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Between West and East People of the Globular Amphora Culture in Eastern Europe: 2950-2350 Bc
BETWEEN WEST AND EAST PEOPLE OF THE GLOBULAR AMPHORA CULTURE IN EASTERN EUROPE: 2950-2350 BC Marzena Szmyt V O L U M E 8 • 2010 BALTIC-PONTIC STUDIES 61-809 Poznań (Poland) Św. Marcin 78 Tel. (061) 8536709 ext. 147, Fax (061) 8533373 EDITOR Aleksander Kośko EDITORIAL COMMITEE Sophia S. Berezanskaya (Kiev), Aleksandra Cofta-Broniewska (Poznań), Mikhail Charniauski (Minsk), Lucyna Domańska (Łódź), Viktor I. Klochko (Kiev), Jan Machnik (Kraków), Valentin V. Otroshchenko (Kiev), Petro Tolochko (Kiev) SECRETARY Marzena Szmyt Second Edition ADAM MICKIEWICZ UNIVERSITY INSTITUTE OF EASTERN STUDIES INSTITUTE OF PREHISTORY Poznań 2010 ISBN 83-86094-07-9 (print:1999) ISBN 978-83-86094-15-8 (CD-ROM) ISSN 1231-0344 BETWEEN WEST AND EAST PEOPLE OF THE GLOBULAR AMPHORA CULTURE IN EASTERN EUROPE: 2950-2350 BC Marzena Szmyt Translated by John Comber and Piotr T. Żebrowski V O L U M E 8 • 2010 c Copyright by B-PS and Author All rights reserved Cover Design: Eugeniusz Skorwider Linguistic consultation: John Comber Prepared in Poland Computer typeset by PSO Sp. z o.o. w Poznaniu CONTENTS Editor’s Foreword5 Introduction7 I SPACE. Settlement of the Globular Amphora Culture on the Territory of Eastern Europe 16 I.1 Classification of sources . 16 I.2 Characteristics of complexes of Globular Amphora culture traits . 18 I.2.1 Complexes of class I . 18 I.2.2 Complexes of class II . 34 I.3 Range of complexes of Globular Amphora culture traits . 36 I.4 Spatial distinction between complexes of Globular Amphora culture traits. The eastern group and its indicators . 42 I.5 Spatial relations of the eastern and centralGlobular Amphora culture groups . -
Aran [Caucasian Albania], Azerbaijan Crime and Expansionism
Էդիկ Բաղդասարյան (Էդ. Գերմանիկ) Աղվանք, Ադրբեջան Ոճրագործություն Aran եւ Ծավալապաշտություն [Caucasian Albania], (Անգլերեն) Azerbaijan Crime اران، آذرﺑﺎﻳﺠﺎن and ﺟﻨﺎﻳﺖ و ﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪ ﻃﻠﺒﻲ Expansionism ﺧﻼﺻﻪ اي از ﺗﺎرﻳﺦ اران و ﺳﺮﻧﻮﺷﺖ ﺷﻮم آن (ﺑﻪ زﺑﺎن اﻧﮕﻠﻴﺴﻲ) ﺗﺎﻟﻴﻒ: ادﻳﻚ ﺑﺎﻏﺪاﺳﺎرﻳﺎن (ا. ﮔﺮﻣﺎﻧﻴﻚ) By ISBN: 978-1-927860-42-7 Edic Baghdasarian WWW.Edic-Baghdasarian.com (Ed. Germanic) 1 Caucasian Albania, Azerbaijan Expansionism and Crime By Edic Baghdasarian 2016 Toronto - Canada ISBN: 978-1-927860-42-7 Edic Baghdasarian Caucasian Albania, Azerbaijan-Expansionism and Crime 2 Edic Baghdasarian Caucasian Albania, Azerbaijan-Expansionism and Crime 3 Table of Contents FOREWORD .................................................................................................................... 5 HISTORICAL SOURCES ............................................................................................... 6 1. ARMENIAN SOURCES: .......................................................................................... 6 2. GREEK AND LATIN SOURCES: ............................................................................. 7 3. ARABIC SOURCES, AND OTHER SOURCES ............................................................ 8 THE ARANIANS OR INHABITANTS OF ARAN ..................................................... 10 THE CONCISE HISTORY OF ALBANIA .................................................................. 13 GEOGRAPHICAL BORDERS OF ALBANIA ........................................................... 16 NATIVE PEOPLE OF ALBANIA ............................................................................... -
Configurations of the Indic States System
