Prof. Mehmet IŞIKLI
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ERZURUM İLİ PALANDÖKEN İLÇESİ HÖYÜK VE YERLEŞMELERİ the Mounds and Settlements in Palandöken District of Erzurum Province
Cilt:5, Sayı:1, Haziran 2020, 98-120 Gönderim Tarihi: 27.12.2019 Kabul Tarihi:30.05.2020 ERZURUM İLİ PALANDÖKEN İLÇESİ HÖYÜK VE YERLEŞMELERİ The Mounds And Settlements In Palandöken District Of Erzurum Province Ayşe Nur MORKOÇ Dr. Öğr. Üyesi, Trakya Üniversitesi Edebiyat Fakültesi Tarih Bölümü [email protected] ORCID ID: 0000-0001-9931-2159 Çalışmanın Türü: Araştırma Öz Erzurum, Kuzeydoğu Anadolu Bölgesi’nde stratejik bir konumda bulunmaktadır. Kafkaslardan Anadolu’ya geçiş güzergâhında olan Erzurum, Paleolitik Çağ’da insanların yerleşmeye başladığı bir bölge olmuştur. Ancak yoğun şekilde yerleşim Kalkolitik Çağ sonlarında başlamış ve İlk Tunç Çağı’nda bu yoğunluk daha da artmıştır. Erzurum ve çevresi Eski Çağ Tarihi’nde birçok kültüre ev sahipliği yapmıştır. Bölgede yaptığımız yüzey araştırmaları, özellikle Karaz Kültürü, Diauehi Devleti/Beyliği ve Urartu kültürlerinin izlerinin takip edilmesi ve bu kültürlerle ilgili yeni verilerin ortaya koyulması açısından oldukça önemlidir. Bu çalışmada Erzurum ili Palandöken ilçesinde yapılan yüzey araştırmaları değerlendirilmiştir. Anahtar Kelimeler: Erzurum, Palandöken, Karaz Kültürü, İlk Tunç Çağı,Diauehi,Urartu. Abstract Erzurum takes place in a strategic location in the Northeast Anatolia Region. Erzurum, which is on the transition route from the Caucasus to Anatolia, has been a region where people started to settle in the Paleolithic Age. However, the settlement started intensely at the end of the Chalcolithic Age and this density increased even more during the Early Bronze Age. Erzurum and its surroundings hosted various cultures in Ancient History. The surface surveys we have done in the region are especially important in terms of following the traces of Karaz Culture, Diauehi State/Principality and Urartu cultures and revealing new data about these cultures. -
Zerohack Zer0pwn Youranonnews Yevgeniy Anikin Yes Men
Zerohack Zer0Pwn YourAnonNews Yevgeniy Anikin Yes Men YamaTough Xtreme x-Leader xenu xen0nymous www.oem.com.mx www.nytimes.com/pages/world/asia/index.html www.informador.com.mx www.futuregov.asia www.cronica.com.mx www.asiapacificsecuritymagazine.com Worm Wolfy Withdrawal* WillyFoReal Wikileaks IRC 88.80.16.13/9999 IRC Channel WikiLeaks WiiSpellWhy whitekidney Wells Fargo weed WallRoad w0rmware Vulnerability Vladislav Khorokhorin Visa Inc. Virus Virgin Islands "Viewpointe Archive Services, LLC" Versability Verizon Venezuela Vegas Vatican City USB US Trust US Bankcorp Uruguay Uran0n unusedcrayon United Kingdom UnicormCr3w unfittoprint unelected.org UndisclosedAnon Ukraine UGNazi ua_musti_1905 U.S. Bankcorp TYLER Turkey trosec113 Trojan Horse Trojan Trivette TriCk Tribalzer0 Transnistria transaction Traitor traffic court Tradecraft Trade Secrets "Total System Services, Inc." Topiary Top Secret Tom Stracener TibitXimer Thumb Drive Thomson Reuters TheWikiBoat thepeoplescause the_infecti0n The Unknowns The UnderTaker The Syrian electronic army The Jokerhack Thailand ThaCosmo th3j35t3r testeux1 TEST Telecomix TehWongZ Teddy Bigglesworth TeaMp0isoN TeamHav0k Team Ghost Shell Team Digi7al tdl4 taxes TARP tango down Tampa Tammy Shapiro Taiwan Tabu T0x1c t0wN T.A.R.P. Syrian Electronic Army syndiv Symantec Corporation Switzerland Swingers Club SWIFT Sweden Swan SwaggSec Swagg Security "SunGard Data Systems, Inc." Stuxnet Stringer Streamroller Stole* Sterlok SteelAnne st0rm SQLi Spyware Spying Spydevilz Spy Camera Sposed Spook Spoofing Splendide -
