DOCSLIB.ORG

Lithoserix Williamsi (Siricidae: Hymenoptera) a Newly Recognized Fossil Horntail from Florissant, Colorado

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Lithoserix Williamsi (Siricidae: Hymenoptera) a Newly Recognized Fossil Horntail from Florissant, Colorado University of Nebraska - Lincoln DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln Center for Systematic Entomology, Gainesville, Insecta Mundi Florida October 1986 Lithoserix williamsi (Siricidae: Hymenoptera) a newly recognized fossil horntail from Florissant, Colorado F. Martin Brown University of Colorado Museum Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.unl.edu/insectamundi Part of the Entomology Commons Brown, F. Martin, "Lithoserix williamsi (Siricidae: Hymenoptera) a newly recognized fossil horntail from Florissant, Colorado" (1986). Insecta Mundi. 505. https://digitalcommons.unl.edu/insectamundi/505 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Center for Systematic Entomology, Gainesville, Florida at DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln. It has been accepted for inclusion in Insecta Mundi by an authorized administrator of DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln. Vol. 1, no. 3, October 1986 INSECTA MUNDI 119 Lithoserix williamsi (Siricidae: [Iynenogtera) a newly reco(jr1ized fossil horntail from Florissant, Colorado. F. Martin Brown Research Associate University of Colorado Museum A recently found fossil from the old The diagram of the left wing omits the Scudder pit (?) appears to be a large female venation of the hind wing which is confused horntail. It shows the ventral aspect. Con- with that of the anal rcargin of the forewing. pared with modern Siricidae, the length of About 15 mm of the wing's length is preser- its ovipositor in relation to the body proper ved. The wing tip is not preserved. There suygests nodern Xeris spectrum. Unfortunate- is a small but well defined dark stigma. The ly the venation is inconpletely preserved on n,ed.ian cell is large, measuring about 7 mnl both wings. In addition to this the fore- along the costal margin and 1.3 mm at its wings and hindwings overlap to some extent on greatest depth. It is a scalene triangle in each side. What venation is decipherable is shape. Cell cu+cul is subrectangular and consistent with that of the family as can be measures about 5.3 mm long x 1.0 mm at its seen in the two sketches. It does not seem widest point. Distad of this and continuing to agree with any of the modern genera ex- the direction of the veins is cell M3, 2.9 x an(ined but approaches that of Sirex more 1.1 nm in greatest dimensions. Between cell closely than any other. Both antennae are M3 and the stigma cells M4 and 1R1+R5 are not faintly indicated. They are stout, many- clearly separated. The vein M (or ,M1+2) segmented and in keeping with those of Siri- cannot be seen in its entirety. The missing cidae. Both hind legs are preserved faintly portion is represented by short dashes in the alniost throughout their length. They are diagram. The cross vein separating 1st M2 stout, and the individual segments are clear- cell from M1 cell is ill-defined, and only ly defined. the posterior half of it can be traced. The total body length, omitting the A large flake of shale carried off most ovipositor, is 22 mm divided as follows: of the critical venation of the right fore- head 1 n;n, prothorax 3 mm, ~t~esothorax3.5 mm wing. More of the hind wing can be deciph- metathorax 2.5, abdomen 12 mm. The greatest ered on this side than on the left. At that width of the body is at the mesothorax, 4.3 only part of the anterior portion of the wing mm, but the dimension is not trustworthy is represented by well-defined veins. Only because the insect is sonewhat crushed. 4.3 that part of the venation involving the dis- and 4.5 mm of the left and right antennae are tal portion of the median cell and a portion preserved. The width is 0.4 mm. A segment of the wing apicad of that is clear enough in or two is well enough preserved to suggest the fossil to allow study. Most of the cross that the segments are about half again as veins are not visible. The fore and hind long as wide. The thoracic segnents suggest wings overlap, and in the drawing the fore- that the insect is on its back. There are wing veins have been omitted. very small finely striate sublateral areas, and there appear to be medial and nedio- The portion of the left forewing vena- lateral grooves. The