Packery Channel Tidal Inlet Protection Strategy

Extracts from surveys done By The National Spill Control School - Texas A&M Corpus Christi 2014 13.0 Packery Channel

Packery Channel is the dividing line between North Padre Island and Mustang Island. The channel and jetties were completed by the United States Army Corps of Engineers (USACE) in 2006. Nueces County Parks are located at the beaches on either side of the pass. Packery Channel is primarily used for recreational purposes; no commercial shipping vessels enter through Packery Channel.

Image retrieved from http://www.cbi.tamucc.edu/Lanmon-Aerial-Photography/

132 Field Survey Date: October 2, 2013 13.1. Overview of the Packery Channel Response Strategy Figure PC-1 illustrates the recommended response strategy for Packery Channel. Refer to Section 13.12.1-5 for detailed response strategies including boom configurations and collection points.

Figure PC-1: Packery Channel Response Strategy 133 Field Survey Date: October 2, 2013 13.2. Preliminary Protection Strategy

For every offshore oil spill the primary strategy is to collect oil in the Gulf of Mexico. Oil that cannot be collected offshore should be diverted away from the tidal inlet. If oil enters the tidal inlet, a series of collection, protection, and deflection boom configurations are established in logical locations to maximize oil capture. A roaming skimmer will operate within the channel to supplement the collection of oil along the wider sides and eddies of the inlet.

At Packery Channel, oil should be captured before flowing under the TX-361 Bridge. Reduced current flows, eddies, easy access, logical collection points, and relatively calm and protected waters all exist seaward of the TX-361 Bridge. The ability to easily collect oil decreases after it is carried by stronger currents and more turbulent waters under the TX-361 Bridge. If oil does pass under the TX-361 Bridge it may be difficult to keep it from entering the more sensitive habitats of the Laguna Madre. Several natural collection points identified by the accumulation of debris, seaweeds, and trash have been incorporated into this booming strategy.

Several drainage pipes are located throughout the interlocking brick shoreline; these pipes serve as French drains and may convey water to and from nearby tidal basins during storm events. Methods should be used to plug and prevent oil from entering these pipes.

The order in which boom configurations & equipment are deployed is vital to the effectiveness of a response strategy. Ocean boom should be established as soon as possible to prevent oil from entering the inlet. Primary configurations are the backbone of the response strategy and should be deployed first. Secondary configurations should be deployed once all of the primary configurations are established. Tertiary configurations are the final configurations that should be deployed. Table PC-1 lists the Site Names in Section 13.12.1-5 and their deployment ranking.

Site Names Deployment Ranking Packery Channel (PC) Ocean Boom Primary Ocean Boom Collection Point #1 Primary Collection South Side Channel Protection Primary Protection Collection Points #3 & #4 Secondary Collection Collection Point #5 Tertiary Collection Table PC-1: Packery Channel Sites and Their Deployment Ranking

134 Field Survey Date: October 2, 2013 13.3. Inlet Characteristics

Degree of Difficulty Ranking: Inlet Classification: Artificial Inlet (C) Relatively Easy (see Section 6.3 for complete details)

Inlet Width: Packery Channel has two distinct inlet widths. The width at the inlet mouth between the tips of the jetties is approximately 220 feet. The inlet remains relatively narrow for the full length of the jetties. The width between the boat launch ramps and the south bank is 870 feet.

Inlet Length: Packery Channel is approximately 5,850 feet in length measuring from the mouth of the jetties to the TX-361 Bridge.

Inlet Depth: Packery Channel generally ranges from 10 to 22 feet deep in the main channel with the deepest area being a scour northwest of the bridge. The swash platforms range in depth from 0 to 8 feet on the north side and from 0 to 9 feet on the south side in the vicinity of the inlet’s widest point. The launch ramp depth is greater than 5 feet. Additional depth information is available in Section13.4 Inlet Transects.

Current Speed and Direction: Strong currents at Packery Channel are present in the center of the channel and dissipate towards the banks. Currents become much slower in areas where the channel widens near the north and south swash platforms seaward of TX-361 Bridge. The strongest currents are present under the TX-361 Bridge as the water is forced through this narrow pinch-point. A small channel intersects Packery Channel on the south side and leads to an area known as Lake Padre. This side channel has a slight tidal current, which may aid in collection point establishment.

Tidal Information: Packery Channel experiences normal diurnal tides with wind and storm driven tidal fluctuations. The maximum and minimum current velocity over a 4 year period (01/01/2010 – 12/31/2013) was 2.30 to -2.70 knots. The average high and low tides over this period were 1.225 and -1.085 knots, respectively.

135 Field Survey Date: October 2, 2013 Eddy Locations: Significant eddies occur at the widest area of Packery Channel on the north and south swash platforms seaward of the TX-361 Bridge. The largest of these eddies is from the mouth of the south side channel floodgates to the TX-361 Bridge. Two more eddies exist on either side of the launch ramp where trash and seaweed gather. Two additional eddies occur north of TX-361 near the banks. See Figure PC-2 for a detailed map of eddy locations.

Figure PC-2: Packery Channel Eddy Locations

Longshore Flow Direction: Packery Channel jetties are generally accepted to be the natural convergence point between the north and south longshore currents. During the summer months, the southeast trade winds produce longshore currents moving to the north. In the winter months longshore currents can shift to a southerly direction, pushed by strong north winds. The longshore currents should be monitored during seasonal changes due to unpredictable movement patterns.

Sediment Type: Packery Channel predominantly consists of a hard sandy bottom. The adjoining south side channel consists of a sandy mud bottom. Sediments in the center channel are continually being transported by the strongest currents and additional anchoring may be required.

136 Field Survey Date: October 2, 2013 Points of Interest: A large paved parking lot is connected to the well maintained launch ramps and an additional smaller parking lot is located adjacent to the large parking lot. As of 2014, a portable restroom is found at the smaller parking lot. Land based fuel is located within one mile of Packery Channel launch ramp. Fuel, Sea Tow, and additional launch ramps are located about 2 miles northwest of the TX-361 Bridge, where Packery Channel intersects with the Intracoastal Waterway (ICW), adjacent to the John F. Kennedy Causeway Bridge (JFK Causeway).

Shoreline Type: Large riprap comprises the jetty structure. There is a distinct transition landward from the large riprap jetties to small riprap. Another shoreline transition occurs from small riprap to interlocking brick along the channel sides. These interlocking bricks have been installed along the slopes from the small riprap to the parking lot on the north side of the channel and from the small riprap to the TX-361 Bridge on the south side. Intermittently spaced throughout are small areas of small riprap to fill in erosion concaves in the interlocking bricks. There are intermittent French drain pipes passing through the interlocking bricks at the water level. On the south side of Packery Channel there are two large concrete bulkheads with a side channel leading to an area known as Lake Padre. This side inlet is vegetated with a narrow sandy bank. There are stabilized concrete bulkheads near residential developments further back in the Lake Padre area. On the east bank landward of the TX-361 Bridge, tidal flats and marsh grass with small sandy areas dominate the area. The west bank landward of TX-361 Bridge has a small sandy area followed by man-made structures and piers.

137 Field Survey Date: October 2, 2013 13.4. Inlet Transects

Any inlet has the potential to undergo significant changes in the bottom profile due to sediment erosion and deposition. Tides, storms, and longshore currents can cause bottom shifting and reconfiguration. Jetties may limit or slow such shifts. Packery Channel was measured in 2014. Figure PC-3 illustrates the locations of the depth transects. Figure PC-4 through Figure PC-10 show a detailed graph of each of the recorded depth transects.

