The Equipment Rules of Sailing for 2001 – 2004

EQUIPMENT RULES OF SAILING

1 EQUIPMENT RULES OF SAILING

2 EQUIPMENT RULES OF SAILING

INTRODUCTION ...... 4 STATUS ...... 4 Applicability ...... 4 Changes ...... 4 Terminology ...... 4 Abbreviations ...... 4 Part I USE OF EQUIPMENT Section A – During an Event ...... 5 Section B – When Racing ...... 5 Part II DEFINITIONS Section C – General Definitions ...... 8 Section D – Hull Definitions ...... 10 Section E – Hull Appendage Definitions ...... 11 Section F – Rig Definitions ...... 12 Section G – Sail Definitions ...... 21 Part III MEASUREMENT RULES Section H – Measurement ...... 33 Index of Defined Terms ...... 36

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INTRODUCTION Changes The Equipment Rules of Sailing consists The ERS may only be changed as of three parts: follows: • Rules for use of the boat – the a) Prescriptions of an MNA may sports equipment used in sail racing change an ERS rule, for racing – and personal equipment. under its jurisdiction; and • Equipment definitions. b) Sailing instructions may change an ERS rule by referring specifically • The measurement rules. to it and stating the change, but The Equipment Rules are revised and may not change any portion of the published every four years by the ERS adopted in a class rule; and International Sailing Federation – the c) A rating authority may change an international authority for the sport. This ERS for racing within its edition becomes effective on 1 March jurisdiction. 2001. No changes are contemplated before 2004, but changes determined by These restrictions do not apply if rules the ISAF to be urgent will be made as are changed to develop or test proposed needed and announced through MNAs. rules in local races. The MNA may prescribe that its approval is required for STATUS such changes. The ERS are adopted by ISAF as a code Terminology governing the use of equipment while racing. The ERS are made applicable as A term used in its defined sense is stated in Applicability, below: printed in “bold” type if defined in the ERS and in “italic” type if defined in the Applicability RRS. The ERS may be made applicable by: Abbreviations a) Class Rules; ISAF International Sailing Federation b) Adoption by a rating authority for MNA ISAF Member National Authority racing under its jurisdiction; ICA International Class Association c) Adoption in the notice of race and sailing instructions for an event; NCA National Class Association d) Prescriptions of an MNA for racing ERS The Equipment Rules of Sailing under its jurisdiction RRS The Racing Rules of Sailing e) Other ISAF codes and rules adopted by Council.

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PART I – USE OF EQUIPMENT

Section A – During an Event A.4 ADVERTISING See RRS Appendix Part II, 2 A.1 CLASS RULES Advertising Code.

A.1.1 Boats without Class Rules A.5 SKIN FRICTION The boat and other items of equipment shall comply with the See RRS rule 53 Skin Friction. ERS Part I.

A.1.2 Boats with Class Rules A.6 EVENT MEASUREMENT The boat and other items of See RRS rule 78 Compliance equipment shall comply with its with Class Rules; Certificates class rules, and the ERS Part I except as changed by its class rules to the extent permitted by Section B – When Racing Changes (c). B.1 PERSONAL BUOYANCY A.2 CERTIFICATE AND LIFE-SAVING EQUIPMENT A.2.1 Having a Certificate See RRS rule 1 Safety and RRS The boat shall have such valid rule 40 Personal Buoyancy. certificate as required by its class rules or the certification authority. B.2 PERSONAL EQUIPMENT See RRS rule 43 Competitor A.2.2 Compliance with a Certificate Clothing and Equipment. The boat shall comply with its certificate. See also RRS rule 78 Compliance B.3 LIMITATIONS ON with Class Rules: Certificates. EQUIPMENT See RRS rule 47 Limitations on A.3 IDENTIFICATION ON Equipment and Crew. SAILS See RRS rule 77 Identification on Sails.

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B.4 LIMITATIONS ON CREW B.7.4 Bowsprits AND CREW POSITION The inner limit mark shall not be outboard the hull when the See RRS rule 47 Limitations on bowsprit is set. Equipment and Crew and RRS rule 49 Crew Position. B.8 SETTING OF RIGGING

B.5 MANUAL POWER B.8.1 Forestays See RRS rule 52 Manual Power. See RRS rule 54 Forestays and Headsail Tacks. B.6 EJECTING OR RELEASING OF B.9 SETTING, SHEETING SUBSTANCE AND CHANGING SAILS See RRS rule 53 Skin Friction. B.9.1 Trilateral Mainsails. Foresails and Mizzens B.7 SETTING OF SPARS (a) The sail shall be below the mast upper limit mark. B.7.1 Mainsail, Foresail and Mizzen (b) The leech, extended as Booms set on a Mast necessary, shall intersect the The extension of the upper edge upper edge of the boom spar of the boom spar shall intersect forward of the outer limit the mast spar above the lower mark. limit mark, with the boom on the (c) The foot of a loose footed mast spar centreplane and at 90° sail, extended as necessary, to the mast spar. shall intersect the mast spar above the lower limit mark. B.7.2 Headsail Booms The fore end of the boom spar B.9.2 Headsails shall be approximately on the The tack of any headsail set on a boat centreplane. bowsprit shall be attached aft of the outer limit mark. B.7.3 Spinnaker and Whisker Poles See RRS rule 54 Forestays and See RRS rule 50 Setting and Headsail Tacks. Sheeting Sails.

