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080575-2007.Pdf WESTERN AUSTRALIAN AASTRONOMSTRONOMYY ALMANACALMANAC FREEINCLUDES CD TheThe reallyreally usefuluseful guideguide toto thethe wonderswonders ofof thethe nightnight skysky Highlights: Mid January Comet C/2005 P1 (McNaught)(McNaught) maymay bebe visiblevisible March 4 Total Eclipse of the Moon April 20 Venus visible in daytime May 20 Venus visible in daytime June Two full moons July 17 Lunar occultation of Regulus June 18 Venus visible in daytime August 28 Total Eclipse of the Moon October 7 Venus visible in daytime November 6 Venus visible in daytime 20072007 2007 JANUARY 2007 FEBRUARY 2007 MARCH 2007 Sun Mon Tue Wed Thu Fri Sat Sun Mon Tue Wed Thu Fri Sat Sun Mon Tue Wed Thu Fri Sat 123456 123 123 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 45678910 45678910 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 28 29 30 31 25 26 27 28 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 APRIL 2007 MAY 2007 JUNE 2007 Sun Mon Tue Wed Thu Fri Sat Sun Mon Tue Wed Thu Fri Sat Sun Mon Tue Wed Thu Fri Sat 1234567 12345 12 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 3456789 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 29 30 27 28 29 30 31 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 JULY 2007 AUGUST 2007 SEPTEMBER 2007 Sun Mon Tue Wed Thu Fri Sat Sun Mon Tue Wed Thu Fri Sat Sun Mon Tue Wed Thu Fri Sat 1234567 1234 30 1 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 5 6 7 8 91011 2345678 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 9101112131415 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 29 30 31 26 27 28 29 30 31 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 OCTOBER 2007 NOVEMBER 2007 DECEMBER 2007 Sun Mon Tue Wed Thu Fri Sat Sun Mon Tue Wed Thu Fri Sat Sun Mon Tue Wed Thu Fri Sat 123456 123 30 31 1 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 45678910 2345678 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 9101112131415 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 28 29 30 31 25 26 27 28 29 30 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 New Moon First Quarter Full Moon Last Quarter WESTERN AUSTRALIAN AASTRONOMSTRONOMYY ALMANACALMANAC 2007CONTENTS Introduction 3 Getting Started 4 How To Use This Almanac 6 January 8 February 12 March 16 April 20 May 24 June 28 July 32 August 36 September 40 October 44 November 48 December 52 Special Events – Eclipses & Occultations 56 Solar System Information 60 Stars & Non-Stellar Objects 95 Background & General Information 99 Western Australian Places of Astronomical Interest 120 © Perth Observatory 2006 This book is copyright. Apart from any fair dealings for purposes of private study, criticism or review, as permitted under the Copyright Act, no part may be reproduced by any process without written permission. Inquiries should be made to the publishers. ISBN 0-9581963-6-2 Published in December 2006 by: Perth Observatory, 337 Walnut Rd, Bickley 6076, Western Australia Phone: (08) 9293 8255 Fax: (08) 9293 8138 Website: www.perthobservatory.wa.gov.au Email: [email protected] Western Australian Astronomy Almanac 2007 may be purchased directly from Perth Observatory, Phone (08) 9293 8255, or from all good booksellers. Disclaimer: Perth Observatory has gone to a great deal of effort to ensure that all the details in this almanac are correct. However, the Perth Observatory cannot be held responsible for any eventuality arising out of the use of the data herein. It is advisable to contact Perth Observatory directly with your astronomical data requirements in order to maximise their quality. Please note that charges apply for such consultancies. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS Thanks to Perth Observatory staff for proof reading and input, Peter Pieloor of Ali B Design for all the graphic design work, and the taxpayers of Western Australia who have supported Perth Observatory for over a century. Information for this almanac was adapted from the following sources: ‘Astronomical Almanac for the Year 2007’, (US Naval Observatory/H.M. Nautical Almanac Office, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory). ‘Astronomical Tables of the Sun, Moon and Planets’, 2nd ed., 1995, by Jean Meeus, Willmann-Bell Inc. ‘Astronomy and Astrophysics in the New Millennium’, National Research Council USA, National Academy Press. ‘The Cambridge Guide to the Constellations’, 1995, by Michael E Bakich, Cambridge University Press. ‘Eclipse! The What, Where, When, Why and How Guide to Watching Solar and Lunar Eclipses’, 1997, by Philip Harrington, John Wiley & Sons, Inc. ‘Explanatory Supplement to the Astronomical Almanac’, 1992, ed. by P. K. Seidelmann, University