Figure PC-3: Packery Channel Depth Transect Locations

138 Field Survey Date: October 2, 2013

Figure PC-4: Depth Transect from the South Bank to the North Bank

Figure PC-5: Depth Transect from the South Bank to the North Bank

Figure PC-6: Depth Transect from the South Bank to the North Bank

139 Field Survey Date: October 2, 2013

Figure PC-7: Depth Transect at the Entrance to the South Side Channel

Figure PC-8: Depth Transect from the South Bank to the Packery Channel Launch Ramp

Figure PC-9: Depth Transect South of TX-361 Bridge

140 Field Survey Date: October 2, 2013

Figure PC-10: Depth Transect North of TX-361 Bridge

13.5. Principle Resources at Risk

The most notable features of this inlet include the Packery Channel jetties, TX-361 Bridge, the launch ramp, and the adjoining Nueces County Park beaches. Landward of the bridge are more sensitive habitats of the Laguna Madre and Corpus Christi Bay. Several private properties with docks and large recreational boats are located along the west bank of Packery Channel just north of the TX-361 Bridge.

Packery Channel and the adjoining beaches are easily accessible and are a popular tourist destination. This area is known for many recreational activities such as boating, fishing, kayaking, surfing, and snorkeling. Packery Channel is a migratory pass used by numerous species of marine life and birds. Responders should be especially aware that certain species are common in the pass and could be adversely affected by spilled oils or response actions. These include numerous bird species, various species of marine turtles, and occasionally marine mammals like dolphins. Some of these species are endangered, threatened, or otherwise protected. Vegetative cover and immobile species exist in all of the adjoining coastal habitats. Responders should use appropriate caution in any areas that are not paved or covered by riprap. Avoid vehicular travel in vegetated grasslands to minimize the chance for wildfires initiated by exhaust heat.

For further information, including a list of sensitive species found within the vicinity of Packery Channel, refer to the two Environmental Sensitivity Index (ESI) maps identified below:

ESI located at Texas General Land Office TOOLKIT: http://gisweb.glo.texas.gov/atlas/atlas/lo_texas/maps/cranesw.pdf ESI located at Texas General Land Office TOOLKIT: http://gisweb.glo.texas.gov/atlas/atlas/lo_texas/maps/craneinw.pdf

141 Field Survey Date: October 2, 2013 13.6. Safety Hazards

General safety concerns related to response activities at all coastal inlets are listed in Section 4.0. Special safety precautions associated with Packery Channel include surface hazards, traffic, animal interactions, and tourism. The jetties have paved walkways with hand rails allowing easy access on top of the jetty structure. The walkways and jetty rocks may become slippery when wet and may form extremely slippery algal growth due to constantly being subjected to splash. Caution should be used when traversing all parts of the jetties, riprap, or shorelines in this inlet. Even the sloped interlocking brick pavers are very slippery when wet. Caution should be taken to avoid interaction with stingrays, mosquitoes, and rattlesnakes. Fishing gear and fish carcasses may also represent hazards. Overhead electrical power lines with low clearance run parallel to Packery Channel near the bridge. These lines are particularly noticeable due to the fishing gear hanging from them. A small underwater rocky obstruction exists just southeast of the TX-361 Bridge, between the bridge and the launch ramp. It may or may not be visible depending on water clarity and tide levels. Expect large amounts of vehicular, recreational vessel, and pedestrian traffic as well as curious tourists whenever response operations are being conducted at this location.

13.7. Response Times

Packery Channel is readily accessible from the major metropolitan area of Corpus Christi, Texas. Paved road access is available from Padre Island Drive and TX-361 to the launch ramp and to most of the northern margins of the channel. Travel times to the Packery Channel launch ramp are listed below in Table PC-2.

Start Point Distance Time TGLO Region 3 Office 13 miles 17 minutes TGLO Region 4 Office via I-69, US-77, & FM-665 170 miles 2 hours & 30 minutes TGLO Region 5 Office via TX-35 & TX-358 104 miles 1 hour & 40 minutes TGLO Region 5 Office via TX-35 & TX-361 90 miles 2 hours plus ferry time Harbor Bridge Corpus Christi via TX-286 & TX-358 23 miles 24 minutes Corpus Christi International Airport via TX-358 24 miles 25 minutes Robstown Borchard Center via TX-44 & TX-358 33 miles 35 minutes Port Aransas Ferry Landing via TX-361 18 miles 22 minutes Ingleside via TX-35 & TX-358 39 miles 40 minutes Ingleside via Port Aransas Ferry 30 miles 1 hour plus ferry time Galveston, TX via TX-35 240 miles 4 hours Houston, TX via US-59, US-77, I-37, & TX-358 237 miles 3 hours & 30 minutes San Antonio, TX via I-37 & TX-358 161 miles 2 hours & 15 minutes Launch Ramps at JFK Causeway via water 2.25 nautical miles 14 minutes (speed of 10 knots) Ingleside via water (speed of 10 knots) 16 nautical miles 96 minutes Harbor Bridge via water (speed of 10 knots) 17.5 nautical miles 105 minutes Table PC-2: Travel Times to the Packery Channel Launch Ramps

142 Field Survey Date: October 2, 2013 13.8. Possible Staging Areas

A large parking lot is located at the Packery Channel launch ramp, and runs parallel to the north bank of the inlet. It provides easy access to the channel and is visible from TX-361. The parking lot along the north side of the inlet has several small open shade and picnic structures. A portable restroom is stationed at this location. A second paved parking lot is located at the Nueces County Park north of Zahn Road, behind (west of) the sand dunes north of the Packery Channel. This area is currently closed to the public but could be used in the event of an emergency.

The secondary staging area is located about 2 miles northwest of the TX-361 Bridge, where Packery Channel intersects with the ICW adjacent to the JFK Causeway. A large paved parking lot, fuel, and additional launch ramps are available.

13.9. Inlet Accessibility

Vehicle Access: 2WD vehicles can easily access the paved roads on the north side of Packery Channel. 4WD vehicles are necessary to access any of the trails or beaches on the south side of Packery Channel. Off-road trails can be found all around Packery Channel allowing access to any section of shoreline. See Figure PC-11 for a detailed map of 4WD accessible roads.

Figure PC-11: 4WD Accessible Roads at Packery Channel

143 Field Survey Date: October 2, 2013 Vessel Access: The easiest access to Packery Channel by trailerable vessels is by the well maintained launch ramps located in the Packery Channel inlet. Ramps are capable of launching and recovering four trailer-able boats simultaneously. Alternatively, two public launch ramps are located about 2 miles from the inlet adjacent to the JFK Causeway at the ICW. Access to the mouth of Packery Channel can be reached through these boat ramps by heading east. The channel between the ICW and the inlet has two sharp turns but clearly marked navigation aids are present throughout the channel under normal conditions. The TX-361 Bridge has a low clearance; larger vessels requiring more than 10 feet of clearance may be restricted by height.