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B.9.3 Spinnaker Staysails and B.11 ANCHORING, MAKING Mizzen Staysails FAST AND HAULING The tack shall be inboard the OUT sheerline. See RRS rule 45 Hauling Out; See also RRS rule 50 Setting and Making Fast; Anchoring. Sheeting Sails. B.12 FOG SIGNALS AND B.10 CENTRE OF GRAVITY LIGHTS B.10.1 Corrector weights shall be See RRS rule 48 Fog Signals and securely fixed. Lights. See also RRS rule 51 Moving Ballast.

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PART II – DEFINITIONS

Section C – General appendages, ballast, rig, sails Definitions and associated fittings and all other items of sports equipment used, excluding consumables and C.1 PERSONAL TERMS personal equipment.

C.1.1 Crew C.2.2 Sailboard A competitor, or team of com- A boat. petitors, that operates a boat. C.2.3 Major Axes C.1.2 Skipper The three major axes of the boat The crew member onboard who at 90° to each other – vertical, is in charge of the boat and the longitudinal and transverse – crew and all other persons shall be related to the designed aboard. waterline and the hull centreplane. C.1.3 Personal Equipment All personal effects carried or C.2.4 Boat Length worn and items worn on board to The longitudinal distance between keep warm and/or dry, and/or to the aftermost point and the fore- protect the body, personal most point on the boat with sails buoyancy, safety harnesses and and spars set as appropriate. hiking aids worn to keep the person aboard or afloat. C.2.5 Ballast Weight installed to influence the C.1.4 Personal Buoyancy stability, flotation or total weight A device worn around the upper of the boat. It can be of any part of the torso capable of material and positioned anywhere keeping a person afloat. in the boat.

C.2.6 Corrector Weight C.2 BOAT TERMS Weight installed in accordance C.2.1 Boat with the class rules to correct The sports equipment used by the deficiency in weight and/or its crew to take part in a race. It distribution. comprises the hull(s), hull

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C.2.7 Limit Mark C.4.3 Official Measurer A clearly visible mark of a single A measurer appointed, or recog- colour contrasting to the part(s) nised, by the MNA of the country on which it is placed indicating a where the measurement takes measurement point. place, to carry out fundamental measurement. C.2.8 Event Limitation Mark A mark placed by a race C.4.4 Event Measurer committee on equipment whose A measurer appointed by a race replacement at the event is committee. controlled by the class rules. C.4.5 International Measurer A measurer appointed by ISAF to C.3 RULES act as event measurer at inter- C.3.1 Class Rules national events and to measure prototype boats. The rules that specify the boat as it shall be used for racing. C.5 CERTIFICATION C.3.2 Closed Class Rules C.5.1 Certification Authority Class rules where anything not specifically permitted by the For the hull, the ISAF, the MNA class rules is prohibited. of the owner, or their delegates. For other items, the ISAF, the C.3.3 Open Class Rules MNA in the country where the certification shall take place, or Class rules where anything not their delegates. specifically prohibited by the class rules is permitted. C.5.2 Certify To issue a certificate, or to attach C.4 MEASUREMENT AND a certification mark after MEASURERS successful fundamental measurement. C.4.1 Fundamental Measurement Measurement required to ensure C.5.3 Certificate compliance with the class rules. Documentary proof, issued by the certification authority, of C.4.2 Event Measurement successful fundamental measure- Measurement carried out in ment of the hull, or any other accordance with RRS Appendix J parts required by the class rules 2.2(10). or a certification authority.

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C.5.4 Certification Mark D.2 MEASUREMENT POINTS Proof of successful fundamental D.2.1 Hull Datum Point measurement of parts requiring a certification mark, attached or The point on the hull centreplane made by an official measurer. specified in the class rules from which hull measurements are taken. Section D – Hull Definitions D.3 DIMENSIONS D.1 TERMS D.3.1 Hull Length D.1.1 Hull The longitudinal distance The shell including any transom, between the aftermost point and the deck including any super- the foremost point on the hull(s), structure, the internal structure excluding fittings. including any cockpit, the fittings associated with these parts and Hull Length any corrector weights.

D.1.2 Sheerline The line formed by the intersection of the top of the deck and the outside of the hull shell, each extended as necessary.

D.1.3 Sheer The projection of the sheerline on the centreplane.

Sheerline and sheer D.4 WEIGHT Deck D.4.1 Hull Weight The weight of the hull. Sheer Sheerline Hull Topsides Typical section centreplane through hull

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Section E – Hull Appendage E.1.5 Bulb Definitions A fixed hull appendage con- taining ballast at the bottom of an another hull appendage pri- E.1 TERMS marily used to affect stability. E.1.1 Hull Appendage E.1.6 Skeg Any item of equipment – including the items listed at E.1.2 to A fin attached immediately in E.1.13 – which is front of a rudder. wholly or partly below the E.1.7 Centreboard sheerline or its extension A retractable hull appendage, when fixed or when fully attached approximately on the exposed if retractable, hull centreplane and rotating attached to the hull shell or about a single transverse axis another hull appendage, and which may move in relation to used to affect stability, lee- the hull, primarily used to affect way and/or steerage. leeway. Any corrector weights, integral E.1.8 Daggerboard ballast and/or associated fittings shall be included in the hull A retractable hull appendage, appendage. attached approximately on the hull centreplane and not rotating, E.1.2 Keel primarily used to affect leeway. A fixed hull appendage, E.1.9 Bilgeboard attached approximately on the hull centreplane, primarily used A retractable hull appendage, to affect stability and leeway. attached off the hull centreplane, primarily used to affect leeway. E.1.3 Bilge Keel E.1.10 Rudder A fixed hull appendage, attached off the hull centreplane, A movable hull appendage primarily used to affect stability primarily used to affect steerage. and leeway. E.1.11 Trim Tab E.1.4 Fin When a rudder(s) is used, a A fixed hull appendage pri- movable hull appendage, marily used to affect leeway or attached at the aft, or fore, edge directional control. of another hull appendage.

