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Sirex Cyaneus F K. HELLRIGL:Die blaue Holzwespe 33 vorzuziehen, wenn nicht schwerwiegende, betriebsorga- NOACK, S.; REICHMttTH, CH., 1978: Ein rechnerisches Verfah- nisatorische Probleme entgegenstehen. ren zur Bestimmung yon beliebigen Dosis-Werten eines Wirkstoffes aus empirisch ermittelten Dosis-Wirkungs-Da- Zusammenfassung ten. Mitt. Biol. Bundesanstalt f. Land- u. Forstwirtsch., Berlin-Dahlem, Heft 185. Die Uberlebensfihigkelt und -dauer von frisch geschIfipften PoTrER, C., 1935: An account of the constitution and use of an Mottenlarven der Tropischen Speichermotte (Epbestia cautella), atomised white oil -- pyrethrum fluid -- to control Plodia der D6rrobstmotte (Plodia interpunctella) und der Speicher- interpunctella Hb. an Epbestia elutella Hb. in warehouses. motte (Ephestia elutella) wurden bei Temperaturn yon 2~ 4~ 6~ Ann. appl. Biol. 22, 769--805. 8~ und 10 ~ untersucht. W~hrend die Larven yon bei E. cautella STRATIL, H.; REICHMUTH, CH., 1981: Mottenbefall an Sfiflwa- 10~ innerhalb yon 35 Tagen abget&et wurden, iiberhbten ten J Entwiekhng eines Kiihlverfahrens zur Beklimpfung Larven yon P. interpunctella bei 10 ~ und wurden erst bei 8 ~ yon Eiern der D6rrobstmotte (Plodia interpunctella). Mitt. innerhalb yon 21 Tagen abget&et. Larven yon E. elutella iiber- Biol. Bundesanstalt f. Land- u. Forstwirtsch., Berlin-Dah- lebten bei 8 ~ und wurden erst bei 6 ~ in > 35 Tagen abget6- lem, Heft 205. tet. Bei weiterer Temperatursenkung verkiirzte sich die Uberle- STr~TIL, H.; REICmaUTH, CH., 1984: r von bensdauer aller Larven. Bei allm~ihlicher Abk/Jhhng yon 10 ~ Eiern der vorratssch~idlichen Motten Epbestia cautella (Wlk.) iiberhbten Larven yon E. cautella um mehr als die Abk/ihlver- und Epbestia eluteUa (Hbn.) bei Temperaturen unterhalb z6gerung l~inger als nach abrupter Abkiihhng. ihres Entwicklungsminimums. In Vorbereitung. TZA-NAgaKIS,M.E., 1959: An ecological study of the Indian- Literaturverzeichnis meal moth Plodia interpunctella (Hiibner) with emphasis on BuRGEs, H.D., 1956: Some effects of the British climate and diapause. Hilgardia 29,. 205--246. constant temperatures on the life cycle of Ephestia cautella VINCErcr, L. E.; RUST, M. K.; LINDGRZN, D. L., 1980: Methyl (Walker), Bull. ent. Res. 46, 813--835. bromide toxlelty at various low temperatures and exposure Kumi~E, G., 1939: Beitfige zur Lebensweise und Bek/impfung periods to Angoumois grain moth and Indian meal moth in der Mehlmotte, Epbestia kiihniella Z. (Pyralidae, Phyciti- popcorn, J. Econ. Entomol. 73, 313--317. nae). Z. angew. Ent. 25, 568--608, WINSTON, P.W.; BATES, D.H., 1960: Saturated solutions for LzToRc'H, J.M., 1977: Le froid: moyen de protection contre the control of humidity in biological research. Ecology 41, les ravengeurs des denr6es stock&s. Essais de Laboratoire sur 232--237. les insectes des pruneaux. Rev. Zool. Agr. PathoL Vegetale 76, 109--117. MATHLEIN, R., 1961: Studies on some major storage pests in Sweden, with special reference to their cold resistance. Medd. VLxtskyddanst. Stockh. 12, 1---49. Anschrift der Verfasser: H. H. STV,aTXL und Dr. CH. REICH- MzI-IL, S., 1940: Die Widerstandsfiihigkeit der Raupen der MOTH, Biologische Bundesanstalt fiir Land- und Forstwirt- Heumotte (Epbestia elutella Hb.) gegen Frost. Anz. Sch~id- schaft, Institut fiir Vorratsschutz, K6nigin-Luise-Str. 19, D- lingskde. 