Comparative Civilizations Review Volume 34 Number 34 Spring 1996 Article 6 4-1-1996 Configurations of the Indic States System David Wilkinson University of California, Los Angeles Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/ccr Recommended Citation Wilkinson, David (1996) "Configurations of the Indic States System," Comparative Civilizations Review: Vol. 34 : No. 34 , Article 6. Available at: https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/ccr/vol34/iss34/6 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Journals at BYU ScholarsArchive. It has been accepted for inclusion in Comparative Civilizations Review by an authorized editor of BYU ScholarsArchive. For more information, please contact [email protected], [email protected]. Wilkinson: Configurations of the Indic States System 63 CONFIGURATIONS OF THE INDIC STATES SYSTEM David Wilkinson In his essay "De systematibus civitatum," Martin Wight sought to clari- fy Pufendorfs concept of states-systems, and in doing so "to formulate some of the questions or propositions which a comparative study of states-systems would examine." (1977:22) "States system" is variously defined, with variation especially as to the degrees of common purpose, unity of action, and mutually recognized legitima- cy thought to be properly entailed by that concept. As cited by Wight (1977:21-23), Heeren's concept is federal, Pufendorfs confederal, Wight's own one rather of mutuality of recognized legitimate independence. Montague Bernard's minimal definition—"a group of states having relations more or less permanent with one another"—begs no questions, and is adopted in this article. Wight's essay poses a rich menu of questions for the comparative study of states systems. -
Nationalism, Politics, and the Practice of Archaeology in the Caucasus
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Impact of Greek Classics Model on Indian Era
Journal of Advances and Scholarly Researches in Allied Education Vol. 13, Issue No. 2, July-2017, ISSN 2230-7540 Impact of Greek Classics Model on Indian Era Ms. Sangeeta* Assistant Professor, Arya Kanya Gurukul, Village More -Majra, Distt. Karnal, Haryana, India Abstract – The ancient Greeks were the “inventors” of more elements of civilization than any other people of the world. These elements of civilization can be viewed among historical writings especially associated with Herodotus and Thucydides, and the evolution of Democracy having foundational seeds in Athens. The Greeks view of the world was predominantly secular and rationalistic. It exalted the spirit of free inquiry and preferred knowledge to faith. With only a limited cultural inheritance of the past upon which to build, the Greeks produced intellectual and artistic monuments that had served ever since as standards of achievement. So in some ways the single most legacy of the ancient Greece is the civilization in India and ancient era is particularly influenced by the Greeks, especially in Art, language, culture and mostly covers the all aspects of Human life. This article is an attempt to explore cultural and religious evolution of India as an outcome of Indo Greek interaction. It further attempts to answer that why and how the India was influenced by the Greeks, Subsequently the Indian art particularly Gandhara appeared as the world’s famous Art of India. Keywords: Greek, Classics Model, Indian Era, Culture, People, World, Civilization, Evolution, Achievement, Human Life, etc. - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - X - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - INTRODUCTION REVIEW OF LITERATURE: The advent of Greeks in India dates back from 6th The role of Greeks in India is largely associated with century (BC) to 5th century (AD) as an outcome of invasion of Alexander on India; whereas, the historical Greek expedition towards Persia. -
ERZURUM İLİ PALANDÖKEN İLÇESİ HÖYÜK VE YERLEŞMELERİ the Mounds and Settlements in Palandöken District of Erzurum Province
