DOCSLIB.ORG

LIBERIA COUNTRY READER TABLE of CONTENTS William E. Reed

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
LIBERIA COUNTRY READER TABLE of CONTENTS William E. Reed LIBERIA COUNTRY READER TABLE OF CONTENTS William E. Reed 1946-1948 Economic Mission for the State Department, Li eria Edward R. Dudley $r. 1948-1953 Am assador, Li eria Allen C. Davis 1958-1960 Consular/,olitical Officer, Monrovia .eorge $aeger 1958-1960 Commercial Officer, Monrovia Miles Wedeman 1960s 0SA1D Africa 2ureau, Washington, DC Leon Weintrau 1962-1964 ,eace Corps 4olunteer, Monrovia and 5ahnple Mary Chiavarini 1963-1965 Consul, Monrovia $ames R. Meenan 1965 Trainee, Li eria Audit ,rogram, 0SA1D, Monrovia Ro ert 7. Nooter 1965-1967 Mission Director, 0SA1D, Li eria $ohn L. Loughran 1966-1967 Consul, Monrovia 7orace .. Dawson 1967-1970 ,u lic Affairs Officer, 0S1S, Monrovia $ohn A. Linehan $r. 1967-1970 Senior ,olitical Officer, Monrovia $ohn .. Edensword 1970-1972 Consular Officer, Monrovia Charles E. Rushing 1971-1973 Chief of the Economic/ Commercial Section, Monrovia 2eauveau 2. Nalle 1972-1974 Chief of the ,olitical Section, Monrovia 7oward S. Teeple 1972-1975 ,u lic Affairs Officer, 0S1S, Monrovia Thomas :. $ohnson 1975-1977 Assistant. ,u lic Affairs/1nformation Officer, Monrovia 7arvey E. .utman 1975-1978 ,rogram Officer, 0SA1D, Monrovia 2everly Carter, $r. 1976-1979 Am assador, Li eria 7arold E. 7oran 1976-1979 Deputy Chief of Mission, Monrovia 8oel Marsh 1976-1980 ,rogram Officer, 0SA1D, Monrovia $ulius W. Walker $r. 1978-1981 Deputy Chief of Mission, Monrovia ,arker W. 2org 1979-1981 Country Director, West African Affairs, Washington, DC Ro ert ,. Smith 1979-1981 Am assador, Li eria ,eter David Eicher 1981-1983 Desk Officer, Washington, DC $ohn D. ,ielemeier 1981-1984 Deputy Director, 0SA1D, Monrovia $ohn E. 7all 1984-1986 Economic Counselor, Monrovia 5eith L. Wauchope 1984-1986 Deputy Director, :rancophone West Africa, Washington, DC 1986-1989 Deputy Chief of Mission, Monrovia 7erman $. Rossi 111 1986-1989 Economic Officer, Monrovia $ames 5. 2ishop $r. 1987-1990 Am assador, Li eria Donald ,etterson 1998-1999 Chargé d=Affaires, Monrovia ,rudence 2ushnell 1993-1995 Deputy Assistant Secretary, Su -Sahara Africa, Washington, DC WILLIAM E. REED Economic Mission for the State De artment Monrovia (1946-1948) Dr. William E. Reed was born in 1914 and raised in Columbia, Louisiana. He received a bachelor‘s degree in agricul ural science from Sou hern Universi y in Ba on Rouge, Louisiana; a mas er‘s degree in 1940 from Iowa S a e Universi y; and earned a Ph.D. in soil science and chemis ry form Cornell Universi y in 1945. In addi ion o serving in Ghana, Dr. Reed served in Liberia, Nigeria and E hiopia. He was in erviewed by Henry E. Ma o/ on July 1, 1992. REED: 1n Octo er of ?46, 1 was contacted by the State Department, which invited me to join an economic mission to Li eria. 34 They wro e you6 They elephoned you6 REED: 1 was contacted by the State Department. Actually, it was the National Academy of Sciences that had listed my name as a suita le person to contact. And 1 believe it was my major professor, who was a mem er of the National Academy of Sciences. 7e was the head of the department of soil science and agronomy at Cornell. 34 Wha was your Ph.D. area6 REED: My ,h.D. was in soil science, soil chemistry. 1 was in school at Cornell from 1944 to ?45. 