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Volume Xiv 1989 Number 1 Liberian Studies Journal -8
VOLUME XIV 1989 NUMBER 1 LIBERIAN STUDIES JOURNAL I 10 °W 8 °W LIBERIA -8 °N 8 °N- MONSERRADO MARGIBI -6°N RIVER 6°N- MILES I I 0 50 MARYLAND Geography Department °W 10 8°W University of Pittsburgh at Johnstown 1 I Published by THE LIBERIAN STUDIES ASSOCIATION, INC. PDF compression, OCR, web optimization using a watermarked evaluation copy of CVISION PDFCompressor Cover map: compiled by William Kory, cartography work by Jodie Molnar; Geography Department, University of Pittsburgh at Johnstown. PDF compression, OCR, web optimization using a watermarked evaluation copy of CVISION PDFCompressor VOLUME XIV 1989 NUMBER 1 LIBERIAN STUDIES JOURNAL Editor D. El wood Dunn The University of the South Associate Editor Similih M. Cordor Kennesaw College Book Review Editor Dalvan M. Coger Memphis State University EDITORIAL ADVISORY BOARD Bertha B. Azango Lawrence B. Breitborde University of Liberia Beloit College Christopher Clapham Warren L. d'Azevedo Lancaster University University of Nevada Reno Joseph S. Guannu Thomas E. Hayden Cuttington University College Africa Faith and Justice Network Svend E. Holsoe J. Gus Liebenow University of Delaware Indiana University Corann Okorodudu Glassboro State College Edited at the Department of Political Science, The University of the South PDF compression, OCR, web optimization using a watermarked evaluation copy of CVISION PDFCompressor CONTENTS THE LIBERIAN REFINERY, A LOOK INSIDE A PARTIALLY "OPEN DOOR" ....................................................... 1 by Garland R. Farmer HARVEY S. FIRESTONE'S LIBERIAN INVESTMENT: 1922 -1932 .. 13 by Arthur J. Knoll LIBERIA AND ISRAEL: THE EVOLUTION OF A RELATIONSHIP 34 by Yekutiel Gershoni THE KRU COAST REVOLT OF 1915 -1916 ........................................... 51 by Jo Sullivan EUROPEAN INTERVENTION IN LIBERIA WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO THE "CADELL INCIDENT" OF 1908 -1909 . -
Africa and Liberia in World Politics
© COPYRIGHT by Chandra Dunn 2016 ALL RIGHTS RESERVED AFRICA AND LIBERIA IN WORLD POLITICS BY Chandra Dunn ABSTRACT This dissertation analyzes Liberia’s puzzling shift from a reflexive allegiance to the United States (US) to a more autonomous, anti-colonial, and Africanist foreign policy during the early years of the Tolbert administration (1971-1975) with a focus on the role played by public rhetoric in shaping conceptions of the world which engendered the new policy. For the overarching purpose of understanding the Tolbert-era foreign-policy actions, this study traces the use of the discursive resources Africa and Liberia in three foreign policy debates: 1) the Hinterland Policy (1900-05), 2) the creation of the Organization for African Unity (OAU) (1957- 1963), and finally, 3) the Tolbert administration’s autonomous, anti-colonial foreign policy (1971-1975). The specifications of Liberia and Africa in the earlier debates are available for use in subsequent debates and ultimately play a role in the adoption of the more autonomous and anti-colonial foreign policy. Special attention is given to the legitimation process, that is, the regular and repeated way in which justifications are given for pursuing policy actions, in public discourse in the United States, Europe, Africa, and Liberia. The analysis highlights how political opponents’ justificatory arguments and rhetorical deployments drew on publicly available powerful discursive resources and in doing so attempted to define Liberia often in relation to Africa to allow for certain courses of action while prohibiting others. Political actors claimed Liberia’s membership to the purported supranational cultural community of Africa. -
Liberian Studies Journal
