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ERZURUM İLİ PALANDÖKEN İLÇESİ HÖYÜK VE YERLEŞMELERİ the Mounds and Settlements in Palandöken District of Erzurum Province
Cilt:5, Sayı:1, Haziran 2020, 98-120 Gönderim Tarihi: 27.12.2019 Kabul Tarihi:30.05.2020 ERZURUM İLİ PALANDÖKEN İLÇESİ HÖYÜK VE YERLEŞMELERİ The Mounds And Settlements In Palandöken District Of Erzurum Province Ayşe Nur MORKOÇ Dr. Öğr. Üyesi, Trakya Üniversitesi Edebiyat Fakültesi Tarih Bölümü [email protected] ORCID ID: 0000-0001-9931-2159 Çalışmanın Türü: Araştırma Öz Erzurum, Kuzeydoğu Anadolu Bölgesi’nde stratejik bir konumda bulunmaktadır. Kafkaslardan Anadolu’ya geçiş güzergâhında olan Erzurum, Paleolitik Çağ’da insanların yerleşmeye başladığı bir bölge olmuştur. Ancak yoğun şekilde yerleşim Kalkolitik Çağ sonlarında başlamış ve İlk Tunç Çağı’nda bu yoğunluk daha da artmıştır. Erzurum ve çevresi Eski Çağ Tarihi’nde birçok kültüre ev sahipliği yapmıştır. Bölgede yaptığımız yüzey araştırmaları, özellikle Karaz Kültürü, Diauehi Devleti/Beyliği ve Urartu kültürlerinin izlerinin takip edilmesi ve bu kültürlerle ilgili yeni verilerin ortaya koyulması açısından oldukça önemlidir. Bu çalışmada Erzurum ili Palandöken ilçesinde yapılan yüzey araştırmaları değerlendirilmiştir. Anahtar Kelimeler: Erzurum, Palandöken, Karaz Kültürü, İlk Tunç Çağı,Diauehi,Urartu. Abstract Erzurum takes place in a strategic location in the Northeast Anatolia Region. Erzurum, which is on the transition route from the Caucasus to Anatolia, has been a region where people started to settle in the Paleolithic Age. However, the settlement started intensely at the end of the Chalcolithic Age and this density increased even more during the Early Bronze Age. Erzurum and its surroundings hosted various cultures in Ancient History. The surface surveys we have done in the region are especially important in terms of following the traces of Karaz Culture, Diauehi State/Principality and Urartu cultures and revealing new data about these cultures. -
Tabernacle of Vineª: Some (Judaizing?) Features in the Old Georgian Vita of St
Dan D. Y. Shapira Open University of Israel, Raíanannah ´TABERNACLE OF VINEª: SOME (JUDAIZING?) FEATURES IN THE OLD GEORGIAN VITA OF ST. NINO1 St. Nino, «Mother of the Georgians», the traditional illuminator of Geor- gia,2 is believed to have brought Christianity to Eastern Georgia around 335 (her memory is celebrated on January 14th); Coptic and Byzantine writers of later dates called her theognosté, «she who made God known» to the Geor- gians.3 The Old Georgian Vita of St. Nino forms a part of Conversion of Georgia [henceforth: MK],4 which served as one of the sources of the Geor- 1 This article is mostly based on two papers read at the Institut für Iranistik (Freiu- niversität, Berlin), 10th December 1994, and at the Eighth Caucasian Colloquium, Societas Caucasologica Europaea, University of Leiden, 7th June 1996. Earlier ver- sions of this paper were read by Prof. Konstantin Lerner, Prof. Shaul Shaked, Prof. Michael Stone, by Dr. Mordechai Even-Vered, Mr. Michael Shneider (the Hebrew University of Jerusalem), Mr. Reuven Kipperwasser (Bar-Ilan University), Fr. Grego- ry [V. M.] Lourié (St. Petersburg), Prof. Ora Limor and Mr. Uri Gershovich (The Open University of Israel). I am very grateful to these persons for their remarks and insights. All the shortcomings are, of course, mine. 2 In fact, of Eastern Georgia, Kartli; Western Georgia, Lazica, was Christianized by King Tsate and the Byzantine Emperor Justinian (527–565) only in 523, although at least one city, Pytyus (Pityonte, Georgian Bièvinta, Russian Picunda) had a bishop as early as in 325. 3Cf. now M. -
