17 years writes Publishers Weekly: “He such as the IFC and IDB tional advancement in Productions, a New York [email protected] Fertel, president of the 1993 of slavery” and plans to reminds them of the high and U.S. government agen- 1998. With more than a City production company 1975 David’s two poetry collec- Fertel Foundation, com- Dilip S. Samarasinghe, MIA Gordon Whiting, IF, work as a freelance journal- cost of mistakes when cul- cies such as the Export- decade of experience in city involved in film, television, Cliff May, MIA tions, Glued to the Sky and ments: “In Emma’s War, [email protected] Columbia Business ist for the next year or two. tures clash (they can run government, he was the and entertainment market- [email protected] Deborah Scroggins helps us Import Bank and the JFK: Lines of Fire, have been Dilip is media director of School, ’94 into billions of dollars, as Cliff is president of the He is currently working on Overseas Private first executive director of ing. She created and pro- published as e-books by understand a brutal civil the Board of Investment of In June 2002, Gordon was two book projects on the cases of Coca-Cola, Investment Corporation. the Human Relations duced New York at the Movies, Foundation for the Defense PulpBits.com, an e-publish- war that went on for a Sri Lanka, the government nominated by President Japanese pop music. DaimlerChrysler and others Committee of the City of an award-winning docu- of Democracies, a think decade or more, largely Adam is married to Jessica er based in Burlington, agency responsible for pro- George W. Bush to be a illustrate).” tank created immediately Lang. Their son, Elliot New Orleans (1969–1971), mentary for the A&E chan- Vermont. His poems and beneath our radar.” Emma’s moting foreign investment board member of the after the September 11 Caroline Yu, MPA Joseph, was born in June. which mobilized communi- nel hosted by Meryl Streep. translations have appeared, War is being adapted as a in the country. He is also a Federal Retirement Thrift attacks on the United States [email protected] ty support for the city’s first Her company is now in pre- or are forthcoming, in film for 20th Century Fox, visiting lecturer in interna- Investment Board and was 1997 and focusing on issues relat- Caroline is public relations Susannah Spodek, MIA civil rights law since the production on two feature numerous publications, starring Nicole Kidman as tional affairs at the confirmed by the U.S. Katherine Meters Abbadi, ed to terrorism. A veteran manager for Adaptec, Inc., [email protected] post–Civil War reconstruc- films and a miniseries. Rose including The Literary Review, Emma McCune. Deborah Bandaranaike Centre for Senate to that position in MIA reporter, foreign correspon- a technology company Susie gave birth to her first tion, and served on the staff also serves on the Mayor’s The Spoon River Poetry Review, currently lives in Atlanta, International Studies in November 2002. The [email protected] dent, and editor, Cliff has based in Milpitas, child, Asher David Spodek of Mayor Moon Landrieu Advisory Board and teaches and Feminist Studies. her hometown, with her Colombo. In 2003 he was Federal Retirement Thrift Katherine left the State covered stories for the New California. In August she Turner, in July. during that time. He also graduate film students at husband and two daughters. appointed to an official Investment Board, which Department in May and York Times and other publica- and her husband, Amarind served on the staff of New York University’s Tisch committee established to oversees the retirement moved to Ramallah on the tions from more than two Tan, celebrated the first Mayor Ernest N. Morial School of the Arts. study and formulate strate- accounts of most federal West Bank. In July she mar- dozen countries, including birthday of their son Dylan (1978–1986), becoming gies for developing interna- employees and military per- ried Majed Abbadi, a China, Iran, Russia, Matthew Tan. special assistant to Mayor tional business opportuni- sonnel, has more than three Palestinian human rights Pakistan, Sudan, Ethiopia, Morial in 1980. ties in Sri Lanka. million participants and activist, in a traditional cer- Uzbekistan, and Northern