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Section F – Rig Definitions F.2 LIMIT MARK Definitions relating to: DIMENSIONS “BOOM” also apply to “GAFF” F.2.1 Limit Mark Width and “SPRIT” The minimum width measured in “SPINNAKER POLE/ the length direction of the spar. WHISKER POLE” also apply to “JOCKEY POLE” F.3 FORETRIANGLE “BOWSPRIT” also apply to DIMENSIONS “BUMPKIN” F.3.1 Foretriangle Base F.1 GENERAL TERMS The longitudinal distance between the intersection of the F.1.1 Rig fore side of the mast spar, The spars, spreaders, rigging, extended as necessary, and the fittings and any corrector deck including any super- weights. structure, and the intersection of the centreline of the forestay, F.1.2 Spar extended as necessary, and the The main structural part(s) of the deck, or bowsprit spar. rig, to, or from, which sails are attached and/or supported. Foretriangle Base

F.1.3 Spreader Any equipment attached at one or both ends to spars, sails or other rigging and capable of working in compression.

F.1.4 Rigging Any equipment attached at one or F.3.2 Foretriangle Height both ends to spars, sails or other rigging and capable of working The distance between the inter- in tension only. section of fore side of the mast spar, extended as necessary, and the deck including any super- structure, and the forestay rigging point.

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F.5.2 Heel Point Foretriangle Height The lowest point on the spar and its fittings.

F.5.3 Top Point The highest point on the spar and its fittings.

Heel Point and Top Point

Top point

Heel point

F.4 MAST TERMS F.5.4 Lower Point The highest point of the lower F.4.1 Mast limit mark at the aft edge of the The spar, its rigging, spreaders, spar. fittings and any corrector weights, excluding any fittings F.5.5 Upper Point that are not essen-tial to the The lowest point of the upper function of the mast as part of the limit mark at the aft edge of the rig. spar.

F.5 MAST MEASUREMENT F.6 MAST SAIL LIMIT POINTS MARKS

F.5.1 Mast Datum Point F.6.1 Lower Limit Mark The point on the mast specified The limit mark for the setting of in the class rules used as a datum the boom spar or the mainsail. for measurement.

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F.6.2 Upper Limit Mark Rigging Point The limit mark for the setting of the mainsail. Rigging point

F.7 MAST DIMENSIONS Rigging point F.7.1 Mast Length The distance between the heel point and the top point.

F.7.2 Lower Point Height Hook terminal Tang with spar bolt The distance between the mast datum point and the lower

point. Rigging point F.7.3 Upper Point Height Rigging The distance between the mast point datum point and the upper point.

F.7.4 Rigging Point Tang without Internally attached When rigging is attached: spar bolt rigging BY A HOOK TERMINAL: The lowest point of the hook F.7.5 Forestay Height where it intersects the spar, The distance between the mast extended if necessary. datum point and the rigging BY A TANG: The lowest point. point of the spar bolt where it intersects the spar. IN OTHER WAYS: The intersection of the outside of the spar, extended if necessary, and the centreline of the rigging.

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F.7.8 Check Stay Height Forestay Height The distance between the mast datum point and the rigging Rigging point point.

F.7.9 Trapeze Height The distance between the mast Height datum point and the rigging point.

F.7.10 Spinnaker Hoist Height Mast datum point The distance between the mast datum point and the intersection of the spar and the lower edge of F.7.6 Shroud Height the spinnaker halyard, when at 90° to the spar and extended as The distance between the mast necessary. datum point and the rigging point. Spinnaker Hoist Height

Shroud Height Halyard at 90˚ to spar

Rigging point

Mast datum point Height

F.7.11 Mast Spar Curvature

Mast datum point The shortest distance between the aft edge of the spar and a straight line between the upper point and F.7.7 Back Stay Height the lower point at a specified distance from the heel point The distance between the mast when the spar is resting on one datum point and the rigging side. point or the top point whichever is the lowest.

