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Q-, *- ,;•>;' ^^'f ';k ._._. _ \ .^ SPAIN IN THE WEST A SERIES OF ORIGINAL DOCUMENTS FROM FOREIGN ARCHIVES VOLUME III Earliest Print of Kino's Map of Pimeria Alta, 1705 KINO'S HISTORICAL MEMOIR OF PIMERÍA ALTA A CONTEMPORARY ACCOUNT OF THE BEGINNINGS OF CALI- FORNIA, SONORA, AND ARIZONA, BY FATHER EUSEBIO FRANCISCO KINO, S.J., PIONEER MISSIONARY EXPLORER, CARTOGRAPHER, AND RANCHMAN 1683-17 I I PUBLISHED FOR THE FIRST TIME FROM THE ORIGINAL MANUSCRIPT IN THE ARCHIVES OF MEXICO; TRANSLATED INTO ENGLISH, EDITED AND ANNOTATED, BY HERBERT EUGENE BOLTON, Ph.D. PROFESSOR OF AMERICAN HISTORY AND CURATOR OF THE BANCROFT LIBRARY, UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA VOLUME I THE ARTHUR H. CLARK COMPANY CLEVELAND: 1919 COPYRIGHT, 1919, BY HERBERT E. BOLTON ¿r CONTENTS Preface 21 Introduction 27 TABLE OF CONTENTS AND BRIEF COMPENDIUM OF THIS HISTORY OR TREATISE UPON THE CELESTIAL FAVORS EXPERIENCED IN THE NEW CONVERSIONS OF THIS UNKNOWN NORTH AMERICA» Dedicatory to His Royal Majesty, Philip V, in Thanks- giving FOR HIS new Royal Cédula which so greatly favors these new conversions, and which is the mo- tive FOR Writing this Treatise 85 Prologue to the charitable Reader; that these New Conquests and New Conversions are to such an ex- tent due to the Celestial Favors of Our Lord that they cannot be attributed to human forces . 97 Part I. New spiritual and temporal Conquests in PiMERiA, of the Kingdom of Nueva Biscaya, during the Suspension of the Enterprise of the Conquest and Con- version OF California: and the Events of the twelve Years from 1687 to 1699 Book I. First Entry into Pimeria, in Nueva Biscaya, and the Beginnings of its spiritual and temporal Conquest, and of its Conversion to our Holy Catholic Faith .... 105 Chapter I. Because of the Suspension of the Conquest and Conversion of California, two Alms are asked and ob- tained from the Royal Treasury for two Missionary Fa- thers for this Coast and Mainland nearest to California. ^ In the original manuscript this Table of Contents is placed after the text, and occupies fourteen unnumbered pages, written in double columns. The last page bears the signature of Father Kino. It will be noted that the Table of Contents is not an exact copy of the headings distributed throughout the text, although the variations are unimportant in the main. In one or two places the numbering of the chapters in the original manuscript was in- consistent. This defect has been rectified by the editor, and certain other minor liberties have been taken. CONTENTS [Vol. Chapter II. Royal Provision and Royal Cédula which favor the new Conversions. Chapter III. My Arrival at these Missions of Sonora, and my first Entry into this Pimeria with the Father Visitor, Maunel Gonzales. Chapter IV. Expedition to San Ygnacio de Caborica, San Joseph de los Ymeres, and Nuestra Señora de los Re- medios. Chapter V. First Opposition experienced in this new Con- version. Chapter VI. Second Opposition and Discords Sown in this Pimeria. Chapter VII. The Father Visitor, Manuel Gonzales, visits the three new Pueblos of this Pimeria, for which four other Missionary Fathers are asked and obtained. Book II. Visit and Triennium of the Father Visitor Juan Maria Salvatierra, 1690, 1 69 1, 1692 117 Chapter I. The new Father Visitor, Juan Maria Salvati- erra, comes to visit the four Fathers of this Pimeria in their new districts. Chapter II. During this Visitation the Sobaipuris and other Natives come from the North to meet us. Chapter III. Report of the Condition of this Pimeria by the Father Visitor to the Father Provincial, Ambrosio Oddon, and the Reply of the Father Provincial. Chapter IV. Journey northward of more than sixty Leagues to the Sobaipuris. Chapter V. Expedition or Mission westward to the Nation of El Soba, even to the Sea of California, until California itself was seen. Chapter VI. Dedication of the new Church of Nuestra Señora de los Dolores. Chapter VII. Second and third Expeditions to the Sea of California. Chapter VIII. Expedition or Mission to the North and Northwest for more than one hundred Leagues, as far as to the Rio Grande and the Casa Grande, and the Discovery of the two new Nations, the Opa and the Coco-Maricopa. Book III. Arrival of the Venerable Father Francisco Xavier one] CONTENTS Saeta at these new Conversions ; his Apostolic Fervor, Work, Zeal, and Holy Letters; his Glorious, Innocent Death . 