The Spread of Christianity in the Eastern Black Sea Littoral (Written and Archaeological Sources)*
9863-07_AncientW&E_09 07-11-2007 16:04 Pagina 177 doi: 10.2143/AWE.6.0.2022799 AWE 6 (2007) 177-219 THE SPREAD OF CHRISTIANITY IN THE EASTERN BLACK SEA LITTORAL (WRITTEN AND ARCHAEOLOGICAL SOURCES)* L.G. KHRUSHKOVA Abstract This article presents a brief summary of the literary and archaeological evidence for the spread and consolidation of Christianity in the eastern Black Sea littoral during the early Christian era (4th-7th centuries AD). Colchis is one of the regions of the late antique world for which the archaeological evidence of Christianisation is greater and more varied than the literary. Developments during the past decade in the field of early Christian archaeology now enable this process to be described in considerably greater detail The eastern Black Sea littoral–ancient Colchis–comprises (from north to south) part of the Sochi district of the Krasnodar region of the Russian Federation as far as the River Psou, then Abkhazia as far as the River Ingur (Engur), and, further south, the western provinces of Georgia: Megrelia (Samegrelo), Guria, Imereti and Adzhara (Fig. 1). This article provides a summary of the literary and archaeological evidence for the spread and consolidation of Christianity in the region during the early Christ- ian era (4th-7th centuries AD).1 Colchis is one of the regions of late antiquity for which the archaeological evidence of Christianisation is greater and more varied than the literary. Progress during the past decade in the field of early Christian archaeology now enables this process to be described in considerably greater detail.2 The many early Christian monuments of Colchis are found in ancient cities and fortresses that are familiar through the written sources.3 These include Pityus (modern Pitsunda, Abkhazian Mzakhara, Georgian Bichvinta); Nitike (modern Gagra); Trakheia, which is surely Anakopiya (modern Novyi Afon, Abkhazian Psyrtskha); Dioscuria/ * Translated from Russian by Brent Davis. -
Prof. Mehmet IŞIKLI
Prof. Mehmet IŞIKLI Personal Information AWdedbr:e hstst:p sA:t/a/taüvreks Üisn.aivtaeurnsiit.edsiu, .Etrd/embiysiaktl iFakültesi, Arkeoloji Bölümü NO:19 EDodcutocraatteio, Ant aItnürfko Ürmnivaetrisoitnesi, Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü, Protohistorya Ve Önasya Arkeolojisi , Turkey 1998 - 2005 TPuorsktgerya 1d9u9at4e ,- E1g9e9 Ü8niversitesi, Edebiyat Fakültesi , Arkeoloji Bölümü/Protohistorya Ve Önasya Arkeolojisi Anabilim Dalı, 1U9n9d2ergraduate, Ege Üniversitesi, Edebiyat Fakültesi , Arkeoloji Bölümü/Klasik Arkeoloji Anabilim Dalı, Turkey 1988 - FEnogrliesihg, nB2 L Uapnpgeru Iangteersmediate Doisctsoerratea, tDioOĞnUs ANADOLU ERKEN TRANSKAFKASYA KÜLTÜRÜNÜN KARAZ, PULUR VE GÜZELOVA MALZEMESİ PIŞrIoĞtIoNhDisAto TrEyKa RVAeR Ö DnaEsĞyEaR ALrEkNeoDlİoRjiİsLiM, 2E0S0İ5, Ege Üniversitesi, Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü, Arkeoloji Anabilim Dalı / ÜPonsivtgerasidteusait, eS, oYseynail ABsiluimr Dleör nEenmstii'tnüdseü ,A Asrukre Doelovjlie Atin'naibni lkimuz Deya lyı,a 1y9ıl9ım8ı ve bu yayılımın siyasi ve ekonomik nedenleri, Ege RSoecsiael aSrcicehnc Aesr aenads Humanities, Archaelogy and History of Art, Archaeology APrcoafedsesomr,i Act aTtiutrlke Us n/iv Terassitky,s Edebiyat Fakültesi, Arkeoloji, 2016 - Continues Assiosctaiantte PPrrooffeessssoorr, , AAttaattuurrkk UUnniivveerrssiittyy, , EEddeebbiiyyaatt FFaakküülltteessii, , AArrkkeeoolloojjii, , 22000172 -- 22001126 AHecaadd oefm Deicp aarntmde nAt,d Amtatiunriks Utrnaivteirvseit yE, Exdpeebriyiaetn Fcaekültesi, Arkeoloji, 2012 - Continues Courses FErsikgi vÇea ğL yMdiima aUryisgia, rPloığsıt, -