Science Books, Mill Valley, California, USA. ‘Frequently Asked Questions About Calendars’, by Claus Tondering, 2005. ‘Mathematical Astronomy Morsels’, 1997, by Jean Meeus, Willmann-Bell Inc. ‘More Mathematical Astronomy Morsels’, 2002, by Jean Meeus, Willmann-Bell Inc. ‘The Southern Sky Guide’, 1993, by David Ellyard & Wil Tirion, Cambridge University Press. ‘Total Eclipses: Science, Observations, Myths and Legends’, 1999, by Pierre Guillermier and Serge Koutchmy, Springer – Praxis Series in Astronomy. Heavens Above website http://www.heavens above.com ICQ/CBAT/MPC World Wide Web pages http://cfa-www.harvard.edu/iau/ International Meteor Organization http://www.imo.net/ JPL Solar Systems Dynamics Group http://ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/ NASA National Space Science Data Center http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/planetary Resolutions 5 and 6 adopted at IAU XXVIth General Assembly in Prague, on August 24, 2006. http://www.iau.org/Resolutions_at_GA-XXVI.340.0.html SIMBAD database, operated at CDS, Strasbourg, France http://simbad.u-strasbg.fr/sim-fid.pl Sky and Telescope magazine http://skyandtelescope.com/ United States Naval Observatory http://www.usno.navy.mil US Geological Survey Planetary Nomenclature http://planetarynames.wr.usgs.gov/ ICE version 0.51, US Naval Observatory, Nautical Almanac Office Sky Charts – Cartes du Ciel version 2.76 by Patrick Chevalley Starry Night Pro, version 3.0.2, Sienna Software Inc. Front cover image: This features the giant star-forming region in the southern sky known as the Carina Nebula (NGC3372). This image is created by combining the light from 3 different filters tracing emission from oxygen (blue), hydrogen (green), and sulphur (red). The colour is also representative of the temperature in the ionized gas: blue is relatively hot and red is cooler. The Carina Nebula is one of the most prominent features of the Southern Milky Way visible to the naked eye. Its distance from us is about 8,000 light years, and it has a diameter of over 200 light years. In normal colour images it is generally red in colour due to the fluorescent emission from of hydrogen. This emission from the gaseous nebula is caused by intense ultraviolet radiation from young, hot stars in the clusters within it. In fact, the Carina Nebula is the region nearest to the Sun where there are examples of the most massive stars known (spectral type O3), with surface temperatures 10 times and masses 100 times those of the Sun. The bright star near the centre of the image is Eta Carinae, which is one of the most massive and luminous stars known. Acknowledgement: Nathan Smith, University of Minnesota/NOAO/AURA/NSF 2 INTRODUCTION It was a case of back to the future for astronomy in 2006. The controversy concerning Pluto’s redefinition from a planet to dwarf planet is not unique in astronomical history – similar controversy accompanied the redefinition of the “planets” Ceres, Pallas, Juno, Vesta, and others, to minor planets/asteroids in the mid 1800’s. What is not controversial is the need for appropriate definitions, or more precisely a “taxonomical” system for planet-like objects. This will aid our understanding and facilitate advancement in this field and the never-ending discoveries in our Solar System (and the Milky Way galaxy) are forcing us in this direction. The term planet conjures images of a diverse range of astronomical objects that is as unconstructive to astronomers as a zoological garden with all enclosures labelled “animal” is to zoologists. It is clear that the “planet-definition” debate will continue into 2007 and beyond – and well it should. The current debate has focussed on a definition applicable only to the Solar System. This is justifiable as Solar System objects are closer and thus, in principle, easier to observe and discern their characteristics. However, this limitation has not restrained controversy to date. In fact, it is easy to foresee that the debate will get more problematic as implicitly related to the definition of a planet is the definition of a moon. At one time in the current planet debate it was mooted that Charon, the large moon of Pluto (nearly half Pluto’s diameter) should be classified a planet and the Pluto-Charon system should be classified a double planet. However, there are several Solar System moons larger than Pluto, including our Moon (Luna). And why should a planet definition be restricted to the Solar System – free floating objects that have too little mass to become stars have been found in the Milky Way, and convincing evidence has been found for over 200 planets orbiting near, and distant, stars.
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