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The Ecology, Behavior, and Biological Control Potential of Hymenopteran Parasitoids of Woodwasps (Hymenoptera: Siricidae) in North America
REVIEW:BIOLOGICAL CONTROL-PARASITOIDS &PREDATORS The Ecology, Behavior, and Biological Control Potential of Hymenopteran Parasitoids of Woodwasps (Hymenoptera: Siricidae) in North America 1 DAVID R. COYLE AND KAMAL J. K. GANDHI Daniel B. Warnell School of Forestry and Natural Resources, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602 Environ. Entomol. 41(4): 731Ð749 (2012); DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1603/EN11280 ABSTRACT Native and exotic siricid wasps (Hymenoptera: Siricidae) can be ecologically and/or economically important woodboring insects in forests worldwide. In particular, Sirex noctilio (F.), a Eurasian species that recently has been introduced to North America, has caused pine tree (Pinus spp.) mortality in its non-native range in the southern hemisphere. Native siricid wasps are known to have a rich complex of hymenopteran parasitoids that may provide some biological control pressure on S. noctilio as it continues to expand its range in North America. We reviewed ecological information about the hymenopteran parasitoids of siricids in North America north of Mexico, including their distribution, life cycle, seasonal phenology, and impacts on native siricid hosts with some potential efÞcacy as biological control agents for S. noctilio. Literature review indicated that in the hymenop- teran families Stephanidae, Ibaliidae, and Ichneumonidae, there are Þve genera and 26 species and subspecies of native parasitoids documented from 16 native siricids reported from 110 tree host species. Among parasitoids that attack the siricid subfamily Siricinae, Ibalia leucospoides ensiger (Norton), Rhyssa persuasoria (L.), and Megarhyssa nortoni (Cresson) were associated with the greatest number of siricid and tree species. These three species, along with R. lineolata (Kirby), are the most widely distributed Siricinae parasitoid species in the eastern and western forests of North America. -
Effects of Prescribed Fire and Fire Surrogates on Pollinators and Saproxylic Beetles in North Carolina and Alabama
EFFECTS OF PRESCRIBED FIRE AND FIRE SURROGATES ON POLLINATORS AND SAPROXYLIC BEETLES IN NORTH CAROLINA AND ALABAMA by JOSHUA W. CAMPBELL (Under the Direction of James L. Hanula) ABSTRACT Pollinating and saproxylic insects are two groups of forest insects that are considered to be extremely vital for forest health. These insects maintain and enhance plant diversity, but also help recycle nutrients back into the soil. Forest management practices (prescribed burns, thinnings, herbicide use) are commonly used methods to limit fuel build up within forests. However, their effects on pollinating and saproxylic insects are poorly understood. We collected pollinating and saproxylic insect from North Carolina and Alabama from 2002-2004 among different treatment plots. In North Carolina, we captured 7921 floral visitors from four orders and 21 families. Hymenoptera was the most abundant and diverse order, with Halictidae being the most abundant family. The majority of floral visitors were captured in the mechanical plus burn treatments, while lower numbers were caught on the mechanical only treatments, burn only treatments and control treatments. Overall species richness was also higher on mechanical plus burn treatments compared to other treatments. Total pollinator abundance was correlated with decreased tree basal area (r2=0.58) and increased percent herbaceous plant cover (r2=0.71). We captured 37,191 saproxylic Coleoptera in North Carolina, comprising 20 families and 122 species. Overall, species richness and total abundance of Coleoptera were not significantly different among treatments. However, total numbers of many key families, such as Scolytidae, Curculionidae, Cerambycidae, and Buprestidae, have higher total numbers in treated plots compared to untreated controls and several families (Elateridae, Cleridae, Trogositidae, Scolytidae) showed significant differences (p≤0.05) in abundance. -
ANNUAL REPORT 2020 Plant Protection & Conservation Programs