1 had the ,h.D., and 1 was invited to join this team. The money funding this economic mission to Li eria was through the State Department. The reason for esta lishing this mission was that before ,resident Roosevelt died, he had made a loan for twenty million dollars to build a port in Li eria. After ,resident Roosevelt passed, the State Department was concerned a out whether Li eria would ever be a le to repay that loan. 2efore that, small amounts of money had been loaned to Li eria, but 1 think Li eria had defaulted on most of those payments. So there was a concern a out whether Li eria would ever be a le to repay that loan. 0nlike today, the loan was made without any feasi ility study or anything, and there was very little information in Li eria itself, what missionaries and all, and it was scattered. Actually, there was very little factual economic information on the economic potential of Li eria. So a small team of a out 15 officers was sent to Li eria to make an economic survey, and 1 was a mem er of that team. 34 Do you remember who he eam leader was6 REED: Oscar W. Meier was the chief of the mission, you could call it. 34 Was he an economis 6 REED: 1 don=t think he was really a trained economist, as such. 7e was supposed to have had some eAperience in administration of a..., but 1 don=t think he was really a trained economist. 7e was more or less a person who had worked in the government and had moved up more or less in administration. ,erhaps he might have had some eAperience in managing finance, but 1 don=t think he was an economist. 34 So all 15 of you go oge her and flew ou o Monrovia. REED: We didn=t go out at one time, no. The recruitment was scattered. When 1 arrived, Meier was there, and there must have been four or five other officers. There was one person who had een there before, and he was held on. 7is name was :rank :ender. And :rank :ender had carried on a type of agricultural eAtension work, but he really wasn=t trained in research and that type of thing. 7e had been there during the war period, when our government sent people out to promote the eAtraction availa ility of agricultural products that would be useful for the war effort. 7e had been there earlier, and so he was held on. 34 Was he mission based in he embassy6 REED: No, our headBuarters was in the old .erman legation building, which 1 imagine had been almost vacant since World War 1. During World War 11, there had been a pu lic health program there, and there was already in operation a team, 1 think detailed from the military, to supervise the building of the port. So that was another unit there. Our program was directly under the control of the State Department, whereas the pu lic health mission was under the Department of 7ealth...not 7uman Services then. 1t was another unit of government, but not under the Department of State. 34 How did he eam conduc i s ac ivi ies6 REED: Well, my responsi ility was to travel into the field and to collect information on the different soils. 1n fact, 1 could give you a pu lication that was done of my work, a report of the mission. There were two reports that were pu lished by the State Department and the 0.S. Department of Agriculture: my reportC and another one, by Carl Mayer, of the forestry resources. 8ow what we did was to travel all over the country. There were no roads in the interior. There were no paved roads in Li eria at that time, eAcept for a out 20 feet in front of the president=s mansion. There were these laterite roads, you know, gravel, laterite, dusty roads from Ro erts :ield, the :irestone ,lantation, up to Monrovia, which is a out a distance of 40 miles. And the only other passa le road was...you=ve never been to Li eriaD 34 No, I haven‘ . REED: There was another road that eAtended inward a out 20 additional miles. So altogether there were hardly over 60 miles of roads over which you could use a $eep or a car to travel on in all of Li eria. And all the other places you had to go, you had to walk. So 1 would may e spend as much as three to four weeks in the interiorEwalking for 20 or 30 miles a dayEcollect information, make notes, and return. When 1 would go out, 1 would have to have a lot of what we called local employees to go with me. And 1=d have to carry enough money to buy food for them, to feed them while 1 was on these field trips. We couldn=t use paper moneyC it would have to be coins, and we=d have to carry that in on the heads, in metal cases. Fou=d have to take may e four or five hundred dollars in change, and that=s pretty heavy. 