16, 78~83. 1000 Berlin 33. Anz. Sch~idlingskde., Pflanzenschutz, Umweltschutz 57, 33--35 (1984) 1984, Verlag Paul Parey, Berlin und Hamburg ISSN 0340---7330/InterCode: ASUMDT Die blaue Holzwespe Sirex cyaneus F. (Hym., Siricidae) und der Tannendfister- k~ifer Serropalpus barbatus Schall. (Coleoptera, Serropalpidae) als technische Holzsch~idlinge an Tannen in SLidtirol Von K. HELLIUGL Mit 2 Abbildungen Abstract Bei der Untersuchung einer kleinen Gruppe abgestor- The blue wood wasp Sirex cyaneus F. (Hym., Siricidae) bener Tannen im Friihlingstal bei Kaltern (300m See- and the dark spruce beetle Serropalpus barbatus h/She), Ende Juli 1983, wurde an diesen, neben verschie- Schall. (Col., Serropalpidae) as technical pests in silver denen anderen Insekten, auch starker Befall durch tech- firs in South Tyrol nische Holzsch~idlinge festgestellt. In the summer of 1983 dead firs were found near Kaltern, Die seit mehreren Monaten abgestorbenen 80j~ihrigen South Tyrol, Italy attacked heavily by Sirex cyaneus (60 %) and Tannen wiesen unter der trockenen Stammrinde zahlrei- Serropalpus barbatus (40 %). The slipping holes of both species che ~iltere Befallsspuren vom Tannenriifller, Pissodes were identical. The numerous relation between females and piceae Illig., sowie frischeren Befall, d.h. Fraf~g~inge males of S. cynaea was 1 : 10. About 26 % of this species were mit jiingeren Larven eines Zangenbocks, Rhagiurn sp. parasitized by Ibalia leucospoides Hoch. (Cynip., Ibaliidae). Sirex cyaneus and Serropalpus barbatus must be considered as auf. In den Kronen~istern fanden sich zahlreiche, bereits important wood destroyers of silver firs. verlassene Brutgangsysteme des kleinen furchenfliigeli- U. S. CopyrightClearance Center Code Statement:0340--7330/84/5702--0033 $02.50/0 34 K. HELLRIGL: Die blaue Hohwespe gen Fichtenborkenk~ifers, Pityophthorus pityographus 12' (Ratz.). Daneben waren auf der gesamten Stamml~inge 10 [~ =73~ der Tannen allenthalben runde Ausflugl6cher sichtbar, die nur von Siriciden oder Serropalpiden stammen 8 konnten. 6 Nach Hllung einer dieser abgestorbenen, etwa 18m 4 hohen Tannen und probewelsen Aufspaltung eines Stammstiickes, wurden denn auch zahlreiche frischent- wickelte Imagines des Tannendiisterk~ifers Serropalpus lO 12 14 16 18 --~ 24 26 8 30 mm barbatus (Sehall.), sowie ausgewachsene Larven einer Holzwespe gefunden. Das Hohinnere war durch die Abb. 1. Gr6flenverteilungyon Sirex cyaneus Larvengiinge dieser technischen Holzsch~idlinge kreuz und quer derart stark durchzogen, dag es angebracht erschien, n~ihere Untersuchungen fiber die Befallsdichte 16 tr und andere Befallsumst~inde anzustellen. 