(PSW). Seven Bits Remain Unused While the Rest Nine Are Used
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E0C88 CORE CPU MANUAL NOTICE No Part of This Material May Be Reproduced Or Duplicated in Any Form Or by Any Means Without the Written Permission of Seiko Epson
MF658-04 CMOS 8-BIT SINGLE CHIP MICROCOMPUTER E0C88 Family E0C88 CORE CPU MANUAL NOTICE No part of this material may be reproduced or duplicated in any form or by any means without the written permission of Seiko Epson. Seiko Epson reserves the right to make changes to this material without notice. Seiko Epson does not assume any liability of any kind arising out of any inaccuracies contained in this material or due to its application or use in any product or circuit and, further, there is no representation that this material is applicable to products requiring high level reliability, such as medical products. Moreover, no license to any intellectual property rights is granted by implication or otherwise, and there is no representation or warranty that anything made in accordance with this material will be free from any patent or copyright infringement of a third party. This material or portions thereof may contain technology or the subject relating to strategic products under the control of the Foreign Exchange and Foreign Trade Control Law of Japan and may require an export license from the Ministry of International Trade and Industry or other approval from another government agency. Please note that "E0C" is the new name for the old product "SMC". If "SMC" appears in other manuals understand that it now reads "E0C". © SEIKO EPSON CORPORATION 1999 All rights reserved. CONTENTS E0C88 Core CPU Manual PREFACE This manual explains the architecture, operation and instruction of the core CPU E0C88 of the CMOS 8-bit single chip microcomputer E0C88 Family. Also, since the memory configuration and the peripheral circuit configuration is different for each device of the E0C88 Family, you should refer to the respective manuals for specific details other than the basic functions. -
Cmp Instruction in Assembly Language
Cmp Instruction In Assembly Language booby-trapsDamien pedaling sound. conjointly? Untidiest SupposableGraham precools, and uncleansed his ilexes geologisesNate shrouds globed her chokos contemptuously. espied or It works because when a short jump if the stack to fill out over an implied subtraction of assembly language is the arithmetic operation of using our point Jump if actual assembler or of assembly is correct results in sequence will stay organized. If you want to prove that will you there is cmp instruction in assembly language, sp can also accept one, it takes quite useful sample programs in game reports to. Acts as the instruction pointer should be checked for? Please switch your skills, cmp instruction cmp in assembly language. To double word register onto the next step process in assembly language equivalent to collect great quiz. The comparisons and the ip value becomes a row! Subsequent generations became new game code starts in main program plays a few different memory locations declared with. Want to switch, many commands to thumb instructions will not examine the difference between filtration and in assembly language are used as conditional jumps are calls to the call. Note that was no difference in memory operands and its corresponding comparison yielded an explicit, xor is running but also uses a perennial study guide can exit? Each question before you want to see the control flow and play this instruction cmp in assembly language? This value off this for assembly language, cmp instruction in assembly language? But shl can explicitly directed as efficient ways to compare values stored anywhere in terms indicated by cmp instruction in assembly language calling convention rules. -
Lecture Notes in Assembly Language
Lecture Notes in Assembly Language Short introduction to low-level programming Piotr Fulmański Łódź, 12 czerwca 2015 Spis treści Spis treści iii 1 Before we begin1 1.1 Simple assembler.................................... 1 1.1.1 Excercise 1 ................................... 2 1.1.2 Excercise 2 ................................... 3 1.1.3 Excercise 3 ................................... 3 1.1.4 Excercise 4 ................................... 5 1.1.5 Excercise 5 ................................... 6 1.2 Improvements, part I: addressing........................... 8 1.2.1 Excercise 6 ................................... 11 1.3 Improvements, part II: indirect addressing...................... 11 1.4 Improvements, part III: labels............................. 18 1.4.1 Excercise 7: find substring in a string .................... 19 1.4.2 Excercise 8: improved polynomial....................... 21 1.5 Improvements, part IV: flag register ......................... 23 1.6 Improvements, part V: the stack ........................... 24 1.6.1 Excercise 12................................... 26 1.7 Improvements, part VI – function stack frame.................... 29 1.8 Finall excercises..................................... 34 1.8.1 Excercise 13................................... 34 1.8.2 Excercise 14................................... 34 1.8.3 Excercise 15................................... 34 1.8.4 Excercise 16................................... 34 iii iv SPIS TREŚCI 1.8.5 Excercise 17................................... 34 2 First program 37 2.1 Compiling, -