34 Sounds li7e a safari. REED: 1t was. 34 And i wasn‘ dangerous, carrying ha money around6 REED: 1 never lost any money. 34 Well, ha ‘s an in eres ing way o see he coun ry. REED: Fes. 34 I did ha in Nepal years ago. The only way o ge around was o wal7. REED: That=s right. 34 9ou were here wo years. REED: 1t was actually almost two and a half years. 34 And he eam even ually issued an overall repor 6 REED: 1 never saw an overall report. 1 think everything we did was monthly reports and provide additional information. 1n fact, 1 was asked to stay on siA months longer than 1 had planned. During the period we were in Li eria, ,resident Truman made his ,oint :our speech, and we were asked to make recommendations as to how that program might be applied to Li eria. So we made... recommendations. 1n fact, at that time, there were only two programs worldwide that carried out the idea of what we were doing in Li eria.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Reading Between the Lines: Crime and Victimization in Liberia
    Liberia ARMeD ViOLeNCe aSSeSSMeNT Issue Brief Number 2 September 2011 Reading between the Lines Crime and Victimization in Liberia Eight years after the end of the civil been conducted for over two decades’ Blair, 2011; Dziewanski, 2011a). It con - war in 2003, Liberia witnessed large (Blair, 2011, p. 5). siders information on the types of improvements in security. As high- Together with local partners, the violence reported, how violence is lighted in the first Issue Brief of this Small Arms Survey conducted a nation- perpetrated, where it takes place, when series, people in Liberia generally feel wide household survey in 2010 to fill it occurs, and who represent the main much safer than in previous years, and some of the data gaps and to generate perpetrators and victims. The Issue Brief many Liberians consider development an evidence-based understanding of also presents examples of program- issues a more pressing concern than violence in post-war Liberia. This ming efforts prevent and reduce crime security threats (Small Arms Survey, second Issue Brief of five relies on the and violence. The main results of this 2011). At the individual household survey findings, key informant inter- study are: level, however, the picture is some- views with local representatives—in- what less positive. Despite the overall cluding city mayors, police officers, Almost one in seven households national improvement, many Liberians religious leaders, students, elders, and (13.5 per cent) reports that at least still worry that someone in their house- heads of grassroots organizations— one household member was the hold may become the victim of a crime.
    [Show full text]
  • Semi-Weekly Interafrican News Survey
    SEMI-WEEKLY INTERAFRICAN NEWS SURVEY .. '"t'!'P'•-a.. ;_ac:zazaac-- .z ~-- .. I""'V!".~ · Crganization of African Unity · LID0/\£1Y j I ( 12 DEC1980 ] IOrg•nisation de /'UIIIIe ~/ne BIBLIOTHEQUE . MONTHLY SUBSCRIPTION FEE (fiiTHOUT REPRODUCTION RIGHTS) FRENCH FRAi.CS:225 (AIR MAIL POSTAG' CHARGES EXCLUDED) 11,13,15, PLACE DE LA BOURSE 71o02 PARIS TEL: 233.44.18 TELEX 210084 DATE December. 2; 1980 I I • Indlpe.ndmmre.n.t de 4an 4e~t.vke d' In0aiUIIa..tlan.b gbttutu, I.' AGCNCE FTWICE-PRE.S.Sc cUaoUAe, dan4 tou.te. lt:. F~tanc.e. e.t dan4 c.~ 'fXl.l/4 e.uMpl~, wt "Se~t.v.i.c.e d.' .i.n6a1UIIttUon.b Ec.arwmi.ou.u Po/L TUeACJLi.:ptewr.l' (S. E. f. I . L'A.F.P. pubtie, d.'~e. p~, tu but!etin4 4pleia­ U.4~ 4u.i.vant4 : BULLETIN Q.UOT!fJIEN 1)' INFORMATIONS T'EXT!LES BULLET!N QUOT!fJ!EN f)'AFRIQUE BULLET!N QUOTitJ!EN tJ' INFORMATIONS RELIGIEUSES AUTO- IUOUS7"'RIES . (qu.a.ti.d.i.en) A.F.P.-SCIE~CES (hebdom~e) CACAOS, CAFES, SUCRES ( he.bdomada.Ut.e.) AFRICA ( b.i..-he.bdcmada.Ut.e., en ang.ta.i4) SAHARA ( b.i.-m~u.dl CAH!ERS OE L' AFRI{!JE OCCIT]ENTALE ET OE L' AFRI®E EQ_UATOR.!:~LE ( b.i..-m~u.d.) 'POUif. toc:.4 JWt4 eigneme.n..Q ~ I !UVr.U4 e/t. a l'AGENCE FRANCE-PRESSE 1 13, 1S, pla.c.e. de. I.a. 8outWe. -· ;sooz PARIS - Se~r.v..i.c.e.