Aerial Access: The closest established helicopter landing zone is at the Naval Air Station Corpus Christi Army Depot (NAS-CCAD) and the Lone Pine Production Association (27° 42 57.1170 N / 097° 10 22.9590 W) on Mustang Island. The closest airfield is located at the NAS-CCAD. As of 2014, the United States Coast Guard (USCG) operates aerial operations from the NAS-CCAD. The Mustang Beach Airport on Mustang Island is a small private airport northwest of Packery Channel. This small airport is home to a single runway and helipad. The nearest international and commercial airport is the Corpus Christi International Airport, 24 miles WNW.

13.10. Nearby Waste Disposal Facilities

Multiple waste disposal facilities are located within the Corpus Christi Metropolitan Area. The Corpus Christi Sector Area Contingency Plan lists various nearby waste disposal facilities that may accept spilled oil and residues:

Southwest Land and Marine Allied Waste Service of Corpus Christi 7300 Greenwood Dr. 4414 Agnes Street Corpus Christi, Texas Corpus Christi, Texas Phone: 361-855-4551 Phone: 361-882-1878

Waste Management El Centro Landfill, Allied Waste Industries 4010 Callis Street 3189 County Road 69 Victoria, Texas Robstown, Texas Phone: 361-578-0982 Phone: 361-767-7905

US Ecology Texas L.P. 3277 County Road 69 Robstown, Texas Phone: 361-387-3518

Prior arrangements should be made before transporting oil and residues to these locations.

144 Field Survey Date: October 2, 2013 13.11. Minimum Resources Required

Response strategies require a variety and a minimum quantity of resources to be effective. The recommended response strategy for Packery Channel is broken down into sites in section 13.12.1-5. Each site includes a table that lists necessary resources and their minimum quantities to fulfill the response action. Different environmental conditions may alter the type and quantity of resources required. Table PC-3 lists the types of resources and their respective total amounts to successfully carry out the response strategy.

Resource Type Total Amount for Packery Channel

Anchors (This number is calculated using single anchor systems) 5 Anchor System Line (Anchor, Trip, Mooring) 991 feet Posts 5 Ocean Boom 800 Inshore Boom 3,700 feet Skimmers 4 Vessels 6 + Offshore booming vessel People 20-24+ Table PC-3: Resource Types & Amounts for the Packery Channel Response Strategy.

145 Field Survey Date: October 2, 2013 13.12.1. Boom Configuration and Collection Areas

Site Name: Packery Channel Ocean Boom

Relative Location: This boom configuration is located east of the Packery Channel jetties.

Currents: Strong longshore currents and large waves are present, especially at the mouth of the inlet.

Shoreline Description: End of the rock jetties.

Access to Boom Configuration: A deep draft work vessel capable of deploying large ocean boom and large anchor systems may be required for this boom configuration.

Depth: The Packery Channel jetties protrude underwater. The depth at this site ranges from 7 to 16 feet deep. Shoaling can occur along the south jetty and at the mouth of the inlet, particularly after strong storms.

Anchoring: Large anchors (greater than 75 pounds) are necessary to hold this boom configuration in place against the wave action and the strong longshore currents. Jetty rocks may be used as a permanent mooring location to anchor the landward side of the ocean boom. This boom configuration requires 2 anchor systems and 330 feet of anchor system line.

Water, weather, and jetty conditions should be evaluated before establishing this boom configuration. Responders may need to adjust the configuration to increase deflection capabilities and minimize the safety risk based on environmental conditions. If the anchor point on the jetty is determined to be unsafe or otherwise undesirable, the responders may choose alternative placement. Placing a shoreward anchor point in the water and outside the tip of the jetty with the boom passing near the end of the jetty is recommended. More oil will be deflected if the boom passes close to the jetty.

Boom Classification: This boom configuration is comprised of ocean boom.

Description: Ocean boom may be used in the Gulf of Mexico to deflect oil from entering this inlet. The boom is connected to the end of the Packery Channel jetties and placed at an angle to the longshore currents. Ocean boom should be monitored constantly to confirm the alignment and position of this boom configuration. This boom configuration requires 800 feet of boom.

146 Field Survey Date: October 2, 2013 Resources Required:

Resource Type Total Amount

Anchors 2 Anchor System Line (Anchor, Trip, Mooring) 330 feet Ocean Boom 800 feet

147 Field Survey Date: October 2, 2013 13.12.2. Boom Configuration and Collection Areas

Site Name: Collection Point #1

Relative Location: Collection Point #1 is located next to the Packery Channel launch ramp.

Latitude: 27°37’04.3904” N Longitude: 97°12’44.5406” W

Currents: Strong currents are present in the center of the channel. Current velocities dissipate on the swash platforms located on both sides of the channel.

Shoreline Description: The shoreline at Collection Point #1 consists of small riprap, interlocking bricks, and bulkhead.

Access to Collection Point: 2WD vehicles can easily access the paved roads on the north side of Packery Channel. Temporary storage devices can be utilized until appropriate methods allow for land or water access to the collection points.

Depth: The depth at Collection Point #1 ranges from 2 to 4 feet. The depth of the leg of boom anchored in the channel ranges from 8 to 12 feet.

Anchoring: Pillars located on the banks of the shore provide permanent mooring points for boom on the edge of the water. A post driven into the substrate is required to hold the boom where pillars are absent on the north bank. Anchor systems within the main channel may have to resist strong currents. A large single anchor or double anchor system may be required to minimize boom movement. Collection Point #1 requires 1 anchor system, 1 post, and 112 feet of anchor system line.

Boom Classification: Collection Point #1 is comprised of inshore boom.

Description: Collection Point #1 is established next to the Packery Channel launch ramps. A post driven into the substrate forms the apex of the collection point. One leg of the configuration is placed along the interlocking brick shoreline. The other leg of the configuration is placed towards the center of the inlet to increase the oil capture rate. Collection Point #1 requires 750 feet of boom. Boom placed in the center of the main channel is positioned at a 13° angle to handle a 3 knot current that is generally associated with Packery Channel.

148 Field Survey Date: October 2, 2013 Resources Required:

Resource Type Total Amount

Anchor 1 Anchor System Line (Anchor, Trip, Mooring) 112 feet Posts 2 Inshore Boom 750 feet Skimmers 1

149 Field Survey Date: October 2, 2013 13.12.3. Boom Configuration and Collection Areas

Site Name: South Side Channel Protection & Roaming Skimmer Vessel

Relative Location: This boom configuration is located at the entrance to the south side channel. The roaming skimming vessel moves within the inlet collecting oil that is present.

Currents: Minimal currents are present in the center of the south side channel. Current velocities dissipate on the swash platforms located on both sides of the channel.

Shoreline Description: The shoreline around this boom configuration consists of interlocking bricks and concrete bulkhead.

Access to Boom Configuration: Shallow draft vessels capable of deploying boom and anchor systems may be required for this boom configuration. Alternately, south side channel is a narrow channel; boom deployment maybe completed by on shore personal. 4WD vehicles are necessary to access any of the trails or beaches on the south side. Trail improvement may be necessary if conditions do not allow for vehicle access. Temporary roads can be constructed by installing planks or mobile grates to improve surface traction.

Depth: The depth at this boom configuration ranges from 0-6 feet. Anchor points are established on land

Anchoring: Pillars located on the banks of the shore provide permanent mooring points for boom on the edge of the water. This boom configuration requires 100 feet of anchor system line.

Boom Classification: This boom configuration is comprised of inshore boom.