Cilt:5, Sayı:1, Haziran 2020, 98-120 Gönderim Tarihi: 27.12.2019 Kabul Tarihi:30.05.2020 ERZURUM İLİ PALANDÖKEN İLÇESİ HÖYÜK VE YERLEŞMELERİ The Mounds And Settlements In Palandöken District Of Erzurum Province Ayşe Nur MORKOÇ Dr. Öğr. Üyesi, Trakya Üniversitesi Edebiyat Fakültesi Tarih Bölümü [email protected] ORCID ID: 0000-0001-9931-2159 Çalışmanın Türü: Araştırma Öz Erzurum, Kuzeydoğu Anadolu Bölgesi’nde stratejik bir konumda bulunmaktadır. Kafkaslardan Anadolu’ya geçiş güzergâhında olan Erzurum, Paleolitik Çağ’da insanların yerleşmeye başladığı bir bölge olmuştur. Ancak yoğun şekilde yerleşim Kalkolitik Çağ sonlarında başlamış ve İlk Tunç Çağı’nda bu yoğunluk daha da artmıştır. Erzurum ve çevresi Eski Çağ Tarihi’nde birçok kültüre ev sahipliği yapmıştır. Bölgede yaptığımız yüzey araştırmaları, özellikle Karaz Kültürü, Diauehi Devleti/Beyliği ve Urartu kültürlerinin izlerinin takip edilmesi ve bu kültürlerle ilgili yeni verilerin ortaya koyulması açısından oldukça önemlidir. Bu çalışmada Erzurum ili Palandöken ilçesinde yapılan yüzey araştırmaları değerlendirilmiştir. Anahtar Kelimeler: Erzurum, Palandöken, Karaz Kültürü, İlk Tunç Çağı,Diauehi,Urartu. Abstract Erzurum takes place in a strategic location in the Northeast Anatolia Region. Erzurum, which is on the transition route from the Caucasus to Anatolia, has been a region where people started to settle in the Paleolithic Age. However, the settlement started intensely at the end of the Chalcolithic Age and this density increased even more during the Early Bronze Age. Erzurum and its surroundings hosted various cultures in Ancient History. The surface surveys we have done in the region are especially important in terms of following the traces of Karaz Culture, Diauehi State/Principality and Urartu cultures and revealing new data about these cultures. -
UCLA Electronic Theses and Dissertations
UCLA UCLA Electronic Theses and Dissertations Title Texts, Tombs and Memory: The Migration, Settlement and Formation of a Learned Muslim Community in Fifteenth-Century Gujarat Permalink https://escholarship.org/uc/item/89q3t1s0 Author Balachandran, Jyoti Gulati Publication Date 2012 Peer reviewed|Thesis/dissertation eScholarship.org Powered by the California Digital Library University of California UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA Los Angeles Texts, Tombs and Memory: The Migration, Settlement, and Formation of a Learned Muslim Community in Fifteenth-Century Gujarat A dissertation submitted in partial satisfaction of the requirements for the degree Doctor of Philosophy in History by Jyoti Gulati Balachandran 2012 ABSTRACT OF THE DISSERTATION Texts, Tombs and Memory: The Migration, Settlement, and Formation of a Learned Muslim Community in Fifteenth-Century Gujarat by Jyoti Gulati Balachandran Doctor of Philosophy in History University of California, Los Angeles, 2012 Professor Sanjay Subrahmanyam, Chair This dissertation examines the processes through which a regional community of learned Muslim men – religious scholars, teachers, spiritual masters and others involved in the transmission of religious knowledge – emerged in the central plains of eastern Gujarat in the fifteenth century, a period marked by the formation and expansion of the Gujarat sultanate (c. 1407-1572). Many members of this community shared a history of migration into Gujarat from the southern Arabian Peninsula, north Africa, Iran, Central Asia and the neighboring territories of the Indian subcontinent. I analyze two key aspects related to the making of a community of ii learned Muslim men in the fifteenth century - the production of a variety of texts in Persian and Arabic by learned Muslims and the construction of tomb shrines sponsored by the sultans of Gujarat. -
The Shared Lexicon of Baltic, Slavic and Germanic