46 SIPA NEWS SIPA NEWS 47 CLASS NOTES SIPA

the role of Papagena in a Pennsylvania. She expects 1998 production of Mozart’s to spend the next four or 2003 Kury Cobham, MIA Magic Flute by the Orchestra five years studying interna- Ana Escrogima, MIA [email protected] Sinfonica del New tional relations, with a focus [email protected] Kury is currently working Operafestival di Roma. on security and military Ana is spending ten months with USAID’s Office of After graduating from SIPA, affairs in Japan and else- in Tunis for advanced Transition Initiatives in the Ina joined the New York where in East Asia. After Arabic training, in prepara- Democratic Republic of the office of McKinsey & graduating from SIPA, Nori tion for a two-year tour of Congo, where she has been Company, where she spent a year in Washington, duty in Damascus with the based for nearly two years. worked for the Global where she worked for vari- State Department. Strategy Practice. She was ous think tanks, including Rebecca Morris Kuhar, MPA responsible for providing the Heritage Foundation Ishwara Glassman, MIA [email protected] client service teams with and the Brookings [email protected] Rebecca currently works for analysis and recommenda- Institution. Ishwara spent part of the Ambac Financial Group, tions related to corporate summer in San Diego and is where she specializes in finance and strategy, strate- Paliporn Ladpli, MIA now working with the New underwriting not-for-profit gic planning, and macroeco- [email protected], Jersey office of McKinsey & health care deals. She and nomics across a variety of [email protected] Company. She lives on the Robert Kuhar were married industries. During this time, Paliporn would enjoy meet- Upper West Side. SIPA News is published bi-annually by SIPA’s Office of External Relations. in June and recently bought her “singing hobby” drew ing up with SIPA friends on Managing Editor: JoAnn Crawford a condominium in Man- attention from leading opera the West Coast. She recent- Jingdong Hua, EMPA Editors: Jiffer Bourguignon, Jeff Rigsby Contributing writers: Volker Berghahn, Ali Ezzatyar, Susan Grove, Hamdiya Ismaila, Edward hattan’s financial district. professionals and aficiona- ly purchased a new home [email protected] C. Luck, Jaffer Machano, Ama Marston, J. Paul Martin, Rachel Martin, Ladane Nasseri, dos, who encouraged her to near West Hollywood and Jingdong and his family Yaya Moussa, MPA recently relocated from Marisa Robertson-Textor, Dirk Salomons, Katja Salsbäck, Saira Stewart, Celeste Tarricone, switch to a career as a pro- started a new job with a Christine Weydig, Katrin Wilde, Bojana Zezelj [email protected] fessional singer. boutique public relations New York City to Manila, Yaya, who lives in Potomac, where he is assistant treas- firm. She is busy planning Contributing photographers: Neemah Aaron (32, 33), Eileen Barosso (10 Kufuor, SE Euro- Maryland, recently began Candice Workman Nonas, for her wedding in Thailand urer and head of risk man- pean delegation, Putin), © Lou Dematteis/ Reuters Newsmedia Inc./CORBIS (31 top), Michael working for the MPA next summer; anyone who agement for the Asian Dames (10 Zlenko, Bolaños, 34), Rodrick Dial (37), Kent Gilbert/AP Photo (8), Kevin Hallinan International Monetary [email protected] wishes to attend, or just Development Bank. (35), © Adlan Hasanov/Reuters Newsmedia Inc./CORBIS (25 protesters), Clark Jones (10 Fund in Washington, D.C. Candice is associate direc- wants to say “hi,” should Karzai, Kharrazi), Sergei Karpukhin/Reuters Newsmedia Inc./CORBIS (25, Orthodox priest; tor for Credit in the send her an e-mail message. Raissa Smorol, MPA 27 woman voting), Ama Marston (30, 31—center, bottom) Rachel Martin (20, 23), Americas at Westdeutsche [email protected] © Stephanie Maze/CORBIS (19), Jeff Rigsby (38, 39, 42), Stringer/Reuters Newsmedia Inc./CORBIS (28), © David Turnley/CORBIS (27 woman mourning), UN/DPI—UNE536 (2) 1999 Landsbank, a German bank Mony Liquard, MIA Raissa recently joined Karina Paladin, MIA Artwork from 30 Articles of Human Rights (4, 6, 7): © Octavio Roth with offices in midtown [email protected] Nonprofit Innovations Inc., Cover Photo: Leif Skoogfors/CORBIS [email protected] Manhattan. Mony is taking six months a consulting firm specializ- Karina is a financial adviser off to spend more time with ing in start-up nonprofits, with UBS Wealth Design and Production: Office of University Publications her daughter Lana Isabelle as a project manager. She Management. She has vol- 2002 Liquard, who was born in lives in Morningside School of International and Public Affairs unteered as a career/intern- Ogniana Ivanova, MIA September 2002. Heights. Dean: Lisa Anderson ship counselor for SIPA stu- [email protected] Associate Deans: Robin Lewis, Patrick Bohan, and Rob Garris dents and alumni. Her son, Oggie married Rajpuram Marty Weiss, MIA Ricky, who recently cele- Office of External Relations: Sriram (Columbia Business [email protected] brated his bar mitzvah, is an JoAnn Crawford, Director of Publications and Special Events School ’03) in July. Marty is an analyst in inter- eighth grade student at a Rodrick Dial, Director of Alumni Relations national trade and finance yeshiva in Manhattan. Nori Katagiri, MIA for the Congressional Columbia University [email protected] Research Service in 420 W. 118th St. Nori recently moved to Washington, D.C. New York, NY 10027 2000 Philadelphia, where she will Ina Kota, MIA MIA Program: 212-854-8690 be entering a doctoral pro- Ina made her operatic debut MPA Program: 212-254-2167 gram at the University of Office of External Relations: 212-854-8671 in Rome this July, singing Fax: 212-854-8660 http://www.columbia.edu/cu/sipa

48 SIPA NEWS Columbia University Nonprofit Org. School of International and Public Affairs U.S. Postage PAID 420 West 118th Street, Mail code 3328 New York, NY New York, NY 10027 Permit No. 3593