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F.7.12 Mast Spar Deflection Mast Spar Curvature The difference in the shortest distance between the spar, at a specified distance from the mast Upper point The mast spar datum point, to a straight line to be resting on between the upper point and the one side lower point when the spar is supported horizontally at these points, with and without a speci- Curvature fied load at a specified distance from the mast datum point. (a) FORE-AND-AFT: Measured with the aft edge up. (b) TRANSVERSE: Measured A distance with the one side up. specified in class Lower point rules

Mast datum point

Mast Spar Deflection Deflection = B - A

A distance specified A in class rules Without load Upper point

Mast datum point Lower point

With load

A distance specified in class rules kg

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F.7.13 Mast Spar Cross Section Tip Weight (a) FORE-AND-AFT: The fore- and-aft dimension, including any sail track, at a specified distance from the mast datum point. (b) TRANSVERSE: The F.8 MAST FITTINGS transverse dimension, at a F.8.1 Spreader specified distance from the mast datum point. (a) LENGTH: The distance between the inner edge of the shroud at the lower edge Mast Spar Cross Section of the spreader and the

Fore and aft intersection of the lower edge of the spreader, extended as necessary, and the spar. Transverse (b) HEIGHT: The distance between mast datum point and the intersection of the Fore and aft lower edge of the spreader, extended as necessary, and the spar.

Transverse Spreader

F.7.14 Spar Weight The weight of the spar including Length fittings and corrector weights. Height

F.7.15 Mast Weight

The weight of the mast. Mast datum point

F.7.16 Tip Weight The weight of the mast measured at the upper point when the spar is supported at the lower point.

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F.8.2 Spinnaker Pole Fitting F.11 BOOM SAIL LIMIT (a) HEIGHT: The distance MARKS between the mast datum point and the centre of the F.11.1 Outer Limit Mark bearing part of the fitting. The limit mark for the setting of the mainsail. (b) PROJECTION: The shortest distance between the outer- most point of the fitting and F.12 BOOM DIMENSIONS the spar. F.12.1 Outer Point Distance Spinnaker Pole Fitting The distance between the outer point and the aft edge of the mast spar, with the boom spar on the Projection mast spar centreplane and at 90° to the mast spar.

Height Outer Point Distance

Mast datum point

Outer point

F.9 BOOM TERMS

F.9.1 Boom The spar, its rigging, fittings and F.12.2 Boom Spar Curvature any corrector weights, but ex- The shortest distance between the cluding sheets, sheet blocks and top edge of the spar and a kicking strap/strut arrangement. straight line between the outer point and the top of the fore end F.10 BOOM MEASUREMENT of the spar at a specified distance POINTS from the outer point, when the spar is resting on one side. F.10.1 Outer Point The point on the boom outer limit mark, at the upper edge of the spar, nearest the fore end of the spar.

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these points, with and without a Boom Spar Curvature specified load at a distance from The boom spar to be Curvature the outer point. resting on one side (a) VERTICAL: Measured with A distance specified the top edge up. in class rules (b) TRANSVERSE: Measured with one side up.

F.12.4 Boom Spar Cross Section (a) VERTICAL: The vertical F.12.3 Boom Spar Deflection dimension, including any sail The difference in the shortest track, at a specified distance distance between the spar at a from the outer point. specified distance from the outer (b) TRANSVERSE: The trans- point to a straight line between verse dimension at a speci- the outer point and the top of the fied distance from the outer fore end of the spar when the point. spar is supported horizontally at

Boom Spar Deflection

Deflection = B - A A

A distance specified without load in class rules

Outer point

with load

A distance specified in class rules kg

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Boom Spar Cross Sections Spinnaker / Whisker Pole Length

Vertical Vertical

F.14.3 Spinnaker/Whisker Pole Weight The weight of the spinnaker/ Transverse Transverse whisker pole.

F.12.5 Boom Weight F.15 BOWSPRIT TERMS The weight of the boom. F.15.1 Bowsprit F.13 SPINNAKER/WHISKER The spar, fittings and any POLE TERMS corrector weights.

F.13.1 Spinnaker/Whisker Pole F.16 BOWSPRIT MEASURE- The spar, its fittings, bridle arran- MENT POINTS gement(s), end fitting control lines and any corrector weights. F.16.1 Bowsprit Point The point of the bowsprit limit F.14 SPINNAKER/WHISKER mark nearest to the outboard end POLE DIMENSIONS of the bowsprit.

F.14.1 Spinnaker/Whisker Pole F.17 BOWSPRIT LIMIT Length MARKS The distance between the ends of the spinnaker/whisker pole. F.17.1 Inner Limit Mark The limit mark for the setting of F.14.2 Spinnaker/Whisker Pole Spar the bowsprit spar. Cross Section The sectional dimensions at F.17.2 Outer Limit Mark specified distances from an end The limit mark for the setting of of the spinnaker/whisker pole. headsails.

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Bowsprit Marks Section G – Sail Definitions Inner limit mark Subsection A – Trilateral Sails

Outer limit mark Definitions relating to: “MAINSAIL” also apply to “FORESAIL” and “MIZZEN” F.18 BOWSPRIT DIMENSIONS “HEADSAIL” also apply to “JIB”, “GENOA”, “GENN- F.18.1 Bowsprit Point Distance AKER” and “STAYSAIL”. The distance between the bowsprit point and the outboard end of the bowsprit. G.1 GENERAL SAIL TERMS G.1.1 Sail Bowsprit Point Distance An item of equipment attached to Bowsprit point the rig, used to propel the boat. The sail includes sail reinforcements, batten pockets, windows, stiffening, tablings, attachments, identification marks, advertising and additional parts F.18.2 Bowsprit Spar Cross Section as permitted by class rules. The sectional dimensions at specified distances from the G.1.2 Body of the Sail outboard end of the bowsprit. The sail excluding the areas of added parts as in G.1.1. F.18.3 Bowsprit Weight The weight of the bowsprit. G.1.3 Ply A sheet of sail material.

