DOCSLIB.ORG

Cultural Categorization and Analysis of Anglicisms in Contemporary French

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Cultural Categorization and Analysis of Anglicisms in Contemporary French University of Montana ScholarWorks at University of Montana Graduate Student Theses, Dissertations, & Professional Papers Graduate School 1994 Cultural categorization and analysis of Anglicisms in contemporary French Holly Jacqueline DasteÌ? The University of Montana Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarworks.umt.edu/etd Let us know how access to this document benefits ou.y Recommended Citation DasteÌ?, Holly Jacqueline, "Cultural categorization and analysis of Anglicisms in contemporary French" (1994). Graduate Student Theses, Dissertations, & Professional Papers. 8208. https://scholarworks.umt.edu/etd/8208 This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the Graduate School at ScholarWorks at University of Montana. It has been accepted for inclusion in Graduate Student Theses, Dissertations, & Professional Papers by an authorized administrator of ScholarWorks at University of Montana. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Maureen and Mike MANSFIELD LIBRARY The University of M o n ta n a Permission is granted by the author to reproduce this material in its entirety, provided that this material is used for scholarly purposes and is properly cited in published works and reports. * * Please check **Yes ” o r '*No ” and provide signature"^"^ Yes, I grant permission No, I do not grant permission Author’s Signature ^ Date; ^ 6 f >r commercial purposes or financial gain may be undertaken uthor’s explicit consent. Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. A CULTURAL CATEGORIZATION AND ANALYSIS OF ANGLICISMS IN CONTEMPORARY FRENCH by Holly Jacqueline Daste B.A., San Diego State University, 1989 Presented in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts, French University of Montana 1994 Approved by; Chairperson Dean, Graduate School m c u L ^ 3 , Date Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. UMI Number: EP39009 All rights reserved INFORMATION TO ALL USERS The quality of this reproduction is dependent upon the quality of the copy submitted. In the unlikely event that the author did not send a complete manuscript and there are missing pages, these will be noted. Also, if material had to be removed, a note will indicate the deletion. UMT Oissattatiofi PuWisfwng UMI EP39009 Published by ProQuest LLC (2013). Copyright in the Dissertation held by the Author. Microform Edition © ProQuest LLC. All rights reserved. This work is protected against unauthorized copying under Title 17, United States Code ProQuest ProQuest LLC. 789 East Eisenhower Parkway P.O. Box 1346 Ann Arbor. Ml 48106 - 1346 Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. Dasté, Holly Jacqueline, M A., May 1994 French A Cultural Categorization and Analysis of Anglicisms in Contemporary French Director: Dr. O.W. Rolfe The 1,560 Anglicisms found in the four major issues of Le Petit Robert dictionary are classified according to cultural categories in order to determine empirically the areas of influence the English language has had on the French language and culture. An introduction discussing the official French attitudes toward Anglicisms and a brief history of governmental language control are provided. The French government, which has regarded Anglicisms as an incursion on the French culture, has tried to impede the use of Anglicisms in French. Therefore an analysis of the nature and extent of borrowed English words in French was conducted, with particular attention paid to the most striking trends in the areas of cultural influence. After the classification of the Anglicisms by cultural category, a discussion of the most prominent cultural areas affected by Anglicisms is provided, along with graphs to illustrate the influence over time. ii Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. TABLE OF CONTENTS Page A bstract ................................................................................................................ ii List of Tables...................................................................................................... iv Introduction ..................................................................................................... 1 Chapter 1. A Brief History of French Language Control ......................... 5 2. Classification of Anglicisms by Cultural Category .... 13 3. Areas of Linguistic and Cultural Influence ....................... 93 Conclusion ........................................................................................................... 131 Bibliography .......................................................................................................134 in Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. LIST OF TABLES Table Page 1. Transportation and Travel ................................................................... 96 2. Sports and Physical Fitness .............................................................. 99 3. Business, Commerce and Economics .............................................. 103 4. Materials and Substances ................................................................... 107 5. Food and Drink .................................................................................... 