    [Show full text]
  • Road Map for Developing & Strengthening The
    KENYA ROAD MAP FOR DEVELOPING & STRENGTHENING THE PROCESSED MANGO SECTOR DECEMBER 2014 TRADE IMPACT FOR GOOD The designations employed and the presentation of material in this document do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the International Trade Centre concerning the legal status of any country, territory, city or area or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. This document has not formally been edited by the International Trade Centre. ROAD MAP FOR DEVELOPING & STRENGTHENING THE KENYAN PROCESSED MANGO SECTOR Prepared for International Trade Centre Geneva, december 2014 ii This value chain roadmap was developed on the basis of technical assistance of the International Trade Centre ( ITC ). Views expressed herein are those of consultants and do not necessarily coincide with those of ITC, UN or WTO. Mention of firms, products and product brands does not imply the endorsement of ITC. This document has not been formally edited my ITC. The International Trade Centre ( ITC ) is the joint agency of the World Trade Organisation and the United Nations. Digital images on cover : © shutterstock Street address : ITC, 54-56, rue de Montbrillant, 1202 Geneva, Switzerland Postal address : ITC Palais des Nations 1211 Geneva, Switzerland Telephone : + 41- 22 730 0111 Postal address : ITC, Palais des Nations, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland Email : [email protected] Internet : http :// www.intracen.org iii ACRONYMS AND ABBREVIATIONS Unless otherwise specified, all references to dollars ( $ ) are to United States dollars, and all references to tons are to metric tons. The following abbreviations are used : AIJN European Fruit Juice Association BRC British Retail Consortium CPB Community Business Plan DC Developing countries EFTA European Free Trade Association EPC Export Promotion Council EU European Union FPEAK Fresh Produce Exporters Association of Kenya FT Fairtrade G.A.P.
    [Show full text]
  • The Chair of the African Union
    Th e Chair of the African Union What prospect for institutionalisation? THE EVOLVING PHENOMENA of the Pan-African organisation to react timeously to OF THE CHAIR continental and international events. Th e Moroccan delegation asserted that when an event occurred on the Th e chair of the Pan-African organisation is one position international scene, member states could fail to react as that can be scrutinised and defi ned with diffi culty. Its they would give priority to their national concerns, or real political and institutional signifi cance can only be would make a diff erent assessment of such continental appraised through a historical analysis because it is an and international events, the reason being that, con- institution that has evolved and acquired its current trary to the United Nations, the OAU did not have any shape and weight through practical engagements. Th e permanent representatives that could be convened at any expansion of the powers of the chairperson is the result time to make a timely decision on a given situation.2 of a process dating back to the era of the Organisation of Th e delegation from Sierra Leone, a former member African Unity (OAU) and continuing under the African of the Monrovia group, considered the hypothesis of Union (AU). the loss of powers of the chairperson3 by alluding to the Indeed, the desirability or otherwise of creating eff ect of the possible political fragility of the continent on a chair position had been debated among members the so-called chair function. since the creation of the Pan-African organisation.