Description: This boom configuration is established at the entrance to the south side channel. This configuration protects the sensitive areas within the south side channel. Boom is position on the western point of the south side channel and run across to the eastern point of the south side channel. This Boom Configuration requires 250 feet of inshore boom.

150 Field Survey Date: October 2, 2013 A skimming vessel may be maneuvered into position in the center of Brazos Santiago Pass to collect oil carried by currents in the center of the channel. A skimmer vessel can maximize the ability of responders to collect oil in the throat of the channel and its maneuverability may minimize or eliminate the disruption of ocean going vessel traffic. To maximize collection capabilities, skimmer vessels may be used at the apex of a V-boom configuration. Boom affixed to the skimmer vessel may be pulled by other vessels, or anchored in the channel or along the shore.

Resources Required:

Resource Type Total Amount

Anchor System Line (Anchor, Trip, Mooring) 100 feet Inshore Boom 250 feet Roaming Skimming Vessel 1

151 Field Survey Date: October 2, 2013 13.12.4. Boom Configuration and Collection Areas

Site Name: Collection Points #2 & #3

Relative Location: Collection Point #2 is located on the north bank between TX-361 and Packery Channel launch ramps. Collection Point #3 is located on the south bank.

Site Name: Latitude: Longitude: Collection 27°37’09.0899” N 97°12’46.7145” W Point #2 Collection 27°37’00.6607” N 97°12’53.0134” W Point #3

Currents: Strong currents are present in the center of channel. Current velocities dissipate on swash platforms located on both sides of the channel.

Shoreline Description: The shoreline at Collection Point #2 consists of small riprap and tidal flats. The shoreline at Collection Point #3 consists of interlocking bricks.

Access to Collection Points: 2WD vehicles can easily access the paved roads on the north side of Packery Channel. 4WD vehicles are necessary to access any of the trails or beaches on the south side. Trail improvement may be necessary if conditions do not allow for vacuum truck access. Temporary roads can be constructed by installing planks or mobile grates to improve surface traction. Temporary storage devices can be utilized until appropriate methods allow for land or water access to the collection points. On water recovery is suitable for Collection Point #4.

Depth: The depth at Collection Point #2 ranges from 2 to 4 feet. The depth of the leg of boom anchored in the channel ranges from 17 to 19 feet. The depth at Collection Point #3 ranges from 2 to 6 feet. The depth of the leg of boom anchored in the channel ranges from 17 to 19 feet.

Anchoring: Pillars located on the banks of the shore provide anchor points for boom on the edge of the water. Posts driven into the substrate are required to hold the boom where pillars are absent on the north bank. On the south bank, posts are unable to be driven into the ground because of the steep drop off and the interlocking bricks. A shoreline anchor system with larger anchor can be attached to the bank and placed over the boom to can create the necessary apex in the collection point. The shoreline anchor system holds the boom near the bank. Anchor systems within the main channel have to resist strong currents. A large single anchor or double anchor system may be required to minimize boom movement. Collection Point #2 requires 1

152 Field Survey Date: October 2, 2013 anchor system, 3 posts, and 162 feet of anchor system line. Collection Point #3 requires 1 anchor system and 237 feet of anchor system line.

Boom Classification: Collection Points #2 & #3 are comprised of inshore boom.

Description: Collection Point #2 is established in the tidal flat on the north bank of Packery Channel. A post driven into the substrate forms the apex of the collection point. One leg of the boom is connected to the Packery Channel parking lot. The other boom leg is placed into the main channel to increase the oil capture rate. Collection Point #2 requires 1,200 feet of boom. Collection Point #3 is established on the south bank of Packery Channel. The apex of the collection point is formed by a shoreline anchor system that is placed over the boom. One leg of the configuration is placed along the interlocking bricks. The other leg of the configuration is placed into the main channel to increase the oil capture rate. Collection Point #3 requires 950 feet of boom. Boom is positioned at an angle to handle a 3 knot current that is generally associated with Packery Channel.

Specific Hazard: An underwater rock pile is near Collection Point #2. Electrical power lines with low clearance and hanging fishing gear could pose a risk. Caution is advised when deploying and working around these areas.

Resources Required:

Resource Type Total Amount

Anchors 2 Anchor System Line (Anchor, Trip, Mooring) 399 feet Posts 3 Inshore Boom 2,150 feet Skimmers 2

153 Field Survey Date: October 2, 2013 13.12.5. Boom Configuration and Collection Areas

Site Name: Collection Point #4

Relative Location: Collection Point #4 is located north of TX-361 on the west bank.

Latitude: 27°37’12.2759” N Longitude: 97°12’54.7871” W

Currents: Strong currents are present in the center of channel. Currents exceed the known normal current velocity range under the TX-361 Bridge.

Shoreline Description: The shoreline at Collection Point #4 consists of sandy beach.

Access to Collection Points: 2WD vehicles can easily access the paved roads on the north side of Packery Channel. 4WD vehicles are necessary to access any of the trails or beaches on the south side. Trail improvement may be necessary if conditions do not allow for vacuum truck access. Temporary roads can be constructed by installing planks or mobile grates to improve surface traction. Temporary storage devices can be utilized until appropriate methods allow for land or water access to the collection points. On water recovery is suitable for collection point #4.

Depth: The depth at Collection Point #4 ranges from 0 to 4 feet. The depth of the leg of boom anchored to the east bank ranges from 0 to 4 feet.

Anchoring: Posts driven into the substrate are required to hold the boom for Collection Point #4. Collection Point #4 requires 3 posts and 50 feet of anchor system line.

Boom Classification: Collection Point #4 is comprised of inshore boom.

Description: Collection Point #4 is established on the west bank. A post driven into the substrate forms the apex of the collection point. One leg of the configuration is placed diagonally across Packery Channel. Collection Point #4 requires 550 feet of boom. Boom is positioned at a 13° angle to withstand a 3 knot current that is generally associated with Packery Channel.

Specific Hazard: Electrical power lines with low clearance and hanging fishing gear could pose a risk. Caution is advised when deploying and working around this area.

154 Field Survey Date: October 2, 2013 Resources Required:

Resource Type Total Amount

Anchor System Line (Anchor, Trip, Mooring) 50 feet Posts 3 Inshore Boom 550 feet Skimmers 1

155 Field Survey Date: October 2, 2013 13.13. Imagery

TX-361 Bridge (Landward) Standing on Bridge (Landward)

Packery Channel Launch Ramps Near the Mouth of Packery Channel (Facing West)

South Side Channel (Facing North) South Side Channel (Facing South)

156 Field Survey Date: October 2, 2013

Collection Point at Packery Channel Launch Ramps South Jetty (Facing East)

North Jetty (Facing West) TX-361 Bridge

Packery Channel Boat Ramp From Bridge Packery Channel

157 Field Survey Date: October 2, 2013 13.14. Special Stakeholder Concerns

Packery Channel is a popular inlet for the Corpus Christi area community. It provides recreational, environmental, and economic services. This inlet is home to highly sensitive habitats of the Laguna Madre including bird nesting areas and sea turtle populations. Residential areas are located in the vicinity of Packery Channel near Padre Lakes and along the west banks landward of TX-361. Surfing, fishing, boating, and kite boarding are popular activities among tourists and local residents of Packery Channel and its adjoining beaches. Padre Island is experiencing significant economic growth; Schlitterbahn Water Parks have constructed a new facility within one mile of Packery Channel.

158 Field Survey Date: October 2, 2013

This page is left intentionally blank.

