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Ambar-eldaron.com Ambar-eldaron.com Ambar Eldaron presents its Quenya-English Dictionary English-Quenya Dictionary v. 1.0 © April 2009 1 Ambar-eldaron.com Ambar-eldaron.com Abbreviations: adj. adjective adv. adverb conj. conjunction excl. exclusive fem. feminine masc. masculine incl. Inclusive pers. personal pl. plural pp. past participle pref. prefix prep. preposition pron. pronoun, pronominal rel. relative (Þ) Represents earlier Þ (th as in "thing") and it should be spelt with the letter súlë instead of silmë in Tengwar writing sg singular vb. verb (...-) stem 2 Ambar-eldaron.com Ambar-eldaron.com This update of our Quenya Dictionary is for the first time in English, in the context of the new English part of our website. http://www.ambar-eldaron.com/english This dictionary is intended to be a practical tool for the study of (neo-) Quenya. In fact, we list only the latest known version of a word, without the forms abandoned or revised by Tolkien or the older forms . The latest released features of PE17 are enclosed. Only the definition of each word is proposed. For a deeper study of the Etymology of the words please refer to the reference in the matter, Helge Fauskanger’s Quettaparma. http://folk.uib.no/hnohf/wordlists.htm http://www.ambar-eldaron.com/eng-quen.pdf http://www.ambar-eldaron.com/quen-eng.pdf The main feature we propose is the complete listing of all the English- Quenya definitions, that is, when a Quenya word has many definitions in English, we report all of them in the English-Quenya section. So, under any of them, you’ll find your word. We hope this dictionary will be useful. 3 Ambar-eldaron.com Ambar-eldaron.com Quenya-English A a vocative particle O aira adj. red, ruddy a conj. and, a variant of ar aira adj. holy a , á imperative particle airë adj. holy acas, axë noun neck, the bony airë noun sea part of the neck, rock ridges airëa adj. holy acca adv. too airita- vb. hallow accar- vb. do back, react, avenge airon noun ocean acúna adj. bent, curved aista adj. holy aha noun rage, also name of aista- vb. bless tengwa #11 aiwë noun bird (small) ahosta noun large number Aiwenor, Aiwenorë place-name ahtar- vb. do back, react, avenge Birdland = lower air ahya- vb. change (intransitive) aiya interjection hail ai! interjection Ah! Alas! al- vb. thrive aia interjection hail, variant of ala- negative pref. not, un- aiya ala- vb. plant, grow aian noun holy thing or object or alaco noun rush, rushing flight, place wild wind aica adj. fell, terrible alahasta adj. unmarred aicalë noun peak alaië adv. no, not aicassë noun mountain peak alála- vb. grow continually ailin noun pool, lake alalbinóre noun land of many aimenal, aimenel noun lark Elms aina- vb. hallow, bless, treat as alalmë noun elm, elm-tree holy alalmë noun inflorescence aina adj holy alalvëa adj. having many elms ainas noun hallow, fane alalvinore noun land of many Aini noun feminine form of Ainu Elms ainima adj. blessed, holy (of Alamanya noun Elves who things) started on the march from Aino noun god Cuiviénen but did not reach Ainu noun holy one, angelic Aman spirit; fem. Aini alaquenta adj. well (happily) said aipio noun plum tree, cherry tree alarca adj. swift, rapid aiqua adj. steep alas (alast-) noun marble aiquen pron. if anybody, alasaila adj. unwise whoever alassë noun joy, merriment 4 Ambar-eldaron.com Ambar-eldaron.com alat- pref. large, great alya adj. fair, good albë noun elm am- pref. up alca noun ray of light amal noun mother alcar noun glory, brilliance, aman adj. blessed, free from evil splendour amanya adj. blessed alcarinqua adj. radiant, glorious amatixë noun dot or point placed Alcorin adj. Ilcorin above the line of writing alda noun tree amba adv. up Aldalemnar noun week of the amba adj. and noun more Trees, Midyear week ambal noun shaped stone, flag aldarembina adj. tree-tangled ambalë noun yellow bird aldarwa adj having trees ambalotsë noun uprising-flower Aldëa noun fourth day of the amban noun upward slope, hill- Eldarin six-day week, dedicated side to Telperion, the White Tree ambapenda adj. uphill aldëon noun avenue of trees ambar noun Earth, world aldinga noun treetop ambar noun doom alenessë, alanessë noun ambassë noun breast-plate, nicotiana, pipeweed hauberk alima adj. fair, good ambë adv. more alla! interjection hail! welcome! ambë adv. more alma noun good fortune, wealth ambela adv. further still beyond, alma noun flower far away beyond almarë noun blessedness, good ambena adv. nearer to, (to a fortune further point in the motion) almárëa adj. blessed towards an object almë noun good thing, blessing, ambo noun hill piece of good fortune ambos (ambost-) noun breast, almië noun blessedness, good chest fortune ambuna adj. of flat ground Alqualondë place-name capital dotted with hills