DOCSLIB.ORG

Uhm Phd 4294 R.Pdf

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Uhm Phd 4294 R.Pdf UNIVERSITY OF HAWAI'I LIBRARY AN ETHNOGRAPHIC STUDY OF THE CONSTRUCTION OF HAWAIIAN CHRISTIANITY IN THE PAST AND THE PRESENT A DISSERTATION SUBMITTED TO THE GRADUATE DIVISION OF THE UNIVERSITY OF HAWAI'I IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY IN ANTHROPOLOGY May 2003 By Akihiro Inoue Dissertation Committee: Alice G. Dewey, Chairperson C. Fred Blake Christine R. Yano David L. Hanlon Jonathan K. K. Osorio © Copyright 2003 by Akihiro Inoue iii ToSakae, Akinari, Eiji and Ayumi IV ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS My deepest thanks and respect are owed to those who willingly complied with my request for an interview and gave me various inspiring talks. Some ofthem are affectionately called kahu among their congregations, others work hard as church members to contribute to their churches. Whether they are Hawaiian or not, I understand that they are leading a Christian life, which I can learn much from. All of those who shared their perspectives with me in my interviews stimulated me to probe into the problem offaith, which I must deal with personally as well as academically. I refrain from identifying them in order to maintain their anonymity, and only give most of them the general term of "Christian Hawaiians," which certainly obscures the significant diversity oftheir personality. If they are not convinced by the way their narratives were interpreted, I will have to engage in further dialogue in order to answer to them. I extend my hearty thanks to members ofmy dissertation committee. Due to personal circumstances that I had to return to Japan before completing my research, and because of my slow pace of writing, I was not able to hold the original committee. I am grateful to Alice G. Dewey who readily consented to succeed the chair and gave me every encouragement, C. Fred Blake and David L. Hanlon whose thoughtful comments in various stages provided me with plenty of inspiration, Christine R. Yano and Jonathan K. K. Osorio who willingly joined the committee in order to rescue me in the final stage. I wish to thank all ofthem for their critical engagement with my dissertation writing. The content of the dissertation, however, is entirely my own responsibility. I am also grateful to the former committee members, Jocelyn S. Linnekin and S. Alan Howard, for their advice on my research in the earlier stage, both ofwhom were unable to remain on my committee until the end because of the slow progress of my work. v Chapter 2 is based on an article that appeared in Anthropological Forum 10 (2):157-177,2000. I thank Robert Tonkinson and reviewers from Anthropological Forum for their thoughtful comments on drafts of this article. Portions of Chapter 5 appeared in Man and Culture in Oceania 14:31-68, 1998. Matoti Yamamoto and reviewers from Man and Culture in Oceania offered helpful suggestions on earlier drafts, which I deeply appreciate. I acknowledge the aforementioned two journals that consent to incorporate the published articles in this dissertation. This dissertation is an overdue final product that should punctuate my study abroad at the University of Hawai'i at Manoa. My academic life in Hawaii was supported by Tentikyo Ichiretsukai, a scholarship organization ofTenrikyo, one of the oldest "new" religions in Japan. VI ABSTRACT The original question this study posed was, "How do contemporary Christian Hawaiians identify themselves between being Hawaiian and being Christian?" This hypothetical question is fundamentally oriented in the present. In order to find better answers to the question, however, a broader historical framework is indispensable. Therefore, the dissertation is composed of two focuses: the past and the present of Hawaiian Christianity - mainly in the Congregationalist tradition. They are separated not only by time and target of investigation but also in the analytical methods used for approaching targets. However, I attempt to present them in such a manner as to make interpretation of the past and the present resonate. In the historical study of this dissertation, I investigate how Hawaiians incorporated Christianity in the latter halfof the 19th century and how Hawaiian culture functioned in the