    [Show full text]
  • TRC of Liberia Final Report Volum Ii
    REPUBLIC OF LIBERIA FINAL REPORT VOLUME II: CONSOLIDATED FINAL REPORT This volume constitutes the final and complete report of the TRC of Liberia containing findings, determinations and recommendations to the government and people of Liberia Volume II: Consolidated Final Report Table of Contents List of Abbreviations <<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<............. i Acknowledgements <<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<... iii Final Statement from the Commission <<<<<<<<<<<<<<<............... v Quotations <<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<. 1 1.0 Executive Summary <<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<< 2 1.1 Mandate of the TRC <<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<< 2 1.2 Background of the Founding of Liberia <<<<<<<<<<<<<<<... 3 1.3 History of the Conflict <<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<................ 4 1.4 Findings and Determinations <<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<< 6 1.5 Recommendations <<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<... 12 1.5.1 To the People of Liberia <<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<. 12 1.5.2 To the Government of Liberia <<<<<<<<<<. <<<<<<. 12 1.5.3 To the International Community <<<<<<<<<<<<<<<. 13 2.0 Introduction <<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<. 14 2.1 The Beginning <<................................................................................................... 14 2.2 Profile of Commissioners of the TRC of Liberia <<<<<<<<<<<<.. 14 2.3 Profile of International Technical Advisory Committee <<<<<<<<<. 18 2.4 Secretariat and Specialized Staff <<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<. 20 2.5 Commissioners, Specialists, Senior Staff, and Administration <<<<<<.. 21 2.5.1 Commissioners <<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<. 22 2.5.2 International Technical Advisory
    [Show full text]
  • COMPASSION a Festival of Musical Passions JUNE 5–15 GREAT ARCHETYPAL STORIES of SUFFERING, EMPATHY, and HOPE
    COMPASSION A FESTIVAL OF MUSICAL PASSIONS JUNE 5–15 GREAT ARCHETYPAL STORIES OF SUFFERING, EMPATHY, AND HOPE CONSPIRARE.ORG 1 COMPASSION Diversify your Assets: FESTIVAL Invest in the Arts. PIETÀ JUNE 5-7, FREDERICKSBURG & AUSTIN CONSIDERING MATTHEW SHEPARD DURUFLÉ – REQUIEM JUNE 8, AUSTIN A GNOSTIC PASSION JUNE 10, AUSTIN J.S. BACH – ST. MATTHEW PASSION JUNE 14-15, AUSTIN We applaud the artists and patrons who invest in our community. CRAIG HELLA JOHNSON Artistic Director & Conductor ROBERT KYR & JOHN MUEHLEISEN Composers & Speakers SEASON SUSTAINING UNDERWRITER tm 2 3 TABLE OF CONTENTS FROM THE ARTISTIC DIRECTOR: WELCOME AND INTRODUCTION WELCOME AND INTRODUCTION .................................................................. 5-6 PROGRAM: PIETÀ ...............................................................................................7 ARTISTS: PIETÀ ..................................................................................................8 PROGRAM NOTES: PIETÀ ............................................................................ 9-10 PROGRAM: CONSIDERING MATTHEW SHEPARD/REQUIEM .......................... 11 Welcome to the Conspirare comPassion Festival. ARTISTS: CONSIDERING MATTHEW SHEPARD/REQUIEM .............................. 12 Whether you find yourself in the middle of a PROGRAM NOTES: CONSIDERING MATTHEW SHEPARD/REQUIEM .............. 13 performance or at a workshop, I invite you to PROGRAM: A GNOSTIC PASSION.................................................................... 14 take this time to deeply experience
    [Show full text]
  • State Visit by Liberia President Tolbert
    ASSISTANT SECRETARY OF DEFENSE WASHINGT0N.D.C. 20301 2 1 SEF 1976 l-10220/76 INTERNATIONAL SECURITY AFFAIRS MEMORANDUM FOR THE SECRETARY OF DEFENSE State Visit by President Tolbert of Liber ia - I NFORMAT I ON g-, L-» SUBJECT : a. I MEMORANDUM Liberian President Wi 11 iam R. Tolbert, Jr. arrived in the US on a state visit yesterday. After overnighting in Williamsburg, he traveled to Washington this morning where he met with President Ford at the White House. President Ford will give a state dinner for President Tolbert at the White House at 8:00 P.M. tonight. On 22 September, President Tolbert will speak at the National Press Club and will host a state reception at Anderson House from 6:00 to 8:00 P.M.; President Ford is expected to attend, at least briefly. You have received an invitation to that reception. At 10:00 on 23 September President Tolbert will lay a wreath on the tomb of the Unknown Soldier. He wi 11 address a joint session of Congress at l2:3O, after which Congressional leaders will host a luncheon for the Liberian leader. He will meet with Vice President Rockefeller later that afternoon. President Tolbert also is scheduled to receive an honorary degree from Howard University on 24 September. After completing the Washington part of his state visit, President Tolbert will depart Washington on 24 September to visit Maryland, Connecticut and Oklahoma at the invitation of the Governors of those states. He also will~visit Philadelphia. No political/military issues are currently outstanding with Liberia.