Zerohack Zer0pwn Youranonnews Yevgeniy Anikin Yes Men
Zerohack Zer0Pwn YourAnonNews Yevgeniy Anikin Yes Men YamaTough Xtreme x-Leader xenu xen0nymous www.oem.com.mx www.nytimes.com/pages/world/asia/index.html www.informador.com.mx www.futuregov.asia www.cronica.com.mx www.asiapacificsecuritymagazine.com Worm Wolfy Withdrawal* WillyFoReal Wikileaks IRC 88.80.16.13/9999 IRC Channel WikiLeaks WiiSpellWhy whitekidney Wells Fargo weed WallRoad w0rmware Vulnerability Vladislav Khorokhorin Visa Inc. Virus Virgin Islands "Viewpointe Archive Services, LLC" Versability Verizon Venezuela Vegas Vatican City USB US Trust US Bankcorp Uruguay Uran0n unusedcrayon United Kingdom UnicormCr3w unfittoprint unelected.org UndisclosedAnon Ukraine UGNazi ua_musti_1905 U.S. Bankcorp TYLER Turkey trosec113 Trojan Horse Trojan Trivette TriCk Tribalzer0 Transnistria transaction Traitor traffic court Tradecraft Trade Secrets "Total System Services, Inc." Topiary Top Secret Tom Stracener TibitXimer Thumb Drive Thomson Reuters TheWikiBoat thepeoplescause the_infecti0n The Unknowns The UnderTaker The Syrian electronic army The Jokerhack Thailand ThaCosmo th3j35t3r testeux1 TEST Telecomix TehWongZ Teddy Bigglesworth TeaMp0isoN TeamHav0k Team Ghost Shell Team Digi7al tdl4 taxes TARP tango down Tampa Tammy Shapiro Taiwan Tabu T0x1c t0wN T.A.R.P. Syrian Electronic Army syndiv Symantec Corporation Switzerland Swingers Club SWIFT Sweden Swan SwaggSec Swagg Security "SunGard Data Systems, Inc." Stuxnet Stringer Streamroller Stole* Sterlok SteelAnne st0rm SQLi Spyware Spying Spydevilz Spy Camera Sposed Spook Spoofing Splendide -
Bülent Genç -A Review of Zernaki Tepe.Pdf
Urartians: A Civilization in the Eastern Anatolia The Proceedings of the 1st International Symposium held at İstanbul in 13-15 October, 2014. © RHM, 2014 1st Edition, April 2018, Printed 1000 copies This book has been prepared for the "Urartians: A Civilization in the Eastern SYMPOSIUM I Anatolia The Proceedings of the 1st International Symposium" held at Rezan Has Museum on 13-15 October, 2014. ISBN:……………………. © Rezan Has Museum, Kadir Has Cad., Cibali, 34083 www.rhm.org.tr Texts Prof. Dr. Kemalettin Köroğlu Doç. Dr. Rafet Çavuşoğlu URARTIANS Mehmet Ayrancı A CIVILIZATION IN THE EASTERN ANATOLIA Coordinator Zeynep Çulha Restoration and Conservation Team Editors: Mehmet Ayrancı Altan Çilingiroğlu-Kemalettin Köroğlu Irmak Güneş Yüceil Zeynep Çulha-Günşıl Öncü Dilek Dil Translation Günşıl Öncü The Proceedings of the 1st International Symposium held at İstanbul Photographs 13-15 October, 2014 Reyhan Ekşi (www. randsagency.net) Ulaş Tosun Hamidiye Mah. Soğuksu Cad. No. 3 Photography Assistant 34408, Kağıthane-İstanbul İzzet Akgün (Sertifika no. Certificate no. ??????) Color Separation Mustafa Güldağ Graphic Design and Coordination Selen Baycan Patır (kalembiti d&e) Fatih Gül (We Creative) Color Separation and Printing MAS Matbaacılık A.Ş. Contents New Evaluations on the Superstructure of the Urartian Fortification Walls: The Ayanis Case Mahmut Bilge Baştürk 125 The Kingdom of Diauehi and the Urartians in Northeast Anatolia in Light of New Findings Alpaslan Ceylan 137 Introduction A Unique Female Belt from the Van Museum of Archaeology Ahu Has -
Tedo Dundua, Emil Avdaliani Georgia (Colchis/Lazica and Iberia) Within