109 6. Animals ..................................................................................................... I l l 7. Music and Dance ..................................................................................... 114 8. Medicine and Health .............................................................................. 116 9. Science and Scientific Processes ................................................... 118 10. A ttire....................................................................................................... 121 11. Movies and Television........................................................................ 123 12. Computers and Mathematics ............................................................ 125 IV Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. INTRODUCTION Whether the French language has borrowed an excessive number of its words from English and how these words have influenced the French culture is a recurring debate in France. Many French scholars and government officials have criticized the presence in their language of Anglicisms - words, idioms and expressions borrowed into French from English. Many are words that previously were borrowed from French into English and are actually re-borrowings. They have equally condemned the use of "Franglais" - French spoken or written with what is judged to be an excessive or indiscriminate admixture of English words (Costello, p. 529). That this has become such a critical debate in France is not surprising. Not only do the French have a long history of trying to exert a certain control over the vocabulary of their language, be it through the creation of academic organizations or language legislation, but the French themselves seem to have a unique attachment to their language. In a recent poll of 1,000 French people, 60 percent responded that they were "very attached" to the French language and 37 percent said they were "rather attached." In 1 Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. 2 the same poll, when determining how important an objective the defense of the French language must be for the government, 5 1 percent responded "important, not more," 31 percent replied "very important" and 8 percent said that defending the French language should be a priority of the French government (Duplouich, p. 12). It should be noted that the mere existence of such a poll is itself a good example of the unique love-affair the French have with their language. The idea of such a poll in the United States would be completely foreign to Americans. Though the English-only movement in the United States might be compared to the attitude of the French toward their language, the English-only movement is based more on the fear of Spanish becoming a national language in the United States, rather than on a fear of having Spanish words appear in the English language. The use of borrowed terms in English is not in the least discouraged in the United States. The same can not be said of the French regarding Anglicisms. The mere presence of English loan words in French is the source of many fears. Protecting the language is only part of the current debate. A larger, more pervasive issue in the minds of many French scholars and officials is the demise of the French culture Itself. It is feared Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. 3 that the existence of too many Anglicisms will have an adverse effect on the French culture. In 1905, then Minister of Culture Jack (sic) Lang stated, "Should we fail to take steps [against Anglicisms} promptly, we will most certainly lose our identity as a nation, give up our very soul" ("On Defending . p. 9). In 1992, a group of 300 French intellectuals wrote in a statement advising against the use of Anglicisms, "We cannot accept this process of collective self- destruction ... If we
Load more

Recommended publications
  • B. Devan Steiner 1. Introduction the Variety of French Spoken in England During the Medieval Period Has Been Relatively Un- Ders
    MIDDLE ENGLISH INFLUENCE ON LATE ANGLO-NORMAN SYNTAX: * THE EFFECT OF IMPERFECT L2 ACQUISITION B. Devan Steiner Abstract: During the end of the thirteenth century and through the fourteenth century, French was a common second language in England. Many of these L2 speakers of French had little contact with continental varieties of medieval French and as a result the French spoken in England (Anglo-Norman) quickly diverged, both syntactically and phonologically, from the French spoken at the time. This paper examines the decline of verb second (V2) in this di- alect of medieval French as compared to the decline in continental varieties. It appears as though V2 declined more rapidly in Anglo-Norman than in other varieties, and it is argued that this is due to interference from L1 speakers of Middle English and their imperfect acqui- sition, over several generations, of Anglo-Norman. 1. Introduction The variety of French spoken in England during the medieval period has been relatively un- derstudied compared to other varieties of medieval French,1 due to its linguistic divergence from those dialects on the continent. The reason for divergence in Anglo-Norman was its intense contact with Old and Middle English and its comparatively weaker contact with con- tinental varieties of Medieval French, especially once Anglo-Norman was no longer an L1, but rather a widespread and prestigious L2 of native English speakers. Gaston Paris went so far as to say that Anglo-Norman « n‘est pas à proprement parler un dialecte; il n‘a jamais été qu‘une manière imparfaite de parler le français.