2J VOLUME XXVI, 2001 Number 1 LIBERIAN STUDIES JOURNAL LIBERIA 8°N B°N MONSERRADO MARSI B 66N 66N MILES 0 50 MARYLAN GuocrOphr Otporlinen1 10°W VW Urifirsity el Pillsque ilk al Jolmitava Published by THE LIBERIAN STUDIES ASSOCIATION, INC. PDF compression, OCR, web optimization using a watermarked evaluation copy of CVISION PDFCompressor LIBERIAN STUDIES JOURNAL Editorial Policy The Liberian Studies Journal is dedicated to the publication of original research on social, political, economic, scientific, and other issues about Liberia or with implications for Liberia. Opinions of contributors to the Journal do not necessarily reflect the policy of the organizations they represent or the Liberian Studies Association, publishers of the Journal. Manuscript Requirements Manuscripts intended for consideration should not exceed 25 typewritten, double-spaced pages, with margins of one-and-a-half inches. The page limit includes graphs, references, tables and appendices. Authors must, in addition to their manuscripts, submit a computer disk of their work, preferably in WordPerfect 6.1 for Windows. Notes and references should be placed at the end of the text with headings, e.g., Notes; References. Notes, if any, should precede the references. The Journal is published in June and December. Deadline for the first issue is February, and for the second, August. Manuscripts should include a title page that provides the title of the text, author's name, address, phone number, and affiliation. All works will be reviewed by anonymous referees. Manuscripts are accepted in English and French. Manuscripts must conform to the editorial style of either the Chicago Manual of Style (the preferred style), or the American Psychological Association (APA) or Modern Language Association (MLA). -
ECOWAS As Regional Peace Broker
ECOWAS as Regional Peace Broker Habiboulah Bakhoum 1. Introduction The idea for a West African community goes back to President William Tubman of Liberia, who made the call in 1964. A subsequent agreement was signed between Côte d’Ivoire, Guinea, Liberia and Sierra Leone in February 1965, but without any effect. In April 1972, General Gowon of Nigeria and General Eyadema of Togo re-launched the idea, made up draft proposals and toured 12 countries, from July to August 1973 asking support for their plan. A meeting was convened at Lomé from 10th-15th December 1973 to study a draft treaty. This treaty was then examined during a meeting of experts and jurists in Accra in January 1974, as well as by a ministerial meeting in Monrovia in January 1975. All this led to the signature of the treaty for an Economic Community of West African States (Treaty of Lagos) on 28th May 1975 by 15 West African coun- tries. The protocols launching ECOWAS were signed in Lomé, Togo on 5th November 1976. A revised ECOWAS Treaty designed to accelerate economic integration and to increase political co-operation, was signed in July 1993. ECOWAS has then been designated one of the five regional pillars of the African Economic Community (AEC). It signed in February 1998 the Protocol on Relations between the AEC and RECs (Regional Eco- nomic Communities) together with COMESA (Common Market for East and Southern Africa), ECCAS (Economic Community of Central Afri- can States), IGAD (Inter-Governmental Authority on Development) and SADC (Southern African Development Community). 69 2. -
State Building and Service Provision After Rebel Victory in Civil Wars
From Insurgent to Incumbent: State Building and Service Provision After Rebel Victory in Civil Wars The Harvard community has made this article openly available. Please share how this access benefits you. Your story matters Citable link http://nrs.harvard.edu/urn-3:HUL.InstRepos:40050154 Terms of Use This article was downloaded from Harvard University’s DASH repository, and is made available under the terms and conditions applicable to Other Posted Material, as set forth at http:// nrs.harvard.edu/urn-3:HUL.InstRepos:dash.current.terms-of- use#LAA From Insurgent to Incumbent: State Building and Service Provision after Rebel Victory in Civil Wars A dissertation presented by Kai Massey Thaler to The Department of Government in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in the subject of Political Science Harvard University Cambridge, Massachusetts May 2018 © 2018 – Kai Massey Thaler All rights reserved. Dissertation Advisor: Kai Massey Thaler Professor Steven Levitsky From Insurgent to Incumbent: State Building and Service Provision after Rebel Victory in Civil Wars ABSTRACT How do rebel organizations govern when they gain control of an internationally recognized state? I advance an organization-level theory, arguing that ideology affects recruitment, socialization of fighters and followers, and group relations with civilians, creating path dependencies that carry over to shape post-victory state building and governance. I code rebel groups on a spectrum between two ideal types: programmatic and opportunistic. More programmatic organizations’ aims extend beyond power to socioeconomic and political transformation, spurring attempts to expand state reach over and through territory and society. -
