MAY 2009

Border Standards Targeting and collaboration

A fresh approach to biosecurity monitoring

FAK and air container surveys

Compartmentalisation: stability of trade versus relentless requirements

International forest health scientists focus on biosecurity 91 Biosecurity magazine

Biosecurity is published six-weekly by MAF Biosecurity New Zealand. It is of special interest to all those with a stake in the protection of New Zealand’s economic, 11 1818 2121 environmental and social assets from the dangers posed by pests and diseases. Animal welfare issues are also covered. The articles in this magazine do not CONTENTS necessarily reflect government policy.

For enquiries about specific Editorial 3 articles, refer to the contact listed at the end of each article. A fresh approach to biosecurity monitoring 4

General enquiries (e.g. circulation requests Review time for live animal and germplasm donor export testing lab standards 6 or information about Border agencies working together 7 MAF Biosecurity New Zealand): Have your say about Biosecurity magazine 7 Biosecurity Magazine MAF Biosecurity New Zealand High compliance level for Freight of All Kinds containers 8 PO Box 2526 Air container survey shows improvements 10 Pastoral House, 25 The Terrace, Wellington, New Zealand Training developed for pest identification 11 Phone: 04 894 0100 Pests popular at field days 11 Fax: 04 894 0300 Compartmentalisation: stability of trade versus relentless requirements 12 Email: [email protected] Update – Import Health Standard Amendment 13 Internet: www.biosecurity.govt.nz Draft Import Health Standards open for consultation 14 Editorial enquiries: Pacific pathway to New Zealand market 14 Phone 04 894 0774

ISSN 1174 – 4618 New Zealand biosecurity leaders 16

Production and printing management Biosecurity border inspection history project 17 by City Print Communications in Conference invitation leads to benefits for New Zealand seed exporters 18 association with Context Public Policy Communications. Biosecurity fundamental to wine industry 19 International forest health scientists focus on biosecurity 20 How far can a caterpillar crawl? 21 Wood wasp risks to New Zealand’s forests 22 Developing phytosanitary treatments for international trade 24 STIMBR getting runs on the board 25 Updates 26

Environmental Paper Profile Directory 26

Biosecurity Magazine is printed on Sumo Gloss. Sumo is an environmentally responsible paper manufactured under the environmental management system ISO 14001 using Elemental Chlorine Free (ECF) pulp sourced from sustainable, well managed forests. Cover photo by Kim Neville 91 Carolyn Whyte EDITORIAL

Targeting collaboration

After Biosecurity New Zealand and MAF Quarantine National Targeting Centre (see page 7) are an example Service integrated to form MAF Biosecurity of the way we are heading with border operations as we seek to work more closely with partner agencies. New Zealand (MAFBNZ) in July 2007, MAFBNZ The team is currently developing profiles that will embarked on a programme of systematic change identify both high- and low-risk passengers, and benefits designed to meet its strategic goals for improved from the co-location with our Customs counterparts by the sharing of information, participating in joint biosecurity measures at the border. operations planning, using Customs’ systems to target passengers for biosecurity risk management and wo of those strategic goals – more effective border learning from Customs’ experience in profiling. interventions and improved collaboration across Improved targeting requires information about how Tagencies – are the focus of initiatives taking place at effectively our pre-border and border systems are managing the border. biosecurity risks. This issue of Biosecurity features an article As part of the move towards improved collaboration and on pages 4 and 5 describing a multi-pronged approach better use of resources, the chief executives of agencies for monitoring the biosecurity system’s performance at involved at the border (Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry the border, as well as articles about how well the system (MAF), New Zealand Customs Service, Department of manages risks associated with sea and air containers. Labour, Ministry of Transport, Department of Internal A joint business case will be presented to cabinet Affairs and the New Zealand Food Safety Authority) have for consideration in the later part of 2009. formed the Border Sector Governance Group (BSGG), MAFBNZ and Customs are also collaborating on the which is responsible for overseeing work covering design of a joint border management system to replace operations, information systems and strategic alignment. the existing separate legacy information systems of each This co-operation of effort will ensure biosecurity agency. The proposed system will support the targeting measures include a more targeted approach at the border. and risk-management information needs of both A tighter focusing of our biosecurity resources in the areas agencies and enable cross-agency information sharing. of highest risk will enable MAFBNZ to reduce resource As MAFBNZ develops expectations for how profiling investment in low-risk areas, resulting in benefits such supports the biosecurity system in the future, our as expediency for travellers and importers who already collaboration with Customs is creating opportunities for actively comply with biosecurity requirements. MAFBNZ staff to learn and apply new targeting skills now. The MAFBNZ passenger profiling and intelligence Our challenge is to ensure that the profiling work delivers staff now based at the New Zealand Customs Service benefits for inspectors, advisers and stakeholders alike.

■ Carolyn Whyte, Analysis and Profiling Group Manager, Border Standards Directorate, MAFBNZ

MAF BIOSECURITY NEW ZEALAND 3 91 BORDER STANDARDS A fresh approach to biosecurity monitoring

MAF Biosecurity New Zealand (MAFBNZ) has developed a new and integrated approach to monitoring risk at our borders.

ince 2005, the MAFBNZ Data approach taken also allows monitoring Analysis and Survey teams have resources to be applied to a wider Sundertaken 23 in-depth studies to range of border activity than has measure the effectiveness of the been possible in the past. In addition, biosecurity system at the border. These focus has shifted from concentrating have ranged over the cargo and strictly on the effectiveness of the passenger arenas, involving tens of biosecurity system and MAFBNZ’s thousands of inspections and direct interventions, to also researching contact with members of the public, the nature of hazards associated stakeholders, industry, other with goods entering New Zealand. government agencies and internal The six approaches are: colleagues. The studies have involved Nursery stock being screened. • high-intensity border monitoring; re-inspecting cleared consignments to quantify the efficacy of interventions, • low-intensity border monitoring; and to give accurate measures on the • ongoing monitoring; quantity and types of biosecurity risk at • organism identification studies; the border. Risk goods are seized in • post-border commodity-based accordance with the relevant import monitoring; and health standards, and all organisms • analysis projects. found (insects, plant material) are sent for identification. High-intensity monitoring is similar to the surveys MAFBNZ During 2008, a second programme has conducted since 2005. Pathways of work began, with the objective suitable for high-intensity monitoring Screening scrap metal. of measuring the effectiveness of are characterised by high volumes MAFBNZ operational interventions at and frequent arrival of goods. The consignments over a three-month various entry points. This work started work lasts for a defined period of period. For nursery stock, a single at all the international airports, and time (usually one-to-two months), surveyor re-examined consignments was subsequently rolled out to include and inspections are conducted by of nursery stock arriving through express freight and international mail. members of the survey team. The Auckland during a four-month period. The time had come to re-assess these entire survey team may participate Ongoing monitoring is incorporated initiatives to ensure that all data in a high-intensity project. Examples into business as usual. This approach requirements were being met and of these projects completed in earlier is appropriate where goods arrive in resources used effectively. Over the years are arriving international large volumes and at high frequency. past few months, the team has been passengers and used vehicles. It has the dual advantage of covering evaluating the various approaches to seasonality and providing long-term, Low-intensity monitoring is suitable for monitoring, and has now developed continuous data. This work is co- commodities that arrive infrequently a multi-pronged system that will lead ordinated by survey team members, or in small numbers. Because of lower to a broad coverage of pathways and with inspections and data collection volumes, these projects will require the generation of more information conducted by quarantine inspectors only one or two dedicated inspectors. to guide decision makers. as part of their daily work. Data is However, to obtain appropriate fed back to site managers on a weekly The result is a model with six types sample sizes the projects will be of basis, providing continuous and of monitoring activity. The approach longer duration. Two examples of up-to-date information about the applied to each project is determined these commodities are scrap metal effectiveness of MAFBNZ processes. by the nature of the pathway or and nursery stock. For scrap metal, commodity, and designed to collect one inspector worked in co-operation Organism identification studies the appropriate information to inform with importers, and conducted provide information about the decision making. The more flexible inspections on 86 percent of arriving organisms associated with arriving

4 MAF BIOSECURITY NEW ZEALAND BORDER STANDARDS 91

“The more fl exible approach taken also allows monitoring resources to be applied to a wider range of border activity than has been possible in the past.”