    [Show full text]
  • 1. from the Beginnings to 1000 Ce
    1. From the Beginnings to 1000 ce As the history of French wine was beginning, about twenty-five hundred years ago, both of the key elements were missing: there was no geographi- cal or political entity called France, and no wine was made on the territory that was to become France. As far as we know, the Celtic populations living there did not produce wine from any of the varieties of grapes that grew wild in many parts of their land, although they might well have eaten them fresh. They did cultivate barley, wheat, and other cereals to ferment into beer, which they drank, along with water, as part of their daily diet. They also fermented honey (for mead) and perhaps other produce. In cultural terms it was a far cry from the nineteenth century, when France had assumed a national identity and wine was not only integral to notions of French culture and civilization but held up as one of the impor- tant influences on the character of the French and the success of their nation. Two and a half thousand years before that, the arbiters of culture and civilization were Greece and Rome, and they looked upon beer- drinking peoples, such as the Celts of ancient France, as barbarians. Wine was part of the commercial and civilizing missions of the Greeks and Romans, who introduced it to their new colonies and later planted vine- yards in them. When they and the Etruscans brought wine and viticulture to the Celts of ancient France, they began the history of French wine.
    [Show full text]
  • Language Planning and Textbooks in French Primary Education During the Third Republic
    Rewriting the Nation: Language Planning and Textbooks in French Primary Education During the Third Republic By Celine L Maillard A dissertation submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy University of Washington 2019 Reading Committee: Douglas P Collins, Chair Maya A Smith Susan Gaylard Ana Fernandez Dobao Program Authorized to Offer Degree: Department of French and Italian Studies College of Arts and Sciences ©Copyright 2019 Céline L Maillard University of Washington Abstract Rewriting the Nation: Language Planning and Textbooks in French Primary Education During the Third Republic Celine L Maillard Chair of the Supervisory Committee: Douglas P Collins Department of French and Italian Studies This research investigates the rewriting of the nation in France during the Third Republic and the role played by primary schools in the process of identity formation. Le Tour de la France par deux enfants, a textbook written in 1877 by Augustine Fouillée, is our entry point to illustrate the strategies used in manufacturing French identity. We also analyze other texts: political speeches from the revolutionary era and from the Third Republic, as well as testimonies from both students and teachers written during the twentieth century. Bringing together close readings and research from various fields – history, linguistics, sociology, and philosophy – we use an interdisciplinary approach to shed light on language and national identity formation. Our findings underscore the connections between French primary education and national identity. Our analysis also contends that national identity in France during the Third Republic was an artificial construction and demonstrates how otherness was put in the service of populism.
    [Show full text]
  • Publishing in the Nineteenth Century
    1 Publishing in the Nineteenth Century Originally published as “Editer au XIXe siècle”, Revue d’histoire littéraire de la France, vol. 107, no. 4, 2007, pp. 771–90. Introduction When Roger Chartier and Henri-Jean Martin were preparing the introduction to the first volume of their monumental Histoire de l’Édition francaise (History of French publishing), which they entitled Le livre conquérant. Du Moyen Age au milieu du XVIIe siècle (The Conquering Book. From the Middle Ages to the mid-seventeenth century), they encountered a problem – one might even call it an aporia. They explained their twin debt both to Lucien Febvre, the initiator of research into the history of the book,1 and to Jean-Pierre Vivet, a journalist turned director of Promodis Publishing, who had expressed his desire to “see [the publisher] placed at the center of these four volumes,” which he had entrusted to them.2 This outspoken directive implied that the figure of the publisher long predated the invention of printing, and that he had been performing the role of broker or mediator without interruption from the thirteenth up to the twentieth century, as is the case today. The two editors were very well aware that sustaining such a notion could prove risky, and so they added this further comment, which partly contradicted what had gone before: The story we would like to tell is one in which the role of the publisher was gradually asserted and became more clearly defined; he was bold in the age of the conquering 1 Lucien Febvre and Henri-Jean Martin, L’apparition du livre (Paris: Albin Michel, 1958), translated into English as The Coming of the Book: The Impact of Printing, 1450-1800 (London: Verso, 1976).