Bülent Genç -A Review of Zernaki Tepe.Pdf
Urartians: A Civilization in the Eastern Anatolia The Proceedings of the 1st International Symposium held at İstanbul in 13-15 October, 2014. © RHM, 2014 1st Edition, April 2018, Printed 1000 copies This book has been prepared for the "Urartians: A Civilization in the Eastern SYMPOSIUM I Anatolia The Proceedings of the 1st International Symposium" held at Rezan Has Museum on 13-15 October, 2014. ISBN:……………………. © Rezan Has Museum, Kadir Has Cad., Cibali, 34083 www.rhm.org.tr Texts Prof. Dr. Kemalettin Köroğlu Doç. Dr. Rafet Çavuşoğlu URARTIANS Mehmet Ayrancı A CIVILIZATION IN THE EASTERN ANATOLIA Coordinator Zeynep Çulha Restoration and Conservation Team Editors: Mehmet Ayrancı Altan Çilingiroğlu-Kemalettin Köroğlu Irmak Güneş Yüceil Zeynep Çulha-Günşıl Öncü Dilek Dil Translation Günşıl Öncü The Proceedings of the 1st International Symposium held at İstanbul Photographs 13-15 October, 2014 Reyhan Ekşi (www. randsagency.net) Ulaş Tosun Hamidiye Mah. Soğuksu Cad. No. 3 Photography Assistant 34408, Kağıthane-İstanbul İzzet Akgün (Sertifika no. Certificate no. ??????) Color Separation Mustafa Güldağ Graphic Design and Coordination Selen Baycan Patır (kalembiti d&e) Fatih Gül (We Creative) Color Separation and Printing MAS Matbaacılık A.Ş. Contents New Evaluations on the Superstructure of the Urartian Fortification Walls: The Ayanis Case Mahmut Bilge Baştürk 125 The Kingdom of Diauehi and the Urartians in Northeast Anatolia in Light of New Findings Alpaslan Ceylan 137 Introduction A Unique Female Belt from the Van Museum of Archaeology Ahu Has -
Medicinal Ethnobotany of Wild Plants
Kazancı et al. Journal of Ethnobiology and Ethnomedicine (2020) 16:71 https://doi.org/10.1186/s13002-020-00415-y RESEARCH Open Access Medicinal ethnobotany of wild plants: a cross-cultural comparison around Georgia- Turkey border, the Western Lesser Caucasus Ceren Kazancı1* , Soner Oruç2 and Marine Mosulishvili1 Abstract Background: The Mountains of the Western Lesser Caucasus with its rich plant diversity, multicultural and multilingual nature host diverse ethnobotanical knowledge related to medicinal plants. However, cross-cultural medicinal ethnobotany and patterns of plant knowledge have not yet been investigated in the region. Doing so could highlight the salient medicinal plant species and show the variations between communities. This study aimed to determine and discuss the similarities and differences of medicinal ethnobotany among people living in highland pastures on both sides of the Georgia-Turkey border. Methods: During the 2017 and 2018 summer transhumance period, 119 participants (74 in Turkey, 45 in Georgia) were interviewed with semi-structured questions. The data was structured in use-reports (URs) following the ICPC classification. Cultural Importance (CI) Index, informant consensus factor (FIC), shared/separate species-use combinations, as well as literature data were used for comparing medicinal ethnobotany of the communities. Results: One thousand five hundred six UR for 152 native wild plant species were documented. More than half of the species are in common on both sides of the border. Out of 817 species-use combinations, only 9% of the use incidences are shared between communities across the border. Around 66% of these reports had not been previously mentioned specifically in the compared literature. -