latter may be an arti- tion that is visible is sufficiently cii;fer- fact of fossilization, folds instead of ent from that of any other Siricoidea and grooves. The abdominal segments, five in from either the fossil siricids described all, appear transversely banded dark and by Cockerell and by Rohwer to warrant a new light. The dark bands probably are the re- ge~~ericrlar,ie as well as a distinctive trivial mains of heavy chiton, the light ones more nan;e. he descriptions above anti the draw- delicate chiton connecting the somites. ings niay be take11 as description of both The ovipositor is incomplete,18.4 mm of genus and si:ecies, Lithoserix williamsi n.gen it are preserved. The termi- and n.5~. The provenience of the fossil is rial tab of the Sirici6 abdomen is very dark - Florissant Lake Shales, early Oligocene, composed of heavy =hiton - and measures 3.8 FlOriSsilnt, Teller CO., Colorado. It is the nm wide anteriorlyand 2 mm long. ~h~ property of the National Park Service, ovipositor tapers frombasal 0.6 mm to 0.4 mm Florissant Fossii Eeds rational Ilonunent. at its distal end. It has a thin ,,,idline Following regulations, it is deposited in the clearly visible onlyin the abdominad typ collection of the Uriiver sity Eluseurn, portion. University of Colorado, Eoulder, where so many Florissant fossils are preserved. The hind leg is at least 15 mm long. The following measurenents of the parts could The generic name, Lithoserix, is a crea- be made: coxa 0.9? x 0.6 mm, trochanter 0.3 x tion of convenience based on lithos a trans- 0.6 mm, femur 3.5 x 1.1 mm, tibia ca. 5 x 0.7 literation of the Greek word for stone and mm, tarsus 6 x 0.3 mn (individual joints not Serix the basic genus of the faixily to which well enough defined to measure). A trace of I assigned the fossil. The trivial nac:e, the foot appears to be visible on the right williamsi, cor?.menorates Jack I?illian!s, the side but too poorly preserved to warrant retired super intendent of the monument who description. eight years ago askeci me to make a detailed 120 INSECTA MUNDI Vol. 1, no. 3, October 1986 study of both the modern and fossil insects , of the area. The initial number of the fos- sil is FLFO 119 in the monument collecticn and now carries the UCN number 31179. Sithoserix uilliamsi, n.sp., diagram of vanation of left forewing and \ \ right hind wing. " '"8 .
Load more

Recommended publications
  • The Ecology, Behavior, and Biological Control Potential of Hymenopteran Parasitoids of Woodwasps (Hymenoptera: Siricidae) in North America
    REVIEW:BIOLOGICAL CONTROL-PARASITOIDS &PREDATORS The Ecology, Behavior, and Biological Control Potential of Hymenopteran Parasitoids of Woodwasps (Hymenoptera: Siricidae) in North America 1 DAVID R. COYLE AND KAMAL J. K. GANDHI Daniel B. Warnell School of Forestry and Natural Resources, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602 Environ. Entomol. 41(4): 731Ð749 (2012); DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1603/EN11280 ABSTRACT Native and exotic siricid wasps (Hymenoptera: Siricidae) can be ecologically and/or economically important woodboring insects in forests worldwide. In particular, Sirex noctilio (F.), a Eurasian species that recently has been introduced to North America, has caused pine tree (Pinus spp.) mortality in its non-native range in the southern hemisphere. Native siricid wasps are known to have a rich complex of hymenopteran parasitoids that may provide some biological control pressure on S. noctilio as it continues to expand its range in North America. We reviewed ecological information about the hymenopteran parasitoids of siricids in North America north of Mexico, including their distribution, life cycle, seasonal phenology, and impacts on native siricid hosts with some potential efÞcacy as biological control agents for S. noctilio. Literature review indicated that in the hymenop- teran families Stephanidae, Ibaliidae, and Ichneumonidae, there are Þve genera and 26 species and subspecies of native parasitoids documented from 16 native siricids reported from 110 tree host species. Among parasitoids that attack the siricid subfamily Siricinae, Ibalia leucospoides ensiger (Norton), Rhyssa persuasoria (L.), and Megarhyssa nortoni (Cresson) were associated with the greatest number of siricid and tree species. These three species, along with R. lineolata (Kirby), are the most widely distributed Siricinae parasitoid species in the eastern and western forests of North America.