G.1.4 Soft Sail A sail where the body of the sail is capable of being folded flat in any direction without damaging any ply other than by creasing.

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G.1.5 Woven Ply G.1.14 Stiffening A ply which, when torn, can be Corner boards and battens. separated into fibres without leaving evidence of a film. G.1.15 Attachments Bolt ropes, cringles, adjustment G.1.6 Laminated Ply eyes, reefing eyes, reefing points, A ply made up of more than one hanks, slides, blocks and their layer. fastenings.

G.1.7 Single-Ply Sail G.2 SAIL EDGES A sail, except at seams, where all parts of the body of the sail G.2.1 Foot consist of only one ply. The bottom edge. G.1.8 Double Luff Sail G.2.2 Leech A sail with more than one luff, or (a) MAINSAIL and HEAD- a sail passing around a stay or SAIL: The aft edge. spar and attached back on itself. (b) SPINNAKER: The edges G.1.9 Seam other than the foot. Overlap where two or more ply forming the body of the sail are G.2.3 Luff joined. MAINSAIL and HEADSAIL: The fore edge(s). G.1.10 Tabling Additional ply or folded ply G.3 SAIL CORNERS overlap(s) at a sail edge. G.3.1 Clew G.1.11 Batten Pocket The area where the foot and the Additional ply to form a pocket leech meet. for a batten. G.3.2 Head G.1.12 Sail Opening The area at the top. Any opening other than openings created by attachments. G.3.3 Tack The area where the luff and the G.1.13 Window foot meet. A sail opening covered by a transparent ply.

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Sail Edges and Corners

Head Head Leech Head Leech Leech Luff Spinnaker Headsail Clew Clew Tack Clew

Leech Luff Foot Foot

Mainsail

Head Head Leech Leech Leech Luff Headsail Spinnaker ClewTack Clew Tack Clew Clew

Foot Foot Foot

G.4 SAIL CORNER SAIL: The intersection of the MEASUREMENT POINTS luff, extended as necessary, and the line through the high- G.4.1 Clew Point est point of the sail at 90° to The intersection of the foot and the luff. the leech, each extended as (b) SPINNAKER: The intersec- necessary. tion of the leeches, extended as necessary. G.4.2 Head Point (a) MAINSAIL and HEAD-

Clew Point Leech Leech

Leech Spinnaker Headsail

Leech Leech Headsail

Mainsail Foot Headsail Foot

Foot Foot Foot

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Head Point

LeechLuff Leech Luff Leech Luff Headsail Headsail

Mainsail

LeechLuff Leech Leech Mainsail Spinnaker

Tack Point Luff Luff

Luff Mainsail Luff Headsail

Mainsail Headsail Foot Foot

Foot Foot

G.4.3 Tack Point G.5.3 Three-Quarter Leech Point The intersection of the foot and The point on the leech equi- the luff, each extended as distant from the head point and necessary. the half leech point.

G.5.4 Upper Leech Point G.5 OTHER SAIL MEASUREMENT POINTS The point on the leech a specified distance from the head point. G.5.1 Quarter Leech Point G.5.5 Aft Head Point The point on the leech equidistant from the half leech point The intersection of the leech and the clew point. extended as necessary and the line through the head point at G.5.2 Half Leech Point 90° to the luff. The point on the leech equidistant from the head point and the clew point.

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Aft Head Point

Leech Luff Leech Luff Leech Leech Luff Mainsail Luff Headsail Mainsail Headsail

G.5.6 Mid Foot Point point and the clew point. (a) MAINSAIL and HEAD- (b) SPINNAKER: The point on SAIL: The point on the foot the foot equidistant from the equidistant from the tack clew points.

Leech Points

Upper Half Half Half a a b Three-quarter b a Headsaila Spinnaker A distance b b a Half specified in class rules b d Three-quarter Three-quarter c b a c d Quarter Mainsail

a Half Half Spinnaker c a c

Mid Foot Point

Headsail Spinnaker Mainsail

a a

a a aa

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G.6 SAIL REINFORCEMENT G.6.3 Batten Pocket Patch Secondary reinforcement at the G.6.1 Primary Reinforcement inner end of a batten pocket. An unrestricted number of additional ply of permitted G.6.4 Chafing Patch material: Secondary reinforcement where at a corner a sail can touch a spreader, at a Cunningham hole stanchion, shroud or spinnaker at a reefing point adjacent to pole. the luff G.6.5 Flutter Patch at a reefing point adjacent to the leech Secondary reinforcement on the leech or the foot at the end of a at a sail recovery point seam. where permitted by the class rules G.7 PRIMARY SAIL G.6.2 Secondary Reinforcement DIMENSIONS Not more than two additional ply See also H.5 of permitted material each not thicker than the maximum thick- G.7.1 Foot Length ness of the ply of the body of the (a) MAINSAIL and HEAD- sail: SAIL: The distance between at a corner the clew point and the tack point. at a Cunningham hole (b) SPINNAKER: The distance at a reefing point adjacent to between the clew points. the luff at a reefing point adjacent to G.7.2 Leech Length the leech The distance between the head at a sail recovery point point and the clew point. to form a flutter patch to form a chafing patch G.7.3 Luff Length to form a batten pocket The distance between the head patch point and the tack point. where permitted by the class rules

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G.7.4 Quarter Width Lengths (a) MAINSAIL and HEAD- SAIL: The shortest distance between the quarter leech point and the luff. (b) SPINNAKER: The distance Leech length between the quarter leech Luff length points. Mainsail G.7.5 Half Width (a) MAINSAIL and HEAD- SAIL: The shortest distance between the half leech point Foot length and the luff. (b) SPINNAKER: The distance between the half leech points. Leech length Luff length G.7.6 Three-Quarter Width Headsail (a) MAINSAIL and HEAD- Luff length SAIL: The shortest distance Leech length between the three-quarter leech point and the luff. Headsail Foot length (b) SPINNAKER: The distance between the three-quarter

Foot length leech points.

