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Lomonosov, the Discovery of Venus's Atmosphere, and Eighteenth Century Transits of Venus
Journal of Astronomical History and Heritage, 15(1), 3-14 (2012). LOMONOSOV, THE DISCOVERY OF VENUS'S ATMOSPHERE, AND EIGHTEENTH CENTURY TRANSITS OF VENUS Jay M. Pasachoff Hopkins Observatory, Williams College, Williamstown, Mass. 01267, USA. E-mail: [email protected] and William Sheehan 2105 SE 6th Avenue, Willmar, Minnesota 56201, USA. E-mail: [email protected] Abstract: The discovery of Venus's atmosphere has been widely attributed to the Russian academician M.V. Lomonosov from his observations of the 1761 transit of Venus from St. Petersburg. Other observers at the time also made observations that have been ascribed to the effects of the atmosphere of Venus. Though Venus does have an atmosphere one hundred times denser than the Earth’s and refracts sunlight so as to produce an ‘aureole’ around the planet’s disk when it is ingressing and egressing the solar limb, many eighteenth century observers also upheld the doctrine of cosmic pluralism: believing that the planets were inhabited, they had a preconceived bias for believing that the other planets must have atmospheres. A careful re-examination of several of the most important accounts of eighteenth century observers and comparisons with the observations of the nineteenth century and 2004 transits shows that Lomonosov inferred the existence of Venus’s atmosphere from observations related to the ‘black drop’, which has nothing to do with the atmosphere of Venus. Several observers of the eighteenth-century transits, includ- ing Chappe d’Auteroche, Bergman, and Wargentin in 1761 and Wales, Dymond, and Rittenhouse in 1769, may have made bona fide observations of the aureole produced by the atmosphere of Venus. -
Explore the Universe Observing Certificate Second Edition
RASC Observing Committee Explore the Universe Observing Certificate Second Edition Explore the Universe Observing Certificate Welcome to the Explore the Universe Observing Certificate Program. This program is designed to provide the observer with a well-rounded introduction to the night sky visible from North America. Using this observing program is an excellent way to gain knowledge and experience in astronomy. Experienced observers find that a planned observing session results in a more satisfying and interesting experience. This program will help introduce you to amateur astronomy and prepare you for other more challenging certificate programs such as the Messier and Finest NGC. The program covers the full range of astronomical objects. Here is a summary: Observing Objective Requirement Available Constellations and Bright Stars 12 24 The Moon 16 32 Solar System 5 10 Deep Sky Objects 12 24 Double Stars 10 20 Total 55 110 In each category a choice of objects is provided so that you can begin the certificate at any time of the year. In order to receive your certificate you need to observe a total of 55 of the 110 objects available. Here is a summary of some of the abbreviations used in this program Instrument V – Visual (unaided eye) B – Binocular T – Telescope V/B - Visual/Binocular B/T - Binocular/Telescope Season Season when the object can be best seen in the evening sky between dusk. and midnight. Objects may also be seen in other seasons. Description Brief description of the target object, its common name and other details. Cons Constellation where object can be found (if applicable) BOG Ref Refers to corresponding references in the RASC’s The Beginner’s Observing Guide highlighting this object. -
Wynyard Planetarium & Observatory a Autumn Observing Notes
Wynyard Planetarium & Observatory A Autumn Observing Notes Wynyard Planetarium & Observatory PUBLIC OBSERVING – Autumn Tour of the Sky with the Naked Eye CASSIOPEIA Look for the ‘W’ 4 shape 3 Polaris URSA MINOR Notice how the constellations swing around Polaris during the night Pherkad Kochab Is Kochab orange compared 2 to Polaris? Pointers Is Dubhe Dubhe yellowish compared to Merak? 