14 Zu diesem Zwecke wurde ein 3 Meter langes Wipfel- stiick mit einem Basisdurehmesser von 14 cm und einem 12 Enddurchmesser yon 9cm eingetragen und in einen l0 Zuchtkasten gegeben. I Innerhalb eines Monats, d.h. bis Ende August, 6 schlfipften aus diesem Tannenwipfel 67 Imagines yon Serropalpus barbatus, zu denen im Laufe der beiden Monate August/September noch 80 Holzwespen hinzu- kamen. Oberraschenderweise handehe es sich bei den ge- " ; [ 31 schliipften Hohwespen ausschlieglieh um die blaue Parasiteu Hohwespe, Sirex cyaneus F. Hingegen trat die schwarze 4 Fichtenholzwespe, Xeris spectrum L., deren Befallsspu- 6 ren und Uberreste am selben Standort an ~iheren Wund- Abb. 2. Erscheinungszeitvon Sirex cyaneus stellen unterdriickter Tannen gefunden wurden, an die- sen abgestorbenen Tannen nicht auf. Die blaue Holzwespe, Sirex cyaneus ist nach Dr. Erstaunlieh war auch der festgestellte, relativ hohe W. SCHEDL (Innsbruck), der die Artbestimmung vor- Parasitierungsgrad yon 25,9 %, Als Parasiten der Larven nahm, eine hiiufige holarktische Art, die ursprfinglich schlfipften 28 Exemplare von Ibalia leucospoides Hoch. aus Nordamerika stammen diirfte. (Cynipoidea, Ibaliidae). Nach BENSON (1943) wurde Sirex cyaneus in Europa An weiteren Mortalit~itsfaktoren der Larven und Pup- lange Zeit mit ~ihnlichen heimischen Arten verwechselt. pen wurde Befall dutch Kugelbauchmilben sowie Verpil- SCHMIEDEKNECHT jedenfalls fiihrt diese Art in seinem zung dutch einen Griinsehimmel festgestellt. Standardwerk ,,Die Hymenopteren Mitteleuropas" Reehnet man geschliipfte Imagines (80), parasitierte (1907) noch nicht an. Auch MASUTTI-CovAssl (1978) Larven (28), sowie abget6tete oder abgestorbene Larven melden Erstfunde yon Sirex cyaneus fiir Italien und aus und Puppen (12) zusammen, so ergibt sieh f/ir das 3 m den Ostalpen, erst aus den Jahren 1958 und 1974. Naeh- lange Wipfelstiiek ein Gesamtbefall durch Sirex cyaneus weise iiber Vorkommen in Siidtirol sind mir nicht be- von 120 Individuen! Zu diesen kommen noch 67 Indivi- kannt. duen des Tannendiisterk~ifers, Serropalpus barbatus Die blaue Hohwespe Sirex cyaneus hat in beiden hinzu, die aus demselben Tannenhoh bereits friiher Gesehlechtern eine groge Ahnlichkeit mit Sirex (Pauru- geschliift waren. In diesen Zahlen noeh nicht beinhaltet rus) juvencus L., bei welcher jedoch die Basalhiilfte der sind die bei Untersuchungsbeginn bereits geschliipften Fiihler rotgelb gef~bt ist. Von der eben{alls ~ihnlichen Tiere (Flugl/Scher) die, dem in Abb. 2 wiedergegebenen Sirex noctilio F., mit welcher sie die zur Giinze schwar- Flugzeitablauf zufolge, vermutlich gr6gtenteils dem zen Ffihler gemein hat, unterscheidet sie sich beim 8 Tannendfisterkiifer zuzuschreiben sein dfirften. dadurch, dag das 4. bis 8. Hinterleibssegment gelbrot ist Indikative Unterseheidungsmerkmale zwischen den (bei S. noctilio F. hingegen das 3. bis 7.). Die Q 9 von Fraflbildern der Holzwespen und denen des Tannendii- Sirex eyaneus F. weisen im Unterschied zu denen der sterk~ifers konnten weder bei den Gangsystemen der vorgenannten Arten eine deutlich verschiedene metalli- Larven, noch hinsichtlich der Form und Gr6i~e der sche F~irbung von Brustteil und Kopf (griinlich-schwarz) runden Flugl6cher der Imagines (# = 3---4,5 mm) fest- gegeniiber der Hinterleibsfiirbung (blau-violett) auf. gesteih werden. Eine Vermessung der 80 geschliipften Exemplare yon Insgesamt l~igt sich die Befallsdichte des 3 m langen Sirex cyaneus, und zwar 73 8 d' und 7 9 9, ergab die in Tannenwipfels auf rund 200 Exemplare veranschlagen, Abbildung 1 dargestelhe Gr6f~enverteilung. wobei etwa 60 % auf
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