G.7.7 Upper Width

Leech length (a) MAINSAIL and HEAD- Leech length SAIL: The shortest distance Spinnaker between the upper leech point and the luff. (b) SPINNAKER: The distance Foot length between the upper leech points.

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Widths Three-quarter

Top Three-quarter Half Half Upper Quarter Three-quarter Quarter Headsail Spinnaker

Half Top

Three-quarter

Distance specified Half in class rules Quarter

Mainsail Upper Quarter Spinnaker

G.7.8 Top Width G.8 OTHER SAIL The distance between the head DIMENSIONS point and the aft head point. See also H.5

G.7.9 Diagonal G.8.1 Batten Pocket Length (a) SPINNAKER: The distance (a) INSIDE: The distance between a clew point and the between the sail edge and the opposite half leech point. internal extreme end of the batten pocket, measured G.7.10 Foot Median parallel to the pocket centre- The distance between the head line. The effect of any elastic point and the mid foot point. or other retaining device shall be ignored. G.7.11 Luff Perpendicular (b) OUTSIDE: The distance (a) MAINSAIL and HEAD- between the sail edge and the SAIL: The shortest distance external extreme end of the between the clew point and batten pocket, measured the luff. parallel to the pocket centreline.

28 EQUIPMENT RULES OF SAILING

G.8.2 Batten Pocket Width Foot Median and Diagonal (a) INSIDE: The greatest distance between inside edges of the batten pocket measured at 90° to pocket Mainsail centreline. Local widening for batten insertion shall be Foot median ignored. (b) OUTSIDE: The greatest distance between the outside edges of the batten pocket measured at 90° to the pocket centreline. Local widening for batten insertion shall be ignored. Headsail

Batten Pocket Length and Width

Width – outside

Width – inside

Headsail Length – inside Length – outside

Spinnaker Diagonal Diagonal

Spinnaker

29 EQUIPMENT RULES OF SAILING

G.8.3 Foot Irregularity Foot Irregularity The maximum distance between the edges of the foot when first the tack point and then the clew point are superimposed on any part of the foot.

G.8.4 Reinforcement Size (a) AT A CORNER: The greatest dimension of the sail reinforcement from a sail corner measurement point. (b) ELSEWHERE: The greatest

dimension of the sail Fold reinforcement.

Reinforcements = Primary reinforcement

Chafing = Secondary reinforcement patch Flutter patch Batten pocket patch Chafing Headsail patch Chafing patch Recovery Mainsail point

Leech Luff reefing reefing point point Cunningham Spinnaker Chafing hole patch

30 EQUIPMENT RULES OF SAILING

G.8.5 Seam Width Sail Edges The width of a seam measured at and Corners Head 90° to the seam. Peak G.8.6 Tabling Width Leech Throat The width of a tabling measured at 90° to the sail edge. Luff Clew Tack Seam Width and Tabling Width

Foot Tabling width

Seam width G.3 SAIL CORNERS

G.3.4 Peak The area where the head and the leech meet.

Tabling width G.3.5 Throat The area where the head and the luff meet. Subsection B – Additions for Other Sails G.4 SAIL CORNER MEASUREMENT POINTS The following definitions for other sails, e.g. “GAFF SAILS”, G.4.4 Peak Point “LUGSAILS” and “SPRIT- The intersection of the head and SAILS”, are additional to or vary leech, each extended as those given in Subsection A of necessary. this Section.

Peak Point G.2 SAIL EDGES

G.2.4 Head Head Leech Leech The top edge. Head Mainsail Mainsail

31 EQUIPMENT RULES OF SAILING

G.4.5 Throat Point G.7 PRIMARY SAIL The intersection of the head and DIMENSIONS luff, each extended as necessary. G.7.2 Leech Length The distance between the peak Throat Point point and the clew point. Head Head G.7.3 Luff Length The distance between the throat Mainsail Mainsail Luff Luff point and the tack point.

G.7.9 Diagonal G.5 OTHER SAIL The distance between the throat MEASUREMENT POINTS point and the clew point.

G.5.2 Half Leech Point G.7.10 Foot Median The point on the leech equi- The distance between the peak distant from the peak point and point and the mid foot point. the clew point. G.7.12 Head Length G.5.3 Three-Quarter Leech Point The distance between the peak The point on the leech equi- point and the throat point. distant from the peak point and the half leech point. Lengths and Foot Median G.5.4 Upper Leech Point Head length The point on the leech a specified distance from the peak point.