process ofincorporation. By locating two dissident Hawaiian Christian movements within a broader social context of the colonial condition, I aim to describe how Hawaiians were dealing with Christianity. Although their results were different, leaders ofthe two movements attempted to seize the initiative and establish sovereignty in the church. They wanted to establish a real church for Hawaiians. In the study of contemporary Hawaiian Christianity, I investigate how Christian Hawaiians are constructing their identity and faith. Through examining their narratives on how they deal with Hawaiian traditions and Christianity, I show how their identity and faith are diversely constructed but loosely unified under the problem that originally brings about diversity. I also point out that Christian Hawaiians are facing difficulty in the process of establishing Hawaiian Christianity because of the post-colonial condition, in which Hawaiian-ness (a symbolic complex of Hawaiian history, culture and identity) is competitively represented and has never had a fixed unitary meaning. vn By juxtaposing the past and present ofHawaiian Christianity, I argue that Hawaiian-ness can serve not only as a problem but also as a catalyst when constructing Hawaiian Christian faith in the present. As a post-colonial problem, the relation between culture and faith becomes a significant issue for Christian Hawaiians, who desire to make Christianity Hawaiian. VlIl TABLE OF CONTENTS ACKNOWLEDGEMENT v ABSTRACT vii LIST OF TABLES xii LIST OF FIGURES xiii LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS xiv CHAPTER 1. INTRODUCTION 1 Initial Questions I The Construction of Hawaiian Christianity 2 Previous Studies ofHawaiian Christianity 5 Theory, Methods and Outline 8 The Beginning 11 CHAPTER 2. CULTURAL CONSTRUCTIONISM RECONSIDERED IN THE PACIFIC 15 Introduction 15 Anthropological Theories ofCultural Identity 17 Anthropologists and Fourth World Peoples: From a Hawaiian Case 21 Politics, Tradition and Academe: From Australian Cases 26 Texts, Readers and Realities 32 Concluding Remarks 37 CHAPTER 3. HAWAIIAN CHRISTIANITY FROM THE LATE 19TH TO THE EARLY 20TH CENTURy 43 Introduction 43 The Beginning of the Hawaiian Missions 47 Social Changes Surrounding the Congregational Churches 51 Demographic Changes 51 Influx ofOther Christian Denominations 58 The Old System Disappears 62 Foundation ofNon-Hawaiian Churches and Language Shift from Hawaiian to English 63 IX Overthrow ofthe Hawaiian Monarchy 69 Revival ofTraditional Religion 72 Lingering Idolatry and Resurging Kahuna 72 Kahuna in the Eyes ofCongregational Ministers 76 Concluding Remarks 82 CHAPTER 4. DISSIDENT HAWAllAN CHRISTIAN MOVEMENTS IN THE LATE 19TH CENTURY 90 Introduction 90 Kaona Insurrection 95 A Sign ofthe Incident 95 An Outbreak 100 The End ofthe Incident 103 Doctrine and Activity of Kaona 106 The Birth of Hoomana Naauao 114 "Jubilee Book" 114 The Mission Work ofPoloailehua 116 The Conversion ofKekipi 119 Toward the Establishment ofan Independent Church 122 Early Doctrine and Activity of Hoomana Naauao 125 Hawaiian Culture Seen in the "Jubilee Book" 129 Concluding Remarks 130 CHAPTER 5. THE MAKING OF HAWAIIAN IDENTITY AND THE PRESENT SOCIa-CULTURAL CONDITION 140 Introduction 140 Problematics ofEthnicity 144 History of "Hawaiian" as an Ethnic Group 154 Hawaiian Cultural and Political Situations 162 Questionnaire Survey Analysis 168 Culture, Blood and Land: Ethnic Identity ofHawaiian Students 168 Between Two Traditions: Christianity and Hawaiian Traditional Religion 174 Religious Affiliation 174 x 'Aumakua 176 Ho'okupu 178 Identity Composition ofHawaiian Students 181 Concluding Remarks 188 CHAPTER 6. CHRISTIAN HAWAIIAN IDENTITIES THROUGH THEIR NARRATIVES OF HAWAllAN TRADITIONS 198 Introduction 198 Severing 'Aumiikua 202 'Aumiikua as Guardian Angels 207 Dichotomizing Kahuna into Good and Evil 213 Appropriating Hula in Hawaiian Churches 218 What is the Acceptable Hula for Christian Hawaiians? 