Interpretations of the Socio-Economic Structure of the Urartian Kingdom
UNIVERSITY OF LIVERPOOL SCHOOL OF HISTORIES, LANGUAGES AND CULTURES (ARCHAEOLOGY, CLASSICS AND EGYPTOLOGY) INTERPRETATIONS OF THE SOCIO-ECONOMIC STRUCTURE OF THE URARTIAN KINGDOM By ALİ ÇİFÇİ Submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirement for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy April 2014 Liverpool i To my parents Cennet ÇİFÇİ and Ali ÇİFÇİ ii ACKNOWLEDGMENTS Many people have helped me to complete this research and in particular I would like to thank to my supervisors, Alan M. Greaves and Christopher Tuplin, both of whom have provided me with ideas and advice on numerous occasions. Also I would like to thank to my examiners Bruce Routledge and Claudia Glatz for their comments and suggestions. I would also like to thank Paul Zimansky for reading the first drafts of my thesis and for his subsequent suggestions and advice as to how it could be improved. I must also express my gratitude to Kemalettin Köroğlu, who has been generous with his help and advice and Altan Çilingiroğlu for allowing me to participate in the Ayanis excavation and for scholarly conversations. Further thanks are due to Erkan Konyar, who generously provided unpublished information and to the Van Kalesi Höyüğü excavation team for their support. Mirjo Salvini, Mehmet Karaosmanoğlu and Stephan Kroll have also offered help and advice on various aspects of Urartian archaeology and I am also grateful to Magnus Widell for his help with cuneiform inscriptions. In addition, I would like to thank Emel Oybak Dönmez, Atilla Batmaz, Yervand Greakyan and Mehmet Ali Yılmaz for sending me literature that was helpful to my research. -
Prof.Dr. Mehmet IŞIKLI
Prof.Dr. Mehmet IŞIKLI Kişisel Bilgiler PWoesbta: hAtdtprse:/s/i:a vAetasitsü.arkta Üuniv.eedrus.ittre/smi, Eisdikelbiiyat Fakültesi, Arkeoloji Bölümü NO:19 Eğitim Bilgileri YDüokksteokr aL, iAsatantsü, rEkg Üe nÜinveivresritseitsei,s Si,o Esdyeabl iByialitm Flaekrü Eltnesstii t,ü Asrük, ePorlootjoi hBiösltüomryüa/ VPero Ötonhasisytao rAyrak eVoel oÖjnisai s, yTaü Arkrikyeeo 1lo9j9is8i A- n2a0b0i5lim LDiaslaı,n Tsü, Erkgiey eÜ n1i9v9e4rs -i t1e9si9, 8Edebiyat Fakültesi , Arkeoloji Bölümü/Klasik Arkeoloji Anabilim Dalı, Türkiye 1988 - 1992 Yİnagbiliazcnec, Bı 2D Oilrltea rÜstü YDoakptotırğaı, DTOeĞzUl eArNADOLU ERKEN TRANSKAFKASYA KÜLTÜRÜNÜN KARAZ, PULUR VE GÜZELOVA MALZEMESİ PIŞrIoĞtIoNhDisAto TrEyKa RVAeR Ö DnaEsĞyEaR ALrEkNeoDlİoRjiİsLiM, 2E0S0İ5, Ege Üniversitesi, Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü, Arkeoloji Anabilim Dalı / ÜYünkivseerks iLteissai,n Sso, Ysyeanli BAisliumrl eDrö Ennesmtiit'ünsdüe, AAsrukre oDloevjil eAtni'anbinil ikmu zDeayl ıy, a1y9ı9lı8mı ve bu yayılımın siyasi ve ekonomik nedenleri, Ege ASorsayşalt ıvrem Beaş eArli aBnililmalreır, Arkeoloji ve Sanat Tarihi , Arkeoloji APrkoaf.Ddre.,m Atiaktü Urkn Üvnaivnelrasrit e/s iG, Eödreebivylaet rFakültesi, Arkeoloji, 2016 - Devam Ediyor YDrodç..DDorç., .DAtra.,t Aürtakt üÜrnkiv Üenrsiviteerssii, tEedsie, bEidyeabt iFyaakt üFlateksüil, tAesrik, eAorlkoejio, l2o0ji1, 2 0- 0270 1- 62012 Ankaabdiliemm/Bikili mİd Daarlıi BDaşeknaenıy, Aimtatürk Üniversitesi, Edebiyat Fakültesi, Arkeoloji, 2012 - Devam Ediyor VEsekri dÇaiğ iM Dimearrsislie, rYüksek Lisans, 2020 - 2021 Frig ve Lydia Uygarlığı, -
History of the World Research