THE SHARED LEXICON OF BALTIC, SLAVIC AND GERMANIC VINCENT F. VAN DER HEIJDEN ******** Thesis for the Master Comparative Indo-European Linguistics under supervision of prof.dr. A.M. Lubotsky Universiteit Leiden, 2018 Table of contents 1. Introduction 2 2. Background topics 3 2.1. Non-lexical similarities between Baltic, Slavic and Germanic 3 2.2. The Prehistory of Balto-Slavic and Germanic 3 2.2.1. Northwestern Indo-European 3 2.2.2. The Origins of Baltic, Slavic and Germanic 4 2.3. Possible substrates in Balto-Slavic and Germanic 6 2.3.1. Hunter-gatherer languages 6 2.3.2. Neolithic languages 7 2.3.3. The Corded Ware culture 7 2.3.4. Temematic 7 2.3.5. Uralic 9 2.4. Recapitulation 9 3. The shared lexicon of Baltic, Slavic and Germanic 11 3.1. Forms that belong to the shared lexicon 11 3.1.1. Baltic-Slavic-Germanic forms 11 3.1.2. Baltic-Germanic forms 19 3.1.3. Slavic-Germanic forms 24 3.2. Forms that do not belong to the shared lexicon 27 3.2.1. Indo-European forms 27 3.2.2. Forms restricted to Europe 32 3.2.3. Possible Germanic borrowings into Baltic and Slavic 40 3.2.4. Uncertain forms and invalid comparisons 42 4. Analysis 48 4.1. Morphology of the forms 49 4.2. Semantics of the forms 49 4.2.1. Natural terms 49 4.2.2. Cultural terms 50 4.3. Origin of the forms 52 5. Conclusion 54 Abbreviations 56 Bibliography 57 1 1. -
Climatic Influences on Appearance and Development of Neolithic Cultures in Southern Outskirts of Carpathian Basin
Studia Quaternaria, vol. 33, no. 1 (2016): 11–26. DOI: 10.1515/squa-2016-0002 CLIMATIC INFLUENCES ON APPEARANCE AND DEVELOPMENT OF NEOLITHIC CULTURES IN SOUTHERN OUTSKIRTS OF CARPATHIAN BASIN Katarina Botiæ Institute of Archaeology, Ljudevita Gaja 32, HR-10000 Zagreb, Croatia, e-mail: [email protected] Abstract Southern outskirts of Carpathian basin, namely the region between Sava, Drava and Danube rivers, have specific cli- mate conditions today partially influenced by geological structure and geographical position. In this region Neolithic Starèevo and Sopot cultures are observed. Radiocarbon dates for Neolithic cultures are used to build a time frame which is compared with climate proxies, especially with Holocene rapid climate events (8.2, 5.9 and 4.2 ka), to draw a conclusion on when and how these cultures developed in southern regions of Carpathian basin. Lacking firm geoar- chaeological data the results are not conclusive but can provide some insight on how the climate may have directly and indirectly influenced development of Neolithic and beginning of Eneolithic period in the region. Key words: northern Croatia, Slavonia, Neolithic, Starèevo and Sopot cultures, rapid climate events (8.2, 5.9 and 4.2 ka). Manuscript received 17 July 2015, accepted 12 February 2016 INTRODUCTION Southern outskirts of Carpathian basin, the region ob- served in this paper, in geographical sense covers the region Attempts of absolute dating of Neolithic cultures in between Sava, Drava and Danube rivers (Fig. 1). In geopoli- southern regions of Carpathian basin, i.e. the Slavonia region tical sense, it is the north-east part of Croatia, i.e. -
Component-I (A) – Personal Details
Component-I (A) – Personal details: Component-I (B) – Description of module: Subject Name Indian Culture Paper Name Outlines of Indian History Module Name/Title Mahajanapadas- Rise of Magadha – Nandas – Invasion of Alexander Module Id I C/ OIH/ 08 Pre requisites Early History of India Objectives To study the Political institutions of Ancient India from earliest to 3rd Century BCE. Mahajanapadas , Rise of Magadha under the Haryanka, Sisunaga Dynasties, Nanda Dynasty, Persian Invasions, Alexander’s Invasion of India and its Effects Keywords Janapadas, Magadha, Haryanka, Sisunaga, Nanda, Alexander E-text (Quadrant-I) 1. Sources Political and cultural history of the period from C 600 to 300 BCE is known for the first time by a possibility of comparing evidence from different kinds of literary sources. Buddhist and Jaina texts form an authentic source of the political history of ancient India. The first four books of Sutta pitaka -- the Digha, Majjhima, Samyutta and Anguttara nikayas -- and the entire Vinaya pitaka were composed between the 5th and 3rd centuries BCE. The Sutta nipata also belongs to this period. The Jaina texts Bhagavati sutra and Parisisthaparvan represent the tradition that can be used as historical source material for this period. The Puranas also provide useful information on dynastic history. A comparison of Buddhist, Puranic and Jaina texts on the details of dynastic history reveals more disagreement. This may be due to the fact that they were compiled at different times. Apart from indigenous literary sources, there are number of Greek and Latin narratives of Alexander’s military achievements. They describe the political situation prevailing in northwest on the eve of Alexander’s invasion. -