    [Show full text]
  • Wood-Destroying Insect Diagnostic Inspection
    Wood-Destroying Insect Diagnostic Inspection Category 12 Study Guide for Commercial Applicator August 2020 - ODA - Pesticide and Fertilizer Regulation- Certification and Training Section Acknowledgements The Ohio Department of Agriculture would like to thank the following entities that helped develop this study manual. Their time, effort, and expertise are greatly appreciated. Authors Susan Jones The Ohio State University Extension – Entomology Joanne Kick-Raack The Ohio State University Extension – PAT William Pound Ohio Department of Agriculture Members of the Ohio Pest Control Assoc. Editors Kelly Boubary – ODA Stephanie Boyd – ODA 3 OHIO WOOD DESTROYING INSECT INSPECTION PROGRAM TABLE OF CONTENTS Introduction 6 Chapter 1 Training and Licensing Requirements for WDI 7 Chapter 2 Understanding the Real Estate Transaction 10 Chapter 3 Reportable Wood-Destroying Insects of Ohio 13 Chapter 4 Miscellaneous Insects and Fungi Associated with Wood in Structures 33 Chapter 5 Understanding Basic Construction Technology 38 Chapter 6 Inspecting Structures 51 Chapter 7 Management Options for Wood-Destroying Insects 58 Chapter 8 Ohio Guidelines for Completing the NPMA-33 Form 70 Chapter 9 Guidelines for Soil Termiticide Treatments 75 Appendix Glossary of Terms 83 Appendix A Chapter 921 of the Ohio Revised Code (ORC) 84 Ohio Wood-Destroying Insect Inspection Program Introduction The Ohio Department of Agriculture receives numerous inquiries and complaints each year from Ohio consumers and other interested parties with concerns about Wood-Destroying Insect (WDI) inspections and reports performed during the process of real estate transactions. Based on this fact, the Ohio Department of Agriculture and the Ohio Pest Control Association have collaborated to develop and implement a mandatory training program that will establish training guidelines and provide uniform inspection procedures for all individuals performing WDI inspections and uniform guidelines for reporting the results of these inspections for real estate transactions.
    [Show full text]
  • New Data on the Occurence of Horntails in Poland (Hymenoptera, Symphyta: Siricidae)
    Available online at www.worldscientificnews.com WSN 136 (2019) 241-246 EISSN 2392-2192 SHORT COMMUNICATION New data on the occurence of horntails in Poland (Hymenoptera, Symphyta: Siricidae) Borowski Jerzy1,*, Marczak Dawid2, Szawaryn Karol3, Kwiatkowski Adam4, Cieślak Rafał1, Buchholz Lech5 1Department of Forest Protection and Ecology, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, ul. Nowoursynowska 159/34, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland 2Kampinos National Park, ul. Tetmajera 38, 05-080 Izabelin, Poland University of Ecology and Management in Warsaw, ul. Olszewska 12, 00-792 Warsaw, Poland 3Museum and Institute of Zoology, Polish Academy of Sciences, ul. Wilcza 64, 00-679 Warsaw, Poland 4Regional Directorate of the State Forests in Białystok, ul. Lipowa 51, 15-424 Białystok, Poland Bialystok University of Technology, ul. Wiejska 54A, 15-351 Białystok, Poland 5Świętokrzyski National Park, ul. Suchedniowska 4, 26-010 Bodzentyn, Poland *E-mail address: [email protected] ABSTRACT The paper presents new data on the occurrence of 6 sawflies species of the Siricidae family, on the territory of Poland. New faunistic data was supplemented with elements of bionomics and information on geographical distribution of particular species. Keywords: Hymenoptera, Symphyta, sawflies, Siricidae, funistic data, Poland ( Received 28 September 2019; Accepted 10 October 2019; Date of Publication 15 October 2019 ) World Scientific News 136 (2019) 241-246 INTRODUCTION Horntails (Siricidae) is one of Symphyta families rather poor in species number, represented in Poland by 10 species (Borowski & al. 2019). Most of them are trophically connected with coniferous trees, while only the species of Tremex Jurine genus live on deciduous trees. Horntails are classified as xylophages, i.e. the insects whose total development, from egg laying to the occurrence of imagines, takes place in wood.