159 Field Survey Date: October 2, 2013 13.0 Packery Channel

Packery Channel is the dividing line between North Padre Island and Mustang Island. The channel and jetties were completed by the United States Army Corps of Engineers (USACE) in 2006. Nueces County Parks are located at the beaches on either side of the pass. Packery Channel is primarily used for recreational purposes; no commercial shipping vessels enter through Packery Channel.

Image retrieved from http://www.cbi.tamucc.edu/Lanmon-Aerial-Photography/

132 Field Survey Date: October 2, 2013 13.1. Overview of the Packery Channel Response Strategy Figure PC-1 illustrates the recommended response strategy for Packery Channel. Refer to Section 13.12.1-5 for detailed response strategies including boom configurations and collection points.

Figure PC-1: Packery Channel Response Strategy 133 Field Survey Date: October 2, 2013 13.2. Preliminary Protection Strategy

For every offshore oil spill the primary strategy is to collect oil in the Gulf of Mexico. Oil that cannot be collected offshore should be diverted away from the tidal inlet. If oil enters the tidal inlet, a series of collection, protection, and deflection boom configurations are established in logical locations to maximize oil capture. A roaming skimmer will operate within the channel to supplement the collection of oil along the wider sides and eddies of the inlet.

At Packery Channel, oil should be captured before flowing under the TX-361 Bridge. Reduced current flows, eddies, easy access, logical collection points, and relatively calm and protected waters all exist seaward of the TX-361 Bridge. The ability to easily collect oil decreases after it is carried by stronger currents and more turbulent waters under the TX-361 Bridge. If oil does pass under the TX-361 Bridge it may be difficult to keep it from entering the more sensitive habitats of the Laguna Madre. Several natural collection points identified by the accumulation of debris, seaweeds, and trash have been incorporated into this booming strategy.

Several drainage pipes are located throughout the interlocking brick shoreline; these pipes serve as French drains and may convey water to and from nearby tidal basins during storm events. Methods should be used to plug and prevent oil from entering these pipes.

The order in which boom configurations & equipment are deployed is vital to the effectiveness of a response strategy. Ocean boom should be established as soon as possible to prevent oil from entering the inlet. Primary configurations are the backbone of the response strategy and should be deployed first. Secondary configurations should be deployed once all of the primary configurations are established. Tertiary configurations are the final configurations that should be deployed. Table PC-1 lists the Site Names in Section 13.12.1-5 and their deployment ranking.

Site Names Deployment Ranking Packery Channel (PC) Ocean Boom Primary Ocean Boom Collection Point #1 Primary Collection South Side Channel Protection Primary Protection Collection Points #3 & #4 Secondary Collection Collection Point #5 Tertiary Collection Table PC-1: Packery Channel Sites and Their Deployment Ranking

134 Field Survey Date: October 2, 2013 13.3. Inlet Characteristics

Degree of Difficulty Ranking: Inlet Classification: Artificial Inlet (C) Relatively Easy (see Section 6.3 for complete details)

Inlet Width: Packery Channel has two distinct inlet widths. The width at the inlet mouth between the tips of the jetties is approximately 220 feet. The inlet remains relatively narrow for the full length of the jetties. The width between the boat launch ramps and the south bank is 870 feet.

Inlet Length: Packery Channel is approximately 5,850 feet in length measuring from the mouth of the jetties to the TX-361 Bridge.

Inlet Depth: Packery Channel generally ranges from 10 to 22 feet deep in the main channel with the deepest area being a scour northwest of the bridge. The swash platforms range in depth from 0 to 8 feet on the north side and from 0 to 9 feet on the south side in the vicinity of the inlet’s widest point. The launch ramp depth is greater than 5 feet. Additional depth information is available in Section13.4 Inlet Transects.

Current Speed and Direction: Strong currents at Packery Channel are present in the center of the channel and dissipate towards the banks. Currents become much slower in areas where the channel widens near the north and south swash platforms seaward of TX-361 Bridge. The strongest currents are present under the TX-361 Bridge as the water is forced through this narrow pinch-point. A small channel intersects Packery Channel on the south side and leads to an area known as Lake Padre. This side channel has a slight tidal current, which may aid in collection point establishment.

Tidal Information: Packery Channel experiences normal diurnal tides with wind and storm driven tidal fluctuations. The maximum and minimum current velocity over a 4 year period (01/01/2010 – 12/31/2013) was 2.30 to -2.70 knots. The average high and low tides over this period were 1.225 and -1.085 knots, respectively.

135 Field Survey Date: October 2, 2013 Eddy Locations: Significant eddies occur at the widest area of Packery Channel on the north and south swash platforms seaward of the TX-361 Bridge. The largest of these eddies is from the mouth of the south side channel floodgates to the TX-361 Bridge. Two more eddies exist on either side of the launch ramp where trash and seaweed gather. Two additional eddies occur north of TX-361 near the banks. See Figure PC-2 for a detailed map of eddy locations.

Figure PC-2: Packery Channel Eddy Locations

Longshore Flow Direction: Packery Channel jetties are generally accepted to be the natural convergence point between the north and south longshore currents. During the summer months, the southeast trade winds produce longshore currents moving to the north. In the winter months longshore currents can shift to a southerly direction, pushed by strong north winds. The longshore currents should be monitored during seasonal changes due to unpredictable movement patterns.

Sediment Type: Packery Channel predominantly consists of a hard sandy bottom. The adjoining south side channel consists of a sandy mud bottom. Sediments in the center channel are continually being transported by the strongest currents and additional anchoring may be required.

136 Field Survey Date: October 2, 2013 Points of Interest: A large paved parking lot is connected to the well maintained launch ramps and an additional smaller parking lot is located adjacent to the large parking lot. As of 2014, a portable restroom is found at the smaller parking lot. Land based fuel is located within one mile of Packery Channel launch ramp. Fuel, Sea Tow, and additional launch ramps are located about 2 miles northwest of the TX-361 Bridge, where Packery Channel intersects with the Intracoastal Waterway (ICW), adjacent to the John F. Kennedy Causeway Bridge (JFK Causeway).

Shoreline Type: Large riprap comprises the jetty structure. There is a distinct transition landward from the large riprap jetties to small riprap. Another shoreline transition occurs from small riprap to interlocking brick along the channel sides. These interlocking bricks have been installed along the slopes from the small riprap to the parking lot on the north side of the channel and from the small riprap to the TX-361 Bridge on the south side. Intermittently spaced throughout are small areas of small riprap to fill in erosion concaves in the interlocking bricks. There are intermittent French drain pipes passing through the interlocking bricks at the water level. On the south side of Packery Channel there are two large concrete bulkheads with a side channel leading to an area known as Lake Padre. This side inlet is vegetated with a narrow sandy bank. There are stabilized concrete bulkheads near residential developments further back in the Lake Padre area. On the east bank landward of the TX-361 Bridge, tidal flats and marsh grass with small sandy areas dominate the area. The west bank landward of TX-361 Bridge has a small sandy area followed by man-made structures and piers.

137 Field Survey Date: October 2, 2013 13.4. Inlet Transects

Any inlet has the potential to undergo significant changes in the bottom profile due to sediment erosion and deposition. Tides, storms, and longshore currents can cause bottom shifting and reconfiguration. Jetties may limit or slow such shifts. Packery Channel was measured in 2014. Figure PC-3 illustrates the locations of the depth transects. Figure PC-4 through Figure PC-10 show a detailed graph of each of the recorded depth transects.