Microprocessor's Registers
IT Basics The microprocessor and ASM Prof. Răzvan Daniel Zota, Ph.D. Bucharest University of Economic Studies Faculty of Cybernetics, Statistics and Economic Informatics [email protected] http://zota.ase.ro/itb Contents • Basic microprocessor architecture • Intel microprocessor registers • Instructions – their components and format • Addressing modes (with examples) 2 Basic microprocessor architecture • CPU registers – Special memory locations on the microprocessor chip – Examples: accumulator, counter, FLAGS register • Arithmetic-Logic Unit (ALU) – The place where most of the operations are being made inside the CPU • Bus Interface Unit (BIU) – It controls data and address buses when the main memory is accessed (or data from the cache memory) • Control Unit and instruction set – The CPU has a fixed instruction set for working with (examples: MOV, CMP, JMP) 3 Instruction’s processing • Processing an instruction requires 3 basic steps: 1. Fetching the instruction from memory (fetch) 2. Instruction’s decoding (decode) 3. Instruction’s execution (execute) – implies memory access for the operands and storing the result • Operation mode of an “antique” Intel 8086 Fetch Decode Execute Fetch Decode Execute …... Microprocessor 1 1 1 2 2 2 Busy Idle Busy Busy Idle Busy …... Bus 4 Instruction’s processing • Modern microprocessors may process more instructions simultaneously (pipelining) • Operation of a pipeline microprocessor (from Intel 80486 to our days) Fetch Fetch Fetch Fetch Store Fetch Fetch Read Fetch 1 2 3 4 1 5 6 2 7 Bus Unit Decode Decode -
X86 Assembly Language Syllabus for Subject: Assembly (Machine) Language
VŠB - Technical University of Ostrava Department of Computer Science, FEECS x86 Assembly Language Syllabus for Subject: Assembly (Machine) Language Ing. Petr Olivka, Ph.D. 2021 e-mail: [email protected] http://poli.cs.vsb.cz Contents 1 Processor Intel i486 and Higher – 32-bit Mode3 1.1 Registers of i486.........................3 1.2 Addressing............................6 1.3 Assembly Language, Machine Code...............6 1.4 Data Types............................6 2 Linking Assembly and C Language Programs7 2.1 Linking C and C Module....................7 2.2 Linking C and ASM Module................... 10 2.3 Variables in Assembly Language................ 11 3 Instruction Set 14 3.1 Moving Instruction........................ 14 3.2 Logical and Bitwise Instruction................. 16 3.3 Arithmetical Instruction..................... 18 3.4 Jump Instructions........................ 20 3.5 String Instructions........................ 21 3.6 Control and Auxiliary Instructions............... 23 3.7 Multiplication and Division Instructions............ 24 4 32-bit Interfacing to C Language 25 4.1 Return Values from Functions.................. 25 4.2 Rules of Registers Usage..................... 25 4.3 Calling Function with Arguments................ 26 4.3.1 Order of Passed Arguments............... 26 4.3.2 Calling the Function and Set Register EBP...... 27 4.3.3 Access to Arguments and Local Variables....... 28 4.3.4 Return from Function, the Stack Cleanup....... 28 4.3.5 Function Example.................... 29 4.4 Typical Examples of Arguments Passed to Functions..... 30 4.5 The Example of Using String Instructions........... 34 5 AMD and Intel x86 Processors – 64-bit Mode 36 5.1 Registers.............................. 36 5.2 Addressing in 64-bit Mode.................... 37 6 64-bit Interfacing to C Language 37 6.1 Return Values.......................... -
AVR Control Transfer -AVR Branching
1 | P a g e AVR Control Transfer -AVR Branching Reading The AVR Microcontroller and Embedded Systems using Assembly and C) by Muhammad Ali Mazidi, Sarmad Naimi, and Sepehr Naimi Chapter 3: Branch, Call, and Time Delay Loop Section 3.1: Branching and Looping (Branch Only) Additional Reading Introduction to AVR assembler programming for beginners, controlling sequential execution of the program http://www.avr-asm-tutorial.net/avr_en/beginner/JUMP.html AVR Assembler User Guide http://www.atmel.com/dyn/resources/prod documents/doc1022.pdf 2 | P a g e TABLE OF CONTENTS Instruction Set Architecture (Review) ...................................................................................................................... 4 Instruction Set (Review) ........................................................................................................................................... 5 Jump Instructions..................................................................................................................................................... 6 How the Direct Unconditional Control Transfer Instructions jmp and call Work ...................................................... 7 How the Relative Unconditional Control Transfer Instructions rjmp and rcall Work ................................................ 8 Branch Instructions .................................................................................................................................................. 9 How the Relative Conditional Control Transfer Instruction -