    [Show full text]
  • Asian Giant Hornet in Washington State
    ASIAN GIANT HORNET IN WASHINGTON STATE PEST PROGRAM INTRODUCTION ASIAN Asian giant hornet (Vespa mandarinia) is the world’s largest hornet. The hornet is native to Asia, and has GIANT been recorded from Japan, Korea, Russia, China, and several other countries. In December 2019, WSDA HORNET verified the first ever sightings of Asian giant hornet in the United States. If Asian giant hornet becomes Asian giant hornet (AGH) is a predatory wasp that established, it could feeds on a wide variety of insects. The introduction have serious impacts of this species is of major concern to agriculture on the environment, because of its predation on honeybees - a few Asian economy, and giant hornets can kill an entire beehive in a matter public health of of hours. If unmanaged they could significantly Washington State. increase costs for beekeepers and potentially disrupt pollination services. They could also impact other local insect populations. While AGH does not generally attack people or pets, they can sting when threatened. If it becomes established, this hornet could have serious impacts on the environment, economy, and public health of Washington State. Some of the Asian giant hornet specimens WSDA recovered during eradication of a nest in Blaine, WA - the first ever nest found in the U.S. ASIAN GIANT HORNET | 1 identification • Usually 1.5 - 2 inches in length, with queens being substantially larger than workers or males • Large orange/yellow head with prominent eyes • Black and orange/yellow striped abdomen • Forms large colonies that usually nest in the ground, although sometimes in tree cavities lookalikes • Western cicada killers are mostly rust-orange colored and have yellow spots on the abdomen.
    [Show full text]
  • THE SIRICID WOOD WASPS of CALIFORNIA (Hymenoptera: Symphyta)
    Uroce r us californ ic us Nott on, f ema 1e. BULLETIN OF THE CALIFORNIA INSECT SURVEY VOLUME 6, NO. 4 THE SIRICID WOOD WASPS OF CALIFORNIA (Hymenoptera: Symphyta) BY WOODROW W. MIDDLEKAUFF (Department of Entomology and Parasitology, University of California, Berkeley) UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA PRESS BERKELEY AND LOS ANGELES 1960 BULLETIN OF THE CALIFORNIA INSECT SURVEY Editors: E. G: Linsley, S. B. Freeborn, P. D. Hurd, R. L. Usinget Volume 6, No. 4, pp. 59-78, plates 4-5, frontis. Submitted by editors October 14, 1958 Issued April 22, 1960 Price, 50 cents UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA PRESS BERKELEY AND LOS ANGELES CALIFORNIA CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY PRESS LONDON, ENGLAND PRINTED BY OFFSET IN THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA THE SIRICID WOOD WASPS OF CALIFORNIA (Hymenoptera: Symphyta) BY WOODROW W. MIDDLEKAUFF INTRODUCTION carpeting. Their powerful mandibles can even cut through lead sheathing. The siricid wood wasps are fairly large, cylin- These insects are widely disseminated by drical insects; usually 20 mm. or more in shipments of infested lumber or timber, and length with the head, thorax, and abdomen of the adults may not emerge until several years equal width. The antennae are long and fili- have elapsed. Movement of this lumber and form, with 14 to 30 segments. The tegulae are timber tends to complicate an understanding minute. Jn the female the last segment of the of the normal distribution pattern of the spe- abdomen bears a hornlike projection called cies. the cornus (fig. 8), whose configuration is The Nearctic species in the family were useful for taxonomic purposes. This distinc- monographed by Bradley (1913).