    [Show full text]
  • Changes in the Sensory Characteristics of Mango Cultivars During the Production of Mango Purée and Sorbet
    DIFFERENCES IN SENSORY CHARACTERISTICS AMONG VARIOUS MANGO CULTIVARS IN THE FORM OF FRESH SLICED MANGO, MANGO PURÉE, AND MANGO SORBET by CHRISTIE N. LEDEKER B.S., University of Delaware, 2008 A THESIS submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree MASTER OF SCIENCE Interdisciplinary Food Science Graduate Program Department of Human Nutrition KANSAS STATE UNIVERSITY Manhattan, Kansas 2011 Approved by: Major Professor Dr. Delores H. Chambers Abstract Fresh mangoes are highly perishable, and therefore, they are often processed to extend shelf-life and facilitate exportation. Studying the transformation that mango cultivars undergo throughout processing can aid in selecting appropriate varieties for products. In the 1st part of this study, the flavor and texture properties of 4 mango cultivars available in the United States (U.S.) were analyzed. Highly trained descriptive panelists in the U.S. evaluated fresh, purée, and sorbet samples prepared from each cultivar. Purées were made by pulverizing mango flesh, passing it through a china cap, and heating it to 85 °C for 15 s. For the sorbets, purées were diluted with water (1:1), sucrose was added, and the bases were frozen in a batch ice cream freezer. Much of the texture variation among cultivars was lost after fresh samples were transformed into purées, whereas much of the flavor and texture variation among cultivars was lost once fresh mangoes and mango purées were transformed into sorbets. Compared to the other cultivars, Haden and Tommy Atkins underwent greater transformations in flavor throughout sorbet preparation, and processing reduced the intensities of some unpleasant flavors in these cultivars.
    [Show full text]
  • Taylor Trial Transcript
    Case No. SCSL-2003-01-T THE PROSECUTOR OF THE SPECIAL COURT V. CHARLES GHANKAY TAYLOR THURSDAY, 25 FEBRUARY 2010 9.30 A.M. TRIAL TRIAL CHAMBER II Before the Judges: Justice Julia Sebutinde, Presiding Justice Richard Lussick Justice Teresa Doherty Justice El Hadji Malick Sow, Alternate For Chambers: Ms Erica Bussey For the Registry: Ms Rachel Irura Ms Zainab Fofanah For the Prosecution: Ms Brenda J Hollis Mr Nicholas Koumjian Ms Maja Dimitrova For the accused Charles Ghankay Mr Courtenay Griffiths QC Taylor: Mr Morris Anyah Mr Simon Chapman CHARLES TAYLOR Page 35995 25 FEBRUARY 2010 OPEN SESSION 1 Thursday, 25 February 2010 2 [Open session] 3 [The accused present] 4 [Upon commencing at 9.30 a.m.] 09:29:10 5 PRESIDING JUDGE: Good morning. We will take appearances, 6 please. 7 MR KOUMJIAN: Good morning, Madam President, your Honours, 8 counsel opposite. For the Prosecution this morning, Brenda J 9 Hollis, Maja Dimitrova and myself Nicolas Koumjian. 09:33:35 10 MR ANYAH: Good morning, Madam President. Good morning, 11 your Honours. Good morning, counsel opposite. Appearing for the 12 Defence this morning are Courtenay Griffiths QC and myself Morris 13 Anyah. Thank you. 14 MR GRIFFITHS: Madam President, can I raise a matter which 09:33:49 15 was brought to my notice by the Court Manager this morning. 16 Apparently Mr Taylor doesn't have access to LiveNote at the 17 moment. That really concerns me, because from our point of view 18 it's imperative that the defendant, of all people in this 19 courtroom, be able to follow the proceedings.