Oregon Department of Agriculture Plant Protection & Conservation Programs ANNUAL REPORT 2020 www.oregon.gov/ODA Plant Protection & Conservation Programs Phone: 503-986-4636 Website: www.oregon.gov/ODA Find this report online: https://oda.direct/PlantAnnualReport Publication date: March 2021 Table Tableof Contents of Contents ADMINISTRATION—4 Director’s View . 4 Retirements: . 6 Plant Protection and Conservation Programs Staff . 9 NURSERY AND CHRISTMAS TREE—10 What Do We Do? . 10 Christmas Tree Shipping Season Summary . 16 Personnel Updates . .11 Program Overview . 16 2020: A Year of Challenge . .11 New Rule . 16 Hawaii . 17 COVID Response . 12 Mexico . 17 Funding Sources . 13 Nursery Research Assessment Fund . 14 IPPM-Nursery Surveys . 17 Phytophthora ramorum Nursery Program . 14 National Traceback Investigation: Ralstonia in Oregon Nurseries . 18 Western Horticultural Inspection Society (WHIS) Annual Meeting . 19 HEMP—20 2020 Program Highlights . 20 2020 Hemp Inspection Annual Report . 21 2020 Hemp Rule-making . 21 Table 1: ODA Hemp Violations . 23 Hemp Testing . .24 INSECT PEST PREVENTION & MANAGEMENT—25 A Year of Personnel Changes-Retirements-Promotions High-Tech Sites Survey . .33 . 26 Early Detection and Rapid Response for Exotic Bark Retirements . 27 and Ambrosia Beetles . 33 My Unexpected Career With ODA . .28 Xyleborus monographus Early Detection and Rapid Response (EDRR) Trapping . 34 2020 Program Notes . .29 Outreach and Education . 29 Granulate Ambrosia Beetle and Other Wood Boring Insects Associated with Creosoting Plants . 34 New Detections . .29 Japanese Beetle Program . .29 Apple Maggot Program . .35 Exotic Fruit Fly Survey . .35 2018 Program Highlights . .29 Japanese Beetle Eradication . .30 Grasshopper and Mormon Cricket Program . .35 Grasshopper Outbreak Response – Harney County . -
A Faunal Survey of the Elateroidea of Montana by Catherine Elaine
A faunal survey of the elateroidea of Montana by Catherine Elaine Seibert A thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science in Entomology Montana State University © Copyright by Catherine Elaine Seibert (1993) Abstract: The beetle family Elateridae is a large and taxonomically difficult group of insects that includes many economically important species of cultivated crops. Elaterid larvae, or wireworms, have a history of damaging small grains in Montana. Although chemical seed treatments have controlled wireworm damage since the early 1950's, it is- highly probable that their availability will become limited, if not completely unavailable, in the near future. In that event, information about Montana's elaterid fauna, particularity which species are present and where, will be necessary for renewed research efforts directed at wireworm management. A faunal survey of the superfamily Elateroidea, including the Elateridae and three closely related families, was undertaken to determine the species composition and distribution in Montana. Because elateroid larvae are difficult to collect and identify, the survey concentrated exclusively on adult beetles. This effort involved both the collection of Montana elateroids from the field and extensive borrowing of the same from museum sources. Results from the survey identified one artematopid, 152 elaterid, six throscid, and seven eucnemid species from Montana. County distributions for each species were mapped. In addition, dichotomous keys, and taxonomic and biological information, were compiled for various taxa. Species of potential economic importance were also noted, along with their host plants. Although the knowledge of the superfamily' has been improved significantly, it is not complete. -
Sirex Noctilio
O R E ST E ST PE C IE S R O FIL E F P S P November 2007 Sirex noctilio Fabricius, 1793 Other scientific names: Sirex melanocerus Thomson, 1871; Paururus noctilio Order and Family: Hymenoptera: Siricidae Common names: European woodwasp; sirex; sirex woodwasp; steel-blue horntail Sirex noctilio is a major global threat to forests and the forest sector causing considerable damage and costs for control. In 1900, this pest was reported from New Zealand which represented the first time it was recorded outside of its native range. Since then it has gradually spread around the globe – to Australia in the 1960s, Latin America and the Caribbean in the 1980s, Africa in the 1990s and North America in this decade. Adult sirex woodwasps – male (L), female (R) (Photos: David R. Lance, USDA APHIS PPQ, Bugwood.org) DISTRIBUTION Native: Europe, Asia, northern Africa (Algeria, Morocco, Tunisia) Introduced: Africa: South Africa (1994) Asia and the Pacific: Australia (1961), New Zealand (1900), Tasmania (1952) Latin America and the Caribbean: Argentina (1985), Brazil (1988), Chile (2001), Uruguay (1980) North America: Canada (2005), US (2004) IDENTIFICATION Eggs are cylindrical, creamy white and approximately 0.30-0.35 mm wide and 1.35-1.56 mm long (Ciesla, 2003b). Larvae are creamy white in colour, legless with a distinctive dark spine at the posterior end (TPCP, n.d.). Length varies but larvae can reach up to 30 mm in length. Adult wasps are metallic blue-black in colour with two pairs of clear yellow membranous wings, black antennae and an upturned, spear-shaped spine or plate (cornus) at the end of the abdomen (TPCP, n.d.; W alker, 2006). -
Arthropods of Elm Fork Preserve
Arthropods of Elm Fork Preserve Arthropods are characterized by having jointed limbs and exoskeletons. They include a diverse assortment of creatures: Insects, spiders, crustaceans (crayfish, crabs, pill bugs), centipedes and millipedes among others. Column Headings Scientific Name: The phenomenal diversity of arthropods, creates numerous difficulties in the determination of species. Positive identification is often achieved only by specialists using obscure monographs to ‘key out’ a species by examining microscopic differences in anatomy. For our purposes in this survey of the fauna, classification at a lower level of resolution still yields valuable information. For instance, knowing that ant lions belong to the Family, Myrmeleontidae, allows us to quickly look them up on the Internet and be confident we are not being fooled by a common name that may also apply to some other, unrelated something. With the Family name firmly in hand, we may explore the natural history of ant lions without needing to know exactly which species we are viewing. In some instances identification is only readily available at an even higher ranking such as Class. Millipedes are in the Class Diplopoda. There are many Orders (O) of millipedes and they are not easily differentiated so this entry is best left at the rank of Class. A great deal of taxonomic reorganization has been occurring lately with advances in DNA analysis pointing out underlying connections and differences that were previously unrealized. For this reason, all other rankings aside from Family, Genus and Species have been omitted from the interior of the tables since many of these ranks are in a state of flux. -
BOLMIN-THESIS-2017.Pdf
©Copyright 2017 Ophélia Bolmin OBSERVING AND MODELLING THE LEGLESS JUMPING MECHANISM OF CLICK BEETLES FOR BIO-INSPIRED ROBOTIC DESIGN BY OPHELIA BOLMIN THESIS Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science in Aerospace Engineering in the Graduate College of the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 2017 Urbana, Illinois Adviser: Assistant Professor Aimy Wissa Abstract Click beetles (Coleoptera: Elateridae) have evolved a unique jumping mechanism to right themselves when on their dorsal side without using their legs or any other appendages. This work describes and analyzes the stages of the click beetle jump using high-speed video recordings and scanning electron micrographs of six beetle species, namely Alaus oculatus, Ampedus linteus, Hemicrepidius sp., Melanactes sp., Melanotus spp. and Parallelosthetus attenuatus. The jump of the click beetle is divided into three consecutive stages: the pre-jump stage (energy storage), and the take-off and airborne stages (energy release). Morphological measurements of the previously mentioned species as well as three additional species, namely Agriotes sp., Athous sp. and Lacon discoideus are taken, and isometric scaling across the species is observed. The body of the click beetle is considered as two masses linked by a hinge. Dynamic and kinematic models of the jump stages are developed. Non-dimensional analysis of the airborne stage is used to analyze the jump and identify the contribution of kinematic and morphological governing parameters. An energetics model is developed to describe the energy exchanges between the three stages of the jump. Kinematic and dynamic models are used to calculate the hinge stiffness and the elastic energy stored in the body during the jump. -
Department of Environmental and Forest Biology Annual Report Summer 2016 Academic Year 2016
