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USPS® Nautical Glossary © 1999 United States Power Squadrons Abcde Fghij Klmno Pqrst Uvwxy Z

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USPS® Nautical Glossary © 1999 United States Power Squadrons Abcde Fghij Klmno Pqrst Uvwxy Z USPS® Nautical Glossary © 1999 United States Power Squadrons abcde fghij klmno pqrst uvwxy z Return to Keyboard USPS® Nautical Glossary Return to Keyboard A aback To have the wind on the forward side of the sails. abaft Behind, aft of. abandonment An abandoned race is one that is declared void by the race committee at any time; can be resailed at the race committee’s discretion. abeam Off the boat at right angles to centerline. aboard Upon or in the boat. about See come about, ready about. absolute humidity The mass of water vapor per unit volume of air. Generally expressed in grams per cubic meter. absolute temperature Scientific temperature scale with 0° as the point at which mol- ecules cease their motion. See Kelvin temperature. absorption (of radiation) The process by which radiant energy is retained by (i.e., not reflected from or transmitted through) a substance. Return to Keyboard USPS® Nautical Glossary Return to Keyboard accelerator pump A small pump in the carburetor, operated by a throttle linkage that supplies additional fuel needed for acceleration of the boat. active device A device that requires and controls electrical power to per- form its function, such as a transistor. adapter A device for connecting two dissimilar connectors. adiabatic process A process in which no heat is transferred between the sur- roundings and the system being changed. The temperature, pressure, and volume of a parcel of air (or any gas) are inter- related. A change in volume or pressure can thus produce a change in temperature without the addition or removal of heat. See general gas law, temperature. adrift Unattached to shore or bottom, floating out of control. advection Transport of atmospheric conditions such as temperature, pres- sure, and humidity, from one place to another by the motion of air (wind). advection fog Fog formed when warm, moist air is transported over a cold surface that lowers the temperature of the air below the dew point. aft After; at, near, or toward the stern. Return to Keyboard USPS® Nautical Glossary Return to Keyboard aground Touching or stuck on the bottom. ahead 1. The direction toward the bow or a boat (relative to the position of the observer). 2. In front of a boat. 3. Moving in a forward direction. Compare astern. ahoy Term used in hailing a boat. ahull See lie ahull. aids to navigation Charted objects available to assist in determination of position or safe course, or to warn of danger (e.g., buoys, beacons, fog signals, lights, radio beacons, range marks). Also, any elec- tronic devices used for navigation. airfoil A device designed to deflect an air stream, thereby deriving energy from it. Examples: an aircraft wing, elevator, or rud- der; a kite; a sail. air-fuel ratio Ratio by weight of fuel compared to air in the carburetor mix- ture. air-gap Space between spark plug electrodes. Return to Keyboard USPS® Nautical Glossary Return to Keyboard air mass Air with uniform properties over a large surface area. These properties will vary vertically within the air mass, but be nearly uniform horizontally. air-mass thunderstorm A thunderstorm that is not associated with a weather front that develops locally owing to heating of humid air near the surface (such as by hot asphalt in a parking lot), causing the air to rise, cool, and form storm clouds. alee To leeward, away from the wind. alignment The bringing together of two parts of a mechanical coupling in near-perfect horizontal and vertical agreement. aloft Above deck, usually in the rigging. alongside Along or close to another boat or a pier. alternating current (AC) An electric current that reverses direction of flow at regularly recurring intervals of time. alternator A device that generates an alternating voltage by rotating a coil through a magnetic field, or by a rotating magnetic field cutting the turns of a stationary coil. Diodes may be attached to convert the AC voltage to DC voltage. Return to Keyboard USPS® Nautical Glossary Return to Keyboard altitude Angular distance above the horizon, measured along a verti- cal circle from the horizon to a celestial body. altitude difference See intercept. altocumulus A form of middle cloud with many dome-shaped or pillow-shaped elements, indicating some vertical development. altostratus A form of middle cloud that is sheet-like, or layered, in shape. ambient General current conditions of the atmosphere such as tem- perature and pressure in a region. amidships In or near the middle of the boat. ammeter A meter connected in series with a circuit to measure the current flowing through the circuit. It is also possible to have