    [Show full text]
  • Insects That Feed on Trees and Shrubs
    INSECTS THAT FEED ON COLORADO TREES AND SHRUBS1 Whitney Cranshaw David Leatherman Boris Kondratieff Bulletin 506A TABLE OF CONTENTS DEFOLIATORS .................................................... 8 Leaf Feeding Caterpillars .............................................. 8 Cecropia Moth ................................................ 8 Polyphemus Moth ............................................. 9 Nevada Buck Moth ............................................. 9 Pandora Moth ............................................... 10 Io Moth .................................................... 10 Fall Webworm ............................................... 11 Tiger Moth ................................................. 12 American Dagger Moth ......................................... 13 Redhumped Caterpillar ......................................... 13 Achemon Sphinx ............................................. 14 Table 1. Common sphinx moths of Colorado .......................... 14 Douglas-fir Tussock Moth ....................................... 15 1. Whitney Cranshaw, Colorado State University Cooperative Extension etnomologist and associate professor, entomology; David Leatherman, entomologist, Colorado State Forest Service; Boris Kondratieff, associate professor, entomology. 8/93. ©Colorado State University Cooperative Extension. 1994. For more information, contact your county Cooperative Extension office. Issued in furtherance of Cooperative Extension work, Acts of May 8 and June 30, 1914, in cooperation with the U.S. Department of Agriculture,
    [Show full text]
  • An Introduction to Some Common Natural Enemies of Insect/Mite Pests in Colorado Natural Controls
    An Introduction to Some Common Natural Enemies of Insect/Mite Pests in Colorado Natural Controls Natural Enemies Abiotic (Weather) Controls Topographic Limitations N Natural Enemies • Predators • Parasitoids • Pathogens Recognize so you can work with (and avoid working against) existing natural controls Life Styles of the Swift and Vicious Characteristics of Insect Predators • Immature stages actively hunt prey • Several prey are consumed in the course of development • Adults may or may not have similar food needs as immature form Some Common Arthropod Predators • Lady beetles • Assassin bugs • Ground beetles • Predatory stink • Lacewings bugs • Flower flies • Minute pirate bugs • Robber flies • Predatory thrips • Mantids • Predatory mites • All spiders a.k.a. “ladybug”, “ladybird” Most lady beetle adults are brightly colored Pinkspotted lady beetle Coleomegilla maculata A species that feeds mostly on eggs and larvae of beetles LeConte’s giant lady beetle Anatis lecontei A species that feeds on aphids and mealybugs on trees Upper left: Coccidophilus, a scale predator Lower left: Olla sp., a grey colored lady beetle of forests Below: Chilochorus sp., a predator of various scales The “bad apple” of the lady beetle clan Eggs Adult Life cycle of the Mexican bean beetle Larva Pupa Adults Eggs Lady Beetle Life Stages Pupae Lady beetles lay masses of eggs near sources of food for their young Lady beetles with egg masses Lady beetle larvae at egg hatch Lady beetle larvae Predators of small soft- bodied arthropods (aphids etc…) Some odd looking
    [Show full text]
  • Technical Series, No
    ' ' Technical Series, No. 20, Part II. U. S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE, BXJRE^TJ OK' TClSrTOM:OIL.OG^Y. L, 0. HOWARD, Entomologist and Chief of Bureau. TECHNICAL PAPERS ON MISCELLANEOUS .FOREST INSECTS. II. THE GENOTYPES OF THE SAWFLIES AND WOODWASPS, OR THE SUPERFAMILY TENTHKEDINOIDEA. S. A. ROHWER, Agent and Expert. Issued M.\rch 4, 1911. WASHINGTON: GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE. 1911. Technical Series, No. 20, Part II. U. S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE. L. 0. HOWARD, Entomologist and Chief of Bureau. TECHNICAL PAPERS ON MISCELLANEOUS FOREST INSECTS. II. THE GENOTYPES OF THE SAWFLIES AND WOODWASPS, OR THE SUPERFAMILY TENTHREDINOIDEA. BY S. A. ROHWER, Agent and Expert. Issued Makch 4, 1911. WASHINGTON: GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE. 1911. B UREA U OF ENTOMOLOGY. L. O. Howard, Entomologist and Chief of Bureau. C. L. Marlatt, Entomologist and Acting Chief in Absence of Chief. R. S. Clifton, Executive Assistant. W. F. Tastet, Chief Clerk. F. H. Chittenden, in charge of truck crop and stored product insect investigations. A. D. Hopkins, in charge offorest insect investigations. W. D. Hunter, in charge of southern field crop insect investigations. F. M. Webster, in charge of cereal and forage insect investigations. A. L. Quaintance, in charge of deciduous fruit insect investigations. E. F. Phillips, in charge of bee culture. D. M. Rogers, in charge of preventing spread of moths, field -work. RoLLA P. Currie, in charge of editorial work. Mabel Colcord, librarian. , Forest Insect Investigations. A. D. Hopkins, in charge. H. E. Burke, J. L. Webb, Josef Brunner, S. A. Rohwer, T. E. Snyder, W. D. Edmonston, W. B. Turner, agents and experts.