Figure PC-3: Packery Channel Depth Transect Locations

138 Field Survey Date: October 2, 2013

Figure PC-4: Depth Transect from the South Bank to the North Bank

Figure PC-5: Depth Transect from the South Bank to the North Bank

Figure PC-6: Depth Transect from the South Bank to the North Bank

139 Field Survey Date: October 2, 2013

Figure PC-7: Depth Transect at the Entrance to the South Side Channel

Figure PC-8: Depth Transect from the South Bank to the Packery Channel Launch Ramp

Figure PC-9: Depth Transect South of TX-361 Bridge

140 Field Survey Date: October 2, 2013

Figure PC-10: Depth Transect North of TX-361 Bridge

13.5. Principle Resources at Risk

The most notable features of this inlet include the Packery Channel jetties, TX-361 Bridge, the launch ramp, and the adjoining Nueces County Park beaches. Landward of the bridge are more sensitive habitats of the Laguna Madre and Corpus Christi Bay. Several private properties with docks and large recreational boats are located along the west bank of Packery Channel just north of the TX-361 Bridge.

Packery Channel and the adjoining beaches are easily accessible and are a popular tourist destination. This area is known for many recreational activities such as boating, fishing, kayaking, surfing, and snorkeling. Packery Channel is a migratory pass used by numerous species of marine life and birds. Responders should be especially aware that certain species are common in the pass and could be adversely affected by spilled oils or response actions. These include numerous bird species, various species of marine turtles, and occasionally marine mammals like dolphins. Some of these species are endangered, threatened, or otherwise protected. Vegetative cover and immobile species exist in all of the adjoining coastal habitats. Responders should use appropriate caution in any areas that are not paved or covered by riprap. Avoid vehicular travel in vegetated grasslands to minimize the chance for wildfires initiated by exhaust heat.

For further information, including a list of sensitive species found within the vicinity of Packery Channel, refer to the two Environmental Sensitivity Index (ESI) maps identified below:

ESI located at Texas General Land Office TOOLKIT: http://gisweb.glo.texas.gov/atlas/atlas/lo_texas/maps/cranesw.pdf ESI located at Texas General Land Office TOOLKIT: http://gisweb.glo.texas.gov/atlas/atlas/lo_texas/maps/craneinw.pdf

141 Field Survey Date: October 2, 2013 13.6. Safety Hazards

General safety concerns related to response activities at all coastal inlets are listed in Section 4.0. Special safety precautions associated with Packery Channel include surface hazards, traffic, animal interactions, and tourism. The jetties have paved walkways with hand rails allowing easy access on top of the jetty structure. The walkways and jetty rocks may become slippery when wet and may form extremely slippery algal growth due to constantly being subjected to splash. Caution should be used when traversing all parts of the jetties, riprap, or shorelines in this inlet. Even the sloped interlocking brick pavers are very slippery when wet. Caution should be taken to avoid interaction with stingrays, mosquitoes, and rattlesnakes. Fishing gear and fish carcasses may also represent hazards. Overhead electrical power lines with low clearance run parallel to Packery Channel near the bridge. These lines are particularly noticeable due to the fishing gear hanging from them. A small underwater rocky obstruction exists just southeast of the TX-361 Bridge, between the bridge and the launch ramp. It may or may not be visible depending on water clarity and tide levels. Expect large amounts of vehicular, recreational vessel, and pedestrian traffic as well as curious tourists whenever response operations are being conducted at this location.

13.7. Response Times

Packery Channel is readily accessible from the major metropolitan area of Corpus Christi, Texas. Paved road access is available from Padre Island Drive and TX-361 to the launch ramp and to most of the northern margins of the channel. Travel times to the Packery Channel launch ramp are listed below in Table PC-2.

Start Point Distance Time TGLO Region 3 Office 13 miles 17 minutes TGLO Region 4 Office via I-69, US-77, & FM-665 170 miles 2 hours & 30 minutes TGLO Region 5 Office via TX-35 & TX-358 104 miles 1 hour & 40 minutes TGLO Region 5 Office via TX-35 & TX-361 90 miles 2 hours plus ferry time Harbor Bridge Corpus Christi via TX-286 & TX-358 23 miles 24 minutes Corpus Christi International Airport via TX-358 24 miles 25 minutes Robstown Borchard Center via TX-44 & TX-358 33 miles 35 minutes Port Aransas Ferry Landing via TX-361 18 miles 22 minutes Ingleside via TX-35 & TX-358 39 miles 40 minutes Ingleside via Port Aransas Ferry 30 miles 1 hour plus ferry time Galveston, TX via TX-35 240 miles 4 hours Houston, TX via US-59, US-77, I-37, & TX-358 237 miles 3 hours & 30 minutes San Antonio, TX via I-37 & TX-358 161 miles 2 hours & 15 minutes Launch Ramps at JFK Causeway via water 2.25 nautical miles 14 minutes (speed of 10 knots) Ingleside via water (speed of 10 knots) 16 nautical miles 96 minutes Harbor Bridge via water (speed of 10 knots) 17.5 nautical miles 105 minutes Table PC-2: Travel Times to the Packery Channel Launch Ramps

142 Field Survey Date: October 2, 2013 13.8. Possible Staging Areas

A large parking lot is located at the Packery Channel launch ramp, and runs parallel to the north bank of the inlet. It provides easy access to the channel and is visible from TX-361. The parking lot along the north side of the inlet has several small open shade and picnic structures. A portable restroom is stationed at this location. A second paved parking lot is located at the Nueces County Park north of Zahn Road, behind (west of) the sand dunes north of the Packery Channel. This area is currently closed to the public but could be used in the event of an emergency.

The secondary staging area is located about 2 miles northwest of the TX-361 Bridge, where Packery Channel intersects with the ICW adjacent to the JFK Causeway. A large paved parking lot, fuel, and additional launch ramps are available.

13.9. Inlet Accessibility

Vehicle Access: 2WD vehicles can easily access the paved roads on the north side of Packery Channel. 4WD vehicles are necessary to access any of the trails or beaches on the south side of Packery Channel. Off-road trails can be found all around Packery Channel allowing access to any section of shoreline. See Figure PC-11 for a detailed map of 4WD accessible roads.

Figure PC-11: 4WD Accessible Roads at Packery Channel

143 Field Survey Date: October 2, 2013 Vessel Access: The easiest access to Packery Channel by trailerable vessels is by the well maintained launch ramps located in the Packery Channel inlet. Ramps are capable of launching and recovering four trailer-able boats simultaneously. Alternatively, two public launch ramps are located about 2 miles from the inlet adjacent to the JFK Causeway at the ICW. Access to the mouth of Packery Channel can be reached through these boat ramps by heading east. The channel between the ICW and the inlet has two sharp turns but clearly marked navigation aids are present throughout the channel under normal conditions. The TX-361 Bridge has a low clearance; larger vessels requiring more than 10 feet of clearance may be restricted by height.