224 Concluding Remarks 230 CHAPTER 7. BEING HAWAllAN AND BEING CHRISTIAN: THE ENTANGLED CONDITION OF HAWAllAN CHRISTIANITy 239 Introduction 239 Syncretism and Multi-Ethnicity 242 Feeling of Cultural Loss and Recovery 248 Reinterpretation and Relocation of Hawaiian Tradition 252 Hawaiian Tradition and Christianity 258 Culture and Faith 267 Concluding Remarks 271 CHAPTER 8. CLOSING REMARKS 274 APPENDIX A. A QUESTIONNAIRE SHEET 278 APPENDIX B. A LETTER FROM KAONA'S FOLLOWERS PUBLISHED IN THE PCA (1868/10/24) 282 GLOSSARy 285 REFERENCES 291 XI LIST OF TABLES Table Page 1. Religious Affiliation of Hawaiian Students 175 2. Affinity with the 'Aumakua (High School Respondents Only) 177 3. Types of the 'Aumakua 177 4. Offering the Ho 'okupu (High School Respondents Only) 178 5. Perception ofHawaiian Identity 182 xii LIST OF FIGURES Figure Page 1. Population of Hawaiians (1778-1990) 52 2. Population by Islands (1850-1970) 54 3. The HEA Membership: Four Island Associations (1831-1962) 55 4. Religious Affiliations ofHawaiians (1853 and 1896) 59 5. The HEA Membership: Hawaiian and Non-Hawaiian Churches (1831-1962) 65 6. "When the Kahunas Get Diplomas" 77 7. A Portrait of John Kekipi Maia [1831-1919] 115 8. A Portrait of John Hawelu Poloailehua [1838-] 117 9-a. Perception of Hawaiian Identity (4 High Schools) 183 9-b. Perception of Hawaiian Identity: Compared between Christian and Non-Christian Students (4 High Schools) 183 lO-a.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Terminology of Yacht Parts, Fittings, Sails & Sheets Etc
    Terminology of yacht parts, fittings, sails & sheets etc. Some of the obvious, and not so obvious, parts encountered on model yachts (and full size yachts). Bowsie, flat. Small drilled ‘plate’ through which runs a line, or cord, for adjustment of that line. Pre-war bowsies were often made in ivory, some were made in a fine plywood; today hard plastic is used. Bowsie, ring . A circular version of the flat bowsie, usually for larger yachts such as the A-class. Deck eye. An eye on a horizontal plate with fixing holes, located on the deck. Normally used for accepting backstay/forestay attachment, also shroud attachment on smaller yachts. Eyebolt. An eye, at the end of a threaded spigot, or bolt. Eyelet, sail. A sail eyelet is a brass part, in the shape of a ‘funnel’ before compression, and when pressed into a hole in a sail it makes a firm metal ring. It is then used to facilitate making off a line (or on occasions a wire hawser in full size practise). Larger/stronger eyelets used on laying up covers for full size boats, were turnovers , where a brass ring was firstly sewn in place over a hole punched in the sail or sheet, the turnover (eyelet) was then hammered in place using a rawhide mallet and dies. It made an immensely strong eyelet. Ferrule (slang, crimp). A brass ferrule, or sleeve, which when made off on one end of a wire, secures/attaches it by means of a loop made in the wire to a fitting or line. Head crane.
    [Show full text]
  • Crisp Autumnweather Brings Outiebestefforts
    10 THE SAN FBANCISCOGAIiljvSATUKDAY. OCTOBER 24. 1903. CRISP AUTUMN WEATHER BRINGS OUTIEBEST EFFORTS OF THEFOOTBALL MEN PLEASURE FLEET FOOTBALL CRACKS WILL SOON FOLD IN PRACTICE FOR FRESHMAN VICTORY RAISES HOPES ITS WHITE WINGS LEAGUE MATCHES OF THE CARDINAL'S ADHERENTS Three Yacht Clubs of Bay Members of Last Season's Hold Closing Jinks and Champion Eleven Become Berkeley Line-Up Changed Owing to Injuries Sus- Suppert of Present Year Attached to Other Clubs tained by Several Players. three senior yacht clubs of the for the association football cup bay willhold their closing entertain- will begin in January. This trophy — ALLment to-night and their closing Is open to clubs not included in the UNIVERSITY. Oct. 23.- Oct. 23 The withdrawal cruises to-morrow. The San Francis- PLAY membership of California Asso- Ideal football 4 game the weather prevails at of two or three men from the co Yacht Club will give a jinks In its ciation Football League. Several clubs Stanford, and with the men su- BERKELEY,on injuries brougnt quarters to-nlgbt STANFORD in account of has at Sausalito. are being formed, or are already organ- perb physical about Songs be by Glannlni, condition the cardinal's some changes this week in the will rendered R. ized, but will not have teams ready to hopes begin brighten slightly. line-up Mason, Frank Clod!, Healey to That of the University of California W. W. T. play regular league schedule condition is an and Le Page, zither solo by in the all-Important factor In a eleven. These changes are likely to be Louis and a games, which have already been arranged.