Jnasci-2015-1195-1202
Journal of Novel Applied Sciences Available online at www.jnasci.org ©2015 JNAS Journal-2015-4-11/1195-1202 ISSN 2322-5149 ©2015 JNAS Relationships between Timurid Empire and Qara Qoyunlu & Aq Qoyunlu Turkmens Jamshid Norouzi1 and Wirya Azizi2* 1- Assistant Professor of History Department of Payame Noor University 2- M.A of Iran’s Islamic Era History of Payame Noor University Corresponding author: Wirya Azizi ABSTRACT: Following Abu Saeed Ilkhan’s death (from Mongol Empire), for half a century, Iranian lands were reigned by local rules. Finally, lately in the 8th century, Amir Timur thrived from Transoxiana in northeastern Iran, and gradually made obedient Iran and surrounding countries. However, in the Northwest of Iran, Turkmen tribes reigned but during the Timurid raids they had returned to obedience, and just as withdrawal of the Timurid troops, they were quickly back their former power. These clans and tribes sometimes were troublesome to the Ottoman Empires and Mamluk Sultanate of Egypt. Due to the remoteness of these regions of Timurid Capital and, more importantly, lack of permanent government administrations and organizations of the Timurid capital, following Amir Timur’s death, because of dynastic struggles among his Sons and Grandsons, the Turkmens under these conditions were increasing their power and then they had challenged the Timurid princes. The most important goals of this study has focused on investigation of their relationships and struggles. How and why Timurid Empire has begun to combat against Qara Qoyunlu and Aq Qoyunlu Turkmens; what were the reasons for the failure of the Timurid deal with them, these are the questions that we try to find the answers in our study. -
British Kumaun-Garhwal, Volume I
BRITISH KUMAUN - GARHWAL AN ADMINISTRATIVE HISTORY OF A NON-REGULATION HILL PROVINCE Gardner and Trail1 Years (1815. A.D. - 1835 A.D.) R.S. TOLIA SHREE ALMORA BOOK DEPOT MALL ROAD, A1,MORA-263 60 1 (ASH International) Association of Studies on Himalaya Monograph Series No. 2 O R. S. Tolia ISBN 81-85865-25-6 Published by : Shree Almora Book Depot Mall Road-263601 Printed at: D.K. Fine Art Press (P) Ltd. hlhi-1 10052 Phonc : 7 1 16929 Deduat ed to Manjuh, my wife and dau~htersTee ti and Wyanka ASH Publicatiod Series (Executive Editor : Dr. Mahgshwar P. Joshi) Himalaya : Past and Present, Introductory Volume, 1990. ISBN Himalaya :Past and Present, Volume 11,1991-1992.ISBN Himalaya :Past and Present, Volume 111,1992-1993. ISBN Editors : Maheshwar P. Joshi, India Allen C. Fanger, U.S.A. Charles W. Brown, U.S.A. Monographs : Uttaranchal (Kumaun-Garhwal)Himalaya : An Essay in Historical Anthropology :ISBN by Maheshwar P. Joshi M.A., Ph.D. Litt. No. 2. British Kumaun-Garhwal, Volume I. ISBN by R.S. Tolia I.A.S. Forthcoming Monographs British Kumaun-Garhwal, Volume I1 Gowan, Lushington & Batten Years by R.S. Tolia CONTENTS Page No. Foreword .......................................................................... ix Introduction: Gardner and Trail1 Years ....................... xii 1. EDWARD GARDNER ..................................................... 1 Political Agency of Kumaun Revenue and General Administration Military, Hill Labourers and Foodgrains 2. GEORGE WILLIAM TRAILL ....................................... 13 Revenue and General Administration Civil, Criminal and Police Administration Welfare of Hill-Porters The Boundary of Kumaun Roads and Bridges Forest Management Postal Dak, Currency and Treasury Jail, Medical and Health Administration 3.