Methoxychlor
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Cypermethrin
International Environmental Health Criteria 82 Cypermethrin Published under the joint sponsorship of the United Nations Environment Programme, the International Labour Organisation, and the World Health Organization WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION GENEVA 1989 Other titles available in the ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH CRITERIA series include: 1. Mercury 2. Polychlorinated Biphenyls and Terphenyls 3. Lead 4. Oxides of Nitrogen 5. Nitrates, Nitrites, and N-Nitroso Compounds 6. Principles and Methods for Evaluating the Toxicity of Chemicals, Part 1 7. Photochemical Oxidants 8. Sulfur Oxides and Suspended Particulate Matter 9. DDT and its Derivatives 10. Carbon Disulfide 11. Mycotoxins 12. Noise 13. Carbon Monoxide 14. Ultraviolet Radiation 15. Tin and Organotin Compounds 16. Radiofrequency and Microwaves 17. Manganese 18. Arsenic 19. Hydrogen Sulfide 20. Selected Petroleum Products 21. Chlorine and Hydrogen Chloride 22. Ultrasound 23. Lasers and Optical Radiation 24. Titanium 25. Selected Radionuclides 26. Styrene 27. Guidelines on Studies in Environmental Epidemiology 28. Acrylonitrile 29. 2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid (2,4-D) 30. Principles for Evaluating Health Risks to Progeny Associated with Exposure to Chemicals during Pregnancy 31. Tetrachloroethylene 32. Methylene Chloride 33. Epichlorohydrin 34. Chlordane 35. Extremely Low Frequency (ELF) Fields 36. Fluorine and Fluorides 37. Aquatic (Marine and Freshwater) Biotoxins 38. Heptachlor 39. Paraquat and Diquat 40. Endosulfan 41. Quintozene 42. Tecnazene 43. Chlordecone 44. Mirex continued on p. 156 -
Exposure of Phlebotomus Argentipes to Alpha-Cypermethrin, Permethrin, and DDT Using CDC Bottle Bioassays to Assess Insecticide Susceptibility
Utah State University DigitalCommons@USU Undergraduate Honors Capstone Projects Honors Program 5-2020 Exposure of Phlebotomus Argentipes to Alpha-Cypermethrin, Permethrin, and DDT Using CDC Bottle Bioassays to Assess Insecticide Susceptibility Jacob Rex Andersen Utah State University Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/honors Part of the Biology Commons Recommended Citation Andersen, Jacob Rex, "Exposure of Phlebotomus Argentipes to Alpha-Cypermethrin, Permethrin, and DDT Using CDC Bottle Bioassays to Assess Insecticide Susceptibility" (2020). Undergraduate Honors Capstone Projects. 485. https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/honors/485 This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the Honors Program at DigitalCommons@USU. It has been accepted for inclusion in Undergraduate Honors Capstone Projects by an authorized administrator of DigitalCommons@USU. For more information, please contact [email protected]. © 2020 Jacob Rex Andersen All Rights Reserved i Abstract Background: Insecticide resistance for sand flies is a concern since sand flies are vectors for Leishmania spp. parasites which cause leishmaniasis affecting millions of people each year. The CDC bottle bioassay is used to assess resistance by comparing known insecticide diagnostic doses and diagnostic times from an insecticide-susceptible population. The objective of this study was to determine diagnostic doses and diagnostic times for α-cypermethrin and the lethal dose for 50% and 90% mortality for α- cypermethrin, permethrin, and DDT for Phlebotomus argentipes. Methods: The CDC bottle bioassays were performed in 1,000 mL glass bottles with 15- 25 sand flies from a laboratory strain of insecticide-susceptible P. argentipes. A range of concentrations of α-cypermethrin, permethrin, and DDT were evaluated. -
Imported Fire Ant Shipper's Guide
TEXAS DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE COMMISSIONER SID MILLER PROCEDURE FOR SHIPPING IMPORTED FIRE ANT QUARANTINED ARTICLES TO IMPORTED FIRE ANT-FREE AREAS Contact the Texas Department of Agriculture prior to shipping Fire Ant Quarantined Articles to ensure compliance with state and federal IFA regulations and USDA approved quarantine treatment requirements. Treat shipments, premises and holding/shipping areas for IFA prior to compliance and shipment inspections. Recheck shipment [containers, bedding plants, balled & burlapped (B&B) trees, etc.] for IFA by observing ant activity (foraging, nesting, flying, etc.) and by baiting, beating containers or disturbing plant media. Ensure interior of truck container are thoroughly cleaned of soil, debris, and check for IFA