    [Show full text]
  • The Dread Taboo, Human Sacrifice, and Pearl Harbor
    The Dread Taboo, Human Sacrifice, and Pearl Harbor RDKHennan The word taboo, or tabu, is well known to everyone, but it is especially interesting that it is one of but two or possibly three words from the Polynesian language to have been adopted by the English-speaking world. While the original meaning of the taboo was "Sacred" or "Set apart," usage has given it a decidedly secular meaning, and it has become a part of everyday speech all over the world. In the Hawaiian lan­ guage the word is "kapu," and in Honolulu we often see a sign on a newly planted lawn or in a park that reads, not, "Keep off the Grass," but, "Kapu." And to understand the history and character of the Hawaiian people, and be able to interpret many things in our modern life in these islands, one must have some knowledge of the story of the taboo in Hawaii. ANTOINETTE WITHINGTON, "The Dread Taboo," in Hawaiian Tapestry Captain Cook's arrival in the Hawaiian Islands signaled more than just the arrival of western geographical and scientific order; it was the arrival of British social and political order, of British law and order as well. From Cook onward, westerners coming to the islands used their own social­ civil codes as a basis to judge, interpret, describe, and almost uniformly condemn Hawaiian social and civil codes. With this condemnation, west­ erners justified the imposition of their own order on the Hawaiians, lead­ ing to a justification of colonialism and the loss of land and power for the indigenous peoples.
    [Show full text]
  • The New York Sloop
    The New York Sloop The most important of the sloop-rigged small-boat types used in the fisheries was the New York sloop, which had a style of hull and rig that influenced the design of both yachts and work-boats for over thirty years. The New York boats were developed sometime in the 1830's, when the centerboard had been accepted. The boats were built all about New York Bay, particularly on the Jersey shore. The model spread rapidly, and, by the end of the Civil War, the shoal centerboard sloop of the New York style had appeared all along the shores of western Long Island Sound, in northern New Jersey, and from thence southward into Delaware and Chesapeake waters. In the postwar growth of the southern fisheries, during the 1870's and 80's, this class of sloop was adopted all along the coasts of the South Atlantic states and in the Gulf of Mexico; finally, the boats appeared at San Francisco. The model did not become very popular, however, east of Cape Cod. The New York sloop was a distinctive boat—a wide, shoal centerboarder with a rather wide, square stern and a good deal of dead rise, the midsection being a wide, shallow V with a high bilge. The working sloops usually had a rather hard bilge; but in some it was very slack, and a strongly flaring side was used. Originally, the ends were plumb, and the stem often showed a slight tumble home at the cutwater. V-sterns and short overhanging counters were gradually introduced in the 1850's, particularly in the boats over 25 feet in length on deck.
    [Show full text]
  • Build the USS CONSTITUTION the World’S Oldest Commissioned Naval Vessel Afloat 12 Build the USS CONSTITUTION Contents STAGE PAGE 111 Sails 245
    Build the USS CONSTITUTION The world’s oldest commissioned naval vessel afloat 12 Build the USS CONSTITUTION Contents STAGE PAGE 111 Sails 245 112 Sails and flags 247 113 Sails 249 114 Sails 251 115 Sails 253 116 Sails 255 117 Sails 257 118 Sails 259 119 Sails 261 120 Sails 263 Editorial and design by Continuo Creative, 39-41 North Road, London N7 9DP. Published in the UK by De Agostini UK Ltd, Battersea Studios 2, 82 Silverthorne Road, London SW8 3HE. Published in the USA by De Agostini Publishing USA, Inc.,121 E. Calhoun Street, Woodstock, IL 60098. All rights reserved © 2017 Warning: Not suitable for children under the age of 14. This product is not a toy and is not designed or intended for use in play. Items may vary from those shown. USS CONSTITUTION STAGE: 111 C 79 Sails 75 68 V3. Fore topmast staysail V4. Main topmast staysail 57 V4 V3 111C Following the plan, attach the four yards (57, 68, 75 and 79) to the front of the foremast. 111D Now prepare the three sections of the mainmast, following the plan. The mainmast (81) with fittings and top, the main topmast (106) and the main topgallant mast (112) following the same process as with the foremast. 111A Retrieve the spritsail A D yard (20) and secure it to the 81 bowsprit with the parrel (23). Tie the parrel to the yard, then pass it over the bowsprit and secure the free end to the yard. 20 112 106 B E 64 111B Retrieve the foremast yards (57, 68, 75 and 79) prepared in Stage 110 and paint them with wood stain.