    [Show full text]
  • Commodity Risk Assessment of Black Pine (Pinus Thunbergii Parl.) Bonsai from Japan
    SCIENTIFIC OPINION ADOPTED: 28 March 2019 doi: 10.2903/j.efsa.2019.5667 Commodity risk assessment of black pine (Pinus thunbergii Parl.) bonsai from Japan EFSA Panel on Plant Health (EFSA PLH Panel), Claude Bragard, Katharina Dehnen-Schmutz, Francesco Di Serio, Paolo Gonthier, Marie-Agnes Jacques, Josep Anton Jaques Miret, Annemarie Fejer Justesen, Alan MacLeod, Christer Sven Magnusson, Panagiotis Milonas, Juan A Navas-Cortes, Stephen Parnell, Philippe Lucien Reignault, Hans-Hermann Thulke, Wopke Van der Werf, Antonio Vicent Civera, Jonathan Yuen, Lucia Zappala, Andrea Battisti, Anna Maria Vettraino, Renata Leuschner, Olaf Mosbach-Schulz, Maria Chiara Rosace and Roel Potting Abstract The EFSA Panel on Plant health was requested to deliver a scientific opinion on how far the existing requirements for the bonsai pine species subject to derogation in Commission Decision 2002/887/EC would cover all plant health risks from black pine (Pinus thunbergii Parl.) bonsai (the commodity defined in the EU legislation as naturally or artificially dwarfed plants) imported from Japan, taking into account the available scientific information, including the technical information provided by Japan. The relevance of an EU-regulated pest for this opinion was based on: (a) evidence of the presence of the pest in Japan; (b) evidence that P. thunbergii is a host of the pest and (c) evidence that the pest can be associated with the commodity. Sixteen pests that fulfilled all three criteria were selected for further evaluation. The relevance of other pests present in Japan (not regulated in the EU) for this opinion was based on (i) evidence of the absence of the pest in the EU; (ii) evidence that P.
    [Show full text]
  • " ANI) HOSTS of SO"IE 1I0HNTAILS (SI Riel F)A F,,) in BH ITISII COLL'i BL\
    00 .T . '·;'TO \lO I.. Se .... BIUT. CO I.I · \""A. 64 (1967)' A UG. 1. 1967 OISTHIBlTIO," ANI) HOSTS OF SO"IE 1I0HNTAILS (SI Riel f)A f,,) IN BH ITISII COLL'I BL\ E. V. MORRIS I ABSTRACT Locality recol'ds and con iferous hosts of seven species of Siricidae in the genera Urocerus, Sirex and Xeris are recorded for British Columbia. Six species were reared from western larch. fi ve from alpine fir and only one or two from seven other hosts. The life cycle was one or two years and major emergence was betw('('n mid-July ami early August. Horntails are widely dis tributed in hosts, and dis tribution in British Co­ the coniferous forests of Ca nada, in­ lumbia. Adults are active during the festing conifers of low vigour, those s ummer a nd ovipost in the sapwood. damaged by fire or other agencies, The la rvae fe ed in the wood and take and recently felled trees . Little is one or more years to complete their known of their life history, habits, development to the adult stage. TABLE 1. Emergence period and length of life cycle of sc' ven species of horn tails from caged log sections of nine coniferous hosts, Vernon, B.C. 1924 - 1930 and 1964 - 1966 Trees Speci­ Emer­ Life Host sampled, Insect reared mens, gence cycle, no. no. period* yr. Weste rn 24 Sirex iuvencus californicus 1 Aug 30 1 larch (Ashm. ) Urocerus albicornis 8 .Jun 21 ~ 2 (F.) Jul 15 U. gigas flavicornis (L.) 1 Aug 10 1 U.