    [Show full text]
  • The Quest for Algerian Linguistic Independence
    AWEJ for Translation & Literary Studies, Volume 4, Number2. May 2020 Pp.105-119 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.24093/awejtls/vol4no2.8 The Quest for Algerian Linguistic Independence Abdelhamid Bessaid Department of English Language, Faculty of Foreign Languages King Khalid University, Abha Kingdom of Saudi Arabia Abstract The paper focuses on the eternal conflict between the existing languages in Algeria as a whole, starting from Berber language varieties through Tamazight to Arabic, then French, and the struggling issue in the Algerian linguistic network. It also examines the existing relationship between the patterns of Arabic language in Algeria, since it was considered as a foreign language until 1947, chiefly through, highlighting the relationship between Classical Arabic among Algerian society, and the language policy (Arabization) pursued since wrenching independence and the linguistic repercussions of the colonization period on Algerian Arabic. In this respect, among other findings, a foremost issue raised to highlight such a critical phenomenon; and that later leads to question the different realities between the Algerian National Constitution and daily practices among users. In other words, the new generation speakers face a natural barrier communicating with post-independence schooled generation. In this sense, the former represents the 'Arabization' policy pursued in Algeria; whereas, the latter is 'francophone,' considering the linguistic as well as the sociolinguistic repercussions that might outcome such contact in a country famed by the use of French among its diplomats as a language of instruction and discourse, whether as a formal discourse or informal speech. The research methodology is based on early retrospect works to denote such cross- conflicting status raised as a significant issue.
    [Show full text]
  • Chapter XIII: After the French Invasion
    Chapter XIII: After the French Invasion • Introduction • 1066 Battle of Hastings (William the Conqueror) • The Norman Invasion established French as the language of England. • The Normans were originally Vikings (Norman= North + Man) • William established himself as King William I. • Redistributed the lands among his supporters. Ling 110 Chapter XIII: After the 1 French Partition Introduction • Consequently, Norman French became the prestige language in England (government, justice, & education). • English was spoken by only second class citizens. • This social situation had significant consequences for the English language- penetrated the lexicon and the grammar. • English lost the inflectional morphology characteristic of the Germanic languages. • The word order of English came to resemble French word order more than Germanic. Ling 110 Chapter XIII: After the 2 French Partition Introduction con’t • Social stratification can be observed when comparing native words and French borrowings from the same semantic domain. Example: • English French • pig pork • chicken poultry • cow beef • sheep mutton • calf veal The animal is English; the food is French. Illustrating who was tending the animals and who was eating them. Ling 110 Chapter XIII: After the 3 French Partition Introduction con’t • English has borrowed continuously from Latin. • Beginning in the Middle English period, from French. • This pattern of borrowing establishes the opportunity for English to borrow the same word at different points in its history. • Example: English borrowed humility from Latin. The word developed in French and was borrowed again into English as humble. • Two changes have occurred: – The i of humil has been deleted. – A b has been inserted between m and l.
    [Show full text]
  • Chapter Eight Anglicisms
    CHAPTER EIGHT ANGLICISMS The phenomenon of the anglicism in Canadian French is an ancient one: it goes all the way back to the earliest contacts in the Eighteenth century. It is inevitable that languages in contact will borrow from each other, and Canadian English has also borrowed extensively from Canadian French: words such as portage, lacrosse, cache, and prairie, borrowed originally from Canadian French, are now part of standard English, and known around the world. Marcel Juneau (1977:49) reports that he estimated that there are some 1000 words in the Dictionary of Canadianisms that are borrowings from Canadian French. Many of the anglicisms in Canadian French are immediately noticeable, especially those that replace items of standard French vocabulary; others are more subtle, such as the use of a French word or expression in an English way: année académique for année scolaire, for example. Still others may only be spotted by highly trained observers such as Jean Darbelnet, with an extensive linguistic background in both languages, and a vast knowledge of the difference between European and North American usages. Anglicisms are also considered a problem, because those that are not used by other speakers of French are not readily understood, and may thus lead to incomprehension and confusion. The problem has frequently been grossly exaggerated, however: studies of Canadian French have shown that average conversations heard on the street contain only about 1% of anglicisms. We have already seen that certain typical pronunciations — the laxing of high vowels in closed syllables — has been quite erroneously blamed on the influence of English, and many items of grammar and lexicon have been labelled anglicisms that are likewise not from English at all.