by inspection and baiting, and treat for IFA, if necessary. Shipments to Arizona: Ship only to the Arizona Department of Agriculture (AZDA) approved holding areas. A list of AZDA approved holding areas is available at: https://agriculture.az.gov/approved-holding-areas-0. a. Each shipment must be certified for freedom from IFA (and Japanese beetle, which has similar pesticide treatment requirements). AZDA may decide to inspect the shipment on arrival. Container grown plants:* Use Immersion or Dip Treatment using bifenthrin or chlorpyrifos; Drench Treatment using bifenthrin or chlorpyrifos, or Granular Incorporation of bifenthrin, fipronil or tefluthrin. B&B tree shipments:* Use Immersion or Dip Treatment using bifenthrin or chlorpyrifos, or use Drench Treatment using chlorpyrifos. Grass sod shipments:* Use liquid bifenthrin or chlorpyrifos or granular fipronil for broadcast field applications Texas Department of Agriculture Biosecurity and Environmental Resource Management 3/16/17 Hay shipments:** Hay or straw in direct contact with soil is not eligible for movement out of the IFA quarantined area. -
US EPA, Pesticide Product Label, LIBERTY CHLORPYRIFOS
law UNITED STATES ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTIOc N AGENCY WASHINGTON, DC 20460 OFFICE OF CHEMICAL SAFETY AND POLLUTION PREVENTION «t PRO^" August 21,2014 Mr. Scott Baker . , \ Regulatory Agent Liberty Chlorpyrifos Bifenthrin 1966 W 15th Street, Suite 6 Loveland, CO 80538 Subject: Label Notification per PRN 98-10- Addition of Two Non-Public Health Pests Product Name: Liberty Chlorpyrifos Bifenthrin EPA Registration Number: 89168-20 Application Date: June 24, 2014 Decision Number: 493033 Dear Mr. Baker The Agency is in receipt of your Application for Pesticide Notification under Pesticide Registration Notice (PRN) 98-10 for the above referenced product. The Registration Division (RD) has conducted a review of this request for its applicability under PRN 98-10 and finds that the action requested falls within the scope of PRN 98-10. The label submitted with the application has been stamped "Notification" and will be placed in our records. If you have any questions, you may contact BeWanda Alexander at (703)305-7460 or via email [email protected]. Mark Soarez, Product Manager 13 Insecticide Branch Registration Division (7505P) Office of Pesticide Programs Tgjtg read iratruction* on nvone before comoi 'form. Form Approved MB No. 2070-O06O. Approval expires 2-28-85 United States Registration OPP Identifier Number Environmental Protection Agency Amendment &EPA Washington, DC 20460 Other Application for Pesticide - Section I 1. Company/Product Number 2. EPA Product Manager 3. Proposed Classification 89168-20 Gebken None Restricted 4. Company/Product (Name) PM# LIBERTY CHLORPYRIFOS BIFENTHRIN 10 5. Name and Address of Applicant (Include ZIP Code) 6. Expedited Reveiw. In accordance with FIFRA Section 3(c)(3) LIBERTY CROP PROTECTION, LLC (b)(i), my product is similar or identical in composition and labeling to: 1966 W 15th Street, Suite 6 EPA Reg. -
TITLE: Lindane and Other Treatments for Lice and Scabies: a Review of Clinical Effectiveness and Safety
TITLE: Lindane and Other Treatments for Lice and Scabies: A Review of Clinical Effectiveness and Safety DATE: 11 June 2010 CONTEXT AND POLICY ISSUES: Head lice infestation (Pediculosis capitis) affects millions of children and adults worldwide each year.1 Direct head-to-head contact is the most common mode of transmission.2 The highest prevalence of infestation occurs in school aged children aged three to eleven years, with girls being more commonly affected than boys.1,2 Although head lice are not generally associated with serious morbidity, they are responsible for significant social embarrassment and lost productivity in schools or offices.1 Scabies, an infestation of the skin by the mite Sarcoptes scabiei, represents a common public health concern particularly in overcrowded communities with a high prevalence of poverty.3 Scabies is transmitted by close-person contact and occasionally by clothing or linens.3 Complications include secondary bacterial infections and post-streptococcal glomerulonephritis.3 Topical products available in Canada for the treatment of head lice and scabies are presented in Appendix 1 and Appendix 2. Insecticidal agents such as permethrin and lindane have historically been considered the standard treatments for head lice and scabies.2,3 Toxicity is low following topical administration of permethrin due to minimal percutaneous absorption.4 However, several jurisdictions have banned lindane due to concerns of neurotoxicity and bone marrow suppression, as well as potential negative effects on the environment (contamination of waste water).5 Furthermore, widespread use of permethrin, pyrethrins/piperonyl butoxide, and lindane has led to resistance and higher rates of treatment failure.6 Resistance patterns and rates to these agents in Canada have not yet been studied.6 Due to concerns surrounding resistance and neurotoxicity, patients and caregivers have searched for alternative treatments. -