Aerial Access: The closest established helicopter landing zone is at the Naval Air Station Corpus Christi Army Depot (NAS-CCAD) and the Lone Pine Production Association (27° 42 57.1170 N / 097° 10 22.9590 W) on Mustang Island. The closest airfield is located at the NAS-CCAD. As of 2014, the United States Coast Guard (USCG) operates aerial operations from the NAS-CCAD. The Mustang Beach Airport on Mustang Island is a small private airport northwest of Packery Channel. This small airport is home to a single runway and helipad. The nearest international and commercial airport is the Corpus Christi International Airport, 24 miles WNW.

13.10. Nearby Waste Disposal Facilities

Multiple waste disposal facilities are located within the Corpus Christi Metropolitan Area. The Corpus Christi Sector Area Contingency Plan lists various nearby waste disposal facilities that may accept spilled oil and residues:

Southwest Land and Marine Allied Waste Service of Corpus Christi 7300 Greenwood Dr. 4414 Agnes Street Corpus Christi, Texas Corpus Christi, Texas Phone: 361-855-4551 Phone: 361-882-1878

Waste Management El Centro Landfill, Allied Waste Industries 4010 Callis Street 3189 County Road 69 Victoria, Texas Robstown, Texas Phone: 361-578-0982 Phone: 361-767-7905

US Ecology Texas L.P. 3277 County Road 69 Robstown, Texas Phone: 361-387-3518

Prior arrangements should be made before transporting oil and residues to these locations.

144 Field Survey Date: October 2, 2013 13.11. Minimum Resources Required

Response strategies require a variety and a minimum quantity of resources to be effective. The recommended response strategy for Packery Channel is broken down into sites in section 13.12.1-5. Each site includes a table that lists necessary resources and their minimum quantities to fulfill the response action. Different environmental conditions may alter the type and quantity of resources required. Table PC-3 lists the types of resources and their respective total amounts to successfully carry out the response strategy.

Resource Type Total Amount for Packery Channel

Anchors (This number is calculated using single anchor systems) 5 Anchor System Line (Anchor, Trip, Mooring) 991 feet Posts 5 Ocean Boom 800 Inshore Boom 3,700 feet Skimmers 4 Vessels 6 + Offshore booming vessel People 20-24+ Table PC-3: Resource Types & Amounts for the Packery Channel Response Strategy.

145 Field Survey Date: October 2, 2013 13.12.1. Boom Configuration and Collection Areas

Site Name: Packery Channel Ocean Boom

Relative Location: This boom configuration is located east of the Packery Channel jetties.

Currents: Strong longshore currents and large waves are present, especially at the mouth of the inlet.

Shoreline Description: Outside end of the rock jetties.

Access to Boom Configuration: A deep draft work vessel capable of deploying large ocean boom and large anchor systems may be required for this boom configuration.

Depth: The Packery Channel jetties protrude underwater. The depth at this site ranges from 7 to 16 feet deep. Shoaling can occur along the south jetty and at the mouth of the inlet, particularly after strong storms.

Anchoring: Large anchors (greater than 75 pounds) are necessary to hold this boom configuration in place against the wave action and the strong longshore currents. Stretches of ocean boom should be deployed outside the end of the jetties. This boom configuration requires 4 anchor systems and 660 feet of anchor system line.

Water, weather, and jetty conditions should be evaluated before establishing this boom configuration. Responders may need to adjust the configuration to increase deflection capabilities and minimize the safety risk based on environmental conditions. If the anchor point on the jetty is determined to be unsafe or otherwise undesirable, the responders may choose alternative placement. Placing a shoreward anchor point in the water and outside the tip of the jetty with the boom passing near the end of the jetty is recommended. More oil will be deflected if the boom passes close to the jetty.

Boom Classification: This boom configuration is comprised of ocean boom.

Description: Ocean boom may be used in the Gulf of Mexico to deflect oil from entering this inlet. The boom is deployed outside the end of the Packery Channel jetties and placed at an angle to the longshore currents. Ocean boom should be monitored constantly to confirm the alignment and position of this boom configuration. This boom configuration requires 800 feet of boom.

146 Field Survey Date: October 2, 2013 Resources Required:

Resource Type Total Amount

Anchors 4 Anchor System Line (Anchor, Trip, Mooring) 660 feet Ocean Boom 800 feet

147 Field Survey Date: October 2, 2013 13.12.2. Boom Configuration and Collection Areas

Site Name: Collection Point #1

Relative Location: Collection Point #1 is located next to the Packery Channel launch ramp.

Latitude: 27°37’04.3904” N Longitude: 97°12’44.5406” W

Currents: Strong currents are present in the center of the channel. Current velocities dissipate on the swash platforms located on both sides of the channel.

Shoreline Description: The shoreline at Collection Point #1 consists of small riprap, interlocking bricks, and bulkhead.

Access to Collection Point: 2WD vehicles can easily access the paved roads on the north side of Packery Channel. Temporary storage devices can be utilized until appropriate methods allow for land or water access to the collection points.

Depth: The depth at Collection Point #1 ranges from 2 to 4 feet. The depth of the leg of boom anchored in the channel ranges from 8 to 12 feet.

Anchoring: Pillars located on the banks of the shore provide permanent mooring points for boom on the edge of the water. A post driven into the substrate is required to hold the boom where pillars are absent on the north bank. Anchor systems within the main channel may have to resist strong currents. A large single anchor or double anchor system may be required to minimize boom movement. Collection Point #1 requires 1 anchor system, 1 post, and 112 feet of anchor system line.

Boom Classification: Collection Point #1 is comprised of inshore boom.

Description: Collection Point #1 is established next to the Packery Channel launch ramps. A post driven into the substrate forms the apex of the collection point. One leg of the configuration is placed along the interlocking brick shoreline. The other leg of the configuration is placed towards the center of the inlet to increase the oil capture rate. Collection Point #1 requires 750 feet of boom. Boom placed in the center of the main channel is positioned at a 13° angle to handle a 3 knot current that is generally associated with Packery Channel.

148 Field Survey Date: October 2, 2013 Resources Required:

Resource Type Total Amount

Anchor 1 Anchor System Line (Anchor, Trip, Mooring) 112 feet Posts 2 Inshore Boom 750 feet Skimmers 1

149 Field Survey Date: October 2, 2013 13.12.3. Boom Configuration and Collection Areas

Site Name: South Side Channel Protection & Roaming Skimmer Vessel

Relative Location: This boom configuration is located at the entrance to the south side channel. The roaming skimming vessel moves within the inlet collecting oil that is present.

Currents: Minimal currents are present in the center of the south side channel. Current velocities dissipate on the swash platforms located on both sides of the channel.

Shoreline Description: The shoreline around this boom configuration consists of interlocking bricks and concrete bulkhead.

Access to Boom Configuration: Shallow draft vessels capable of deploying boom and anchor systems may be required for this boom configuration. Alternately, south side channel is a narrow channel; boom deployment maybe completed by on shore personal. 4WD vehicles are necessary to access any of the trails or beaches on the south side. Trail improvement may be necessary if conditions do not allow for vehicle access. Temporary roads can be constructed by installing planks or mobile grates to improve surface traction.

Depth: The depth at this boom configuration ranges from 0-6 feet. Anchor points are established on land

Anchoring: Pillars located on the banks of the shore provide permanent mooring points for boom on the edge of the water. This boom configuration requires 100 feet of anchor system line.

Boom Classification: This boom configuration is comprised of inshore boom.

Description: This boom configuration is established at the entrance to the south side channel. This configuration protects the sensitive areas within the south side channel. Boom is position on the western point of the south side channel and run across to the eastern point of the south side channel. This Boom Configuration requires 250 feet of inshore boom.