    [Show full text]
  • AGENDA MAPLEWOOD CITY COUNCIL 7:00 P.M. Monday, January 12, 2015 City Hall, Council Chambers Meeting No
    AGENDA MAPLEWOOD CITY COUNCIL 7:00 P.M. Monday, January 12, 2015 City Hall, Council Chambers Meeting No. 01-15 A. CALL TO ORDER B. PLEDGE OF ALLEGIANCE C. ROLL CALL Mayor’s Address on Protocol: “Welcome to the meeting of the Maplewood City Council. It is our desire to keep all discussions civil as we work through difficult issues tonight. If you are here for a Public Hearing or to address the City Council, please familiarize yourself with the Policies and Procedures and Rules of Civility, which are located near the entrance. Before addressing the council, sign in with the City Clerk. At the podium please state your name and address clearly for the record. All comments/questions shall be posed to the Mayor and Council. The Mayor will then direct staff, as appropriate, to answer questions or respond to comments.” D. APPROVAL OF AGENDA E. APPROVAL OF MINUTES 1. Approval of December 2, 2014 City Council Workshop Minutes 2. Approval of December 3, 2014 City Council Workshop Minutes 3. Approval of December 8, 2014 City Council Workshop Minutes 4. Approval of December 8, 2014 City Council Meeting Minutes F. APPOINTMENTS AND PRESENTATIONS 1. Approval of Resolution for Commission Appointments a) Human Rights Commission G. CONSENT AGENDA – Items on the Consent Agenda are considered routine and non- controversial and are approved by one motion of the council. If a councilmember requests additional information or wants to make a comment regarding an item, the vote should be held until the questions or comments are made then the single vote should be taken.
    [Show full text]
  • September 25,1873
    Farm, Garden and Household, Bruin ns a Pet. Glare Greenwood has found a pet bear Reclaiming a Farm. at Colorado Springs and thus lolls his in tho. New York Times: I'he New Farmer the story England gives Little Bruin xperienee of Owens in was an unfortunate, ("apt. reclaiming motherless unfortunate and rendering productive a worn-out farm foundling—more and more motherless than ever Massachusetts. It says— foundling was before—for he never saw his mother We had the of walk- pleasure recently and his never 11 ..■ ■■■ ■■ — —.. — mother behold him. lie was over the of an individual Republican Journal ig premises emphatically ‘an unlicked cub'—in fact, he u ho has been at work some live en- years was never born at all. An Indian to reclaim one of the old ‘•run- VOLUME 44. hunter, deavoring MAINE, THURSDAY, SEPTEMBER 18755. well-armed, came across a monstrous cin- ut" homesteads. In 25, NUMBER 12. Wilmington legiti- _BELFAST, namon bearess, and killed her—and—-well, mate and without the farming, spare cap- in our was a of six to a short, little boar sort of Mac- so “pats" 1x11-11 ital convenient in all of pound; neatly By the River. should attack me ; but, on more than one Englishman the arm, “w e must A Bark processes by gratify Old. The Iowa Train Robbers. duff. lie was a native, if that term can ex- stamped and for the of lOt^Years multiplving the spears of grass on an ready butler-plate 1 am occasion, disaster has sent me a tliis fellow.