Taylor Trial Transcript
Case No. SCSL-2003-01-T THE PROSECUTOR OF THE SPECIAL COURT V. CHARLES GHANKAY TAYLOR MONDAY, 3 AUGUST 2009 9.30 A.M. TRIAL TRIAL CHAMBER II Before the Judges: Justice Richard Lussick, Presiding Justice Teresa Doherty Justice Julia Sebutinde Justice El Hadji Malick Sow, Alternate For Chambers: Mr Simon Meisenberg Ms Doreen Kiggundu For the Registry: Ms Rachel Irura Mr Benedict Williams For the Prosecution: Ms Brenda J Hollis Mr Mohamed A Bangura Ms Kathryn Howarth Ms Maja Dimitrova For the accused Charles Ghankay Mr Courtenay Griffiths QC Taylor: Mr Morris Anyah CHARLES TAYLOR Page 25736 3 AUGUST 2009 OPEN SESSION 1 Monday, 3 August 2009 2 [Open session] 3 [The accused present] 4 [Upon commencing at 9.33 a.m.] 09:19:19 5 PRESIDING JUDGE: Good morning. We will take appearances, 6 please. 7 MS HOLLIS: Good morning Mr President, your Honours, 8 opposing counsel. This morning for the Prosecution, Mohamed A 9 Bangura, Kathryn Howarth, myself Brenda J Hollis and Maja 09:33:54 10 Dimitrova. 11 PRESIDING JUDGE: Thank you. Yes, Mr Griffiths. 12 MR GRIFFITHS: Good morning Mr President, your Honours. 13 For the Defence today, myself Courtenay Griffiths assisted by my 14 learned friend Mr Morris Anyah and we are joined today by 09:34:09 15 Ms Haydee Dijkstal who is an intern with our team. 16 PRESIDING JUDGE: All right. Thank you, Mr Griffiths. 17 Please continue. Mr Taylor, I will remind you before you answer 18 any further questions that you are still on your declaration to 19 tell the truth. -
Intervento Neo-Mercenario O Peacekeeping Regionale? Un Confronto Tra Private Military Companies Ed ECOMOG in Sierra Leone
UNIVERSITA’ DEGLI STUDI DI CAGLIARI FACOLTA’ DI SCIENZE POLITICHE Dipartimento Storico Politico Internazionale dell´Età Moderna e Contemporanea Tesi di dottorato in: “Storia, Istituzioni e Relazioni Internazionali dell’Asia e dell’Africa Moderna e Contemporanea” XX Ciclo Intervento neo-mercenario o peacekeeping regionale? Un confronto tra Private Military Companies ed ECOMOG in Sierra Leone Dottorando: Dott. Antonino Adamo Tutor: Ch.ma Prof.ssa Liliana Mosca Settore Scientifico Disciplinare: SPS/13 INDICE Acronimi .......................................................................................................... p. ix Introduzione ..................................................................................................... p. xv Cap. I L’EROSIONE DELLA SOVRANITÀ STATUALE E LE “NUOVE GUERRE”.................................................................................... p. 1 La guerra e la nascita dello Stato moderno ................................. p. 4 La debolezza istituzionale dello stato africano indipendente...... p. 10 Verso un nuovo ordine mondiale e le “nuove guerre”................ p. 15 L’economia delle nuove guerre .................................................. p. 22 La globalizzazione e lo stato africano......................................... p. 25 La ricerca della sicurezza privata: la “domanda” e l’”offerta” ... p. 29 Cap. II LE PRIVATE MILITARY COMPANIES (PMC) NELL’AFRICA SUB-SAHARIANA. CASE STUDY: EXECUTIVE OUTCOMES (EO)............................................................................................ -
Liberian Studies Journal