commodities or conveyances. They are are sent to an appropriate laboratory This type of project might involve not designed to measure effectiveness for identification. A project is additional analysis of data collected of interventions, but to gather currently underway to determine in previous monitoring work, or information on hazards reaching our the types of organisms arriving on combine information from MAFBNZ borders. Organisms are collected cargo vessels at Auckland wharves. and other government departments either by survey team members, as The effectiveness of border systems and organisations to answer a part of a focused short-term exercise, can also be examined by looking at particular question about a pathway or or by quarantine inspectors as part goods that have recently received commodity. If the information exists, of routine clearance inspections, and biosecurity clearance – an area of an analyst will pull it together, conduct work referred to as post-border an analysis and present it in a usable commodity-based projects. This and appropriate form. This approach is monitoring approach is appropriate to relatively inexpensive and makes good detect risks that are slipping through use of resources and existing data. the system because of inadequate With so many goods arriving and manifesting. Manifesting errors are potential entry points how do commonly due to importer oversight we decide what to do next? (e.g., goods manifested as “dolls”, but This year we are running a no indication given that the dolls are comprehensive prioritisation process stuffed with seeds) or, in rare instances, involving consultative meetings deliberate efforts to circumvent the with internal business groups, an A project is currently underway to determine the types of biosecurity system. In both cases, these examination of existing datasets, an organisms arriving on cargo vessels at Auckland wharf. issues can be detected by monitoring assessment of cost, and liaison with specific goods available for retail sale. associated government departments. This monitoring approach is also Each MAFBNZ business group put appropriate for goods where a complete forward a list of projects it believed inspection requires destruction of required additional monitoring the goods. For example, in a 2006 work. These projects, together with project, inspection at the border supporting data on arrival volumes could not determine the condition of and available information, will be wooden frames used in upholstered assessed by a group with representatives furniture. After clearance, a number from throughout the Ministry of of imported couches were purchased Agriculture and Forestry (MAF). at retail outlets and then dismantled to examine the condition of the frames. At the conclusion of this process, a monitoring work plan will be Projects of this nature will involve the developed for the next one-to- survey team as MAFBNZ’s presence two years. By identifying the most at the point of sale or subsequent to appropriate approach to projects, sale of the goods. Visits to outlets will MAFBNZ will ensure that projects are provide a further opportunity for conducted efficiently, with multiple stakeholders and members of the public projects co-occurring, make the best to talk directly with MAFBNZ officers use of data collected, and generate who can answer questions about entry a broad picture of the risks arriving requirements and the clearance process. at our borders and the effectiveness The last approach, data analysis of the interventions in place. Inspection at the border cannot determine the condition projects, differs from the other ■ of wooden frames used in upholstered furniture. Victoria Allison, Data Analysis Team Manager, Instead, imported couches were purchased after projects described in that it does not MAFBNZ, [email protected]; clearance and dismantled to examine the condition of require additional inspection work. Sharon Tohovaka, Survey Team Manager, MAFBNZ, the frames. [email protected]

MAF BIOSECURITY NEW ZEALAND 5 91 BORDER STANDARDS Review time for live animal and germplasm donor export testing lab standards

MAF Biosecurity New Zealand (MAFBNZ) Animal Exports Group has recently taken over responsibility for laboratories conducting export testing, and is reviewing standards for testing exported live animals and germplasm. Draft guidance material is now on the MAFBNZ website and open for public consultation. Immunology laboratory staff discussing export testing. Photos by Deirdre Haines.

xports of live animals from New Zealand (excluding current review is therefore to design a framework of those that are intended for food) are worth upwards legislative instruments and guidance material whereby Eof $180 million a year, not including exported export testing laboratories are “approved” (or, as it germplasm (semen, ova and embryos). Much of the trade in will be called, “recognised”) under the APA. live animals and germplasm relies on government-to- Draft guidance material, “Export Laboratory Programme: government official assurances, usually in the form of export requirements for export of live animals and germplasm”, certificates. Often export certificates require animals or has just been published on the MAFBNZ website for germplasm donors to be tested and found negative for a external consultation. The aim is to achieve a clear and range of specific diseases. The laboratories conducting this concise document describing how a laboratory becomes testing support export certificates, and are integral to the “recognised” and what standards it needs to meet. The export certification process. scope of the programme covers any laboratory conducting Access for animal products into other countries relies heavily export testing for certification purposes. That could be on the integrity of New Zealand’s export certification systems testing of live queen bees, bovine semen, a pet dog, eggs (which include export testing laboratories that support for hatching, a sport horse attending an overseas event, or certification). Any lapse in integrity risks losing access to a herd of cattle destined for life in a foreign country. The markets. Economic losses would result for exporters, but Export Laboratory Programme also aims to be future- it would also be an emotional loss for pet owners wanting proofed, providing for any new test that may need to to move their animals to a new country of residence. be conducted on live animals or germplasm donors. Both the MAFBNZ Official Assurances Programme The draft Export Laboratory Programme is for Export of Live Animals and Germplasm and the available at: www.biosecurity.govt.nz/biosec/ World Animal Health Organisation (OIE) require export consult. Legislative instruments will be drafted later testing laboratories to be “government approved” to this year and will be consulted on separately. ensure the integrity of export certification is upheld. For further information email Michelle The Animal Exports Group has determined that export Boston: [email protected] testing laboratories should be “approved” under the same legislation that export certificates are issued, the ■ Janine Collier, Animal Exports Group, Border Standards, MAFBNZ, [email protected] Animal Products Act 1999 (APA). The purpose of the

6 MAF BIOSECURITY NEW ZEALAND BORDER STANDARDS 91

Border agency profi ling staff are now based together at the New Zealand Customs Service National Targeting Centre (NTC) in Auckland. plan and run joint operations from the centre, with representatives from the appropriate agency taking the lead. The National Targeting Centre, modelled on the United States NTC, was established in June 2006 to: • accurately identify areas of risk; • develop more effective profiles to efficiently target risk; • respond to advance and tactical information, allowing staff to be deployed to manage risk in the most efficient manner; and • act as a “fusion centre” for border he MAF Biosecurity New is the ability to share information agencies. Zealand (MAFBNZ) Passenger and intelligence in a more efficient The centre operates 24 hours a day, TProfiling and Intelligence Team manner, including information held seven days a week, housing relocated in February from the in each agency’s own separate systems. 53 Customs staff across the passenger, Auckland Biosecurity Centre to join For example, MAFBNZ profiling trade and marine business units. Customs at the NTC. Maritime New teams have the opportunity to work MAFBNZ was the first agency to join Zealand and Immigration New side-by-side with Customs staff in Customs, and now has seven staff Zealand are also represented at the similar roles and to use Customs based permanently at the NTC. A centre. systems to target passengers, baggage member of the MAFBNZ Cargo Risk The move is a major step forward and cargo of interest at the border. Profiling Team also spends part of her for MAFBNZ as it endeavours to Being based in the same office as working week based at the centre. introduce a more targeted approach Customs and other border agency staff ■ Mitchell Horton, Profiling and Intelligence Officer, to biosecurity risk management. It is will also help MAFBNZ foster closer MAFBNZ, [email protected] also a major step towards achieving the relationships in both the passenger ■ Stuart Airs, Passenger Profiling and Intelligence Border Sector Governance Group’s aim and trade/cargo environments, and Team Manager, MAFBNZ, [email protected] of a whole-of-government approach to targeting risk at New Zealand’s borders. The Passenger Profiles and Intelligence Have your say about Biosecurity magazine Team is part of the Border Standards MAF Biosecurity New Zealand is surveying Biosecurity magazine readers to find out if the Directorate Analysis and Profiling publication is continuing to meet readers’ needs and what improvements could be made. To Group. Its work includes developing achieve this, we’d like to hear how you use the magazine, how satisfied you are with the current both high-and low-risk profiles for format and suggestions for improvements. passengers to ensure that resources can be targeted most efficiently; identifying We invite readers who are currently receiving their own copy of Biosecurity magazine to take part high-risk flights; identifying people in an online survey at: http://www.maf.govt.nz/biosecurity-survey considered likely to be carrying The survey will close on 25 May 2009, so please be sure to give us your feedback before this date. biosecurity risk goods; and compiling Whether you have a little or a lot to say, your opinion is important to us and will contribute to the briefings for front line staff. future of the magazine. The main advantage of MAFBNZ staff We would like to thank everyone in advance for their time and look forward to hearing being co-located with other agencies your views.

MAF BIOSECURITY NEW ZEALAND 7 91 BORDER STANDARDS High compliance level for Freight of All Kinds containers

A recent monitoring survey full containers (FCLs) on a per the New Zealand Customs Service container basis. This is because FAK system, which enables the Ministry of Freight of All Kinds (FAK) container goods are often the property of Agriculture and Forestry (MAF) sea containers found little of private individuals or small to electronically profile high-risk containers and consignments for contamination, either inside or out. businesses, which may not be fully aware of New Zealand’s biosecurity inspection by MAFBNZ quarantine The container manifests accurately regulations. Because of the inspectors. In contrast, FAK containers described the goods present, consolidated nature of these are screened manually by MAFBNZ consignments, the freight and its Cargo Risk Profiling team staff. After enabling MAF Biosecurity New packaging may have been transported screening, MAF holds are placed Zealand (MAFBNZ) to effectively through many different ports to get to on selected consignments to ensure the port of final loading, and may have delivery does not take place prior to screen for risk goods. been sitting in those ports for some a full biosecurity risk assessment. time. FAK containers were surveyed in Auckland between 25 February and n FAK container is a shipping In the 2006–07 year, FAK containers arrived from 63 different countries. 20 June last year. A sample – 366 of container carrying the 4,850 FAK containers unpacked The largest proportion was from consignments belonging to in Auckland during that time – was A Australia, with large numbers two or more importers. Although examined to assess contamination from Asia and the Middle East. relatively few in number (about 19,000 levels, along with manifest accuracy. containers a year, or 3 percent of FAK container screening differs from The containers were inspected both loaded container imports), FAK the process used to screen goods inside and out, and the number containers had been thought to be a in FCL containers. Arriving FCL of packages present compared potentially higher biosecurity risk than containers are screened through with the number manifested.

Japan 3% Asia & Middle East 32% N. America 9% Pacifi c SE Asia 14% 1%

Europe & Australia 27% Scandinavia S. America 0.1% 13%

Africa 0.4%

Australia is New Zealand’s biggest source of Freight of All Kinds (FAK) container imports.