ivane javaxiSvilis saxelobis Tbilisis saxelmwifo universitetis saqarTvelos istoriis institutis Sromebi. XII Tbilisi. 2017 Tedo Dundua, Emil Avdaliani Georgia (Colchis/Lazica and Iberia) within the Imperial Defense-Systems: Roman and Early Byzantine Cases Introduction There are two ways to prove Georgia’s place within the NATO Alliance. First is the current argument urging for total Euro-Atlantic unity, next – historical one. Previous pan-European (Roman and Early Byzantine) military presence in Georgia can be applied to the present discussion. The article covers this issue. Roman Period. Frankish Limitanei in Lazica Before being totally destroyed, Imperial security system actually had shown three gradual phases of development. Huge number of the Italian colonists with the best technologies, swift and comfortable communications, the most prominent industrial output, Roman citizenship, municipal freedom – that was the Roman gift for the Western provinces in the 1st-2nd cc. A.D. Sincere intimacy with the metropolis had been founded as a direct result of complete satisfaction. It paved the way to the Romanization. As for the Greeks, the Romans reserved a quite life and economic stability. Still beyond the Roman Rhine, Danube and Pontus there were others favouring to this concept of pan-European integration. The happy client kings used to be awarded with the Roman citizenship. And for the Julio- Claudians these client kingdoms formed the first defense-line of the Imperial territories. A little behind, the whole perimeter had been dotted by solid 45 saqarTvelos istoriis institutis Sromebi. XII legionary concentrations, proving the system to be impregnable. No cardinal changes took place in the era of the Antonines, except of annexation of the client kingdoms and breaking the big concentrations in favour of scattering the legions along the whole frontier. -
Medicinal Ethnobotany of Wild Plants
Kazancı et al. Journal of Ethnobiology and Ethnomedicine (2020) 16:71 https://doi.org/10.1186/s13002-020-00415-y RESEARCH Open Access Medicinal ethnobotany of wild plants: a cross-cultural comparison around Georgia- Turkey border, the Western Lesser Caucasus Ceren Kazancı1* , Soner Oruç2 and Marine Mosulishvili1 Abstract Background: The Mountains of the Western Lesser Caucasus with its rich plant diversity, multicultural and multilingual nature host diverse ethnobotanical knowledge related to medicinal plants. However, cross-cultural medicinal ethnobotany and patterns of plant knowledge have not yet been investigated in the region. Doing so could highlight the salient medicinal plant species and show the variations between communities. This study aimed to determine and discuss the similarities and differences of medicinal ethnobotany among people living in highland pastures on both sides of the Georgia-Turkey border. Methods: During the 2017 and 2018 summer transhumance period, 119 participants (74 in Turkey, 45 in Georgia) were interviewed with semi-structured questions. The data was structured in use-reports (URs) following the ICPC classification. Cultural Importance (CI) Index, informant consensus factor (FIC), shared/separate species-use combinations, as well as literature data were used for comparing medicinal ethnobotany of the communities. Results: One thousand five hundred six UR for 152 native wild plant species were documented. More than half of the species are in common on both sides of the border. Out of 817 species-use combinations, only 9% of the use incidences are shared between communities across the border. Around 66% of these reports had not been previously mentioned specifically in the compared literature. -