    [Show full text]
  • Mormon Contributions to Hawaiian Music
    na makua mahalo iailallalaa mormon contributions to hawaiian music production dr ishmael stagner as he was even prior to the coming of the first missionaries for kacenakawena byuhawaiiBYU ranallhawaii pukui the strength of the hawaiian was spiritual and that nothing that he did was without cosmological or spiritual importance indeed all of life was a there Is a hawaiian saying holhohoii ana oe nana i1 ke fumukumu or go and spiritual exercise in which art ie singing dancing composing weaving look to the source the sources used in this program are recognized authorities carving and painting served two important functions first to remind men on various aspects of hawaiian culture in addition to being musicians poets of their interrelatedness with the universe and the gods who dwelled there composers and performers for many many years they also represent long long and secondly to demonstrate the kind of godlikegod likeilkebehavior men should display years of devoted mormon church service thus singing dancing and performing were all part of not only entertaining in this group of kukunakupunakupu1na are doctor mary kacenakawena pukui lexicographer menen but also of instructing them for ahaaraa wallanyalianhawaiian then ththee implications of author composer of more than three hundred songs and chants and recipient of the zathz9th29th section are extremely significant all things unto me are spiritual two honorary doctorates edith kanakaole composer chanter author translator and not at anytime have I1 given unto you a law which was temporal for
    [Show full text]
  • Glossary Revised February , 2014 Page 1 of 70
    Glossary Revised February , 2014 Page 1 of 70 Welcome to the CPS Glossary; a compilation of the glossaries from all of our course material. We hope you find it useful. Suggestions for additional words, or improvements to the definitions, are welcome. These should be sent to Curriculum. (Use Ctrl + F to Search) A Aback (à contre): To have the wind on the forward side of the sails. Abaft (Sur l’arrière de): In a direction towards the stern. Abeam (Droit par le travers): On the beam; a direction at right angles to the keel. Aboard (À bord): In or on board a vessel. About (virement): See Come ABout, Ready ABout. Abreast (côte à côte): Side by side. AdiaBatic (adiabatique): A process in which a change of pressure produces a change of temperature, without the application or removal of external heat. AdiaBatic Lapse Rate (gradient adiabatique): The rate of temperature change in air forced to move vertically. Admiralty Raster Chart Service (service du UKHO): the department of the United Kingdom Hydrographic Office, which began producing charts for the British Royal Navy and then for commercial use in its own proprietary format, the ARCS format. These charts are updated weekly as needed. Adrift (dérive (à la)): Unattached to shore or bottom, floating out of control. Advection (advection): The horizontal movement of any atmospheric property by the motion of the air. Advection Fog (brouillard d’advection): Fog caused by the transport of warm, moist air over a colder surface. Afloat (À flot): A vessel wholly supported by water and off the bottom. Aft (Arrière): At or towards the stern.
    [Show full text]
  • Hawaiian History: the Dispossession of Native Hawaiians' Identity, and Their Struggle for Sovereignty
    California State University, San Bernardino CSUSB ScholarWorks Electronic Theses, Projects, and Dissertations Office of aduateGr Studies 6-2017 Hawaiian History: The Dispossession of Native Hawaiians' Identity, and Their Struggle for Sovereignty Megan Medeiros CSUSB Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/etd Part of the Law Commons, Other Social and Behavioral Sciences Commons, Political Science Commons, and the Sociology Commons Recommended Citation Medeiros, Megan, "Hawaiian History: The Dispossession of Native Hawaiians' Identity, and Their Struggle for Sovereignty" (2017). Electronic Theses, Projects, and Dissertations. 557. https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/etd/557 This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the Office of aduateGr Studies at CSUSB ScholarWorks. It has been accepted for inclusion in Electronic Theses, Projects, and Dissertations by an authorized administrator of CSUSB ScholarWorks. For more information, please contact [email protected]. HAWAIIAN HISTORY: THE DISPOSSESSION OF NATIVE HAWAIIANS’ IDENTITY, AND THEIR STRUGGLE FOR SOVEREIGNTY ______________________ A Thesis Presented to the Faculty of California State University, San Bernardino _______________________ In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Master of Arts in Social Sciences and Globalization ______________________ by Megan Theresa Ualaniha’aha’a Medeiros June 2017 HAWAIIAN HISTORY: THE DISPOSSESSION OF NATIVE HAWAIIANS’ IDENTITY, AND THEIR STRUGGLE FOR SOVEREIGNTY ______________________