8 MAF BIOSECURITY NEW ZEALAND BORDER STANDARDS 91

Surveyors inspected as many of the each container with the turn-out To assess the effectiveness of manifest external sides as possible. In most record produced by the transitional screening, surveyors reassessed each cases, this was five sides because it facility (TF) during unpacking. manifest and identified any additional items that should have been held. was usually too dangerous to examine A total of 71,493 items were The number of items held by risk the underside of the containers. None manifested, and 71,497 present – a profiling was compared with the of the containers had any external difference of only four items over all number that should have been held. contamination, and only FAK containers surveyed. Although 16 had any internal contamination. the number of items manifested and This analysis demonstrated that These low levels of contamination present were very similar, there were cargo risk profiling correctly relative to previous container surveys 70 consignments where the manifest identified and held 96 percent may indicate a general improvement did not correspond with the number of of the manifested risk goods. in container cleanliness under items enclosed in the container. These The combination of accurate the current MAFBNZ container ranged from containers that had manifesting and risk screening standard. Other explanations might 40 to 60 items missing, to one meant few goods of biosecurity be differences in the types of facilities container that had 186 extra items. interest slipped through the system. that handle FAK compared with This situation can arise because Those that did were debarked logs those that deal with FCL containers, goods in a single consignment may be of wood manifested as “drumming or differences in the country of manifested in one container, but placed material”, buffalo horn and wooden origin of FAK and FCL containers. in a second container at the same statues in a personal effects Inside the containers, 36 organisms facility when the first container has consignment, and one wooden statue were identified, of which three were been filled (referred to as “over-aging”). in a commercial consignment. regulated (exotic to New Zealand). FAK containers can have either too many or too few items present There were two brown widow spiders found on a single consignment from 40–60 20–40 1–20 All items as 1–20 20–40 40–60 60–200 items items items manifested items too items too items too items too Malaysia, and one regulated ghost ant missing missing missing many many many many found on a container from Australia. That container was fumigated after 3 3 35 3,389 25 2 1 1 the ant was found to ensure any additional ants were controlled. In ■ Victoria Allison, Data Analysis Team Manager, MAFBNZ, [email protected]; addition to the regulated species, Lisa Rowsell, Survey Team, MAFBNZ, [email protected]; Anthea Craighead, Data Analysis Team, MAFBNZ, [email protected] there were seven spiders from the family Pholcidae (daddy long legs) and six spiders from the family Theridiidae (cobweb spiders). As mentioned, a component of the survey was to assess the accuracy of manifests provided by the importers. Accurate manifests are vital to ensure the screening for potential biosecurity risk goods is effective. To determine whether items were present or absent, and, if so, whether or not they had the correct number of items, the survey team compared the number of items manifested for

MAF BIOSECURITY NEW ZEALAND 9 91 BORDER STANDARDS AIR CONTAINER SURVEY SHOWS IMPROVEMENTS

An air container survey has found greatly improved cleanliness, with 95 percent of containers arriving in New Zealand being free of biosecurity contamination.

ir containers are commonly used to transport cargo, mail and baggage in the holds of wide- and some Anarrow-bodied aircraft. They are generally regarded as being lower risk than sea containers. They are handled almost exclusively by airlines and large freight companies, which turn them around quickly in a relatively clean environment, and their flat sides and bases provide few areas to harbour pests. In spite of this, air containers are still regarded as a potential conduit for pests and diseases because they: • are imported in high volumes – it has been estimated that at least 220,000 air containers were imported into Auckland in 2008; • are imported from a variety of regions throughout the world; • can contain biosecurity risk cargo; • provide a rapid means by which invasive and/or This involved inspecting air containers at Auckland hitchhiker pests can enter New Zealand. International Airport once they had been unloaded of passenger baggage, and cargo containers at air cargo Biosecurity contamination facilities. Two types of air containers, standard air To gain a better understanding of biosecurity risks on this containers and air pallets (pigs), were inspected. pathway, a survey was undertaken between 14 July and Some form of biosecurity contamination was found in 15 August last year. MAF Biosecurity New Zealand 230 (5 percent) of the containers inspected. This was (MAFBNZ) surveyors visually inspected 4,796 air considerably lower than a 1999 survey, when 13 percent containers for signs of biosecurity contamination. were found to be contaminated. Contamination rates for those filled with passenger baggage were not significantly different to those filled with cargo. This was also the case when comparing standard air containers and pallets.

Biosecurity contaminants found in air containers The most common types of contaminants found in air containers were foliage and leaves (59 percent of contaminants). Fresh produce (24 percent) was the next most common type of contaminant found. It occurs mainly because of spillage from cargo, or as a result of leftover food thrown into air containers by airport and loading facility staff. Other types of contaminants were found infrequently, for example, live spiders and insects (7 percent), seeds (5 percent) and soil (1 percent). These results demonstrate that the air container pathway has greatly improved in cleanliness in the 10 years since the last survey was undertaken. Most notably, the decline in soil contamination indicates that the facilities handling air containers are now clean and well managed.

Air container. ■ Christopher Waite, Data Analysis Team, MAFBNZ, [email protected]; Sharon Tohovaka, Survey Team Manager, MAFBNZ, [email protected]

10 MAF BIOSECURITY NEW ZEALAND BORDER STANDARDS 91

TRAINING DEVELOPED Pests popular FOR PEST IDENTIFICATION at field days The South Island Agricultural Field Days at Lincoln University in March proved a good opportunity for promoting the importance of declaring biosecurity risk items at the border and the potential consequences of pest incursions into New Zealand.

MAF Biosecurity New Zealand (MAFBNZ) Christchurch, in partnership with the Investigation and Diagnostic Centre Plant Health and Environment Laboratory (IDCPHEL Christchurch), joined the many Field Days exhibitors who were displaying their wares, inventions and innovations to the public. Team Leader Cargo, Christchurch, Craig Jorgensen says the MAFBNZ–IDCPHEL exhibit focused particularly on insect incursions. Many interesting examples of risk items identified MAFBNZ Trainer Bevan Ceran working with Quarantine Inspector Marion Panther. Both are based in Auckland. Photo by Jayne Parkin. at the border were displayed, including (dead) Asian gypsy moths, black widow spiders, mites and other insects, a stuffed turtle, skin drums, A new training package has been Border Training Team, in conjunction buffalo horn, bottled snake, mounted tarantula, with the Tamaki Investigation and developed to help MAF Biosecurity Diagnostic Centre (IDC). The ostrich and emu eggs, and crocodile and other New Zealand (MAFBNZ) package is in addition to the training reptile feet. quarantine inspectors identify inspectors already receive, and is Mr Jorgensen says the MAFBNZ exhibit was for both new and existing staff. pests and diseases. well received, and was especially popular with The extra training will enable inspectors school children, who were interested in the to recognise insects, mites and plant insects and seized items on display. n incursion of certain pests disease signs and symptoms that have and diseases into New been classified as “high impact exotic IDCPHEL’s Dave Voice set up two microscopes so Zealand, particularly those pests”. It also covers the procedures people could get a close-up view of specimens, A to follow if other organisms, such as associated with fresh produce imports, and this also proved popular. would have a huge economic, snakes and spiders, are intercepted. “MAFBNZ staff on duty at the exhibit were environmental and social impact. To “We think it is important that our kept on their toes throughout the three days manage this risk, the list of pests and inspectors can explain to importers diseases that require mandatory and the public why we have to with some pretty curly questions from visitors, identification has increased make certain biosecurity decisions,” many of whom were obviously experts in their significantly. says Josh Wainiqolo, Border particular field of interest,” Mr Jorgensen says. Training Team Acting Manager. To provide quarantine inspectors “All in all a great time was had by everyone with further background knowledge Being able to learn the reasons why we involved, with people leaving the MAFBNZ on plant pests, pathogens and other make the decisions we do is appreciated exhibit knowing a little bit more about “nasties” that pose a biosecurity risk by the quarantine inspectors, he says. biosecurity and entomology than when they to New Zealand, a comprehensive arrived. Thank you to all those involved.” three-part training package has ■ Josh Wainiqolo, Border Training Team Acting been developed by the MAFBNZ Manager, MAFBNZ, [email protected]

MAF BIOSECURITY NEW ZEALAND 11 91 BORDER STANDARDS Compartmentalisation: stability of trade versus relentless requirements

“Compartmentalisation” – animal biosecurity management system, with zone-freedom could be achieved a distinct health status with respect to for one or more specific diseases. health status based on functional a specific disease or specific diseases for Given the extensive requirements, rather than geographical criteria which required surveillance, control and compartmentalisation should, and is – offers benefi ts for international biosecurity measures have been applied likely to, remain limited to valuable for the purpose of international trade”. commodities of elite industry sectors. trade, but should be a last resort To set up a compartment, industry Currently, the main focus of because of the need for extensive must first come forward and address compartmentalisation is on poultry control requirements, writes its intention to the veterinary authority breeders and freedom from avian of the exporting country by submitting influenza, but other sectors, such as MAF Biosecurity New Zealand a biosecurity plan describing the the pig industry, could be interested. (MAFBNZ) Senior Adviser compartment. This official and Exporting countries that have already comprehensive document must clearly Dr Aurélie Castinel. implemented, or are prepared to describe the characteristics of the implement, compartmentalisation compartment, including the critical include Canada, France, Thailand, points for each production pathway, n principle, compartmentalisation Vietnam and Brazil. the surveillance programme in place, is not a new concept. It has been respective responsibilities of the Australia has applied to export cooked known as “flock or herd freedom”, I parties involved, auditing scheme and duck meat products to New Zealand and used as an effective risk contingency plans if the compartment’s from compartments free of infectious management tool to certify that health status was breached. bursal disease (IBD), which is endemic animals or their derived products for in Australia but has been eradicated export are free from one or more The exporting country’s veterinary from New Zealand poultry. The specific diseases. authority assesses the biosecurity application is currently being assessed plan based on features intrinsic to The principle has been advocated by by MAFBNZ Animal Imports. An the compartment but also taking some sectors of the poultry industry import health standard for specified into consideration the epidemiology in Europe, for example in Germany poultry meat products from Australia of the disease(s) concerned. Once and France, to avoid commercial bans was issued in January 2009 but can officially endorsed by the exporting being applied nationwide despite the only be used if a compartment has country, the biosecurity plan is confined occurrence of avian influenza been jointly approved by the Australian assessed by the importing country’s and Newcastle disease outbreaks. Veterinary Authority and MAFBNZ. veterinary authority. The plan then Compartmentalisation, as defined by has to be validated by a bilateral In the context of animal health and the World Animal Health Organisation agreement before trade can occur. international trade, the important (OIE), implies much more thorough factors are mutual trust, confidence Preliminary data from pilot projects biosecurity management than and transparency of production and multilateral discussions have usual, and for which the veterinary systems and procedures. With shown that practical implementation authority of the exporting country compartmentalisation, these of compartmentalisation is a very is directly accountable. principles – supported by an adequate complex process. However, it is auditing scheme and surveillance In the OIE Terrestrial Animal unanimously accepted that emphasis programme under official control – Health Code, disease freedom can must be put on control procedures become critical to establish a solid be claimed either on geographical to ensure that compartments bond between trading countries. criteria (regionalisation) or on meet the highest biosecurity functional criteria (compartment). guarantees possible within As suggested by the OIE during an EU-EC-QUADS discussion1, public A compartment is presented as an international trade parameters. veterinary services are likely to have “animal subpopulation contained in one Compartments should be the last to modify their role to police and or more establishments under a common resort, after neither country- nor