Menander Protector, Fragments 6.1-3
Menander Protector, Fragments 6.1-3 Sasanika Sources History of Menander the Guardsman (Menander Protector) was written at the end of the sixth century CE by a minor official of the Roman/Byzantine court. The original text is in Greek, but has survived only in a fragmentary form, quoted in compilations and other historical writings. The author, Menander, was a native of Constantinople, seemingly from a lowly class and initially himself not worthy of note. In a significant introductory passage, he courageously admits to having undertaken the writing of his History (’ st a) as a way of becoming more respectable and forging himself a career. He certainly was a contemporary and probably an acquaintance of the historian Theophylact Simocatta and worked within the same court of Emperor Maurice. His title of “Protector” seems to suggest a military position, but most scholars suspect that this was only an honorary title without any real responsibilities. Menander’s history claims to continue the work of Agathias and so starts from the date that Agathias left off, namely AD 557. His style of presentation, if not his actual writing style, are thus influenced by Agathias, although he seems much less partial than the former in presentation of the events. He seems to have had access to imperial archives and reports and consequently presents us with a seemingly accurate version of the events, although at time he might be exaggerating some of his facts. The following is R. C. Blockley’s English translation of the fragments 6.1-3 of Menander Protector’s History, which deals directly with the Sasanian-Roman peace treaty of 562 and provides us with much information about the details of negotiations that took place around this treaty. -
Some Notes on the Topography of Eastern Pontos Euxeinos in Late Antiquity and Early
Andrei Vinogradov SOME NOTES ON THE TOPOGRAPHY OF EASTERN PONTOS EUXEINOS IN LATE ANTIQUITY AND EARLY BYZANTIUM BASIC RESEARCH PROGRAM WORKING PAPERS SERIES: HUMANITIES WP BRP 82/HUM/2014 This Working Paper is an output of a research project implemented within NRU HSE’s Annual Thematic Plan for Basic and Applied Research. Any opinions or claims contained in this Working Paper do not necessarily reflect the views of HSE. Andrei Vinogradov1 SOME NOTES ON THE TOPOGRAPHY OF EASTERN PONTOS EUXEINOS IN LATE ANTIQUITY AND EARLY BYZANTIUM2 This paper clarifies some issues of late antique and early Byzantine topography of Eastern Pontos Euxeinos. These questions can be divided into two large groups: the ecclesiastical topography and the locations of Byzantine fortresses. The earliest testimony of Apostolic preaching on the Eastern black sea coast—the list of the apostles by Pseudo- Epiphanius—following the ‘Chronicon’ of Hyppolitus of Rome, unsuccessfully connects South- Eastern Pontos Euxeinos to Sebastopolis the Great (modern Sukhumi), which subsequently gives rise to an itinerary of the apostle Andrew. The Early Byzantine Church in the region had a complicated arrangement: the Zekchians, Abasgians and possibly Apsilians had their own bishoprics (later archbishoprics); the Lazicans had a metropolitan in Phasis (and not in their capital Archaeopolis) with five bishop-suffragans. Byzantine fortresses, mentioned in 7th c sources, are located mostly in Apsilia and Missimiania, in the Kodori valley, which had strategic importance as a route from -
Short History of Abkhazia and Abkhazian-Georgian Relations