NUMBER 2 VOLUME XVI 1991 LIBERIAN STUDIES JOURNAL 1 8 °W LIBERIA goN- _goN MONSERRADO GRAND BASSA MARGIBI 6 °N- -6 °N RIVER I MILES 1 1 T 0 50 MARYLAND Geography Department °W 8 °W at Johnstown l University of Pittsburgh (1 INC. Published by THE LIBERIAN STUDIES ASSOCIATION, PDF compression, OCR, web optimization using a watermarked evaluation copy of CVISION PDFCompressor Cover map: compiled by William Kory, cartography work by Jodie Molnar; Geography Department, University of Pittsburgh at Johnstown. PDF compression, OCR, web optimization using a watermarked evaluation copy of CVISION PDFCompressor VOLUME XVI 1991 NUMBER 2 LIBERIAN STUDIES JOURNAL Editor D. Elwood Dunn The University of the South Associate Editor Similih M. Cordor Kennesaw College Book Review Editor Alfred B. Konuwa Butte College EDITORIAL ADVISORY BOARD Bertha B. Azango Lawrence B. Breitborde University of Liberia Beloit College Christopher Clapham Warren L. d'Azevedo Lancaster University University of Nevada Reno Henrique F. Tokpa, Thomas E. Hayden Cuttington University College Society of African Missions Svend E. Holsoe J. Gus Liebenow University of Delaware Indiana University Corann Okorodudu Glassboro State College Edited at the Department of Political Science, The University of the South The Editors and Advisory Board gratefully acknowledge the contributions of The University of the South (particularly the Office of Print Services Staff) in the production of the Journal. PDF compression, OCR, web optimization using a watermarked evaluation copy of CVISION PDFCompressor CONTENTS ABOUT LANDSDELL CHRISTIE: AMERICAN PIONEER IN LIBERIA, LIBERIAN IRON ORE MAGNATE IN AMERICA by Garland R. Farmer ...................................................................... 1 FIRESTONE'S LABOR POLICY, 1924 -1939 by Arthur J. -
US Covert and Overt Operations in Liberia, 1970S to 2003
ASPJ Africa & Francophonie - 3rd Quarter 2014 US Covert and Overt Operations in Liberia, 1970s to 2003 NIELS HAHN, PHD* Introduction and Background ith support from the US Navy, the American Colonization Soci- ety founded Liberia as an American colony in 1822 with the in- tention of sending rebellious blacks who were formerly slaves “back to Africa.”1 To reduce the administration cost of the colony and limit the responsibility of the US government (USG), Liberia was granted independence in 1847.2 The constitution was written at Harvard University, and W 3 the flag adopted was similar to that of the United States but with only one star. Although Liberia had all of the outward features of an independent state, the American Colonization Society and the USG de facto governed it indirectly. As former research director and president of the US Foreign Policy Association Ray- mond Leslie Buell puts it, Liberia survived “through visits of United States war- ships to Liberian ports and through more urbane gestures, the United States has posted a keep-off-the-grass sign on Liberian soil.”4 Liberia became a foothold of the USG in Africa during European colonial- ism, a place from where it could project its interests into other parts of the conti- nent. In 1926 the Firestone Company established one of the world’s largest rub- ber plantations in Liberia as a response to the British rubber monopoly.5 In the following decades, the USG put in place a number of military facilities such as a deep-sea port, an airport, and numerous military bases and training camps. -
Liberian Studies Journal
VOLUME XXII 1997 Number 1 LIBERIAN STUDIES JOURNAL Special Anniversary Issue Commemorating Liberia's Sesquicentennial, 150 Years, as a Nation State s , Liberia 1847-1997... Published by THE LIBERIAN STUDIES ASSOCIATION, INC. PDF compression, OCR, web optimization using a watermarked evaluation copy of CVISION PDFCompressor LIBERIAN STUDIES JOURNAL Editorial Policy The Liberian Studies Journal is dedicated to the publication of original research on social, political, economic, scientific, and other issues about Liberia or with implications for Liberia. Opinions of contributors to the Journal do not necessarily reflect the policy of the organizations they represent or the Liberian Studies Association, publishers of the Journal. Manuscript Requirements Manuscripts submitted for publication should not exceed 25 typewritten, double-spaced pages, with margins of one - and -a -half inches. The page limit includes graphs, references, tables and appendices. Authors may, in addition to their manuscripts, submit a computer disk of their work preferably in WordPerfect 6.1 for Windows. Notes