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Piper, Munchen, 1977 Issue 1 2021 Volume 17 The Journal on Advanced Studies in Theoretical and Experimental Physics, including Related Themes from Mathematics PROGRESS IN PHYSICS “All scientists shall have the right to present their scientific research results, in whole or in part, at relevant scientific conferences, and to publish the same in printed scientific journals, electronic archives, and any other media.” — Declaration of Academic Freedom, Article 8 ISSN 1555-5534 The Journal on Advanced Studies in Theoretical and Experimental Physics, including Related Themes from Mathematics PROGRESS IN PHYSICS A quarterly issue scientific journal, registered with the Library of Congress (DC, USA). This journal is peer reviewed and included in the abstracting and indexing coverage of: Mathematical Reviews and MathSciNet (AMS, USA), DOAJ of Lund University (Sweden), Scientific Commons of the University of St. Gallen (Switzerland), Open-J-Gate (India), Referativnyi Zhurnal VINITI (Russia), etc. Electronic version of this journal: http://www.ptep-online.com Advisory Board Dmitri Rabounski, Editor-in-Chief, Founder April 2021 Vol. 17, Issue 1 Florentin Smarandache, Associate Editor, Founder Larissa Borissova, CONTENTS Associate Editor, Founder Editorial Board Johns O. D. Relativistically Correct Electromagnetic Energy Flow . 3 Pierre Millette Msindo S., Nyambuya G. G., Nyamhere C. Plausible Fundamental Origins of Emis- [email protected] sivity (I) . .10 Andreas Ries [email protected] Kritov A. Remark to Approach to the Schwarzschild Metric with SL(2,R) Group De- Gunn Quznetsov composition . 14 [email protected] Belyakov A. V. The Substantive Model of the Proton According to J. Wheeler’s Geo- Ebenezer Chifu metrodynamic Concept . 15 [email protected] Dvoeglazov V. V. Algebra of Discrete Symmetries in the Extended Poincare´ Group . 20 Postal Address Weng S. Theoretical Study on Polarized Photon . 23 Department of Mathematics and Science, Dvoeglazov V. V. University of New Mexico, A Note on the Barut Second-Order Equation . 30 705 Gurley Ave., Gallup, NM 87301, USA Dorda G. The Unification of the Basic Units Meter, Kilogram and Second and the Essence of the Phenomenon Time . .32 Copyright © Progress in Physics, 2021 Dumitru S. A Survey on Uncertainty Relations and Quantum Measurements: Arguments All rights reserved. The authors of the ar- for Lucrative Parsimony in Approaches of Matters . 38 ticles do hereby grant Progress in Physics non-exclusive, worldwide, royalty-free li- Millette P. A. Laser Action in the Stellar Atmospheres of Wolf-Rayet Stars and cense to publish and distribute the articles in Quasi-Stellar Objects (QSOs) . 71 accordance with the Budapest Open Initia- Muller¨ H. Physics of Transcendental Numbers Meets Gravitation . 83 tive: this means that electronic copying, dis- tribution and printing of both full-size ver- Zhang T. X. The Role Played by Plasma Waves in Stabilizing Solar Nuclear Fusion . 93 sion of the journal and the individual papers Potter F. Antarctic Circumpolar Current: Driven by Gravitational Forces? . 99 published therein for non-commercial, aca- demic or individual use can be made by any Millette P. A. Stellar Evolution of High Mass-Loss Stars . .104 user without permission or charge. The au- Muller¨ H., Angeli R., Baccara R., Hofmann R. L., Muratori S., Nastasi O., Papa G., thors of the articles published in Progress in Physics retain their rights to use this journal Santoni F., Venegoni C., Zanellati F., Khosravi L. Physics of Numbers as Model of as a whole or any part of it in any other pub- Telepathic Entanglement . 116 lications and in any way they see fit. Any Nyambuya G. G. Dirac 4×1 Wavefunction Recast into a 4×4 Type Wavefunction . 124 part of Progress in Physics howsoever used in other publications must include an appro- priate citation of this journal. This journal is powered by LATEX A variety of books can be downloaded free from the Digital Library of Science: http://fs.gallup.unm.edu/ScienceLibrary.htm ISSN: 1555-5534 (print) ISSN: 1555-5615 (online) Standard Address Number: 297-5092 Printed in the United States of America Information for Authors Progress in Physics has been created for rapid publications on advanced studies in theoretical and experimental physics, including related themes from mathematics and astronomy. All submitted papers should be professional, in good English, containing a brief review of a problem and obtained results. 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Issue 1 (April) PROGRESS IN PHYSICS Volume 17 (2021) Relativistically Correct Electromagnetic Energy Flow Oliver Davis Johns San Francisco State University, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Thornton Hall, 1600 Holloway Avenue, San Francisco, CA 94132 USA. Email: [email protected] Detailed study of the energy and momentum carried by the electromagnetic field can be a source of clues to possible new physics underlying the Maxwell equations. But such study has been impeded by expressions for the parameters of the electromagnetic energy flow that are inconsistent with the transformation rules of special relativity. This paper begins by correcting a basic parameter, the local velocity of electromagnetic en- ergy flow. This correction is derived by the direct application of the transformation rules of special relativity. After this correction, the electromagnetic energy-momentum tensor can then be expressed in a reference system comoving with the energy flow. This tensor can be made diagonal in the comoving system, and brought into a canonical form depending only on the energy density and one other parameter. The corrected energy flow and its energy-momentum tensor are illustrated by a simple example using static electric and magnetic fields. The proposal that electromagnetic momentum results from the motion of a relativistic mass contained in the fields is examined in the context of the corrected flow velocity. It is found that electromagnetic field momentum, though real, cannot be explained as due only to the motion of relativistic mass. The paper concludes that introducing the requirement of consistency with special relativity opens the study of electromagnetic energy and momentum to new possibilities. 1 Introduction field. It is found that this mass density does not correctly relate the momentum density to the flow velocity. Electro- The Feynman example of a rotating disk with a magnet at its magnetic field momentum, although real, is not due only to center and charged spheres on its perimeter provides a con- the motion of relativistic mass. vincing argument that, to preserve the principle of angular Section 6 concludes that introducing the requirement of momentum conservation, the field momentum of even a static special relativistic covariance into the study of the flow of electromagnetic field must be considered physically real.∗ energy in electromagnetic fields opens up new possibilities Since the energy density and momentum density of the for investigation of such flows. electromagnetic field are real, it is important to investigate Electromagnetic formulas in this paper are taken from the details of the energy flow that they represent. Since spe- Griffiths [6] and Jackson [7] with translation to Heaviside- cial relativity is the symmetry theory of electrodynamics, it is Lorentz units. I denote four-vectors as A = A0e + A where essential that such investigations respect the transformation 0 e0 is the time unit vector and the three-vector part is un- laws of special relativity.
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