Overview of IA-32 Assembly Programming
Overview of IA-32 assembly programming Lars Ailo Bongo University of Tromsø Contents 1 Introduction ...................................................................................................................... 2 2 IA-32 assembly programming.......................................................................................... 3 2.1 Assembly Language Statements................................................................................ 3 2.1 Modes........................................................................................................................4 2.2 Registers....................................................................................................................4 2.2.3 Data Registers .................................................................................................... 4 2.2.4 Pointer and Index Registers................................................................................ 4 2.2.5 Control Registers................................................................................................ 5 2.2.6 Segment registers ............................................................................................... 7 2.3 Addressing................................................................................................................. 7 2.3.1 Bit and Byte Order ............................................................................................. 7 2.3.2 Data Types......................................................................................................... -
The 8086 Microprocessor
11 The 8086 Microprocessor 1. Draw the pin diagram of 8086. Ans. There would be two pin diagrams—one for MIN mode and the other for MAX mode of 8086, shown in Figs. 11.1 and 11.2 respectively. The pins that differ with each other in the two modes are from pin-24 to pin-31 (total 8 pins). GND 1 40 VCC AD –AD 35–38 0 15 2–16 & 39 A/S16 3–A/S 19 6 NMI 17 34 BHE/S7 INTR 18 33 MN/MX CLK 19 32 RD INTEL GND 20 31 HOLD 8086 RESET 21 30 HLDA READY 22 29 WR TEST 23 28 M/IO INTA 24 27 DT/R ALE 25 26 DEN Fig. 11.1: Signals of intel 8086 for minimum mode of operation 2. What is the technology used in 8086 µµµP? Ans. It is manufactured using high performance metal-oxide semiconductor (HMOS) technology. It has approximately 29,000 transistors and housed in a 40-pin DIP package. 3. Mention and explain the modes in which 8086 can operate. Ans. 8086 µP can operate in two modes—MIN mode and MAX mode. When MN/MX pin is high, it operates in MIN mode and when low, 8086 operates in MAX mode. 194 Understanding 8085/8086 Microprocessors and Peripheral ICs through Questions and Answers For a small system in which only one 8086 microprocessor is employed as a CPU, the system operates in MIN mode (Uniprocessor). While if more than one 8086 operate in a system then it is said to operate in MAX mode (Multiprocessor). -
Optimizing Subroutines in Assembly Language an Optimization Guide for X86 Platforms
2. Optimizing subroutines in assembly language An optimization guide for x86 platforms By Agner Fog. Copenhagen University College of Engineering. Copyright © 1996 - 2012. Last updated 2012-02-29. Contents 1 Introduction ....................................................................................................................... 4 1.1 Reasons for using assembly code .............................................................................. 5 1.2 Reasons for not using assembly code ........................................................................ 5 1.3 Microprocessors covered by this manual .................................................................... 6 1.4 Operating systems covered by this manual................................................................. 7 2 Before you start................................................................................................................. 7 2.1 Things to decide before you start programming .......................................................... 7 2.2 Make a test strategy.................................................................................................... 9 2.3 Common coding pitfalls............................................................................................. 10 3 The basics of assembly coding........................................................................................ 12 3.1 Assemblers available ................................................................................................ 12 3.2 Register set -
Assembly Language: IA-X86