12 MAF BIOSECURITY NEW ZEALAND BORDER STANDARDS 91

“It is unanimously accepted that emphasis must be put on control procedures to ensure that compartments meet the highest biosecurity guarantees possible within international trade parameters.”

audit compartments in order to disease outbreaks occurring in the of trade despite the occurrence of verify and maintain their integrity. vicinity of a compartment (would disease, such as avian influenza, can A number of issues on the a compartment be prioritised lead to misperceptions about what practical implementation of over other establishments in the compartmentalisation requires. compartmentalisation remain unsolved epidemiological investigation?). It is a long road of thorough and could be of concern for importing Given the vigilant progress made by control procedures and relentless countries such as New Zealand. the international trade community requirements to achieve and maintain a compartment for trade. For example, developing compartment with respect to compartmentalisation, it is essential to adopt a methodical ■ Dr Aurélie Castinel, Senior Adviser, Animal areas where a disease is endemic Imports and Exports Group, MAFBNZ, (such as IBD in Australia) does approach to remain consistent in [email protected] assessing future compartments from not seem to have been considered 1 different trading partners, and to EU-EC-QUADS workshop, France, 2008 by international discussion panels. (EU: European Union; EC: European Commission; Responsibility for internal and inspire confidence, transparency and QUADS: Quadrilateral Agreement countries, mutual trust with other countries including Australia, Canada, the United States external audit costs is another issue. of America and New Zealand). that New Zealand could be trading Further concerns include: staff with using compartments. ■ World Animal Health Organisation (OIE): training and awareness (especially www.oie.int/eng/en_index.htm It is also important to comply veterinary services), management ■ Chapters of the OIE Terrestrial Animal Health Code of compartments that could be with the OIE guidelines and to on compartmentalisation: www.oie.int/eng/normes/ attend international discussions on mcode/en_chapitre_1.4.3.htm and www.oie.int/eng/ set up across the European Union normes/mcode/en_chapitre_1.4.4.htm or have epidemiological links compartmentalisation to prevent any drift away from the international trend. ■ New Zealand Import Health Standard between several countries; and www.biosecurity.govt.nz/imports/animals/ procedures to follow in the event of The ultimate benefits for stability standards/meapouic.aus.htm

UPDATE IMPORT HEALTH STANDARD AMENDMENT

MAF Biosecurity New Zealand (MAFBNZ) has issued a minor amendment to the import health standard: 152.02 Importation and Clearance of Fresh Fruit and Vegetables into New Zealand. This import health standard is dated 23 April 2009, and can be viewed at: www.biosecurity.govt.nz/files/ ihs/152-02.pdf

This standard replaces the version dated 13 November 2008, and includes a number of minor editorial and grammatical changes to the standard. The following sections have also been amended:

• Updated section 2.1 (General) – clarification of requirements for hybrised species. • Updated section 7.4 (Soil and Foliage Contamination) – clarification of tolerances to be applied for contamination. • Updated section 8.7 (Processed Commodities) – clarification of certification and inspection requirements for approved processed commodities. • Updated section 6.7 (Biosecurity Clearance) and Appendix 1 on imported papaya (Carica papaya) and mango (Mangifera indica) from Australia – clarification of actions required for the interception of pests on irradiated produce. Please also remember to refresh the browser when you open the IHS PDF page. Any questions relating to this amendment of the import health standard can be directed to: Plant Imports, email: [email protected]

MAF BIOSECURITY NEW ZEALAND 13 91 BORDER STANDARDS

Draft Import Health Standards open for consultation PACIFIC PAT

Export workshops held in Samoa and Ton people interested in New Zealand market ■ SEA CONTAINERS FROM ALL COUNTRIES

■ IMPORTED VEHICLES AND MACHINERY he Pacific Agricultural Traders Handbook (PATH) – www. Tpath2nz.com – is an online Draft Import Health Standards for • MAF Biosecurity Standard BMG- resource providing up-to-date information to Pacific Island exporters about Sea Containers from All Countries STD-TYRES: Import Health Standard for Used Tyres from Any biosecurity, packaging, transport and and for Imported Vehicles and Country (April 2002). labelling requirements, with a special focus Machinery were made available • MAF Biosecurity Authority on the New Zealand market. for public consultation in early Standard BMG-STD-HTVEH: MAF Biosecurity New Zealand (MAFBNZ) Import Health Standard for Senior Adviser Dr Viliami Fakavā spoke May. To set the scene and Treated Used Vehicles Imported about market access initiatives and issues provide context for these draft into New Zealand (September for imports of fresh produce to New standards, draft MAF Biosecurity 2003). Zealand at PATH2NZ export workshops New Zealand (MAFBNZ) segment Segment strategies held in Samoa and Tonga in December. strategies were also sent out. Segmentation is an appraoch The two-day workshops, organised by used to reduce complexity at the the Pacific Island Trade and Investment border to a manageable level by Commission (PITIC) New Zealand and Import Health Standards identifying and grouping pathways the Pacific Cooperation Foundation (PCF) MAFBNZ will be requesting with similar characteristics. with the support of MAFBNZ, were held to: feedback on the revised standards Segment strategies outline the • increase awareness of the PATH2NZ. in accordance with section 22 of characteristics of the pathway com website; the Biosecurity Act 1993. Contact concerned (for example, sea • gain a better understanding of the details for relevant people, along containers) and state the specific needs of stakeholders in order to better with copies of the standards, are priorities, objectives, key biosecurity align the PATH website content; available at: www.biosecurity. and environmental risks, as • provide information about the export govt.nz/biosec/consult well as outlining the high-level chain, including quarantine, packaging The Sea Containers from All risk-management options and and labelling requirements; Countries Standard will replace: how MAFBNZ plans to work with domestic and international • propose options, such as the • MAF Standard BMG-STD- stakeholders involved in the segment. co-operative model and marketing SEACO: Sea Containers from All strategies, for addressing challenges. Countries (September 2003). Segment strategies assist MAFBNZ Speakers included Janet Anderson The Imported Vehicles and in prioritising internal resources from McFoodies Ltd; PITIC NZ staff Machinery Standard will replace: to achieve the desired business outcomes for a particular segment. Louisa Sifakula, Manuel Valdez and Joe • MAF Standard BMG-STD- They help bridge the gap between Fuavao; PCF Programme Manager Tina VEHIL: Import Health Standard high-level strategies and on-the- McNicholas; and in-country quarantine for Used Buses, Cars, Motor ground standards, and allow officers from Tonga and Samoa. Cycles, Trucks, Utility Vehicles varying approaches to be taken and Vans from Any Country The workshops attracted a large where appropriate, rather than number of trade and agriculture- (11 September 2001). a one-size-fits-all solution. related government department • MAF Standard 152-07-04i: While MAFBNZ is not specifically representatives, local business people, Import Health Standard for requesting external comments bankers, farmers and women’s groups. Forestry and Agricultural on the draft segment strategies, Equipment from Any Country stakeholder feedback is welcome. (18 March 1998).

14 MAF BIOSECURITY NEW ZEALAND FRONTLINE NEWS 91 HWAY TO NEW ZEALAND MARKET

ga attracted large numbers of access and biosecurity issues.