and references should be placed at the end of the text with headings, e.g., Notes; References. Notes, if any, should precede the references. The Journal is published in June and December. Deadline for the first issue is February, and for the second, August. Manuscripts should include a title page that provides the title of the text, author's name, address, phone number, and affiliation. All works will be reviewed by anonymous referees. Manuscripts are accepted in English and French. Manuscripts must conform to the editorial style of either the Chicago Manual of Style, The American Psychological Association (APA) or Modern Language Association (MLA). -
31, 18 National Conference on the Future of Liberia
NATIONAL CONFERENCE ON THE FUTURE OF LIBERIA J 1Vison202 4 UY19 -31, 18 4 BERijN24 1. INTRODUCTION: Although the war is over, elections held, and a new government put in place, the problems of the nation are not yet over. We must work hard to rebuild our lives, homes, public buildings, clinics, hospitals, schools, roads, and many other things the war spoiled. For Liberia to be built better again, all Liberians and friends of Liberia must "hang head" to decide the best way this big job can be done. In the past we left all our problems to government people to take care of, but, as we all see, these problems are still not over. President Taylor thinks that the only way we can make Liberia a good country, is for all of us to think and work together. No one person knows what is good for everybody, even if that person is President, Minister, Senator, Superintendent, or ParamountChief. Also, this country belongs to all of us; so, we must all work hard to fix it. The proper beginning of this important job is that we as a nation must come together and say what we really want. and do everything possible to get it. We learned from the war that fighting cannot build a country. Now that we have elected the government we want, we must not allow anyone to knock our heads together again for us to fight with each other. If any Liberian or foreigner brings trouble to our country, we should all hold together to stop that person, because war is very bad. -
TWO CENTURIES of US MILITARY OPERATIONS in LIBERIA Challenges of Resistance and Compliance
TWO CENTURIES OF US MILITARY OPERATIONS IN LIBERIA Challenges of Resistance and Compliance Niels Hahn Two Centuries of US Military Operations in Liberia Challenges of Resistance and Compliance By Dr. Niels Stephan Cato Hahn Air University Press Maxwell Air Force Base, Alabama Director, Air University Press Library of Congress Cataloging- in- Publication Data Lt Col Darin M. Gregg Names: Hahn, Niels, 1973– author. | Curtis E. LeMay Center for Managing Editor Doctrine Development and Education, issuing body. Dr. Christopher Rein Title: Two centuries of US military operations in Liberia: chal- lenges of resistance and compliance / Niels Stephan Cato Project Editor Hahn. Other titles: Two centuries of U.S. military operations Dr. Stephanie Havron Rollins in Liberia James Howard Description: Maxwell Air Force Base, Alabama: Air University Copy Editors Press; Curtis E. LeMay Center for Doctrine Development and Sandi Davis Education, [2020] | “Published by Air University Press in July Carolyn Underwood 2019”—CIP galley, title page verso. | Includes bibliographical references and index. | Summary: This book reviews the his- Cover Art, Book Design, and Illustrations tory of the United States-Liberia relations from the early Daniel Armstrong 1820s to 2015, with particular attention paid to the role of the L. Susan Fair US armed forces. Contrary to most literature on the genesis and development of Liberia, this book demonstrates how US Composition and Prepress Production military power has been the primary influence shaping Libe- Nedra Looney ria’s history. This includes the role played by the US military in Distribution the founding of Liberia, the protection of the country during the Diane Clark European formal colonial era, multiple covert operations in securing US-friendly administrations in Liberia, and direct military interventions when necessary to secure American interests in the region”—Provided by publisher.