    [Show full text]
  • HAUMEA: Transforming the Health of Native Hawaiian Women and Empowering Wāhine Well-Being
    HAUMEA Transforming the Health of Native Hawaiian Women and Empowering Wāhine Well-Being Haumea —Transforming the Health of Native Hawaiian Women and Empowering Wāhine Well-Being. Copyright © 2018. Office of Hawaiian Affairs. All Rights Reserved. No part of the this report may be reproduced or transmitted in whole or in part in any form without the express written permission of the Office of Hawaiian Affairs. Suggested Citation: Office of Hawaiian Affairs (2018). Haumea—Transforming the Health of Native Hawaiian Women and Empowering Wāhine Well-Being. Honolulu, HI: Office of Hawaiian Affairs. For the electronic book and additional resources please visit: www.oha.org/wahinehealth Office of Hawaiian Affairs 560 North Nimitz Highway, Suite 200 Honolulu, HI 96817 Design by Stacey Leong Design Printed in the United States HAUMEA: Transforming the Health of Native Hawaiian Women and Empowering Wāhine Well-Being Table of Contents PART 1 List of Figures. 1 Introduction and Methodology . 4 Chapter 1: Mental and Emotional Wellness. .11 Chapter 2: Physical Health . 28 Chapter 3: Motherhood. 47 PART 2 Chapter 4: Incarceration and Intimate Partner Violence . 68 Chapter 5: Economic Well-Being . 87 Chapter 6: Leadership and Civic Engagement . .108 Summary . 118 References. .120 Acknowledgments. .128 LIST OF FIGURES Introduction and Methodology i.1 ‘Ōlelo Hawai‘i (Hawaiian Language) Terms related to Wāhine . 6 i.2 Native Hawaiian Population Totals . 8 Chapter 1: Mental and Emotional Wellness 1.1 Phases and Risk Behaviors in ‘Ōpio. 16 1.2 Middle School Eating Disorder Behavior (30 Days) By Gender (2003, 2005) . .17 1.3 High School Eating Disorder Behavior (30 Days) By Gender (2009–2013) .
    [Show full text]
  • Naval Documents of the American Revolution, Volume 3, Page 6
    Naval Documents of The American Revolution Volume 3 AMERICAN THEATRE: Dec. 8, 1775–Dec. 31, 1775 EUROPEAN THEATRE: Nov. 1, 1775–Jan. 31, 1776 AMERICAN THEATRE: Jan. 1, 1776–Feb. 18, 1776 Part 6 of 8 United States Government Printing Office Washington, 1968 Electronically published by American Naval Records Society Bolton Landing, New York 2012 AS A WORK OF THE UNITED STATES FEDERAL GOVERNMENT THIS PUBLICATION IS IN THE PUBLIC DOMAIN. JANUARY 1776 1023 The Seaford of 20 Guns having left the Station a long time since, and no other Ship sent out in her room. Some of our Merchant Ships will be ready to sail from Jamaica by the latter end of March, and it will be very unsafe for them to sail without Convoy, which the present Squadron can by no means afford them, consistent with the safety of the Island; which looks up to your Lordship for its protection, and for such a reinforcement of the Squadron, as will enable it to give convoys thro' the Gulph & the Windward passage into latitudes of security from the American Privateers. Totaly relying upon your Lordship's effectual atten- tion to this important object, I have the honour to be [&c.] Stephen Fuller [Jamaica] 27th Jany 1776 - 1. PRO, Colonial Office, 137/71, Part I. 28 Jan. (Sunday) "AN ACCOUNTOF THE PEOPLESNAMES THAT HAVE STOODCENTERY AND LABOURED ON BOARDTHE SLOOP[Betsey] TAKEN BY CAPTMANLY" John Poter [Porter] for 8 days & 8 Nights Jonathan Larkcum [Larkum] 5y2 days - 5 Nights John Potter [Porter] 2 days & 2 Nights Hennery Larkcum [Larkum] 1 day & 1 Night The Above was before I Came on Board - Sence is as follows - Sam1 Stone [Storie] 4 days & 4 Nights John Potter [Porter] 4 days & 4 Nights Joseph Ober 4 days & 4 Nights Jonathn Larkcum [Larkum] 4 days & 4 Nights Richd James Beverly Jany 28th - 1776 1.
    [Show full text]