History of the World Research History of Civilisation Research Notes 200000 - 5500 BCE 5499 - 1000 BCE 999 - 500 BCE 499 - 1 BCE 1 CE - 500 CE 501 CE - 750 CE 751 CE - 1000 1001 - 1250 1251 - 1500 1501 - 1600 1601 - 1700 1701 - 1800 1801 - 1900 1901 - Present References Notes -Prakrit -> Sanskrit (1500-1350 BCE) -6th Dynasty of Egypt -Correct location of Jomon Japan -Correct Japan and New Zealand -Correct location of Donghu -Remove “Armenian” label -Add D’mt -Remove “Canaanite” label -Change Gojoseon -Etruscan conquest of Corsica -322: Southern Greece to Macedonia -Remove “Gujarati” label (to 640) -Genoa to Lombards 651 (not 750) Add “Georgian” label from 1008-1021 -Rasulids should appear in 1228 (not 1245) -Provence to France 1481 (not 1513) -Yedisan to Ottomans in 1527 (not 1580) -Cyprus to Ottoman Empire in 1571 (not 1627) -Inner Norway to sweden in 1648 (not 1721) -N. Russia annexed 1716, Peninsula annexed in 1732, E. Russia annexed 1750 (not 1753) -Scania to Sweden in 1658 (not 1759) -Newfoundland appears in 1841 (not 1870) -Sierra Leone -Kenya -Sao Tome and Principe gain independence in 1975 (not 2016) -Correct Red Turban Rebellion --------- Ab = Abhiras Aby = Abyssinia Agh = Aghlabids Al = Caucasian Albania Ala = Alemania Andh = Andhrabhrtya Arz = Arzawa Arm = Armenia Ash = Ashanti Ask = Assaka Assy/As = Assyria At = Atropatene Aus = Austria Av = Avanti Ayu = Ayutthaya Az = Azerbaijan Bab = Babylon Bami = Bamiyan BCA = British Central Africa Protectorate Bn = Bana BNW = Barotseland Northwest Rhodesia Bo = Bohemia BP = Bechuanaland -
64 Kuzeydoğu Anadoluda Önemlġ Bġr
ISSN:1306-732X (Print)/E-ISSN: 2564-680X (Online) Sonbahar Özel Sayısı / Autumn Special Issue Ekim / October 2020 Ayşe Nur Morkoç, (2020).“ KUZEYDOĞU ANADOLUDA ÖNEMLİ BİR YERLEŞME-DANAMAYALI” Tokat Gaziosmanpaşa Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Araştırmaları Dergisi. Sonbahar Özel Sayı, s.64-76. Tarih-Araştırma Geliş Tarihi / Received: 3 Ekim 2020 Kabul Tarihi / Accepted: 16 Ekim 2020 KUZEYDOĞU ANADOLUDA ÖNEMLĠ BĠR YERLEġME-DANAMAYALI Ayşe Nur MORKOÇ1*+ 1 Dr. Öğr. Üyesi, Trakya Üniversitesi, Edebiyat Fakültesi, Tarih Bölümü *[email protected] +ORCID: 0000-0001-9931-2159 Öz– Kuzeydoğu Anadolu Bölgesi’nde bulunan Kars ili, tarihin en eski dönemlerinden itibaren insanoğlu tarafından yerleĢim yeri olarak tercih edilmiĢ ve birçok uygarlığa ev sahipliği yapmıĢtır. Bölgenin akarsu potansiyeli bakımından zengin olması, önemli yol ağlarının kesiĢim noktasında bulunması, verimli tarım arazilerine sahip olması ve yaylalarında yapılan hayvancılık faaliyetleri yerleĢim görmesine neden olan önemli coğrafi özelliklerdir. Kars ve çevresinde en erken yaĢam izleri Paleolitik Çağ’da görülmüĢtür. Geç Kalkolitik Çağ’dan itibaren görülmeye baĢlayan yerleĢim merkezleri, Ġlk Tunç Çağı ile birlikte artmaya baĢlamıĢ ve bu yerleĢim yoğunluğu Urartu Devleti’nin bölgedeki etkisinin artması ile birlikte devam etmiĢtir. Bölgede gerçekleĢtirdiğimiz yüzey araĢtırmalarında önemli tarihi ve arkeolojik merkezler tespit edilmiĢtir. Kars’ta tespit ettiğimiz Danamayalı YerleĢmesi de Geç Kalkolitik Çağ ile birlikte yerleĢimin baĢladığı ve zamanla yerleĢme yoğunluğunun -
BRATISLAVA INTERNATIONAL SCHOOL of LIBERAL ARTS GEORGIA's EUROPEAI\T IDENTITY BACHELOR TIIESIS Bratislava 2010 David Babunashvil