130 Chapter I. Expedition of the Venerable Father Francisco Xavier Saeta to his new^ Mission of Nuestra Señora de la Consepcion del Cavorca. Chapter II. First Holy Fervor and Zeal, and one of the Holy Letters of the Venerable Father Francisco Xavier Saeta. Chapter III. The Venerable Father goes out to seek Alms for his new Mission and for the Building of his new Church. Chapter IV. Third very tender Letter of the Venerable Father Francisco Xavier Saeta, in which his more than paternal Affection for his Children is shown. Chapter V. The Venerable Father returns to his Mission and in another Letter declares the very good conduct of his Children. Chapter VI. Two other Letters in which the Venerable Father declares his laudable Desire to go to California also. Chapter VII. Letter in which the Venerable Father refuses to leave La Consepcion, in order to stay and obtain the Crown of Martyrdom in Holy Week. Chapter VIII. Last Letter of most tender Farewell from the Venerable Father. Chapter IX. Concerning three other Murders committed in San Pedro del Tubutama. Chapter X. Happy Death of the Venerable Father Fran- cisco Xavier Saeta and of his four Servants, and the Plun- dering of his House. Chapter XI. Expedition of the Garrison of this Province of Señora to punish the Malefactors and to remove the Body of the Venerable Father. Chapter XII. Second Expedition of the Garrison, and new and greater Disturbance than before. Chapter XIII. Third Expedition with three Garrisons of One Hundred and sixty ^ men and with many friendly Indians from Everywhere, even from Hyaqui. ^ The text reads "one hundred and fifty." 10 CONTENTS [Vol. Book IV. General Peace-agreements of this Pimeria, and Let- ters of various Persons who prophesy and promise Great Fruits from the Innocent and Happy Death of the Venerable Father Francisco Xavier Saeta . .148 Chapter 1. The very Catholic Peace-agreements of this Pi- meria. Chapter II. Sundry Letters of principal persons, who prog- nosticate and promise very copious spiritual and temporal Fruits in the most constant Conversion of many Souls. Chapter III. Other Letters from other prominent Fathers who promise and assure the same blessed and copious Fruit. Chapter IV. Other Letters from three Lieutenants of this Pimeria in regard to the Blessed Death of the Venerable Father Francisco Xavier Saeta. Chapter V. Another Letter citing the Universal Example of the other new Conversions, which likewise began with the Shedding of the Blood of their Ministers. Chapter VI. Prophecies of the Venerable Father Francisco Xavier Saeta himself, of his glorious and greatly desired Martyrdom. Book V. My Journey to Mexico and my Return to the Mis- sions ; Visitation of the Father Visitor, Oracio Police ; various entries to the North, the West, and the Northwest; Discov- ery and Reduction of new Nations . .158 Chapter I. My Journey to Mexico to obtain missionary Fathers for this Pimeria. Chapter II. My Departure from Mexico and Arrival at these Missions of the Pimeria. Chapter III. New and old and very violent Contradictions and Opposition which hindered the Coming of the mis- sionary Fathers to this Pimeria. Chapter IV. Various Entries to the Northeast by Order of the Father Visitor, Oracio Police; and the Delivery of the District of Cocospera to Father Pedro Ruis de Con- treras. Chapter V. The principal Captains and Governors of this Pimeria go to Santa Maria de Baceraca to see the Father Visitor and ask for Fathers, a Journey of more than one one] CONTENTS II hundred and then of more than one hundred and fifty Leagues. Chapter VI. Great and peaceful Entry of twenty-two Sol- diers to the Rio Grande and the last Sobaipuris. Chapter VIL Arrival at the Rio Grande and Casa Grande and the Return to Nuestra Señora de los Dolores, having Travelled in Going and Returning more than two hun- dred and seventy Leagues in Pimeria. Chapter VI 1 1. Another Entry to the West with a Father and the Señor Lieutenant of this Pimeria. Chapter IX. The hostile Jocomes and Xanos attack Co- cospera and burn the Church and the Father's House. Book Victory VL of the Pimas over the Enemies of this Prov- ince of Sonora, the Jocomes, Sumas, Mansos, and Apaches . 178 Chapter I. The hostile Jocomes and Janos attack the Ranchería of Santa Cruz de Quiburi. Chapter II. Captain Coro with his Pimas comes to the Rescue, and they kill more than three hundred hostile Jocomes, Sumas, Mansos, and Apaches. Chapter III. The Reports of this Victory were well re- ceived in all Parts, and in the Real de San Juan with Ringing of Bells. Chapter IV. Another great Expedition to the Coast of the Sea of California, in which are discovered and reduced more than four thousand new Pima Indians, who give us four hundred and thirty-five Infants to baptize.
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