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Interim Review of Chlorfenvinphos

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Interim Review of Chlorfenvinphos National Registration Authority for Agricultural and Veterinary Chemicals Section 3 AGRICULTURAL ASSESSMENT 1. INTRODUCTION........................................................................................................................ 6 1.1 Registration Status...................................................................................................................... 6 1.2 Methods of Application.............................................................................................................. 8 1.3 Permits..................................................................................................................................... 11 1.4 Performance Questionnaires ..................................................................................................... 11 2. EFFICACY ASSESSMENT....................................................................................................... 16 2.1 Background ............................................................................................................................. 16 2.2 Evaluation of Efficacy............................................................................................................... 16 2.3 Alternatives.............................................................................................................................. 16 2.4 Side Effects.............................................................................................................................. 18 2.5 Resistance Management ........................................................................................................... 18 2.6 Summary of Efficacy................................................................................................................. 19 3. RESIDUE ASSESSMENT.......................................................................................................... 21 3.1 Introduction.............................................................................................................................. 21 3.2 Australian and Codex MRLs .................................................................................................... 21 3.3 Use Patterns.............................................................................................................................. 23 3.4 Metabolism Studies.................................................................................................................. 24 3.4.1 Animal Metabolism Studies................................................................................................... 25 3.4.2 Plant metabolism Studies ...................................................................................................... 30 3.5 Analytical Methodology............................................................................................................ 31 3.6 Residue Definition..................................................................................................................... 32 3.7 Residue Trials........................................................................................................................... 32 3.7.1 Veterinary Uses.................................................................................................................... 32 3.7.2 Agricultural Uses.................................................................................................................. 44 3.8 Fat Solubility............................................................................................................................ 48 3.9 Fate of Residue in Storage and Processing................................................................................ 48 3.10 Residues in Food in Commerce or at Consumption............................................................... 48 3.11 Maximum Daily Intake Calculations ...................................................................................... 48 3.12 Overview and Discussion...................................................................................................... 49 4. TRADE ASSESSMENT............................................................................................................. 58 4.1 Background ............................................................................................................................... 58 4.2 Exports to Other Countries....................................................................................................... 58 4.3 Potential Trade Problems.......................................................................................................... 61 4.4 Overseas Registration Status..................................................................................................... 63 4.5 Export Slaughter/Harvest Intervals (ESIs) ................................................................................. 64 4.6 Data Submitted to Support Compliance with Overseas MRLs................................................... 65 4.7 Recent Residue Violations ........................................................................................................ 65 4.8 Authorities and Grower Views on Use...................................................................................... 66 RECOMMENDATIONS.................................................................................................................... 67 REFERENCES.................................................................................................................................... 69 Not to be used for commercial or registration purposes without the consent of the owner of the cited information The NRA Review of Chlorfenvinphos 1. INTRODUCTION 1.1 Registration Status There are 9 products containing chlorfenvinphos currently registered in Australia by 4 registrants and these are listed in the following table. Registered products containing chlorfenvinphos* Product Name Registrant Birlane 500 Insecticide (47478) Cyanamid Agriculture David Grays Aerosol Sheep Dressing (42259) David Gray & Co Pty Ltd Barricade ‘S’ Cattle Dip and Spray (45211) Fort Dodge Australia P/L Supona Buffalo Fly Insecticide (45594) Fort Dodge Australia P/L Defiance ‘S’ Insecticidal Fly Strike, Mules and Wound Dressing Fort Dodge Australia P/L (45736) Coopers Blockade ‘S’ Cattle Dip and Spray (46815) Schering-Plough Animal Health Coopers Suprex 100 Jetting Fluid (33428) Schering-Plough Animal Health WSD Jetting Fluid 100 Jetting Fluid for control of flystrike on Western Stock Distributors sheep (39576) WSD Aerosol Sheep Dressing (39575) Western Stock Distributors *Note: 1. This list does not include those products which have not been renewed by applicants but which are still permitted to be sold for two years to clear stocks. Chlorfenvinphos Technical Grade Active Constituents (TGACs) Active Constituent Approval Holder Chlorfenvinphos (44031) Cyanamid Agriculture Pty Ltd Chlorfenvinphos (46687) Australian Generics Pty Ltd Ectoparasite Treatments -Buffalo Fly (Cattle) Chlorfenvinphos alone is used for control of buffalo fly either as a backrubber treatment or as an overspray application. When used as a backrubber treatment, a mixture is prepared which consists of 1 L concentrate/20 L sump oil. Backrubbers are then charged at a rate of 20 mL prepared mixture per animal every three weeks. Instructions on the construction of suitable types of backrubbers are available to producers from the registrant company and respective State agricultural authorities. Backrubbers are also available from a small number of manufacturers. When applied as an overspray, chlorfenvinphos is used at the rate of 50 mL of a 0.4% w/v solution as a coarse spray. Adequate coverage is achieved by making 4 passes of the spray along the dorsal midline of each animal from neck to rump. Treatment intervals of 21 days are recommended during the buffalo fly season (November to April), with a minimum re-treatment interval of 10 days. The label recommends no more than 18 overspray treatments in any one year. Not to be used for commercial or registration purposes without the consent of the owner of the cited information National Registration Authority for Agricultural and Veterinary Chemicals Ectoparasite Treatments – Ticks (Cattle) Chlorfenvinphos, in combination with cypermethrin, gives excellent control of all known resistant tick strains except Parkhurst and Ultimo. This combination of chemicals also controls three host ticks and buffalo fly and may be used on beef and dairy cattle, horses, deer, sheep and goats by means of plunge dips, spray races or hand sprays. The working strength dilutions are prepared by diluting the concentrate to a 0.01% solution of cypermethrin. This results in a concentration of chlorfenvinphos of 0.055% in the prepared dip solution. Topping up is carried out at the rate of 1 L to each 185 L of water and should occur out before dip levels fall more than 2000 L or 300 L in spray races. In the past, dips have been stirred to ensure uniform concentration of the chemical in the dip by initially passing 20 - 25 cattle through the dip. These cattle are then re-dipped. However, because of concerns in relation to residue levels which may result from this practice, use of stirrer cattle has now been prohibited. Manual paddles or compressed air are now used to ensure that dips are properly mixed. Recirculating spray races are usually run for about 5 minutes before animals are treated. Recommended retreatment intervals vary between 10 and 21 days depending
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