Dr Fakavā said one of the major requirements that would otherwise apply problems associated with imports of to fresh produce, although these must fresh produce from the Pacific was still adhere to New Zealand’s food safety, the high level of contamination and packaging and labelling requirements.” infestation because of inadequate He said an issue was raised about the inspection and storage facilities. feasibility of accessing formal market “This contamination leads to high channels, such as the supermarkets. costs related to pest identification “Although strengths exist in serving the and treatment for importers, which market through informal channels, it can often also reduce the shelf New Zealand High Commissioner to Samoa Caroline Bilkey and was noted as inefficient, particularly in Samoa’s Deputy Prime Minister Hon Misa Telefoni at the opening life of the produce,” he said. terms of its collection system. However, of the PATH2NZ export workshop in Samoa, December 2008. interest remains in adapting the model to one that is economically more efficient.” Both Tonga and Samoa expressed interest in trade missions to New Zealand facilitated by PITIC New Zealand (a trade mission from Tonga was scheduled for April to explore market opportunities and gather information to assist in the development of its marketing strategies). Another significant development was the re-establishment of the Growers’ Federation in Tonga following the first day of the export workshop, Dr Fakavā said. “The PATH2NZ export workshop was Participants at the PATH2NZ export workshop in Tonga, December 2008. a success, with participants deliberating extensively. They proposed various Discussions were held around market access “The challenges for Pacific exporters means of improving quality control issues, biosecurity requirements, quarantine will be better quality control systems; systems and standards in partnership treatments, market channel development, improvement in production, quality with the Government, such as the and ways to increase co-operation among and consistency of supply of the development of a marketing board the major stakeholders (farmers, importers, trade commodities; development of that will implement high-quality MAF Tonga and Samoa, and MAFBNZ). phytosanitary measures for potential standards aligned with the requirements Market access was one of the main export commodities; and improving in New Zealand and Australia.” points of interest, particularly current basic quarantine infrastructure to encourage and facilitate trade.” Future PATH2NZ workshops are planned requirements and pathways under review. this year for other Pacific Island countries The processes used by MAFBNZ to Dr Fakavā said opportunities exporting to New Zealand, Dr Fakavā said. prioritise market access submissions for to diversify products to semi- Pacific Island countries was clarified, processed and fully processed MAFBNZ would like to acknowledge including information about the important forms were also of interest. PITIC and PCF initiatives to develop roles played by industry groups and the PATH2NZ network, which is a joint “The main advantage in exporting venture between the two organisations. governments in assessing the commercial processed products is this type of feasibility of proposed commodities. ■ Dr Viliami Fakava, Senior Adviser, MAFBNZ, product circumvents the biosecurity [email protected]

MAF BIOSECURITY NEW ZEALAND 15 91 FRONTLINE NEWS NEW ZEALAND BIOSECURITY LEADERS

As countries in the European “In our paper we recommend the establishment of a European Centre Union (EU) struggle to deal for Invasive Species Management with an ever-increasing stream (ECISM) which would identify, of invasive plant and animal assess and communicate current and emerging threats to the economy and species, they could do well to look environment posed by invasive species. to New Zealand for biosecurity Such an organisation, which would bring together strands of interest advice, according to Professor and expertise currently scattered Philip Hulme of the Bio-Protection throughout several EU directorates, Research Centre at Lincoln could benefit from the lessons learnt through the establishment of MAF University. Biosecurity New Zealand (MAFBNZ). “While New Zealand is a smaller and less politically complex region, the Prof Philip Hulme, Bio-Protection Research Centre, rof Hulme, whose paper “Will Lincoln University. Photo courtesy Bio-Protection Threat of Biological Invasions threats from invasive alien species Research Centre. to the economy and biodiversity Unite the European Union?” more than 11,000 alien species. Before P are undoubtedly greater than to appeared in the prestigious Science DAISIE, the number and impacts any single EU state. MAFBNZ have publication in April, says New Zealand of harmful alien species in Europe learnt how important it is to integrate is a world leader in biosecurity science had been underestimated, especially pre- and post-border perspectives and management and some of the for species that do not damage into biosecurity, communicate systems developed here could be used agriculture, forestry or human health. with stakeholders and the general as models for the EU. This lack of knowledge contributed public and engage with the science to inaction in many European “Traditionally the world has focused community. At the moment such countries, which is becoming on Europe as a source of invasive activities are piecemeal in Europe and increasingly disastrous for Europe’s pest species. More recently, however, awareness among the public regarding biodiversity, health and economy. there has been a change of focus, biosecurity threats is less than 2%.” and European nations are now Prof Hulme’s New Zealand research • Prof Hulme is an international is focused on predicting the risk of realising just how vulnerable they expert on the ecology, distribution and future weed invasions in natural are to invasions from elsewhere. management of invasive species. He and managed ecosystems and “Alien, or non-native species can feed holds the Chair in Plant Biosecurity identifying the role climate change on, hybridise with, parasitise and at Lincoln University and is a co- may play on the biodiversity and out-compete native species. They leader of the Bio-Protection Research economic impacts of weeds. can also introduce disease, alter the Centre’s Biosecurity Theme. ■ Prof Hulme’s full article can be viewed at www. balance within ecosystems, change Prof Hulme devised and led the sciencemag.org – Hulme PE, Pyšek P, Nentwig W landscapes and impact on primary Delivering Alien Invasive Species & Vilà M. (2009) “Will threat of biological production. The lowest estimate of In Europe (DAISIE) project funded invasions unite the European Union?” Science the cost of alien species in Europe is by the European Commission. This 324, 40–41. Further details of DAISIE can be around US$13 billion and this doesn’t unique three-year research project found in DAISIE (2009) Handbook of Alien include the, as yet unquantified, effects provided new knowledge on biological Species in Europe, Springer, Dordrecht and at of around 90% of the invaders! invasions in Europe and documented www.europe-aliens.org.

16 MAF BIOSECURITY NEW ZEALAND FRONTLINE NEWS 91

Will Europe at last unite to combat Biosecurity border thousands of alien inspection history invaders? project

Recent evidence that Europe may be Dr Barry O’Neil, Deputy Director-General, MAF Biosecurity New home to 11,000 alien species has Zealand (MAFBNZ), is inviting anyone involved in biosecurity border spurred the European Commission to inspection – past and present – to join in marking an important release its fi rst ever Communication milestone. on invasive species. In 2010, MAFBNZ border inspection Email: will celebrate 50 years of operation. ■ [email protected] The European Environment Commissioner, Beginning in 1960, the then Port Internet: Stavros Dimas, noted at the launch of Agriculture Inspection Service brought ■ www.biosecurity.govt.nz/history the Communication that “the ecological, together New Zealand’s animal and economic and social consequences of the Postal address: plant health inspectorial operations in ■ spread of invasive species for EU countries MAFBNZ History Project, Ministry of the battle to keep out unwanted foreign Agriculture and Forestry, PO Box 2526, are serious and need a harmonised pests and diseases. Wellington, New Zealand response”. A project is planned in The Communication, which is currently open collaboration with the Ministry for for consultation, proposes the development Culture and Heritage to detail the of a European Strategy on Invasive Species. history of the service. This will It outlines three potential ways forward, involve gathering oral histories, each representing a different level of the writing of a manuscript legislative cost and complexity. The first, with the view to producing a and least complex, involves making better coffee table book and website, use of existing legislation; the second production of an interactive would adapt existing legislation to address DVD and the establishment of a invasive species, while the third, and most small museum. complex, would develop a dedicated legal instrument. The history project will be brought to life by the sharing Professor Philip Hulme, of the Bio-Protection of anecdotes and memorabilia Research Centre at Lincoln University and by those connected to border lead author of a paper recently published inspection in the past in Science, says responsibility for invasive 50 years. species management sits within too many different European institutions. Submissions are welcome. Information, including The paper’s authors, who recently edited submission guidelines and the Handbook of Alien Species in Europe, forms, is available through: suggest legislation is only part of the answer and that what Europe lacks is appropriate governance and institutional co-ordination across Member States to tackle the problem of invasions effectively.

MAF BIOSECURITY NEW ZEALAND 17 91 FRONTLINE NEWS CONFERENCE INVITATION LEADS TO BENEFITS FOR NEW ZEALAND SEED EXPORTERS

Irrigation, Thai-style Changes in the application of Thailand’s new import regulations have been benefi cial to the New Zealand seed industry, following meetings with a MAF Biosecurity New Zealand (MAFBNZ) adviser.

AFBNZ Plant Exports workshop examined aspects of the discussions. “Meeting with DOA Senior Adviser Peter regulatory controls that either hinder or officials was a fantastic opportunity MJohnston was invited to facilitate the movement of seed for to understand quarantine, inspection speak at the Asia and Pacific Seed sowing in international trade. and seed testing methodologies adopted by Thailand. The tour Association (APSA) conference Plant The invitation was particularly also offered an interesting insight Quarantine workshop in Thailand in timely given the problems New into production technologies for August last year. The two-day Zealand Brassica seed exporters MAFBNZ and the NZGSTA.” were having following changes to Thailand’s seed import regulations. Following on from the meeting with DOA officials, MAFBNZ While attending the workshop, has been notified of changes to Mr Johnston took the opportunity Thailand’s importing regulations to meet Thai Department of for Brassica seed. These changes Agriculture (DOA) officials to have been beneficial to the discuss the regulation changes. New Zealand seed industry in “My meeting with DOA officials focused facilitating trade to Thailand. on clarifying new import regulations “MAFBNZ counterparts in Thailand for seed for sowing, and the facilitation have been very accommodating of accurate export phytosanitary with regard to New Zealand certification for New Zealand seed. concerns about import regulations Access to growing beds New Zealand seed growers export and have gone the extra mile to seed worth around $3 million a year make prompt changes that support to Thailand, and so the new import existing trade,” Mr Johnston said. regulations were of significant interest ■ Peter Johnston has been involved in the seed to the New Zealand Seed and Grain trade from a regulatory perspective for about Trade Association [NZGSTA].” 35 years. He currently represents Mr Johnston joined Thai and New New Zealand at the Organisation for Economic Zealand seed industry representatives Co-operation and Development (OECD) Seed for a tour of laboratory and production Schemes, and will become the first New sites growing New Zealand-supplied Zealand Chair of these schemes in 2010. Brassica seed following the official David Melhuish (NZGSTA) with a Thai grower and seed industry representative.

