Cypermethrin Developmental Effects, As Well As Tumour Immunotoxic, Endocrine Uses: Synthetic Initiating and Promoting Disruptor; Later in Life Pyrethroid Insecticide

A PANAP Factsheet Series Highly Hazardous

Hazard to children: Pesticides acute poisoning, potential Cypermethrin developmental effects, as well as tumour immunotoxic, endocrine Uses: synthetic initiating and promoting disruptor; later in life pyrethroid insecticide. breast cancer, male potential” in studies on Related substances: reproductive problems, mice;13 breast cancer alpha- beta- and zeta- Parkinson’s disease risk.14 cypermethrin. Genotoxicity: Residues: in cord blood, genotoxic in human newborn’s meconium, cells.15 16 breast milk, house dust,

food, drinking water.1 2 Endocrine disruption: Acute toxicity: oestrogenic causing breast cancer cells to moderately toxic, 17 18 neurotoxin. Symptoms grow; disrupts testosterone production include: dizziness, 19 20 nausea, headaches, (mice); anti- 21 burning skin, tingling, progestagenic (cow). fatigue, anorexia, muscle twitching, Reproduction: seizures, coma. Asthma significant adverse

symptoms in susceptible effects on male rodent 22 people.3 Death from reproductive system, Pesticide Action contaminated food has reduces sperm 22 Network Asia and occurred.4 Children production and 23 the Pacific have been poisoned in motility; abnormal 24 Nicaragua1 and sperm (rabbits). P.O. Box 1170 Mexico.5 Common 10850 Penang, Malaysia Immune: suppresses cause of poisoning of 2 Tel: (604) 657 0271 / 656 farmers in Tanzania.6 immune system;

0381 Environmental effects: Fax: (604) 658 3960 Chronic toxicity: most frequent child chronic Aquatic: highly toxic to Email: [email protected] fish, algae, aquatic pesticide exposure in 2 Homepage: 7 invertebrates; fish kills UK. Chronic exposure 3 www.panap.net causes dysregulation of in US.

energy metabolism in Copyright ©Pesticide 8 Terrestrial: highly toxic mice. 2 Action Network Asia to bees, beneficial insects, earthworms.3 and the Pacific. All Neurological: rights reserved. Secondary poisoning of behavioural effects, birds from insects.3 Pesticide Action Network Asia delayed mental and the Pacific (PAN AP) development;9.10 altered encourages the reproduction Environmental fate: and use of this publication as dopamine activity in Severe marine pollutant; 11 long as PAN AP is properly brain (mice); groundwater and acknowledged as the source implicated in surface pollutant.25 and provided with Parkinson’s disease.11 12 Persistent in soil;2