4. Chemical and Physical Information
PYRETHRINS AND PYRETHROIDS 131 4. CHEMICAL AND PHYSICAL INFORMATION 4.1 CHEMICAL IDENTITY The naturally-occurring pyrethrins, extracted from chrysanthemum flowers, are esters of chrysanthemic acid (Pyrethrin I, Cinerin I, and Jasmolin I) and esters of pyrethric acid (Pyrethrin II, Cinerin II, and Jasmolin II). In the United States, the pyrethrum extract is standardized as 45–55% w/w total pyrethrins. The typical proportion of Pyrethrins I to II is 0.2:2.8, while the ratio of pyrethrins:cinerins:jasmolins is 71:21:7 (Tomlin 1997). Information regarding the chemical identity of the pyrethrins is presented in Table 4-1. Pyrethroids are synthetic esters derived from the naturally-occurring pyrethrins. One exception to the axiom that all pyrethroids are esters of carboxylic acids is noteworthy. There is a group of oxime ethers that exhibits insecticidal activity similar in nature to the pyrethrins and pyrethroid esters (Davies 1985). Little data exist regarding these compounds, and no commercial products have been produced. Commercially available pyrethroids include allethrin, bifenthrin, bioresmethrin, cyfluthrin, cyhalothrin, cypermethrin, deltamethrin, esfenvalerate (fenvalerate), flucythrinate, flumethrin, fluvalinate, fenpropathrin, permethrin, phenothrin, resmethrin, tefluthrin, tetramethrin, and tralomethrin. Information regarding the chemical identity of pyrethroids is shown in Table 4-2. With the exception of deltamethrin, pyrethroids are a complex mixture of isomers rather than one single pure compound. For pyrethroids possessing the cyclopropane moiety, isomerism about the cyclopropane ring greatly influences the toxicity of these insecticides. The presence of two chiral centers in the ring results in two pairs of diastereomers. The diastereomers and their nonsuperimposable mirror images (enantiomers) are illustrated in Figure 4-1. -
OSPAR Background Document on Methoxychlor ______
Hazardous Substances Series --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Methoxychlor1 OSPAR Commission 2002 (2004 Update) 1 Secretariat’s note: A review statement on methoxychlor (Publication 352d/2008) was adopted in 2008, highlighting new developments since the adoption of the Background Document. OSPAR Commission, 2002: OSPAR Background Document on Methoxychlor _______________________________________________________________________________________________________ The Convention for the Protection of the Marine Environment of the North-East Atlantic (the “OSPAR Convention”) was opened for signature at the Ministerial Meeting of the former Oslo and Paris Commissions in Paris on 22 September 1992. The Convention entered into force on 25 March 1998. It has been ratified by Belgium, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Iceland, Ireland, Luxembourg, Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, Sweden, Switzerland and the United Kingdom and approved by the European Community and Spain. La Convention pour la protection du milieu marin de l'Atlantique du Nord-Est, dite Convention OSPAR, a été ouverte à la signature à la réunion ministérielle des anciennes Commissions d'Oslo et de Paris, à Paris le 22 septembre 1992. La Convention est entrée en vigueur le 25 mars 1998. La Convention a été ratifiée par l'Allemagne, la Belgique, le Danemark, la Finlande, la France, l’Irlande, l’Islande, le Luxembourg, la Norvège, les Pays-Bas, le Portugal, le Royaume-Uni de Grande Bretagne et d’Irlande du Nord, la Suède et la Suisse et approuvée par la Communauté européenne et l’Espagne. © OSPAR Commission, 2002. Permission may be granted by the publishers for the report to be wholly or partly reproduced in publications provided that the source of the extract is clearly indicated. © Commission OSPAR, 2002. -
(A) Sources, Including As Appropriate (Provide Summary Information