18 MAF BIOSECURITY NEW ZEALAND STAKEHOLDER PROFILE 91 Biosecurity fundamental to wine industry

New Zealand’s annual wine Q: How do you manage these challenges? exports are expected to reach A: We’re pretty active in watching $1 billion this year. Biosecurity what is going on overseas to see magazine talked with New Zealand if there are any issues we should be aware of, and that we should Winegrowers Chief Executive Philip bring to the attention of MAF Philip Gregan Gregan about the industry and its Biosecurity New Zealand. We also make submissions on import views on biosecurity. standards. It’s about keeping our STATISTICS eyes open. For example, the glassy • New Zealand wine exports reached Q: What is the importance of winged sharpshooter is something $930 million in the year to the end of biosecurity to your industry? we need to keep a particular eye on. February 2009 – the figure is expected to reach $1 billion before the end of this year. A: Biosecurity is fundamental to our Q: What are the future issues? industry. There are about 31,000 • Wine exports in 2008 were up 19 percent A: The right balance on allowing compared with 2007. hectares of producing vines in New imported material. I think the • In 2005, wine exports were valued at just Zealand – our biggest horticultural Government needs to look at $430 million. crop – so biosecurity is very high on the system from a public good our watch list. The industry is mindful, perspective, particularly for • Average per litre value of exports was for example, of how the European agriculture where the risks are $9.15 in 2008, up from $9.04 in 2007. wine industry was devastated in the potentially catastrophic. I think we • There are more than 1200 individual late 19th century by phylloxera, an can do better, and maybe we should wineries in New Zealand, of which about American insect that somehow got be looking more at how things are 400 are exporters. across the Atlantic to Europe. More done overseas. The global recession • The 2009 grape harvest is expected to be recently, there have been concerns means that when money is short, 275,000 tonnes – down slightly on the about the potential threat to New people try to take short cuts. One record 2008 vintage of 285,000 tonnes. Zealand from the glassy winged of New Zealand’s grape varieties The industry attributes the drop to a focus sharpshooter – which seems to is a clone of syrah, and is known on quality. have spread from the United States as a ‘gumboot’ clone because it • New Zealand has 10 main wine growing to Tahiti, and was then discovered was smuggled here in the 1970s. regions. In the warmer and more humid in the Cook Islands, with which When times are tough, we need northern regions of Northland, Auckland New Zealand has close travel ties. to be more watchful than ever. and Gisborne, chardonnay grapes, Q: What are the challenges? • New Zealand Winegrowers was for example, are usually harvested in A: The wine industry faces the same established in March 2002 as the late February or early March, while in challenges as everyone else in the joint initiative of the New Zealand Central Otago, the world’s most southerly chardonnay grapes may first be picked in produce sector. For all of us, the Grape Growers Council, representing mid-to-late April. important thing is getting the right the interests of New Zealand’s balance between the importation independent grapegrowers, and • New Zealand’s most popular wine of goods and adequate monitoring. the Wine Institute of New Zealand, – sauvignon blanc – dominated the Quarantine is a long-standing representing New Zealand wineries. production statistics in 2008 with a crop concern. I’m not sure the current The organisation aims to represent, of 170,000 tonnes: a 60 percent share of system is working that well – because promote and research the national the total harvest. the significant costs for importers and international interests of the New • New Zealand Winegrowers’ objective can encourage illegal imports. Zealand wine industry. It is funded by vintage 2012 is for all New Zealand The wine industry is dependent by levies collected by the Council grapes and wine to be produced under on planting material, so we need a and the Institute as well as from user independently audited sustainability system that works well and is timely. pays activities and sponsorships. schemes.

MAF BIOSECURITY NEW ZEALAND 19 91 IUFRO International forest health scientists focus on biosecurity

Rotorua became a gathering point in March for forest health scientists from around the world.

“For me, this diverse gathering The relevance of biosecurity was well highlighted the enormous need for highlighted during the week-long effective communication across conference by a range of international science disciplines, which is what keynote speakers sponsored by the this conference facilitated.” Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development Dr Richardson says that the need (OECD). for effective communication also extends further, to include dialogue “These presentations showed how between scientists, policy makers the risks associated with invasive and operational managers. organisms are growing worldwide due to continuous growth in trade MAFBNZ’s Acting Director Policy and tourism, and also from changing Scion’s Dr Steve Pawson speaking to IUFRO conference and Risk Peter Thomson highlighted delegates during a field trip to the Port of Tauranga climates. The need for policy makers the challenges faced by policy makers to hear about light trap technology as an alternative to recognise and address these risks strategy to fumigation. who had to make rapid decisions is more critical than ever, particularly at times of pest incursion, often in he International Union of in terms of shutting down major the absence of solid information. Forest Research Organizations pathways that enable the movement T(IUFRO) International Forest “Science takes time to come up with of pests,” Mr Thomson says. answers. Often we don’t have the Biosecurity Conference, hosted by A serious risk pathway identified by Crown Research Institute Scion and luxury of time. If a new pest comes several speakers was the movement supported by MAF Biosecurity New into the country, we need to act of ornamental plants in Europe, Zealand (MAFBNZ), featured over quickly, regardless of how much we often whole trees up to 3 metres 90 speakers from 14 different countries, know about it,” Mr Thomson says. tall including root balls and soil. representing a huge body of knowledge “This means we have to make “Fortunately we don’t allow this type aimed at forest protection. educated decisions based on the best of trade in New Zealand, but the Conference chair and head of information available at the time, and proliferation of pests in other parts forestry science at Scion, Dr Brian often this information is contained of the world can still impact the risks Richardson, says it was the first within the heads of science experts.” that we face,” Mr Thomson says. time international scientists had Scientists are usually reluctant to “Effective risk management is far gathered under the “biosecurity” venture opinions, because their more likely to be realised with greater banner to focus on the risks to forests training demands that conclusions international science co-operation, posed by pests, weeds and diseases. can only be reached with a high which was clearly one of the benefits The broad scope of the conference level of supporting evidence. of this important conference.” highlighted the multi-disciplinary ■ nature of biosecurity sciences. Dr Richardson agrees that Margaret Richardson, Senior Communications scientists need to understand the Adviser, Scion “Delegates represented an enormous [email protected] pressures policy makers face and range of science disciplines, all ■ learn to apply science knowledge IUFRO is a non-profit, non-governmental with an important role to play in international network of forest scientists, in a more dynamic fashion. supporting effective biosecurity which promotes global co-operation in systems. We had forest pathologists, “We need to make the best forest-related research and enhances the understanding of the ecological, economic and entomologists, weed ecologists, decisions we can based on the information available at any social aspects of forests and trees. See molecular biologists, meteorologists, www.iufro.org for more information. For point in time, even when that modelling specialists … the list summaries of all the Rotorua conference goes on,” Dr Richardson says. information is limited,” he says. presentations (258 pages), see www.forestbiosecurity.com/

20 MAF BIOSECURITY NEW ZEALAND IUFRO 91

MAF Biosecurity New Zealand (MAFBNZ) Senior Adviser, Risk Analysis, Melanie Newfi eld spoke at the International Union of Forest Research Organizations (IUFRO) conference about managing hitchhiker organisms. This is a summary of her paper “Identifying and assessing entry pathways for hitchhiker organisms: A case study using lymantriid moths”. Asian gypsy moth caterpillar. Image courtesy Melody Keena, USDA Forest Service.

he problems associated with the term “hitchhiker organism”, the same way. The opportunistic managing hitchhiker or just “hitchhiker”, is difficult to behaviour of hitchhikers means they Torganisms on import define and means different things often appear to occur randomly, pathways are familiar to many people. to different people. An accurate but new information is showing The lessons MAFBNZ has learned definition is important because that they are not random and that, from risk analysis on hitchhikers are better defining what hitchhikers with the right information, they helping us understand and better are will help find better ways to can be predicted more effectively. predict the risks of other hitchhikers. predict and manage them. The challenge for the future will One important lesson is that closely Mostly, hitchhikers are associated be getting the right information related hitchhikers are not necessarily with inanimate pathways such as to the people who need it. transported in the same ways on the sea containers but they also occur Since 1996, three lymantriid moths same pathways. Another surprising on biological pathways such as have been detected in, and eradicated finding is that “how far can a fresh fruit. The consistent character from, New Zealand. These are the caterpillar crawl?” is an important of hitchhikers is that they are Asian gypsy moth (Lymantria dispar), but not often studied question. opportunists. They can be carried white-spotted tussock moth (Orgyia Despite the familiarity of hitchhikers on almost anything as long as it thyellina) and painted apple moth such as the Asian gypsy moth, is present at the right time and in (Teia anartoides). A recent pathway giant African snail, black widow the right conditions to pick up the risk analysis1 assessed a wide range spider and red imported fire ant, hitchhiker. A hitchhiker is therefore of potential entry pathways for these defined as: an organism that has species in order to identify how an opportunistic association with they were likely to have arrived in a commodity or item with which it New Zealand and the best ways of has no biological host relationship. preventing them from arriving again. The biosecurity risk analysis While many of the entry pathways for approach usually relies on using Asian gypsy moth are well known, literature reports of associations this was the first risk analysis to between organisms and their 1 hosts – from apples to zoo animals. MAF Biosecurity New Zealand (2008). Pest Risk Analysis for Six Moth Species: Lessons for the However, associations between biosecurity system on managing hitchhiker organisms. hitchhikers and the items they www.biosecurity.govt.nz/files/regs/imports/risk/ Asian gypsy moth caterpillars. Image courtesy Melody moths-ra.pdf Keena, USDA Forest Service. occur on cannot be assessed in Continued on next page ❯