BRATISLAVA INTERNATIONAL SCHOOL OF LIBERAL ARTS GEORGIA'S EUROPEAI\TIDENTITY BACHELOR TIIESIS Bratislava2010 David Babunashvili BRATISLAVA INTERNATIONAL SCHOOL OF LIBERAL ARTS GEORGIA' S ET]ROPEAII IDENTITY BACHELOR THESIS StudyProgramme: Liberal Studies Fieldof Study:3. l. 6 Politology Advisor:M.A. Valer Lomuashvili Level of Qualification:Bachelor ("8c.") SubmissionDate: 5.5.2010 Dateof Defence:15.6.2010 Bratislava2010 David Babunashvili Babunashvili:Georgia's European Identity Author's Declaration of Originality I hereby certify that I am the sole author of this text. No part of this thesishas beenpreviously published or submittedfor publication.Primary and secondarysources usedin this thesisare cited in text and listed in "References".The thesiswas developed underthe guidanceof my thesisadvisor M.A. Valer Lomuashvili. David Babunashvili (signature): Dateof Birth: 18.03. 1987 Address:Heydukova23, Bratislava, 8l I 01, SlovakRepublic. nl Babunashvili:Georgia's European Identity ACKNOWTEDGEMENTS This thesiswould not have beenpossible without the essentialand gracioussupport of manyindividuals. My special thanks and acknowledgementsare for my thesis supervisor,Mr. Valer Lomuashvili,M.A. for greatly contributingto the conductedresearch. He was always there to listen and give advice.His timely and always useful advice,encouragement, leadership,guidance and freshideas allowed to mobilizeenergy and capacityin the best way possible. Also, I wish to extend my thanks to Mgr. Dagmar Kus6, PhD. for the extraordinary support she provided readily and open-heartedly,for the helpful commentsserving refinementof the writing style of my paperand for all her patiencethroughout the thesis preparationprocess. I am enormouslygrateful to BISLA and its professorsfor creating an atmosphereof supportduring a challengingprocess of preparationand presentation. I acknowledgesupport of the Georgian Ministry of Foreign Affairs in the latest data collectionand in providingthe availableinformation. -
2 Annex I Objective Data Contained in the ''Draft Report from the Georgian
Annex I Objective data contained in the ‘’draft report from the Georgian anthropologist, such as data of historical, geographical or anthropological nature, and maps’’ Following the European Ombudsman’s proposal for a solution, the present document collates the objective data contained in the draft report provided to the EIB by the Promoter in November 2016 (referred to by the European Ombudsman as the ‘’draft report from the Georgian anthropologist’’) as part of the project appraisal. It is important to clarify that the draft report was never intended as a final stand-alone document. The Promoter used it to elaborate another draft working document, which was then used for the elaboration of Volume 3 of the project’s Social Impact Assessment. The latter is publicly available on the EIB website (http://www.eib.org/en/infocentre/registers/register/80380170). In full consideration of the European Ombudsman’s proposal for a solution, the EIB assessed the possibility to disclose said “objective data” on the basis of the provisions of the EIB Group Transparency Policy (EIB-TP). Information covered by the exception for disclosure described in section 5 of the EIB-TP has been redacted and replaced by the symbol […], in addition to non-objective data. This concerns information which if disclosed would undermine the protection of international relations (Art. 5.4 a, first bullet), as well as the privacy and integrity of individuals (Art. 5.4 b). No overriding public interest has been found that would prevail over relevant exceptions. Conclusion on Indigenous People's Issues Statement 1. Svans are Georgians. Svans comprise an ethnic sub‐group of Georgian (Kartvelian) ethnic group. -
KARS TOURISM EXPEDITION GUIDE June 2013