    [Show full text]
  • By Means of the Gun: African States After Assassination by Allison
    By Means of the Gun: African States after Assassination by Allison Solomon B.A. in Political Science, May 2008, Mercer University A Thesis submitted to The Faculty of Elliott School of International Affairs of The George Washington University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts January 31, 2011 Thesis directed by Paul Williams Associate Professor of International Affairs © Copyright 2011 by Allison Solomon All rights reserved ii Acknowledgments The author wishes to thank Dr. Paul Williams and Dr. Gina Lambright for their guidance and support in completing this thesis. The author would also like to thank Aaron McKay and Ginny Solomon for listening and advising throughout the creative process. iii Abstract of Thesis By Means of the Gun: African States after Assassination Head of state assassinations have been rife across an independent Africa, yet a comprehensive analysis of the political impacts of these events has been lacking. This thesis seeks not only to assess the impacts of the 27 cases of assassination, but also to identify the factors most likely to influence the results. Gaining insight into these issues will provide a new perspective on the African state, and may even offer practical guidance for policymakers dealing with post-assassination states. In order to approach the problem, a comparative historical case study analysis was employed using nine cases to illustrate a range of impacts. The cases were also distinct in terms of governance system, historical decade, economic environment, and geography. The impacts of the cases were then scored using ten political indicators (political violence, ethnic strain, civil war, etc.) to determine impact.
    [Show full text]
  • Bond, Ruth Clement
    The Association for Diplomatic Studies and Training Foreign Affairs Oral History Program Foreign Service Spouse Series RUTH CLEMENT BOND Interviewed by: Jewell Fenzi Initial interview date: November 12, 1992 TABLE OF CONTENTS Haiti was first post, with Good Neighbor Policy Max Bond, husband, was Chief of Party, team of 6 or 7, two were women, sent to teach languages, home ma(ing, science. Ruth Bond was "on the team" as volunteer, taught English. English was her field, she had previously taught at .entuc(y State. Max had found scholarship for a young Haitian to study in /S, however, the scholarship insufficient to support family, young man could not afford to give up his teaching job. Ruth taught his classes, gave the salary to the young Haitian, enabling him to study in /.S. Max Bond had scholarship to /niversity of Southern California Ruth had baby, began studying for her PhD Child care arrangement was disastrous Ruth felt child more important and decided to stay home, never found opportunity to pursue her degree Max went with T1A 2Tennessee 1alley Authority3 Ruth organi4ed wives of dam wor(ers, who had previously had no cash income, were wives of former sharecroppers, etc. Government built housing for families, Bonds lived in one of the cottages 2Max always encouraged Ruth to get involved3 Ruth began house beautification program, each cottage had its "T1A room5" Drapes from dyed flour sac(s from the commissary. Rugs woven by hand 6uilts stitched from Ruth7s designs Ruth designed and cut pattern for "Blac( Power" 8uilt, signifying economic power for women that resulted from T1A.
    [Show full text]
  • Africa at LSE: Book Review: Ellen Johnson Sirleaf by Pamela Scully Page 1 of 3
    Africa at LSE: Book Review: Ellen Johnson Sirleaf by Pamela Scully Page 1 of 3 Book Review: Ellen Johnson Sirleaf by Pamela Scully In scarcely 100 short pages, this excellent addition to the Ohio Short Histories of Africa series offers a valuable perspective on Liberia’s outgoing President, and Africa’s first elected female Head of State. With its small size yet wide scope, it sometimes reads less as a biography of Ellen Johnson Sirleaf, and more as a potted history of the Republic of Liberia from the American Colonization Society to the Ebola crisis. It is none the worse for that, writes Calum Fisher. Notwithstanding heady talk of a “biographical turn,” biographical methods and approaches remain marginal amongst professional historians and certainly social scientists. Pamela Scully’s book seems pitched to straddle the academic/popular divide and as such skilfully demonstrates not only the “accessibility” but also the scholarly value of biography. With the life of President Sirleaf serving as a thread throughout (albeit a near-vanishing one at times), the author surveys the modern history of Liberia with admirable economy and insight, and finds many of the dilemmas and contradictions of the country’s past and present embodied in her subject. Ellen Johnson was born, in 1938, deep within the elite social milieu and intersectional privileges of Americo-Liberian Monrovia. She grew up on the same street as the all- important US embassy; her father was active in politics and in the government of President William Tubman (1944-1971); her mother ran an elementary school, and was a preacher in the Presbyterian churches associated with elite society.
    [Show full text]