Leech length Foot median Diagonal Luff length

Foot length

32 EQUIPMENT RULES OF SAILING

PART III – MEASUREMENT RULES

Section H – Measurement place, which if in doubt shall consult the authority responsible for interpreting the class rules. H.1 MEASURERS

H.1.1 A measurer shall not measure any H.2 AXES OF part of a boat owned, designed or MEASUREMENT built by himself, or in which he is an interested party, or has a vest- H.2.1 Words such as “fore”, “aft”, ed interest, except where per- “above”, “below”, “height”, mitted by the MNA. “depth”, “length”, “beam”, “free- board”, “inboard” and “outboard” H.1.2 If an official measurer is in any acquire a precise meaning in mea- doubt as to the application of, or surement as they are all taken to compliance with, the class rules refer to a boat in measurement of any part of a boat he shall trim. All measure-ment denoted consult the certification autho- by these, or similar words, shall rity, which if in doubt shall con- be taken parallel to one of the sult the authority responsible for three major axes. interpreting the class rules, before signing a measurement form H.2.2 Width, thickness, length etc. of a or attaching a certification component shall be measured as mark. appropriate for that component, without reference to the hull axis. H.1.3 An official measurer shall only carry out fundamental measure- H.2.3 Unless otherwise specified, mea- ment in another country with the surement shall be the shortest dis- prior agreement of the MNA in tance between the measurement the country where the measure- points. ment shall take place. H.2.4 Longitudinal measurements shall H.1.4 If an event measurer is in any be taken parallel to the horizontal doubt as to the application of, or hull axes. compliance with, the class rules, the question should be referred to the, certification authority in the country where the event takes

33 EQUIPMENT RULES OF SAILING

H.3 RIG MEASUREMENT Spar H.3.1 Measurements in the length direction shall be taken along the spar at the side relevant for the measurement and between planes Fore-and-aft through the measurement points section at 90° to the spar. Local cut away

Fitting Spar Length Measurements Fore-and-aft section

Plane through measurement H.3.3 No external pressure shall be point applied to a spar when measuring unless specifically prescribed. H.3.4 Adjustable fittings shall be set in the position that gives the greatest value when the measurement is taken. H.3.5 When mast spar deflection or boom spar deflection is checked, free ends of rigging shall not be supported by the Plane through spar. measurement H.3.6 When mast tip weight is point checked, halyards shall be fully hoisted and rigging shall be tied to the spar at the lower limit mark with lower ends hanging H.3.2 Fittings, local curvature and local free or resting on the ground. cut away, shall be ignored when measuring a spar.

34 EQUIPMENT RULES OF SAILING

H.4 SAIL MEASUREMENT Hollow Batten pocket H.4.1 Conditions of Sail “A” to be added The sail shall to measurement “B” Measurement point be dry, B not be attached to spars or A rigging, Hollow have all battens removed, have pockets of any type Batten pocket flattened out, have just sufficient tension applied to remove wrinkles across the line of the mea- sail edge, the hollow shall be surement being taken and bridged by a straight line and the have only one measurement shortest distance from the mea- taken at a time. surement point to the straight line shall be measured. This distance H.4.2 Hollows in Sail Edges shall be added to the measurement being taken. Where the sail edge is hollow; between adjacent batten H.4.3 Attachments pockets; Attachments to an edge of the between the aft head point sail, other than a bolt rope, shall and adjacent batten pocket; be ignored when measuring. between the clew point and adjacent batten pocket; H.5 CHECKING MATERIALS between the tack point and A measurer is not required to adjacent batten pocket; check materials unless the class and a measurement point falls in rules specifically prescribe this. the hollow, the sail shall be flattened out in the area of the

35 EQUIPMENT RULES OF SAILING

INDEX

Defined Term(s) Rule Defined Term(s) Rule

Aft Head Point ...... G.5.5 Closed Class Rules ...... C.3.2 Attachments ...... G.1.15 Corrector Weight ...... C.2.6 Back Stay Height ...... F.7.7 Crew ...... C.1.1 Ballast ...... C.2.5 Daggerboard ...... E.1.8 Batten Pocket ...... G.1.11 Diagonal (trilateral sails) ...... G.7.9 Batten Pocket Length ...... G.8.1 Diagonal (other sails) ...... G.7.9* Batten Pocket Patch ...... G.6.3 Double Luff Sail ...... G.1.8 Batten Pocket Width ...... G.8.2 Event Limitation Mark ...... C.2.8 Bilge Keel ...... E.1.3 Event Measurement ...... C.4.2 Bilgeboard ...... E.1.9 Event Measurer ...... C.4.4 Boat...... C.2.1 Fin ...... E.1.4 Boat Length ...... C.2.4 Flutter Patch...... G.6.5 Body of the Sail ...... G.1.2 Foot ...... G.2.1 Boom ...... F.9.1 Foot Irregularity...... G.8.3 Boom Spar Cross Section ...... F.12.4 Foot Length ...... G.7.1 Boom Spar Curvature ...... F.12.2 Foot Median (trilateral sails) ...... G.7.10 Boom Spar Deflection ...... F.12.3 Foot Median (other sails)...... G.7.10* Boom Weight ...... F.12.5 Forestay Height ...... F.7.5 Bowsprit ...... F.15.1 Foretriangle Base ...... F.3.1 Bowsprit Limit Marks ...... F.17 Foretriangle Height ...... F.3.2 Bowsprit Point ...... F.16.1 Fundamental Measurement ...... C.4.1 Bowsprit Point Distance ...... F.18.1 Half Leech Point Bowsprit Spar Cross Section ...... F.18.2 (trilateral sails) ...... G.5.2 Bowsprit Weight ...... F.18.3 Half Leech Point (other sails) ..... G.5.2* Bulb ...... E.1.5 Half Width ...... G.7.5 Centreboard ...... E.1.7 Head (other sails) ...... G.2.4* Certificate ...... C.5.3 Head (trilateral sails) ...... G.3.2 Certification - see “Certify” Head Length ...... G.7.12* Certification Authority ...... C.5.1 Head Point ...... G.4.2 Certification Mark ...... C.5.4 Heel Point ...... F.5.3 Certify ...... C.5.2 Hull ...... D.1.1 Chafing Patch ...... G.6.4 Hull Appendage ...... E.1.1 Check Stay Height ...... F.7.8 Hull Datum Point ...... D.2.1 Class Rules ...... C.3.1 Hull Length ...... D.3.1 Clew ...... G.3.1 Hull Weight...... D.4.1 Clew Point ...... G.4.1 International Measurer...... C.4.5