KARS TOURISM EXPEDITION GUIDE June 2013 1 PUBLISHED BY: SERHAT DEVELOPMENT AGENCY www.serka.gov.tr PHONE: 0090 474 212 52 00 Fax: 0090 474 212 52 04 EDITED BY: Ersin DEMİREL [email protected] CONTRIBUTORS: Dr. Hüseyin TUTAR, Dr. Uğur ÇALIŞKAN, İlhan KOÇULU, Sezai YAZICI, Vedat AKÇAYÖZ, North Nature Society PHOTOS: Ersin DEMİREL, Mukadder YARDIMCIEL GRAPHIC DESIGN: Ali GÖÇMEN [email protected] June 2013 All publication rights reserved. The writings and visuals within this guide can not be published or copied partly or as a whole without permission of Serhat Develop- ment Agency. ISBN number: 978-605-62728-6-8 2 CONTENTS ABOUT KARS 8 KARS CITY TOUR 10 KARS EXPEDITION ROUTE 22 HISTORY TOUR 32 A TRIP INTO THE PAST 52 A TRIP INTO THE NATURE 56 KÜLTÜR TURLARI 74 TREKKING ACTIVITIES 86 CYCLING ROUTES 92 JEEP SAFARI-SCENIC VEHICLE ROAD 98 KARS-AĞRI CULTURE AND ADVENTURE ROAD 102 KARS-ARDAHAN CULTURE AND NATURE JOURNEY 104 WINTER TOURISM 106 WHAT IS WHERE 108 WHAT TO BUY 110 TRANSPORTATION 114 ACCOMMODATION 116 CAR RENTAL AND IMPORTANT PHONE NUMBERS 119 INFORMATION AND LOCAL GUIDANCE 120 3 INTRODUCTION The earth is undergoing one of its fastest and most dazzling eras with regard to economical and social changes. Rapid advances in science and technology made the countries more connected and allowed the emerging information to rapidly spread and be utilized. One of the most efficient methods developed recently for innovative and sustainable development is the concept of local development. Within the frame of this new approach, today ‘’Regional Development Agencies’’ operate in several countries. -
ARTVİN VE ÇEVRESİNİN TARİHİ COĞRAFYASI Ömer SUBAŞI*
Karadeniz İncelemeleri Dergisi 9 ARTVİN VE ÇEVRESİNİN TARİHİ COĞRAFYASI Ömer SUBAŞI ÖZ Urartu yazıtlarında Artvin ve taşrası için kullanılan Katarza ismi ilerleyen tarihi dönemlerde değişikliklere uğramış ve kaynaklarda, bölge Choranzene vb. şeklinde anılmaya başlamıştır. Ancak günümüzde yazılan araştırma eserlerde bölge için kullanılan Klarceti ismi ilk defa M.S. VI. yüzyılda meydana getirilen tarihi kaynaklarda geçmektedir. Klarceti Bölgesi, Artvin (Nigal), Ardanuç, Şavşat, Borçka ve Murgul ile şu anda iskân halinde olmayan ancak tarihi kaynaklarda isminden sıkça bahsedilen Tukharis’ten oluşmaktadır. Coğrafi olarak Klarceti Bölgesi, Çoruh Nehri’nin aşağı kesimlerinden, Yanlızçam Dağları’nın batısına, oradan da Şavşat ve Artvin’in güneyinden Karadeniz’e kadar uzanan toprak‐ ları kapsamaktadır. Bu çalışmada bulunduğu bölge açısından tarih boyunca büyük öneme sahip olan Artvin ve taşrasının tarihi‐coğrafyası ele alınmıştır. Anahtar Sözcükler: Klarceti, Artvin, Ardanuç, Şavşat, Tukharis HISTORICAL GEOGRAPHY OF ARTVİN AND THE SURROUNDING COUNTRY ABSTRACT In Urartu epigraphs, the name “Katarzane”, which refers to Artvin and its surroundings, has undergone some changes in time and the district has been started to be called “Choranzene” in the relevant literature. However, the name “Klarceti”, used for the same district in current literature, was first introduced in the Yrd. Doç. Dr., Çoruh Üniversitesi Fen Edebiyat Fakültesi Tarih Bölümü, ARTVİN. 10 Journal of Black Sea Studies historical pieces of VI. Century (A.D.). Klarceti District includes Artvin (Nigal), Ardanuç, Şavşat, Borçka, Murgul and the district “Tukharis”, which is now uninhabited but whose name is often mentioned in historical documents. Geographically, Klarceti District comprises the lands from the lower sides of the River Çoruh to the Western part of Yalnızçam Mountains and from the Southern part of Şavşat and Artvin to the Black Sea.