UNEP/POPS/POPRC.1/4 Format for submitting pursuant to Article 8 of the Stockholm Convention the information specified in Annex E of the Convention Introductory information Name of the submitting Party/observer NGO Observer: Pesticide Action Network on behalf of the International POPs Elimination Network (IPEN) Contact details Clare Butler Ellis PhD, M.Inst.P, C.Env. Pesticide Action Network UK [email protected] Joseph DiGangi, PhD Environmental Health Fund +001-312-566-0985 [email protected] Chemical name Chlordecone Chemical name: 1,1a,3,3a,4,5,5,5a,5b,6-decachloro-octahydro-1,3,4-metheno-2H- cyclobuta[cd]pentalen-2-one CAS=143-50-0 Common trade names: GC 1189, Kepone, Merex Synonyms: Chlordecone, Chlordecone Kepone, Decachloroketone, Decachlorooctahydro-1,3,4-metheno-2H-cyclobuta(cd)pentalen-2-one, Decachloropentacyclo(5.3.0.0.0.0 2,6,4,10,5,9)decane-3-one, Decachlorotetracyclodecanone decachlorooctahydro- , Date of submission 27 January 2006 (a) Sources, including as appropriate (provide summary information and relevant references) (i) Production data: Quantity 1 “Chlordecone is no longer produced commercially in the United States. Between 1951 and 1975, approximately 3.6 million pounds (1.6 million kg) of chlordecone were produced in the United States (Epstein 1978). During this period, Allied Chemical Annex E information on chlordecone 1 UNEP/POPS/POPRC.1/4 Company produced approximately 1.8 million pounds (816,500 kg) of chlordecone at plants in Claymont, Delaware; Marcus Hook, Pennsylvania and Hopewell, Virginia. In 1974, because of increasing demand for chlordecone and a need to use their facility in Hopewell, Virginia, for other purposes, Allied Chemical transferred its chlordecone manufacturing to Life Sciences Products Company (EPA 1978b). -
Interim Review of Chlorfenvinphos
National Registration Authority for Agricultural and Veterinary Chemicals Section 3 AGRICULTURAL ASSESSMENT 1. INTRODUCTION........................................................................................................................ 6 1.1 Registration Status...................................................................................................................... 6 1.2 Methods of Application.............................................................................................................. 8 1.3 Permits..................................................................................................................................... 11 1.4 Performance Questionnaires ..................................................................................................... 11 2. EFFICACY ASSESSMENT....................................................................................................... 16 2.1 Background ............................................................................................................................. 16 2.2 Evaluation of Efficacy............................................................................................................... 16 2.3 Alternatives.............................................................................................................................. 16 2.4 Side Effects.............................................................................................................................. 18 2.5 Resistance Management .......................................................................................................... -
US EPA, Pesticide Product Label, LIBERTY CHLORPYRIFOS
UNITED STATES ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY WASHINGTON, D.C. 20460 OFFICE OF CHEMICAL SAFETY AND POLLUTION PREVENTION August 14, 2013 Mr. Scott Baker Liberty Crop Protection, LLC 1966 W15tfi Street, Suite 6 Loveland, CO 80538 Subject: Amendment: Adding Sensitive Site Buffer Zones & At Plant Application Under Field and Sweet Corn Liberty Chlorpyrifos Bifenthrin EPA Reg. No. 89168-20 Your Submission Dated May 7, 2013 Dear Mr. Baker: The labeling referred to above, submitted in connection with registration under the Federal Insecticide, Fungicide and Rodenticide Act (FIFRA), as amended, is acceptable. A stamped copy of the label is enclosed for your records. If you have any questions regarding this action, please contact Be Wanda Alexander at [email protected] or (703) 305-7460. Sincerely, Richard Gebken Product Manager Team 10 Insecticide Branch Registration Division (7505P) Enclosure r RESTRICTED USE PESTICIDE For retail sale to and use only by certified applicators, or persons under their direct supervision and only for the uses covered by the certified applicator's certification. LIBERTY CHLORPYRIFOS BIFENTHRIN GROUP 1B INSECTICIDE Active Ingredients: Chlorpyrifos: O,0-diethyl-O-(3,5,6-trichloro-2-pyrinyl) phosphorothioate 28.6% Bifenthrin*: (2 methyl[1,1'-biphenyl]-3-yl) methyl 3-(2-chloro-3,3,3- trifluoro-1-propenyl)-2,2-dimethylcyclopropanecarboxylate 9.0% Other Ingredients** 62.4% TOTAL : 100.0% This product contains 2.41 pounds chlorpyrifos per gallon and 0.76 pounds bifenthrin per gallon. *Cis isomers 97% minimum, trans isomers 3% maximum. "Contains petroleum distillates. KEEP OUT OF REACH OF CHILDREN WARNING - AVISO Si usted no entiende la etiqueta, busque a alguien para que se la explique a usted en detalle. -