Department of Environmental and Forest Biology Annual Report Summer 2016 Academic Year 2016 – 2017 Donald J. Leopold Chair, Department of Environmental and Forest Biology SUNY-ESF 1 Forestry Drive Syracuse, NY 13210 Email: [email protected]; ph: (315) 470-6760 August 15, 2017 1 TABLE OF CONTENTS Introduction . .4 Overview to Annual Report . 4 Building(s) . 6 Teaching . 6 Summary of main courses taught by faculty members . .6 Course teaching load summary by faculty members . 10 Undergraduate student advising loads . 12 Curriculum changes . 12 Undergraduate students enrolled in each EFB major . 12 Listing of awards and recognition . 13 Undergraduate Recruitment Efforts . .13 Student Learning Outcomes Assessment . .14 Research/Scholarship . .14 Summary of publications/presentations . .14 Science Citation Indices . 14 Most Cited Publication of Each EFB Faculty Member . 18 Summary of grant activity . 20 Patents and Patent Applications . 22 Listing of awards and recognition . 22 Outreach and Service . 22 Service to the department, college, and university . 22 Enumeration of outreach activities . 22 Summary of grant panel service . 23 Number of journal manuscripts reviewed by faculty. 23 Summary of journal editorial board service. 23 Listing of awards and recognition . 24 Service Learning . 24 Graduate Students. .26 Number of students by degree objectives . 26 Graduate student national fellowships/awards . 26 Graduate recruitment efforts . 26 Graduate student advising . 28 2 Courses having TA support and enrollment in each . .28 Graduate Program Accomplishments – Miscellaneous. .29 Governance and Administrative Structure . .. .29 Components. .29 Supporting offices, committees, directors, and coordinators . .30 Budget . .32 State budget allocations . .32 Funds Generated by Summer Courses and Grad Tuition Incentive Program . -
THE SIRICID WOOD WASPS of CALIFORNIA (Hymenoptera: Symphyta)
Uroce r us californ ic us Nott on, f ema 1e. BULLETIN OF THE CALIFORNIA INSECT SURVEY VOLUME 6, NO. 4 THE SIRICID WOOD WASPS OF CALIFORNIA (Hymenoptera: Symphyta) BY WOODROW W. MIDDLEKAUFF (Department of Entomology and Parasitology, University of California, Berkeley) UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA PRESS BERKELEY AND LOS ANGELES 1960 BULLETIN OF THE CALIFORNIA INSECT SURVEY Editors: E. G: Linsley, S. B. Freeborn, P. D. Hurd, R. L. Usinget Volume 6, No. 4, pp. 59-78, plates 4-5, frontis. Submitted by editors October 14, 1958 Issued April 22, 1960 Price, 50 cents UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA PRESS BERKELEY AND LOS ANGELES CALIFORNIA CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY PRESS LONDON, ENGLAND PRINTED BY OFFSET IN THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA THE SIRICID WOOD WASPS OF CALIFORNIA (Hymenoptera: Symphyta) BY WOODROW W. MIDDLEKAUFF INTRODUCTION carpeting. Their powerful mandibles can even cut through lead sheathing. The siricid wood wasps are fairly large, cylin- These insects are widely disseminated by drical insects; usually 20 mm. or more in shipments of infested lumber or timber, and length with the head, thorax, and abdomen of the adults may not emerge until several years equal width. The antennae are long and fili- have elapsed. Movement of this lumber and form, with 14 to 30 segments. The tegulae are timber tends to complicate an understanding minute. Jn the female the last segment of the of the normal distribution pattern of the spe- abdomen bears a hornlike projection called cies. the cornus (fig. 8), whose configuration is The Nearctic species in the family were useful for taxonomic purposes. This distinc- monographed by Bradley (1913). -
The Sirex Woodwasp, Sirex Noctilio: Pest in North America May Be the Ecology, Potential Impact, and Management in the Southeastern U.S