Assembly Language for x86 Processors X86 Processor Architecture CS 271 Computer Architecture Purdue University Fort Wayne 1 Outline Basic IA Computer Organization IA-32 Registers Instruction Execution Cycle Basic IA Computer Organization Since the 1940's, the Von Neumann computers contains three key components: Processor, called also the CPU (Central Processing Unit) Memory and Storage Devices I/O Devices Interconnected with one or more buses Data Bus Address Bus data bus Control Bus registers Processor I/O I/O IA: Intel Architecture Memory Device Device (CPU) #1 #2 32-bit (or i386) ALU CU clock control bus address bus Processor The processor consists of Datapath ALU Registers Control unit ALU (Arithmetic logic unit) Performs arithmetic and logic operations Control unit (CU) Generates the control signals required to execute instructions Memory Address Space Address Space is the set of memory locations (bytes) that are addressable Next ... Basic Computer Organization IA-32 Registers Instruction Execution Cycle Registers Registers are high speed memory inside the CPU Eight 32-bit general-purpose registers Six 16-bit segment registers Processor Status Flags (EFLAGS) and Instruction Pointer (EIP) 32-bit General-Purpose Registers EAX EBP EBX ESP ECX ESI EDX EDI 16-bit Segment Registers EFLAGS CS ES SS FS EIP DS GS General-Purpose Registers Used primarily for arithmetic and data movement mov eax 10 ;move constant integer 10 into register eax Specialized uses of Registers eax – Accumulator register Automatically -
X86 Assembly Language Reference Manual
x86 Assembly Language Reference Manual Part No: 817–5477–11 March 2010 Copyright ©2010 Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. This software and related documentation are provided under a license agreement containing restrictions on use and disclosure and are protected by intellectual property laws. Except as expressly permitted in your license agreement or allowed by law, you may not use, copy, reproduce, translate, broadcast, modify, license, transmit, distribute, exhibit, perform, publish, or display any part, in any form, or by any means. Reverse engineering, disassembly, or decompilation of this software, unless required by law for interoperability, is prohibited. The information contained herein is subject to change without notice and is not warranted to be error-free. If you find any errors, please report them to us in writing. If this is software or related software documentation that is delivered to the U.S. Government or anyone licensing it on behalf of the U.S. Government, the following notice is applicable: U.S. GOVERNMENT RIGHTS Programs, software, databases, and related documentation and technical data delivered to U.S. Government customers are “commercial computer software” or “commercial technical data” pursuant to the applicable Federal Acquisition Regulation and agency-specific supplemental regulations. As such, the use, duplication, disclosure, modification, and adaptation shall be subject to the restrictions and license terms setforth in the applicable Government contract, and, to the extent applicable by the terms of the Government contract, the additional rights set forth in FAR 52.227-19, Commercial Computer Software License (December 2007). Oracle USA, Inc., 500 Oracle Parkway, Redwood City, CA 94065. -
Design of the RISC-V Instruction Set Architecture
Design of the RISC-V Instruction Set Architecture Andrew Waterman Electrical Engineering and Computer Sciences University of California at Berkeley Technical Report No. UCB/EECS-2016-1 http://www.eecs.berkeley.edu/Pubs/TechRpts/2016/EECS-2016-1.html January 3, 2016 Copyright © 2016, by the author(s). All rights reserved. Permission to make digital or hard copies of all or part of this work for personal or classroom use is granted without fee provided that copies are not made or distributed for profit or commercial advantage and that copies bear this notice and the full citation on the first page. To copy otherwise, to republish, to post on servers or to redistribute to lists, requires prior specific permission. Design of the RISC-V Instruction Set Architecture by Andrew Shell Waterman A dissertation submitted in partial satisfaction of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Computer Science in the Graduate Division of the University of California, Berkeley Committee in charge: Professor David Patterson, Chair Professor Krste Asanovi´c Associate Professor Per-Olof Persson Spring 2016 Design of the RISC-V Instruction Set Architecture Copyright 2016 by Andrew Shell Waterman 1 Abstract Design of the RISC-V Instruction Set Architecture by Andrew Shell Waterman Doctor of Philosophy in Computer Science University of California, Berkeley Professor David Patterson, Chair The hardware-software interface, embodied in the instruction set architecture (ISA), is arguably the most important interface in a computer system. Yet, in contrast to nearly all other interfaces in a modern computer system, all commercially popular ISAs are proprietary.