Therapeutic Class Overview Scabicides and Pediculicides
Therapeutic Class Overview Scabicides and Pediculicides Therapeutic Class Overview/Summary: The agents indicated for the management of scabies and head lice are listed in Table 1. The skin and mucous membrane scabicides and pediculicides are approved to treat pediculosis and scabies.1-10 Pediculosis is a transmissible infection, which is caused by three different kinds of lice depending on the location: head (Pediculus humanus capitis), body (Pediculus humanus corporis) and pubic region (Phthirus pubis). Pediculosis is often asymptomatic; however, itching may occur due to hypersensitivity to lice saliva.11 Scabies is also a transmissible skin infection caused by the mite Sarcoptes scabiei. Mites burrow into the skin and lay eggs, which when hatched, will crawl to the skin’s surface and begin to make new burrows. The most common clinical manifestation of scabies is itching, which is due to a hypersensitivity reaction to the mite or mite excrement.12 When treating scabies and lice, the goal of therapy is to eradicate the parasite. Benzyl alcohol inhibits lice from closing their respiratory spiracles, which causes the lice to asphyxiate.3 Crotamiton has scabicidal and antipruritic actions; however, the exact mechanism of action is unknown.4 Lindane is a central nervous system stimulant, which causes convulsions and death of the arthropod.1,2 Malathion is an organophosphate agent, which inhibits cholinesterase activity.5 Permethrin disrupts the sodium channel current, which leads to delayed repolarization and paralysis of the arthropod.1,2 Spinosad causes neuronal excitation, which leads to paralysis and death.6 The suspension also contains an unspecified amount of benzyl alcohol. -
Exposure to Permethrin Or Chlorpyrifos Causes Differential Dose- and Time-Dependent Behavioral Effects at Early Larval Stages of an Endangered Teleost Species
Vol. 44: 89–103, 2021 ENDANGERED SPECIES RESEARCH Published February 11§ https://doi.org/10.3354/esr01091 Endang Species Res OPEN ACCESS Exposure to permethrin or chlorpyrifos causes differential dose- and time-dependent behavioral effects at early larval stages of an endangered teleost species Paige C. Mundy1, Kara E. Huff Hartz2, Corie A. Fulton2, Michael J. Lydy2, Susanne M. Brander3, Tien-Chieh Hung4, Nann A. Fangue5, Richard E. Connon1,* 1Anatomy, Physiology & Cell Biology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA 2Center for Fisheries, Aquaculture and Aquatic Sciences and Department of Zoology, Southern Illinois University, Carbondale, IL 62901, USA 3Department of Fisheries and Wildlife, Coastal Oregon Marine Experiment Station, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA 4Fish Conservation and Culture Laboratory, Department of Biological and Agricultural Engineering, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA 5Department of Wildlife, Fish & Conservation Biology, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA ABSTRACT: Pyrethroid and organophosphate pesticides are two of the most commonly used classes of insecticide worldwide. At sublethal concentrations, permethrin (a pyrethroid) and chlor- pyrifos (an organophosphate) impact behavior in model fish species. We investigated behavioral ef fects of environmentally relevant concentrations of permethrin or chlorpyrifos on early larval delta smelt Hypomesus transpacificus, a Critically Endangered teleost species endemic to the San Francisco Bay Delta, California, USA. Using a photomotor behavioral assay of oscillating light and dark periods, we measured distance moved, turn angle, meander, angular velocity, rotations, thig- motaxis (time spent in the border versus center), and swim speed duration and frequency. The lowest concentrations of permethrin used in the tests (0.05 and 0.5 μg l−1) caused significant in - creases in distance moved at 72 and 96 h, respectively.