    [Show full text]
  • Denglisch (＝Deutsch＋Englisch) : Wenn Sprachen Miteinander „Kollidieren“ Guido OEBEL
    J. Fac. Edu. Saga Univ. Vol. 16, No. 1 (2011)Denglisch143〜148(= Deutsch + englisch) :Wenn Sprachen miteinander „kollidieren“ 143 Denglisch (＝Deutsch＋Englisch) : Wenn Sprachen miteinander „kollidieren“ Denglish (＝German＋English) : When Languages Collide Guido OEBEL Summary Denglisch - Denglish - Neudeutsch :Some people claim that the words aboveall mean the same thing, but they donʼt. even the term “Denglisch” alone hasseveral different meanings. Since the word “Denglis(c)h” is not found in German dictionaries (even recent ones), and “Neudeutsch” isvaguely defined as “die deutsche Sprache der neueren Zeit” (“the German language of more recent times”), it can be difficulttocome up with a gooddefinition. Key words : German - english - Anglicisms - Language Policy - Linguistics But here are five different definitions for Denglisch (or Denglish)１) : s Denglisch 1 : The useof english words in German,with an attempttoincorporate them into German grammar. Examples: downloaden - ich habe den File gedownloadet/downgeloadet. - Heute haben wir ein Meeting mit den Consultants.* s Denglisch 2 : The (excessive) useof english words, phrases, or slogans in German advertising. Example : A recent German magazine ad for the German airline Lufthansa prominently displays the slogan : “Thereʼs no better way to fly.” s Denglisch 3 : The (bad) influences of english spellingan dpunctuation on German spellingan d punctuation. One pervasiveexample : The incorrect useof an apostrophe in German possessive forms, as in Karlʼs Schnellimbiss. Thiscommon error can be seen even on signs andpainted on the sideof trucks.Itis even seen for plurals endingin s.Another exampleis agrowingten dency to drop the hyphen (English-style) in German compound words: Karl Marx Straße vs Karl-Marx-Straße. s Denglisch 4 : The mixingo f englishand German vocabulary (in sentences) by english-speaking expatswhose German skills are weak.
    [Show full text]
  • Biuletyn Polskiego Towarzystwa Językoznawczego Bulletin De La Société Polonaise De Linguistique
    ISSN 0032-3802 Société Polonaise de Linguistique Le Bulletin est l’organe de la Société. Il paraît en fascicules libres. Les articles peuvent être rédigés en polonais, anglais, français, russe ou allemand. BIULETYN POLSK IEGO TOWAR ZYSTWA Comité de rédaction JĘZYKOZNAWCZEGO Rédacteur en chef: Renata Przybylska (Université Jagellone) Secrétaire de rédaction: Patrycja Pałka Relecteurs BULLETIN DE LA SOCIÉTÉ POLONAISE Krzysztof Porosło (polonais) ZESZYT LXXV DE LINGUISTIQUE Alicja Witalisz (anglais) Comité scientifique Ireneusz Bobrowski (Université Jagellone) Andrzej Bogusławski (Université de Varsovie) ZESZYT LXXV – FASCICULE LXXV Barbara Dancygier (University of British Columbia) Magdalena Danielewicz (Université de Varsovie) Katarzyna Dziwirek (University of Washington) Laura Janda (Norges arktiske universitet, Norwegia) Krystyna Kleszczowa (Université de Silésie) Igor Mel’čuk (Université de Montréal, Kanada) Predrag Piper (Универзитет у Београду, Serbia) Piotr Stalmaszczyk (Université de Łódź) Dorota Szumska (Université Jagellone) Branko Tošović (Universität Graz, Austria) Adresse de la revue al. Mickiewicza 31 31-120 Kraków Pologne email: [email protected] Wychodzi od r. 1927. Do r. 1938: t. I–VII. Kontynuacja od r. 1948 BIULETYN POLSKIEGO TOWARZYSTWA JĘZYKOZNAWCZEGO BIULETYN JĘZYKOZNAWCZEGO POLSKIEGO TOWARZYSTWA ISSN 0032-3802 LEXIS 9 770032 380005 BIULETYN POLSKIEGO TOWARZYSTWA JĘZYKOZNAWCZEGO BULLETIN DE LA SOCIÉTÉ POLONAISE DE LINGUISTIQUE ZESZYT LXXV – FASCICULE LXXV RADA NAUKOWA Ireneusz Bobrowski (Uniwersytet Jagielloński),
    [Show full text]
  • INTRODUCTION: When Listening to Both French and Quebec French, It Is Likely That You Will Notice a Difference in the Way They Sp
    French and Quebec French: Are They the Same Language? INTRODUCTION: When listening to both French GRAMMATICAL DIFFERENCES: PHONOLOGICAL DIFFERENCES: -Quebec French is characterized by a “freer” use of Quebec French has more vowel sounds than and Quebec French, it is likely that you will notice grammatical rules. For instance many Canadian French Parisian French. For a difference in the way they speak, whether you suppress articles: “à ce soir” (literal translation:" see you instance, /a/ and /ɑ/, /ɛ/ and /ɛː/, /ø/ and /ə/, know French or not. While the difference in accent this night"), would become “à soir”, dropping the article /ɛ/̃ and /œ̃ / are pronounced different in Quebec is the most noticeable difference between both “ce" ("this"). French while it is not the case anymore in standard French. languages, linguists argue that there are way more -Many Québec French also remove prepositions from features that differentiate French and Québec their utterances. For French. example,:"voici le chien dont tu dois t’occuper" (this is the dog you must take care of"), would become: "voici le chien à t'occuper", (this is the dog to take care of). EXAMPLE OF THE DIFFERENCES QUICK HISTORICAL FACTS: 7,2 million Canadians are French speaking natives (20% of the Canadian population). Although English is the most spoken language u Canada, Quebec French VOCABULARY DIFFERENCES: is known for being a French speaking province since the 17th century. While at the beginning of the 1800s, Canadian French There is a huge paradox regarding anglicism in Quebec was identical to Parisian French, it started to change during French.