HISTORY AND CONTROVERSY: SHORT HISTORY OF ABKHAZIA AND ABKHAZIAN-GEORGIAN RELATIONS Svetlana Chervonnaya (Chapter 2 from the book” Conflict in the Caucasus: Georgia, Abkhazia and the Russian Shadow”, Glastonbury, 1994) Maps: Andrew Andersen, 2004-2007 Below I shall try to give a short review of the history of Abkhazia and Abkhazian-Georgian relations. No claims are made as to an in-depth study of the remote past nor as to any new discoveries. However, I feel it necessary to express my own point of view about the cardinal issues of Abkhazian history over which fierce political controversies have been raging and, as far as possible, to dispel the mythology that surrounds it. So much contradictory nonsense has been touted as truth: the twenty five centuries of Abkhazian statehood; the dual aboriginality of the Abkhazians; Abkhazia is Russia; Abkhazians are Georgians; Abkhazians came to Western Georgia in the 19th century; Abkhazians as bearers of Islamic fundamentalism; the wise Leninist national policy according to which Abkhazia should have been a union republic, and Stalin's pro-Georgian intrigues which turned the treaty-related Abkhazian republic into an autonomous one. Early Times to 1917. The Abkhazian people (self-designation Apsua) constitute one of the most ancient autochthonous inhabitants of the eastern Black Sea littoral. According to the last All-Union census, within the Abkhazian ASSR, whose total population reached 537,000, the Abkhazians (93,267 in 1989) numbered just above 17% - an obvious ethnic minority. With some difference in dialects (Abzhu - which forms the basis of the literary language, and Bzyb), and also in sub- ethnic groups (Abzhu; Gudauta, or Bzyb; Samurzaqano), ethnically, in social, cultural and psychological respects the Abkhazian people represent a historically formed stable community - a nation. -
Interpretations of the Socio-Economic Structure of the Urartian Kingdom
UNIVERSITY OF LIVERPOOL SCHOOL OF HISTORIES, LANGUAGES AND CULTURES (ARCHAEOLOGY, CLASSICS AND EGYPTOLOGY) INTERPRETATIONS OF THE SOCIO-ECONOMIC STRUCTURE OF THE URARTIAN KINGDOM By ALİ ÇİFÇİ Submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirement for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy April 2014 Liverpool i To my parents Cennet ÇİFÇİ and Ali ÇİFÇİ ii ACKNOWLEDGMENTS Many people have helped me to complete this research and in particular I would like to thank to my supervisors, Alan M. Greaves and Christopher Tuplin, both of whom have provided me with ideas and advice on numerous occasions. Also I would like to thank to my examiners Bruce Routledge and Claudia Glatz for their comments and suggestions. I would also like to thank Paul Zimansky for reading the first drafts of my thesis and for his subsequent suggestions and advice as to how it could be improved. I must also express my gratitude to Kemalettin Köroğlu, who has been generous with his help and advice and Altan Çilingiroğlu for allowing me to participate in the Ayanis excavation and for scholarly conversations. Further thanks are due to Erkan Konyar, who generously provided unpublished information and to the Van Kalesi Höyüğü excavation team for their support. Mirjo Salvini, Mehmet Karaosmanoğlu and Stephan Kroll have also offered help and advice on various aspects of Urartian archaeology and I am also grateful to Magnus Widell for his help with cuneiform inscriptions. In addition, I would like to thank Emel Oybak Dönmez, Atilla Batmaz, Yervand Greakyan and Mehmet Ali Yılmaz for sending me literature that was helpful to my research.