36 EQUIPMENT RULES OF SAILING

Defined Term(s) Rule Defined Term(s) Rule

Keel...... E.1.2 Rig ...... F.1.1 Laminated Ply ...... G.1.6 Rigging ...... F.1.4 Leech ...... G.2.2 Rigging Point ...... F.7.4 Leech Length (trilateral sails) ...... G.7.2 Rudder ...... E.1.10 Leech Length (other sails) ...... G.7.2* Sail ...... G.1.1 Limit Mark...... C.2.7 Sail Edges ...... G.2 Limit Mark Width ...... F.2.1 Sail Opening ...... G.1.12 Lower Limit Mark ...... F.6.1 Sailboard ...... C.2.2 Lower Point ...... F.5.4 Seam ...... G.1.9 Lower Point Height ...... F.7.2 Seam Width ...... G.8.5 Luff ...... G.2.3 Secondary Reinforcement ...... G.6.2 Luff Length (trilateral sails) ...... G.7.3 Sheer ...... D.1.3 Luff Length (other sails) ...... G.7.3* Sheerline ...... D.1.2 Luff Perpendicular ...... G.7.11 Shroud Height ...... F.7.6 Major Axes ...... C.2.3 Single-Ply Sail ...... G.1.7 Mast ...... F.4.1 Skeg ...... E.1.6 Mast Datum Point ...... F.5.1 Skipper ...... C.1.2 Mast Length ...... F.7.1 Soft Sail ...... G.1.4 Mast Spar Cross Section ...... F.7.13 Spar ...... F.1.2 Mast Spar Curvature ...... F.7.11 Spar Weight ...... F.7.14 Mast Spar Deflection ...... F.7.12 Spinnaker Hoist Height ...... F.7.10 Mast Weight ...... F.7.15 Spinnaker Pole ...... F.13.1 Mid Foot Point ...... G.5.6 Spinnaker Pole Official Measurer...... C.4.3 Fitting Height ...... F.8.2(a) Open Class Rules ...... C.3.3 Spinnaker Pole Fitting Outer Limit Mark (boom) ...... F.11.1 Projection ...... F.8.2(b) Outer Limit Mark (bowsprit) ...... F.17.2 Spinnaker Pole Length ...... F.14.1 Outer Point...... F.10.1 Spinnaker Pole Spar Outer Point Distance...... F.12.1 Cross Section...... F.14.2 Peak ...... G.3.4* Spinnaker Pole Weight ...... F.14.3 Peak Point ...... G.4.4* Spreader ...... F.1.3 Personal Buoyancy ...... C.1.4 Spreader Height ...... F.8.1(b) Personal Equipment ...... C.1.3 Spreader Length...... F.8.1(a) Ply ...... G.1.3 Stiffening ...... G.1.14 Primary Reinforcement ...... G.6.1 Tabling ...... G.1.10 Quarter Leech Point ...... G.5.1 Tabling Width ...... G.8.6 Quarter Width ...... G.7.4 Tack ...... G.3.3 Reinforcement Size ...... G.8.4 Tack Point ...... G.4.3

37 EQUIPMENT RULES OF SAILING

Defined Term(s) Rule Defined Term(s) Rule

Three-Quarter Leech Point Upper Leech Point (trilateral sails) ...... G.5.3* (other sails) ...... G.5.4* Three-Quarter Leech Point Upper Limit Mark...... F.6.2 (other sails) ...... G.5.3 Upper Point ...... F.5.5 Three-Quarter Width ...... G.7.6 Upper Point Height ...... F.7.3 Throat ...... G.3.5* Upper Width ...... G.7.7 Throat Point ...... G.4.5* Whisker Pole ...... F.13.1 Tip Weight ...... F.7.16 Whisker Pole Length ...... F.14.1 Top Point ...... F.5.3 Whisker Pole Spar Top Width ...... G.7.8 Cross Section...... F.14.2 Trapeze Height ...... F.7.9 Whisker Pole Weight ...... F.14.3 Trim Tab ...... E.1.11 Window ...... G.1.13 Upper Leech Point Woven Ply...... G.1.5 (trilateral sails) ...... G.5.4 Upper Leech Point (other sails) ...... G.5.4*

* See Section G, Subsection B – Additions Other Sails