    [Show full text]
  • “Une Messe Est Possible”: the Imbroglio of the Catholic Church in Contemporary Latin Europe
    Center for European Studies Working Paper No. 113 “Une Messe est Possible”: The Imbroglio of the Catholic Church 1 in Contemporary Latin Europe by Paul Christopher Manuel Margaret Mott [email protected] [email protected] Paul Christopher Manuel is Affiliate and Co-Chair, Iberian Study Group, Center for European Studies, Har- vard University and Professor and Chair, Department of Politics, Saint Anselm College. Margaret Mott is Assistant Professor of Political Science at Marlboro College. ABSTRACT Throughout the contemporary period, the Church-State relationship in the nation-states of France, Italy, Spain and Portugal – which we will refer to as Latin Europe in this paper – has been a lively source of political conflict and societal cleavage, both on epistemological, and ontological grounds. Epistemological, in that the person living in Latin Europe has to decide whether his world view will be religious or secular; ontological, in that his mortality has kept some sense of the Catholic religion close to his heart and soul at the critical moments of his human reality. Secular views tend to define the European during ordinary periods of life, (“métro boulot dodo,”) while religious beliefs surge during the extraordinary times of life (birth, marriage, death,) as well as during the traditional ceremonial times (Christmas, Easter). This paper will approach the ques- tion on the role of the Catholic church in contemporary Latin Europe by first proposing three models of church-state relations in the region and their historical development, then looking at the role of the Vatican, followed by an examination of some recent Eurobarometer data on the views of contemporary Catholics in each country, and finishing with an analysis of selected public pol- icy issues in each country.
    [Show full text]
  • French Language in the Americas: Quebec, Acadia, and Louisiana
    Scholarly Horizons: University of Minnesota, Morris Undergraduate Journal Volume 5 Issue 2 Article 4 June 2018 French Language in the Americas: Quebec, Acadia, and Louisiana Katelyn Gross University of Minnesota, Morris Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.morris.umn.edu/horizons Part of the French Linguistics Commons Recommended Citation Gross, Katelyn (2018) "French Language in the Americas: Quebec, Acadia, and Louisiana," Scholarly Horizons: University of Minnesota, Morris Undergraduate Journal: Vol. 5 : Iss. 2 , Article 4. Available at: https://digitalcommons.morris.umn.edu/horizons/vol5/iss2/4 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Journals at University of Minnesota Morris Digital Well. It has been accepted for inclusion in Scholarly Horizons: University of Minnesota, Morris Undergraduate Journal by an authorized editor of University of Minnesota Morris Digital Well. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Gross: French Language in the Americas Katelyn Gross 1 French Language in the Americas: Quebec, Acadia, and Louisiana Katelyn Gross The French language underwent many changes between the development of French from Latin, to Old French, and to Middle French. French would continue to develop inside of France thereafter, but the French language would also be exported to other parts of the world and those varieties of French would have their own characteristic changes. French explorers and colonizers moved into the Americas, permanently settling what is today Quebec, many parts of Canada, and Louisiana in the United States. In this paper, I will focus on the linguistic differences between metropolitan France and French spoken in Quebec, Acadia, and Louisiana.
    [Show full text]