etc. of the Teleri amil noun mother Alquarámë noun Swan-wing amilyë noun mummy alta adj. large, great ammalë noun yellow bird alta noun radiance ammë noun mother Altariel fem. name Galadriel, amna adv. nearer to, (to a further maiden crowned with a radiant point in the motion) towards an garland object alu noun dressed leather amorta- vb. heave alvë noun elm ampa noun hook, also name of alya adj. rich, abundant tengwa #14 alya- vb. cause to prosper, bless ampano noun building (a work), help one (especially of wood), wooden hall 5 Ambar-eldaron.com Ambar-eldaron.com ampenda adj. uphill anon noun son ampendë noun upward slope anqualë noun agony, death amya- pref. good anta- vb. give amya noun my mother used in anta noun face address antë noun giver ( fem. ) an conj. and prep. for anto noun mouth, also name of an- intensive or superlative pref. tengwa #13 very, most anto noun giver (masc.) ana- pref.: to, towards antoryamë noun strengthening, ana prep. to anwa adj. real, actual, true ananta conj. and yet, but yet ap- vb. touch (one) in the Anar noun Sun figurative sense; concern, affect anarórë noun sunrise apa prep. after anca noun jaws, row of teeth apa prep. on (contact of vertical Ancalë noun radiant one = Sun surfaces) ancalima adj. brightest apa conj. but anda adj. long apacenyë noun foresight andamacil noun long sword apairë noun victory andamunda noun elephant Apanónar noun After-born, an andanéya adv. long ago, once Elvish name of Mortal Men as the upon a time Second-born of Ilúvatar ando noun gate, also name of aparuivë noun wild fire – fire as tengwa #5 conflagration ando adv. long appa- vb. touch (in the literal andon (andond-) noun great gate sense) Andórë noun full form of Andor, apsa noun cooked food, meat land of gift, name of Númenor apsene- vb. forgive andúna adj. western aqua adv. fully, completely andúnë noun sunset, west, aquapahtië noun privacy evening ar- pref. outside, beside Andúril noun Flame of the West, ar- prep. by sword-name ar conj. and anel noun daughter ar noun day anessë noun given name Ar Fanturion noun Day of the anga noun iron Fanturi (Mandos and Lorien) angaina adj. of iron Ar Manwen noun Day of Manwe angaitya noun torment Ar Ulmon noun Day of Ulmo angayanda adj. miserable Ar Veruen noun Day of the angayassë noun misery Spouses (Aule and Yavanna) ango (angu-, pl. angwi) noun ára noun dawn snake Ara-, ar- pref. noble angulócë noun dragon aran noun king anna noun gift 6 Ambar-eldaron.com Ambar-eldaron.com Arandóre noun King’s-land = arya- vb. excel Arnor arya noun twelve hours, day aranel (aranell-) noun princess arya adj. exelling, used as the aranië noun kingdom comparative form of mára aranus(së) noun kingship aryon noun heir aranya adj. free. as prép. with arata adj. high, lofty, noble asa- (Þ) pref. denoting easiness in Aratar noun the Supreme, the doing (as- before p, t, c, q, s ) chief Valar asalastë (Þ) adj. easily heard arato noun noble asambar, asambaro noun aráto noun champion, eminent neighbour man asar (Þ) noun festival arauca adj. swift, rushing ascat- vb. break asunder arauco noun terrible creature; ascenë (Þ) adj. visible, easily demon seen arca adj. narrow ascénima (Þ) adj. visible, easily arca- vb. pray seen arcandë noun petition asëa (Þ) adj. helpful, kindly arda noun realm asëa (Þ) adj. healing plant called Ardaranyë noun Kingdom of in Sindarin athelas Arda asië (Þ) noun ease, comfort arë conj. and assa noun hole, opening, mouth árë noun day asta noun month arië noun daytime asta- vb. heat, bake (by exposure arin noun morning to sun) arinya adj. morning in the astar noun faith, loyalty (not adjectival sense belief) arma adj. ray of sunlight astarindo noun bystander armar noun goods ( pl. ) (supporter) armaro noun neighbour astarmo noun bystander, mainly arquen noun noble used in the sense witness arta adv. etcetera asto noun dust arta adj. exalted, lofty asya- (Þ) vb. ease, assist, comfort arta noun fort, fortress at- pref. two arta prep. across ata adv. again, also artarindo noun bystander ata-, at- pref. back, again, re- (supporter) ataformaitë adj. ambidextrous artaurë noun realm ataformo noun ambidexter artuilë noun morning (early) atalantë noun downfall Arveruen noun third day of the atalantëa adj. downfallen Valinorian week of 5 days, atalta- vb. collapse, fall in dedicated to Aule and Yavanna atamaitë adj. two-handed arwa adj. possessing 7 Ambar-eldaron.com Ambar-eldaron.com Atan noun Second Folk, an Auzel pl. Auzeldi noun Vanyarin Elvish name of Mortal Men form (and original form) of ataquanta- vb. refall Aureldi ataquë noun construction, av- vb. depart building ava- pref. indicating something atar noun father forbidden ataryo noun daddy ava- pref. without atsa noun catch, hook ava- vb refuse or prohibit atta cardinal two áva, avá negative imperative attaformaitë adj.