150 Field Survey Date: October 2, 2013 A skimming vessel may be maneuvered into position in the center of Brazos Santiago Pass to collect oil carried by currents in the center of the channel. A skimmer vessel can maximize the ability of responders to collect oil in the throat of the channel and its maneuverability may minimize or eliminate the disruption of ocean going vessel traffic. To maximize collection capabilities, skimmer vessels may be used at the apex of a V-boom configuration. Boom affixed to the skimmer vessel may be pulled by other vessels, or anchored in the channel or along the shore.

Resources Required:

Resource Type Total Amount

Anchor System Line (Anchor, Trip, Mooring) 100 feet Inshore Boom 250 feet Roaming Skimming Vessel 1

151 Field Survey Date: October 2, 2013 13.12.4. Boom Configuration and Collection Areas

Site Name: Collection Points #2 & #3

Relative Location: Collection Point #2 is located on the north bank between TX-361 and Packery Channel launch ramps. Collection Point #3 is located on the south bank.

Site Name: Latitude: Longitude: Collection 27°37’09.0899” N 97°12’46.7145” W Point #2 Collection 27°37’00.6607” N 97°12’53.0134” W Point #3

Currents: Strong currents are present in the center of channel. Current velocities dissipate on swash platforms located on both sides of the channel.

Shoreline Description: The shoreline at Collection Point #2 consists of small riprap and tidal flats. The shoreline at Collection Point #3 consists of interlocking bricks.

Access to Collection Points: 2WD vehicles can easily access the paved roads on the north side of Packery Channel. 4WD vehicles are necessary to access any of the trails or beaches on the south side. Trail improvement may be necessary if conditions do not allow for vacuum truck access. Temporary roads can be constructed by installing planks or mobile grates to improve surface traction. Temporary storage devices can be utilized until appropriate methods allow for land or water access to the collection points. On water recovery is suitable for Collection Point #4.

Depth: The depth at Collection Point #2 ranges from 2 to 4 feet. The depth of the leg of boom anchored in the channel ranges from 17 to 19 feet. The depth at Collection Point #3 ranges from 2 to 6 feet. The depth of the leg of boom anchored in the channel ranges from 17 to 19 feet.

Anchoring: Pillars located on the banks of the shore provide anchor points for boom on the edge of the water. Posts driven into the substrate are required to hold the boom where pillars are absent on the north bank. On the south bank, posts are unable to be driven into the ground because of the steep drop off and the interlocking bricks. A shoreline anchor system with larger anchor can be attached to the bank and placed over the boom to can create the necessary apex in the collection point. The shoreline anchor system holds the boom near the bank. Anchor systems within the main channel have to resist strong currents. A large single anchor or double anchor system may be required to minimize boom movement. Collection Point #2 requires 1

152 Field Survey Date: October 2, 2013 anchor system, 3 posts, and 162 feet of anchor system line. Collection Point #3 requires 1 anchor system and 237 feet of anchor system line.

Boom Classification: Collection Points #2 & #3 are comprised of inshore boom.

Description: Collection Point #2 is established in the tidal flat on the north bank of Packery Channel. A post driven into the substrate forms the apex of the collection point. One leg of the boom is connected to the Packery Channel parking lot. The other boom leg is placed into the main channel to increase the oil capture rate. Collection Point #2 requires 1,200 feet of boom. Collection Point #3 is established on the south bank of Packery Channel. The apex of the collection point is formed by a shoreline anchor system that is placed over the boom. One leg of the configuration is placed along the interlocking bricks. The other leg of the configuration is placed into the main channel to increase the oil capture rate. Collection Point #3 requires 950 feet of boom. Boom is positioned at an angle to handle a 3 knot current that is generally associated with Packery Channel.

Specific Hazard: An underwater rock pile is near Collection Point #2. Electrical power lines with low clearance and hanging fishing gear could pose a risk. Caution is advised when deploying and working around these areas.

Resources Required:

Resource Type Total Amount

Anchors 2 Anchor System Line (Anchor, Trip, Mooring) 399 feet Posts 3 Inshore Boom 2,150 feet Skimmers 2

153 Field Survey Date: October 2, 2013 13.12.5. Boom Configuration and Collection Areas

Site Name: Collection Point #4

Relative Location: Collection Point #4 is located north of TX-361 on the west bank.

Latitude: 27°37’12.2759” N Longitude: 97°12’54.7871” W

Currents: Strong currents are present in the center of channel. Currents exceed the known normal current velocity range under the TX-361 Bridge.

Shoreline Description: The shoreline at Collection Point #4 consists of sandy beach.

Access to Collection Points: 2WD vehicles can easily access the paved roads on the north side of Packery Channel. 4WD vehicles are necessary to access any of the trails or beaches on the south side. Trail improvement may be necessary if conditions do not allow for vacuum truck access. Temporary roads can be constructed by installing planks or mobile grates to improve surface traction. Temporary storage devices can be utilized until appropriate methods allow for land or water access to the collection points. On water recovery is suitable for collection point #4.

Depth: The depth at Collection Point #4 ranges from 0 to 4 feet. The depth of the leg of boom anchored to the east bank ranges from 0 to 4 feet.

Anchoring: Posts driven into the substrate are required to hold the boom for Collection Point #4. Collection Point #4 requires 3 posts and 50 feet of anchor system line.

Boom Classification: Collection Point #4 is comprised of inshore boom.

Description: Collection Point #4 is established on the west bank. A post driven into the substrate forms the apex of the collection point. One leg of the configuration is placed diagonally across Packery Channel. Collection Point #4 requires 550 feet of boom. Boom is positioned at a 13° angle to withstand a 3 knot current that is generally associated with Packery Channel.

Specific Hazard: Electrical power lines with low clearance and hanging fishing gear could pose a risk. Caution is advised when deploying and working around this area.

154 Field Survey Date: October 2, 2013 Resources Required:

Resource Type Total Amount

Anchor System Line (Anchor, Trip, Mooring) 50 feet Posts 3 Inshore Boom 550 feet Skimmers 1

155 Field Survey Date: October 2, 2013 13.13. Imagery

TX-361 Bridge (Landward) Standing on Bridge (Landward)

Packery Channel Launch Ramps Near the Mouth of Packery Channel (Facing West)

South Side Channel (Facing North) South Side Channel (Facing South)

156 Field Survey Date: October 2, 2013

Collection Point at Packery Channel Launch Ramps South Jetty (Facing East)

North Jetty (Facing West) TX-361 Bridge

Packery Channel Boat Ramp From Bridge Packery Channel

157 Field Survey Date: October 2, 2013 13.14. Special Stakeholder Concerns

Packery Channel is a popular inlet for the Corpus Christi area community. It provides recreational, environmental, and economic services. This inlet is home to highly sensitive habitats of the Laguna Madre including bird nesting areas and sea turtle populations. Residential areas are located in the vicinity of Packery Channel near Padre Lakes and along the west banks landward of TX-361. Surfing, fishing, boating, and kite boarding are popular activities among tourists and local residents of Packery Channel and its adjoining beaches. Padre Island is experiencing significant economic growth; Schlitterbahn Water Parks have constructed a new facility within one mile of Packery Channel.

158 Field Survey Date: October 2, 2013

This page is left intentionally blank.

159 Field Survey Date: October 2, 2013