MAF BIOSECURITY NEW ZEALAND 21 91 IUFRO

❯ continued from previous page incursion in the United States that few used vehicles from Australia, compare a wide range of pathways resulted from military transport. where painted apple moth occurs. for it. The analysis highlighted In contrast, ships were not a potential The entry of these moth species that, under most circumstances, entry pathway for the painted apple highlights the importance of storing sea containers and vehicles are moth and white-spotted tussock sea containers in environments that likely to be a more important entry moth. Both these moths get onto are away from host plants and that pathway than ships. However, ships entry pathways when caterpillars might result in contamination with are also an important pathway and crawl off their host plants looking moth pupae. However, there is little under some circumstances pose for somewhere to form a cocoon, information available on how far the a higher risk than containers and which makes it unlikely they would caterpillars crawl, so we don’t yet know vehicles. Other potential pathways crawl onto ships. Sea containers how far sea containers and cargo should included the transport of military and vehicles were potential entry be kept from host plants in order to equipment. This was unlikely to pathways for these species, although ensure they don’t carry painted apple have been the origin of the New vehicles were less likely for painted moth or white-spotted tussock moth. Zealand incursion, but there was an apple moth as New Zealand imports

WOOD WASP RISKS TO NEW ZEALAND’S FORESTS

Figure 1: Adult Sirex noctilio, the only wood wasp present in New Zealand MAF Biosecurity New Zealand as siricids. Although they are called maintained since 1952 (Figure 4). wasps, they do not attack people. Data shows the key species Incursion Investigator Graham All are forest tree pests to varying New Zealand is most at risk from are Burnip spoke at the degrees, and most pose some risk to Sirex juvencus, Urocerus gigas and International Union of Forest New Zealand’s forests. The adults Xeris spp – all northern hemisphere species. Research Organizations (IUFRO) shown in Figure 1 are of Sirex noctilio, the only wood wasp present in New Case study conference about the forest Zealand. Their pest status is partly biosecurity risk of wood wasps. related to wood tunnelling by the MAFBNZ visited a Christchurch golf larvae (Figure 2), but more course to investigate dead and dying This is a summary of his paper, importantly, during oviposition (egg cedar trees. Cutting them down which outlined historical border laying), adult wasps inject a revealed abundant wood wasp tunnelling (Figure 5). However, New detection records and case bascidiomycete wood decay fungus into the tree. The fungi rapidly Zealand’s only wood wasp, S. noctilio, studies of recent incursions. colonises the tree’s vascular system has never been recorded as attacking (Figure 3), frequently killing it. This cedar trees. orldwide there are about in turn makes the wood more Cedar are a favoured host of S. 100 species of insects that palatable to the tunnelling wood wasp juvencus. Given S. juvencus is our are known collectively as larvae, in what is a textbook example most commonly intercepted wood W of a symbiotic relationship. wood wasps or horntails. All are wasp, and the golf course’s proximity classified within the family Siricidae, Records of wood wasps intercepted at to an international airport, the worst hence they are also commonly known New Zealand’s borders have been was feared.

22 MAF BIOSECURITY NEW ZEALAND IUFRO 91

Figure 2: Wood wasp larvae tunnel into the tree

Identification of larvae collected from the cut trees was unable to determine which Sirex species it was – basically the different species cannot be differentiated by the physical characteristics of the larvae. What we needed, but had not found, were adults. Time is of the essence in these situations, so the same day we initiated a project using DNA Figure 3: Staining from the Amylosterium fungi within the tree’s vascular system molecular diagnostic methods to Figure 4: New Zealand wood wasp interceptions 1952–2000 compare the larvae we had found Species Number of interceptions (%) with larvae of known S. noctilio, in Sirex juvencus 97 (38.8) order to see if they were the same. Urocerus gigas 43 (17.2) Meanwhile, the cut trunk sections Unidentified sp 41 (16.4) Xeris spectrum 31 (12.4) were axe-split, hoping to find an Sirex cyaneus 10 (4.0) about-to-emerge adult within a Sirex sp 8 (3.2) tunnel. We got lucky and found an Tremex columba 5 (2.0) adult that had died prior to Urocerus sp 5 (2.0) emergence. This was confirmed as S. Sirex areolatus 4 (1.6) noctilio, the species already present in Sirex noctilio 3 (1.2) Sirex nigricornis 1 (0.4) New Zealand. Urocerus albicornis 1 (0.4) After further questioning of the golf Xeris tarsalis 1 (0.4) club grounds’ staff, it became Total: 250 apparent they were aware that a recent change of under-tree herbicide use had caused needle-fall on some trees. We think the reduced moisture content and other changes that resulted from this herbicide damage resulted in the cedars becoming attractive and susceptible to wood wasp attack. This case represented a new host association record for Sirex noctilio on the Cedrus atlantica host, and this has been published where it will hopefully Figure 5: Investigating the tree deaths be detectable by international search For a copy of the publication see www.nzpps.org/journal/61/nzpp61_391b.php engines. ■ Graham Burnip, Incursion Investigator, Plants and Environment, MAFBNZ IDC Christchurch, [email protected]

MAF BIOSECURITY NEW ZEALAND 23 91 IUFRO

Irradiation chamber.

Dr Michael Ormsby, MAF for widespread application in 99.99 percent (or 1 survivor Biosecurity New Zealand (MAFBNZ) international trade? in 10,000) at the 95 percent confidence level. Senior Adviser and member of • Is the treatment practical and feasible for use in international When only low numbers of pests several international panels, gave trade? are available, efficacy testing can the fi rst formal presentation at be completed using extrapolation Treatment efficacy the International Union of Forest by fitting dose-response data Many scientific papers refer to a to known response curves. Research Organizations (IUFRO) treatments’ efficacy as achieving When the efficacy of a treatment conference in Rotorua. This is “100 percent mortality” of the test must be demonstrated against a a summary of his presentation subjects. While this description of the large number of pest species, a outcome may be correct, it does not recommended approach is to identify, on recent developments in provide any level of assurance that through published literature or phytosanitary treatments for plants 100 percent mortality will be achieved comparative testing of small numbers and forest products. should the experiment be repeated. of individuals, or both, the most Couey and Chew (1986) described tolerant pest species within the target a method of measuring treatment group. This most tolerant pest species n 2007 the Commission on efficacy based on the number of test can then act as the representative Phytosanitary Measures adopted subjects and the number of survivors test species for the group for the Ia standard for the submission and after treatment. The formula larger scale efficacy testing. evaluation of the efficacy data and described in their paper is relatively When target species are not available other relevant information on simple to use and demonstrates the to a research group, more readily phytosanitary treatments (IPPC association, at the 95 percent level of available surrogate species may be 2007). Researchers developing confidence, between the number of used if these have been shown to treatments for use in international pests exposed to the treatment, the be more tolerant of the treatment. trade need to consider two primary survival rate and the level of efficacy. questions: As an example, a treatment that Treatment practicability and feasibility • Is the treatment effective kills all 30,000 exposed beetles While research may show that, at the 95 enough against the target pests has a calculated efficacy of percent level of confidence, a specific

24 MAF BIOSECURITY NEW ZEALAND IUFRO 91

STIMBR getting runs on the board

Stakeholders in Methyl Bromide Reduction (STIMBR) has reached another milestone by becoming an incorporated society with the acceptance of its constitution placing the organisation on a formal legal footing. STIMBR brings together industry, government and research organisations and individuals with the aim of providing a united voice in support of initiatives for enhancing market access and Phosphine fumigation. biosecurity clearances for goods and products while reducing the release of methyl bromide into the treatment will provide an appropriate Since the recent adoption of an atmosphere and seeking the long-term reduction level of efficacy against the target international standard for approving in its use. pest, consideration must be taken treatments for international trade The organisation says the wide support it has that application of the treatment is in plant products, researchers have received for the voluntary levy on methyl bromide practical in international trade. been struggling to demonstrate, use is providing significant funding for specific Aside from the more obvious in a cost-effective and robust research projects, as well as leverage on other practical limitations such as manner, appropriate treatment funding sources. The levy collection has recently environmental effects (for effectiveness and practicality. been boosted by the forest industry decision to also example, ozone depletion, product Resolving these problems not only cover phosphine treated logs. degradation), human health impacts requires an advanced understanding Historically, STIMBR received support from the or prohibitive costs in use, less of pest biology and treatment effect, Sustainable Farming Fund for projects focused obvious but equally important trade but also requires considerable on alternative treatments for forestry exports, attributes, need to be considered. rigour in statistical analysis and including fumigant recapture technologies. The life stage of the pest, for which experimental design, and a working STIMBR member Genera has received funding from efficacy was demonstrated, should knowledge of the international the Sustainable Management Fund to advance also be the life stage most frequently trading environment and biosecurity. acceptance of directly generated phosphine for a encountered in international trade. range of applications, including sawn timber to Research into treatments should Australia during the Arhopalus season. The timing of mortality may also be therefore have a multi-disciplinary important. If successful treatment approach; ensuring outcomes are STIMBR has approved funding for several key application is verified by using suitably robust and adequately projects considered of high priority by the sector, post-treatment inspections then supported to be both practical and including: any treatments having delayed feasible, and to withstand the rigour • a review of capture/destruction technologies for mortality could fail this inspection. of international scientific review. methyl bromide; Care should also be taken to ■ • consolidation of all phosphine research and ensure that the condition of the Dr Michael Ormsby, Senior Adviser, Risk Analysis – Plants, Policy and Risk Directorate, MAFBNZ data; commodity used in treatment [email protected] testing be comparable to that • development of protocols for monitoring fumigant dispersion at any significant found in international trade. For Dr Ormsby sits on several international panels fumigation site; example, testing treatment efficacy and committees, including two Technical Panels on pests in dry timber may not on Forest Quarantine and Phytosanitary • investigation of residual fumigant emissions be considered applicable to green Treatment, established under the International from logs following normal ventilation or timber shipments more commonly Plant Protection Convention’s work programme recapture of methyl bromide; found in international trade. (see www.ippc.int). These technical panels have • further phosphine fumigation efficacy trials; and been grappling with the problems of approving • a revision of the STIMBR research strategy. Conclusions international treatments. STIMBR has 22 member organisations, including Undertaking research to determine References government departments, research organisations, if a treatment is effective enough Couey HM and Chew V. 1986. Confidence limits and ports, forestry companies and associations, and for widespread application in sample size in quarantine research. Journal of Economic fumigators, plus 10 associate members. Entomology 79: pp 887–890. international trade has been simple See www.stimbr.nzfoa.org.nz/ for more information. IPPC. 2007. Phytosanitary treatments for regulated pests. in the past because of less rigorous International Standards for Phytosanitary Measures No. 28, requirements than those of today. FAO, Rome: pp 11 (available at https://www.ippc.int/). ■ Gordon Hosking, STIMBR chair, [email protected]