Meriel Watts, PhD Potential for 2 June 2014 Cancer: US EPA bioaccumulation. possible human carcinogen, based on tumours in rodents. “Complete carcinogenic References: 9 Nasuti C, Gabbianelli R, 19 Gill SA, Rizvi F, Khan MZ, Falcioni ML, Di Stefano A, Sozio Khan A. 2011. Toxic effects of 1 Watts MA. 2013. Poisoning Our P, Cantalamessa F. 2007. cypermethrin and Future: Children and Pesticides. Dopaminergic system modulation, methamidophos on bovine Pesticide Action Network Asia & behavioral changes, and corpus luteal cells and the Pacific, Penang. oxidative stress after neonatal progesterone production. Exp administration of pyrethroids. Toxicol Pathol 63(1-2):131-5. 2 UNEP. 2012. Fact sheets on Toxicology 229(3):194-205. chemical alternatives to 10 20 endosulfan and DDT. Persistent Singh AK, Tiwari MN, Prakash Liu L, Hu JX, Wang H, Chen BJ, Organic Pollutants Review O, Singh MP. 2012. A current He Z, Xu LC. 2010 Effects of Committee. review of cypermethrin-induced beta-cypermethrin on male rat UNEP/POPS/POPRC.8/INF/13. neurotoxicity and nigrostriatal reproductive system. Environ dopaminergic neurodegeneration. Toxicol Pharmacol 30(3):251-6. 3 Curr Neuropharmacol 10(1):64- US EPA. 2008. Reregistration 21 Eligibility Decision for 71. Yuan C, Wang C, Gao SQ, Kong TT, Chen L, Li XF, Song L, Cypermethrin (revised 01/14/08). 11 Shukla Y, Yadav A, Arora A. Wang YB. 2010. Effects of 4.Poulos L. 1982. Acute 2002. Carcinogenic and permethrin, cypermethrin and 3- intoxication with cypermethrin cocarcinogenic potential of phenoxybenzoic acid on rat (NRDC 149). J Toxicol Clin cypermethrin on mouse skin. sperm motility in vitro evaluated Toxicol 19(5):519-20. Cancer Lett 182(1):33-41. with computer-assisted sperm analysis. Toxicol In Vitro 12 5 Martínez-Navarrete J, Loria- Watts MA. 2007. Pesticides & 24(2):382-6. Breast Cancer: A Wakeup Call. Castellanos J, Nava-Ocampo AA. 22 2008. Accidental poisoning with Pesticide Action Network Asia & Ahmad L, Khan A, Khan MZ, “Chinese chalk”. Acta Biomed the Pacific, Penang. Hussain I, Mahmood F, Sleemi MK, Lodhi LA, Abdullah I. 2012. 79(1):36-8. 13 Undeger U, Basaran N. 2005. Toxico-pathological effects of 6 Lekei E, Ngowi AV, London L. Effects of pesticides on human cypermethrin upon male 2014. Farmers’ knowledge, peripheral lymphocytes in vitro: reproductive system in rabbits. practices and injuries associated induction of DNA damage. Arch Pestic Biochem Physiol 103:194- with pesticide exposure in rural Toxicol 79(3):169-76. 201. farming villages in Tanzania. 14 23 BMC Public Health 14:389. Kocaman AY, Topaktaş M. IUPAC FOOTPRINT Pesticide 2009. The in vitro genotoxic Properties Database. 7 Perry L, Adams RD, Bennett AR, effects of a commercial http://sitem.herts.ac.uk/aeru/iupa Lupton DJ, Jackson G, Good AM, formulation of alpha-cypermethrin c/index.htm. Thomas SH, Vale JA, Thompson in human peripheral blood JP, Bateman DN, Eddleston M. lymphocytes. Environ Mol 2014. National toxicovigilance for Mutagen 50(1):27-36. pesticide exposures resulting in 15 health care contact – An example Chen H, Xiao J, Hu G, Zhou J, from the UK’s National Poisons Xiao H, Wang X. 2002. Information Service. Clin Toxicol Estrogenicity of [Epub April 16]. organophosphorus and pyrethroid pesticides. J Toxicol 8 Jin Y, Lin X, Miao W, Wu T, Environ Health A 65(19):1419-35.

Shen H, Chen S, Li Y, Pan Q, Fu 16 Z. 2014. Chronic exposure of Kakko I, Toimela T, Tahti H. mice to environmental endocrine- 2004. Oestradiol potentiates the disrupting chemicals disturbs effects of certain pyrethroid their energy metabolism. Toxicol compounds in the MCF7 human Lett 225(3):392-400. breast carcinoma cell line. Altern Lab Anim 32(4):383-90.

Oulhote Y, Bouchard MF. 2013. 17 Urinary metabolites of Jin Y, Wang L, Ruan M, Liu J, organophosphate and pyrethroid Yang Y, Zhou C, Xu B, Fu Z. pesticides and behavioral 2011. Cypermethrin exposure problems in Canadian children. during puberty induces Environ Health Perspect 121(11- oxidative stress and endocrine 12):1378-84. disruption in male mice. Chemosphere 84(1):124-130.

Xue Z, Li X, Su Q, Xu L, Zhang P, 18 Kong Z, Xu J, Teng J. 2013. Wang H, Wang Q, Zhao XF, Liu Effect of synthetic pyrethroid P, Meng XH, Yu T, Ji YL, Zhang pesticide exposure during H, Zhang C, Zhang Y, Xu DX. pregnancy on the growth and 2010. Cypermethrin exposure development of infants. Asia Pac during puberty disrupts J Public Health. 25(4 Suppl):72S- testosterone synthesis via 9S. downregulating StAR in mouse testes. Arch Toxicol 84(1):53-61.