SREF-FH-003 June 2016 woodwasp has not become a major The Sirex woodwasp, Sirex noctilio: pest in North America may be the Ecology, Potential Impact, and Management in the Southeastern U.S. many insects that are competitors or natural enemies. Some of these insects compete for resources AUTHORED BY: LAUREL J. HAAVIK AND DAVID R. COYLE (e.g. native woodwasps, bark and ambrosia beetles, and longhorned beetles) while others (e.g.parasitoids) are natural enemies and use Sirex woodwasp larvae as hosts. However, should the Sirex woodwasp arrive in the southeastern U.S., with its abundant pine plantations and areas of natural pine, this insect could easily be a major pest for the region. Researchers have monitored and tracked Sirex woodwasp populations since its discovery in North America. The most common detection tool is a flight intercept trap (Fig. 2a) baited with a synthetic chemical lure that consists of pine scents (70% α-pinene, 30% β-pinene) or actual pine branches (Fig. 2b). Woodwasps are attracted to the odors given off by the lure or cut pine branches, and as they fly toward the scent they collide with the sides of the trap and drop Figure 1. The high density of likely or confirmed pine (Pinus spp.) hosts of the Sirex woodwasp suggests the southeastern U.S. may be heavily impacted should this non-native insect become into the collection cup at the bottom. established in this region. The collection cup is usually filled with a liquid (e.g. propylene glycol) that acts as both a killing agent and Overview and Detection preservative that holds the insects until they are collected. -
Scrub Oak Preserve Animal Checklist Volusia County, Florida
Scrub Oak Preserve Animal Checklist Volusia County, Florida Accipitridae Cervidae Cooper's Hawk Accipiter cooperii White-tailed Deer Odocoileus virginianus Red-tailed Hawk Buteo jamaicensis Red-shouldered Hawk Buteo lineatus Charadriidae Bald Eagle Haliaeetus leucocephalus Killdeer Charadrius vociferus Acrididae Corvidae American Bird Grasshopper Schistocerca americana Scrub Jay Aphelocoma coerulescens American Crow Corvus brachyrhynchos Agelenidae Fish Crow Corvus ossifragus Grass Spider Agelenopsis sp. Blue Jay Cyanocitta cristata Anatidae Dactyloidae Wood Duck Aix sponsa Cuban Brown Anole Anolis sagrei Blattidae Elateridae Florida woods cockroach Eurycotis floridana Eyed Click Beetle Alaus oculatus Bombycillidae Emberizidae Cedar Waxwing Bombycilla cedrorum Eastern Towhee Pipilo erythrophthalmus Cardinalidae Eumenidae Northern Cardinal Cardinalis cardinalis Paper wasp Polistes sp. Cathartidae Formicidae Turkey Vulture Cathartes aura Carpenter ants Camponotus sp. Black Vulture Coragyps atratus Fire Ant Solenopsis invicta Certhiidae Fringillidae Blue-gray Gnatcatcher Polioptila caerulea American Goldfinch Carduelis tristis Geomyidae Phalacrocoracidae Southeastern Pocket Gopher Geomys pinetis Double-crested Cormorant Phalacrocorax auritus Gruidae Picidae Sandhill Crane Grus canadensis Northern Flicker Colaptes auratus Pileated Woodpecker Dryocopus pileatus Hesperiidae Red-bellied Woodpecker Melanerpes carolinus Duskywing Erynnis sp. Downy Woodpecker Picoides pubescens Hirundinidae Polychrotidae Tree Swallow Tachycineta bicolor Green Anole -
Megarhyssa Spp., the Giant Ichneumons (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae) Ilgoo Kang, Forest Huval, Chris Carlton and Gene Reagan
Megarhyssa spp., The Giant Ichneumons (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae) Ilgoo Kang, Forest Huval, Chris Carlton and Gene Reagan Description Megarhyssa adults comprises combinations of bluish black, Giant ichneumons are members of the most diverse dark brown, reddish brown and/or bright yellow. Female family of wasps in the world (Ichneumonidae), and are members of the species M. atrata, possess distinct bright the largest ichneumonids in Louisiana. Female adults are yellow heads with nearly black bodies and black wings, 1.5 to 3 inches (35 to 75 mm), and male adults are 0.9 to easily distinguishing them from the other three species. In 1.6 inches (23 to 38 mm) in body length. Females can be the U.S. and Canada, four species of giant ichneumons can easily distinguished from males as they possess extremely be found, three of which are known from Louisiana, M. long, slender egg-laying organs called ovipositors that are atrata, M. macrurus and M. greenei. Species other than M. much longer than their bodies. When the ovipositors are atrata require identification by specialists because of their included in body length measurements, the total length similar yellow- and brown-striped color patterns. ranges from 2 to 4 inches (50 to 100 mm). The color of Male Megarhyssa macrurus. Louisiana State Arthropod Museum specimen. Female Megarhyssa atrata. Louisiana State Arthropod Museum specimen. Visit our website: www.lsuagcenter.com Life Cycle References During spring, starting around April in Louisiana, male Carlson, Robert W. Family Ichneumonidae. giant ichneumons emerge from tree holes and aggregate Stephanidae. 1979. In: Krombein K. V., P.