MAF BIOSECURITY NEW ZEALAND 25 91 DIRECTORY

Dr Justin McDonald has been appointed Senior Adviser JosephJ (Joe) Murray-Cullen has joined the Policy and Risk Y (Marine) to the Biosecurity Surveillance Group within the MAF Directorate’s Policy team as a Policy Analyst. For the past four Biosecurity New Zealand (MAFBNZ) Post-Border Directorate. years,y Joe has been studying law, economics and strategic RIT JustinJ comes to MAF from the Department of Fisheries (DoF), management at the University of Canterbury. He is continuing Perth, Western Australia, where he worked as a senior research his studies part-time this year at the Victoria University of CU scientist.s He had many roles at DoF, from developing natural WellingtonW Faculty of Law. E resource condition indices for marine habitats in the north-west of Western Australia, to implementing one of the OS first trials of the Australian Australi National Introduced Marine Species monitoring methodologies. Justin has worked as an environmental consultant conducting vessel Megan Dymond has joined the Border Standards Directorate as inspections for non-indigenous marine species, as an academic at the University of ana Adviser for the Plant Imports and Export team. She will be Western Australia characterising marine benthic habitats of the Recherche Archipelago, providing policy and technical advice on import health as a primary school teacher and a graphic designer. He completed his PhD in the standardss including the development and implementation of Northern Territory, where he survived crocodile-infested waters and sandflies to work on plant-related import health standards, with a particular focus

PLE IN BI tropical sponges. ono genetically modified plant and plant-based products.

O Megan holds a Bachelor of Science in Botany and Zoology, with

E Nicholas (Nic) McGuire has joined the Border Standards postgraduate papers in entomology, and genetics and

P Directorate as an Adviser in the Animal Imports group. He was molecularl l bibiology.l ShShe worked for several years at AgResearch in the Molecular a Quarantine Inspector with the Quarantine Service for Parasitology group as Research Associate before joining the MAFBNZ Investigation and 12 years, and also worked for the Service as an Enforcement Diagnostic Centre (IDC) at Wallaceville, where she was employed to develop Arbovirus OfficerO in Wellington. He recently completed extramural studies diagnostic test capability. Prior to joining the Border Standards Directorate, Megan tot gain an Applied Science Degree from Massey University. worked briefly in the Post Border Directorate as a Team Support Officer.

Ranuka Robinson has been appointed as an Adviser in the National Coordination Team, part of the Pest Management Nicky Johnston has joined the Border Standards Plant Imports Group,G Post Border Directorate. Prior to that, she was a Team anda Exports team as the Technical Support Officer. She is on a SupportS Officer in the Post Border Surveillance team. Ranuka six-months secondment from her role as a Quarantine Inspector, has also worked as a Microbiology Technician at animal health based in Wellington. Nicky completed a Bachelor of Science at companyc BOMAC Laboratories Ltd and as a Customer Services VictoriaV University of Wellington, majoring in environmental Representative at Biolab Ltd and Global Science and geographyg and psychology. TechnologyT Ltd (specialising in microbiology products). She has a Bachelor of Applied SciScience in food technology from the Auckland University of Technology.

UPDATES IMPORT HEALTH STANDARD FOR IMPORTATION OF SEED FOR SOWING IMPORT HEALTH STANDARD FOR IMPORTATION OF NURSERY STOCK MAF Biosecurity New Zealand has issued a minor amendment to the import health The import health standard 155.02.06: Importation of Nursery Stock was amended standard: 155.02.05 Importation of Seed for Sowing. The revised standard is dated to include changes to the schedules for Allium, Persea, Rubus, Vaccinium, and 21 April 2009, and can be viewed at: www.biosecurity.govt.nz/files/ihs/155-02-05.pdf Vaccinium macrocarpon. Minor changes have been made to the general requirements in Sections 1 and 2; new The standard is dated 7 April 2009, and replaces that dated 10 November 2008. The schedules have been added for Corylus and Curcurbita pepo; and minor changes standard can be viewed at: www.biosecurity.govt.nz/files/ihs/155-02-06.pdf have been completed for Arabidopsis thaliana, Brassica Napus, Glycine, Medicago For further information, email [email protected] or phone 04 894 0862. and Zea schedules.

Pest watch: 20/02/2009 – 31/03/2009 Biosecurity is about managing risks – protecting the New Zealand environment and economy from exotic pests and diseases. MAF Biosecurity New Zealand devotes much of its time to ensuring that new organism records come to its attention, to follow up as appropriate. The tables here list new organisms that have become established, new hosts for existing pests and extensions to distribution of existing pests. The information was collated between 20 December 2008 and 20 February 2009. The plant information is held in the Plant Pest Information Network (PPIN) database. Wherever possible, common names have been included.

ANIMAL KINGDOM RECORDS Validated new to New Zealand reports No new to New Zealand records during this period.

New host reports No new host records during this period. Extension to distribution reports No extension to distribution records during this period.

■ If you have any enquiries regarding this information please email [email protected]

26 MAF BIOSECURITY NEW ZEALAND DIRECTORY 91

PLANT KINGDOM RECORDS Validated new to New Zealand reports Organism Host Location Submitted by Comments Balta bicolour Residential kitchen Auckland IDC general surveillance (cockroach)

Pythium sylvaticum Soil baited with rhododendron leaves Waikato Scion (special survey) (no common name) Significant find reports Organism Host Location Submitted by Comments No significant find records during this period. New host reports Organism Host Location Submitted by Comments Botryosphaeria australis Sequoiadendron giganteum Mid-Canterbury Scion (fungus: no common name) (Californian big tree) (high risk site surveillance)

Ceroplastes sinensis Punica granatum Auckland Scion (Chinese wax scale) (pomegranate) (high risk site surveillance)

Ctenopseustis obliquana Crataegus monogyna Wellington Scion (brown headed leafroller) (hawthorn) (high risk site surveillance)

Paraserianthes lophantha Auckland Scion (brush wattle) (high risk site surveillance)

Syncarpia glomulifera Bay of Plenty Scion (lustre wood) (high risk site surveillance)

Hemiberlesia rapax Hebe topiaria Wellington Scion (greedy scale) (hebe) (high risk site surveillance)

Halocarpus bidwillii Wellington Scion (bog pine) (high risk site surveillance)

Lindingaspis rossi Protea cynaroides Wellington Scion (circular black scale) (giant protea) (high risk site surveillance)

Mitophyllus arcuatus Stranvaesia davidiana Auckland Scion (beetle) (no common name) (high risk site surveillance)

Ochrosopsis subfasciatus Syzygium smithii Wellington Scion (chrysomelid beetle ) (high risk site surveillance)

Oemona hirta Euonymus japonicus Wellington Scion (lemon tree borer) (Japanese spindle tree ) (high risk site surveillance)

Crataegus monogyna Wellington Scion (hawthorn) (high risk site surveillance)

Phloeophagosoma dilutum Phormium tenax Wellington Scion (beetle: weevil) (flax) (high risk site surveillance)

Prionoplus reticularis Pinus nigra Wellington Scion (huhu beetle) (black pine) (high risk site surveillance)

Pseudococcus longispinus (longtailed mealybug)

Saissetia coffeae Schefflera actinophylla Auckland Scion (hemispherical scale) (Queensland umbrella tree) (high risk site surveillance)

Coccus hesperidum (brown soft scale) New distribution reports Organism Host Location Submitted by Comments Blastobasis tarda sp. nr. Malus sylvestris var. domestica Hawkes Bay IDC (export pre-clearance) (moth)

Mycosphaerella handelii Rhododendron sp. Westland Scion (no common name) (rhododendron) (high risk site surveillance)

Phloeophagosoma dilutum Phormium tenax Wellington Scion (beetle: weevil) (flax) (high risk site surveillance)

Ochrosopsis subfasciatus Syzygium smithii Wellington Scion (chrysomelid beetle) (monkey apple, lilly pilly) (high risk site surveillance)

■ If you have any enquiries regarding this information please email [email protected]

MAF BIOSECURITY NEW ZEALAND 27 Exotic disease and pest emergency hotline: 0800 80 99 66 Animal welfare complaint hotline: 0800 32 70 27 www.biosecurity.govt.nz