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  • The Perfect Language and the Mathematicians

    The Perfect Language and the Mathematicians

    Jekyll.comm 1 – marzo 2002 Mathematicians and the perfect language: Giuseppe Peano’s case By Daniele Gouthier, Nico Pitrelli and Ivan Pupolizo Master’s Degree Course in Scientific Communication – ISAS – Trieste – Italy Attempts to create an International Artificial Language (IAL) have kept pace with the evolution of modern science. Ever since Galileo’s time, scientists have been interested in how to create a perfect language (the adjective “perfect” takes on the meaning of “universal” or “unambiguous” depending on the period) capable of supporting communication at a horizontal level i.e. within the scientific community, and at a vertical level, i.e. between scientists and the public. The first goal of this article is to describe briefly how this need for a perfect language developed over the past years. Special attention will be spent on the mathematicians’ role, especially Giuseppe Peano’s. The second goal is to illustrate how Giuseppe Peano’s contribution to this debate proved twofold and led to various conclusions. The Italian mathematician played a leading role in the creation of a perfect language, both at a horizontal and a vertical level. On the one hand, there is his successful attempt to introduce a standard logical and symbolic system of notation, which became essential for communication among mathematicians. On the other hand, there is the complete failure of his ambitious Latino sine flexione (Latin without inflection), a perfect language which died with its creator. Introduction People have been interested in the creation of a perfect language for more than two thousand years. From ancient Greek philosophers to present PC programmers, the search for a universal language is ever present in the history of culture and, more specifically, of science.
  • THE CIRTH the Certhas Daeron Was Originallypb Devisedmt Tod Representnk Theg Soundsnr of Sindarinls Only

    THE CIRTH the Certhas Daeron Was Originallypb Devisedmt Tod Representnk Theg Soundsnr of Sindarinls Only

    THE CIRTH The Certhas Daeron was originallypb devisedmt tod representnk theg soundsNr of SindarinlS only. The oldest cirth were , , , ; , , ; , , ; , ; , ziueo 1 2 5 6 8 9 12¤ 18 ¥19 22 29 31 35 ; , , , ; and a certh varying between and . The assignment 36 39 42 46 50 iue o 13 15 of values was unsystematic. , , and were vowels and remained so ¤ 39 42 ¥ 46 50 S in all later developments. 13 and 15 were used for h or s, according as 35 was used for s or h. This tendency to hesitate in the assignment of values for s and h continued in laterpl arangements. In those characters that consisted of a ‘stem’ and a ‘branch’, 1 – 31 , the attachment of the branch was, if on one side only, usually made on the right side. The reverse was not infrequent, but had no phonetic significance. The extension and elaboration of this certhas was called in its older form the Angerthas Daeron, since the additions to the old cirth and their re-organization was attributed to¤ Daeron.§ The principal additions, however, the introductions of two new series, 13 – 17 , and 23 – 28 , were actually most probably inventions of the Noldor of Eregion, since they were used for the representation of sounds not found in Sindarin. In the rearrangement of the Angerthas the following principles are observable (evidently inspired by the F¨eanorian system): (1) adding a stroke to a brance added a ‘voice’; (2) reversing the certh indicated opening to a ‘spirant’; (3) placing the branch on both sides of the stem added voice and nasality.