a clamp-on meter. ampacity The current-carrying capacity of a conductor, expressed in amperes. ampere (I) The unit of measurement of current flow. The symbol for cur- rent in amperes in equations is (I). Return to Keyboard USPS® Nautical Glossary Return to Keyboard ampere-hour (Ah) One ampere flowing in a circuit for one hour, or 0.1 ampere for 10 hours. Also used to rate the capacity of a storage bat- tery, stating the number of hours the battery will supply a given number of amperes before discharge. amplification Increasing the output voltage, current, or power of a device over that which is supplied to its input terminals. amplifier Any device that produces amplification. amplitude 1. The magnitude of a voltage, current, or power. 2. The arc, measured along the observer’s horizon, between an observed (celestial) body on the horizon and the observer’s prime vertical. amplitude modulation (AM) The process of impressing intelligence on a radio-frequency signal by varying its amplitude in accordance with the ampli- tude of the information to be transmitted. analemma curve A graduated scale of the declination of the sun and the equa- tion of time for each day of the year, located in the Torrid Zone on the terrestrial globe. analog Value of a measurement displayed graphically or by move- ment of a meter pointer; pertains to data in the form of con- tinuously variable physical quantities. Return to Keyboard USPS® Nautical Glossary Return to Keyboard analog display Method of presenting physical variables such as speed or di- rection, indicated by a pointer on a scale, usually a graduated dial. anchor Device used to secure a boat to the bottom of a body of wa- ter. anchorage Suitable or designated place where boats anchor. anchor watch A security lookout maintained while a vessel is anchored or docked. anemometer An instrument for measuring wind speed. aneroid barometer An instrument that measures atmospheric pressure via the rise or fall of a flexible metal disk that is part of a sealed chamber containing a partial vacuum. angle of attack The angle between the apparent wind and the sail chord, or the water flow and the rudder. anode The positive electrode, toward which the negative ions are drawn. antenna A wire, rod, or other assembly designed to transmit or receive radio signals. Return to Keyboard USPS® Nautical Glossary Return to Keyboard antenna gain Ratio of power radiated from a complex antenna system or array to that radiated by a simple reference antenna, such as a dipole. anticyclone A high-pressure area (highest pressure at the center) in which the wind is spiraling outward—clockwise in the Northern Hemi- sphere. Referred to as a high. See cyclone. antifreeze A chemical that lowers the freezing point of water. It may also contain anti-rust and lubricating compounds. anti-friction bearing A bearing constructed with balls or rollers between journal and bearing surfaces to provide rolling instead of sliding fric- tion. anti-siphon valve A valve that admits air to a line and prevents siphonic action. anvil top Common appearance of the cloud tops of well-developed thun- derstorms. This portion of the cloud is often blown downwind by strong air currents at high altitudes, causing the top to look like an anvil. apparent altitude (ha) Resulting value after sextant altitude (hs) is corrected for in- dex error and dip. Return to Keyboard USPS® Nautical Glossary Return to Keyboard apparent time Time based on the rotation of the earth relative to the appar- ent (true) sun. apparent wind The vector (speed and direction) sum of the actual wind and the wind created by the movement of the boat. The wind di- rection and speed experienced by an observer on the moving boat. aqualift An engine exhaust system and silencing system in which cool- ing water is injected into the exhaust and carried out by the exhaust gases. arc 1. The discharge of electrical current across a gap. 2. Gradu- ated scale of a marine sextant. 3. Part of a curved line, as of a circle. arc to time The converting of arc in degrees to time in hours (hh), min- utes (mm), and seconds (ss). arctic air mass The coldest of air masses originating in high latitudes. arctic smoke See steam fog. Return to Keyboard USPS® Nautical Glossary Return to Keyboard Aries See first point of Aries. armature Part of an electric motor or generator that includes the main current-carrying winding. artificial horizon A device, such as a pan of dark oil, used to indicate a horizon- tal reference when a true horizon is not available to take sights with a sextant. aspect ratio 1. Square of the luff length of a sail divided by the sail area. 2. Square of the depth of a keel divided by the keel area. assumed latitude (Asm L) The latitude at which an observer is assumed to be for a cal- culation of computed altitude (Hc) in some methods of sight reduction.
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