    [Show full text]
  • The Second North American Fossil Horntail Wood-Wasp (Hymenoptera: Siricidae), from the Early Eocene Green River Formation
    Zootaxa 4999 (4): 325–334 ISSN 1175-5326 (print edition) https://www.mapress.com/j/zt/ Article ZOOTAXA Copyright © 2021 Magnolia Press ISSN 1175-5334 (online edition) https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4999.4.2 http://zoobank.org/urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:4DD55A91-8739-4AC5-9208-36B7DF7AF22F The second North American fossil horntail wood-wasp (Hymenoptera: Siricidae), from the early Eocene Green River Formation S. BRUCE ARCHIBALD1, ARVID AASE2 & ANDRÉ NEL3 1Department of Biological Sciences, Simon Fraser University, 8888 University Drive, Burnaby, British Columbia, V5A 1S6, Canada; and Museum of Comparative Zoology, 26 Oxford Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts, 02138, United States of America; and Royal Brit- ish Columbia Museum, 65 Belleville Street, Victoria, British Columbia, V8W 9W2, Canada. [email protected]; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4397-2497 2Fossil Butte National Monument, 864 Chicken Creek Road, Kemmerer, WY 83101, Wyoming, USA. [email protected]; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2433-9004 3Institut de Systématique, Évolution, Biodiversité (ISYEB) Muséum national d’Histoire naturelle, CNRS, Sorbonne Université, EPHE, Université des Antilles, CP50, 57 rue Cuvier 75005 Paris, France. [email protected]; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4241-7651 Abstract Eoteredon lacoi gen. et sp. nov., is described from the early Eocene Green River Formation in Wyoming, the second fossil siricid genus and species described from North America. We propose Eoteredon as sister to the genus Teredon, whose sole species is one of the rarest of extant Siricidae. The majority of siricids today inhabit temperate Northern Hemisphere forests; Teredon cubensis, however, is one of its few species that live in megathermal tropical lowlands.
    [Show full text]
  • And Type the TITLE of YOUR WORK in All
    TRAPPING METHODS FOR LARGE WOODBORING INSECTS IN SOUTHEASTERN U.S. FORESTS by BRITTANY FRANCES BARNES (Under the Direction of Kamal J.K Gandhi) ABSTRACT Large woodboring insects (Buprestidae, Cerambycidae, Elateridae, and Siricidae) are ecologically and/or economically important in the southeastern U.S. forests. Surveys are conducted annually in the region to monitor populations of native and exotic woodboring beetle species. My research objectives were as follows: 1) to assess the efficacy of various trapping techniques for surveying of native siricids (woodwasps) and their hymenopteran parasitoids in southeastern pine (Pinus spp.) stands; and 2) to determine the effect of lure placement on modified funnel traps on capturing efficiency of large woodboring beetles. Creating trap-logs at the peak flight of siricids (early November) and using fresh pine billets with an intercept panel trap were the most efficient methods for trapping native siricids and their hymenopteran parasitoids. A modified funnel trap with lures hanging on the inside of the trap maximized the catches and diversity of cerambycid and elaterid beetles. INDEX WORDS: Buprestidae, Cerambycidae, Elateridae, hymenopteran parasitoids, Pinus spp., semiochemical lures, Siricidae, Southeastern U.S., trapping, woodboring insects TRAPPING METHODS FOR LARGE WOODBORING INSECTS IN SOUTHEASTERN U.S. FORESTS by BRITTANY FRANCES BARNES BSFR., University of Georgia, 2009 A Thesis Submitted to the Graduate Faculty of The University of Georgia in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree MASTER OF SCIENCE ATHENS, GEORGIA 2012 © 2012 Brittany Frances Barnes All Rights Reserved TRAPPING METHODS FOR LARGE WOODBORING INSECTS IN THE SOUTHEASTERN U.S. FORESTS by BRITTANY FRANCES BARNES Major Professor: Kamal J.K Gandhi Committee: Jeffrey F.D.
    [Show full text]