1 Merak THE PLOUGH Figure 1: Sketch of the northern sky in autumn. © Rob Peeling, CaDAS, 2007 version 1.2 Wynyard Planetarium & Observatory PUBLIC OBSERVING – Autumn North 1. On leaving the planetarium, turn around and look northwards over the roof of the building. Close to the horizon is a group of stars like the outline of a saucepan with the handle stretching to your left. This is the Plough (also called the Big Dipper) and is part of the constellation Ursa Major, the Great Bear. The two right-hand stars are called the Pointers. Can you tell that the higher of the two, Dubhe is slightly yellowish compared to the lower, Merak? Check with binoculars. Not all stars are white. The colour shows that Dubhe is cooler than Merak in the same way that red-hot is cooler than white- hot. 2. Use the Pointers to guide you upwards to the next bright star. This is Polaris, the Pole (or North) Star. Note that it is not the brightest star in the sky, a common misconception. Below and to the left are two prominent but fainter stars. These are Kochab and Pherkad, the Guardians of the Pole. Look carefully and you will notice that Kochab is slightly orange when compared to Polaris. -
Variable Star Section Circular No
The British Astronomical Association Variable Star Section Circular No. 176 June 2018 Office: Burlington House, Piccadilly, London W1J 0DU Contents Joint BAA-AAVSO meeting 3 From the Director 4 V392 Per (Nova Per 2018) - Gary Poyner & Robin Leadbeater 7 High-Cadence measurements of the symbiotic star V648 Car using a CMOS camera - Steve Fleming, Terry Moon and David Hoxley 9 Analysis of two semi-regular variables in Draco – Shaun Albrighton 13 V720 Cas and its close companions – David Boyd 16 Introduction to AstroImageJ photometry software – Richard Lee 20 Project Melvyn, May 2018 update – Alex Pratt 25 Eclipsing Binary news – Des Loughney 27 Summer Eclipsing Binaries – Christopher Lloyd 29 68u Herculis – David Conner 36 The BAAVSS Eclipsing Binary Programme lists – Christopher Lloyd 39 Section Publications 42 Contributing to the VSSC 42 Section Officers 43 Cover image V392 Per (Nova Per 2018) May 6.129UT iTelescope T11 120s. Martin Mobberley 2 Back to contents Joint BAA/AAVSO Meeting on Variable Stars Warwick University Saturday 7th & Sunday 8th July 2018 Following the last very successful joint meeting between the BAAVSS and the AAVSO at Cambridge in 2008, we are holding another joint meeting at Warwick University in the UK on 7-8 July 2018. This two-day meeting will include talks by Prof Giovanna Tinetti (University College London) Chemical composition of planets in our Galaxy Prof Boris Gaensicke (University of Warwick) Gaia: Transforming Stellar Astronomy Prof Tom Marsh (University of Warwick) AR Scorpii: a remarkable highly variable -
Measuring the Universe: a Brief History of Time
Measuring the Universe A Brief History of Time & Distance from Summer Solstice to the Big Bang Michael W. Masters Outline • Seasons and Calendars • Greece Invents Astronomy Part I • Navigation and Timekeeping • Measuring the Solar System Part II • The Expanding Universe Nov 2010 Measuring the Universe 2 Origins of Astronomy • Astronomy is the oldest natural science – Early cultures identified celestial events with spirits • Over time, humans began to correlate events in the sky with phenomena on earth – Phases of the Moon and cycles of the Sun & stars • Stone Age cave paintings show Moon phases! – Related sky events to weather patterns, seasons and tides • Neolithic humans began to grow crops (8000-5500 BC) – Agriculture made timing the seasons vital – Artifacts were built to fix the dates of the Vernal Equinox and the Summer Solstice A 16,500 year old night • Astronomy’s originators sky map has been found include early Chinese, on the walls of the famous Lascaux painted Babylonians, Greeks, caves in central France. Egyptians, Indians, and The map shows three bright stars known today Mesoamericans as the Summer Triangle. Source: http://ephemeris.com/history/prehistoric.html Nov 2010 Measuring the Universe 3 Astronomy in Early History • Sky surveys were developed as long ago as 3000 BC – The Chinese & Babylonians and the Greek astronomer, Meton of Athens (632 BC), discovered that eclipses follow an 18.61-year cycle, now known as the Metonic cycle – First known written star catalog was developed by Gan De in China in 4 th Century BC – Chinese -
Choosing and Using Astronomical Filters
Martin Griffiths Choosing and Using Astronomical Filters The Patrick Moore The Patrick Moore Practical Astronomy Series For further volumes: http://www.springer.com/series/3192 Globular cluster Messier 5 in Serpens. Image by Martin Griffiths courtesy of LCOGT Choosing and Using Astronomical Filters Martin Griffi ths Martin Griffi ths University of South Wales Glyntaf , UK ISSN 1431-9756 ISSN 2197-6562 (electronic) ISBN 978-1-4939-1043-4 ISBN 978-1-4939-1044-1 (eBook) DOI 10.1007/978-1-4939-1044-1 Springer New York Heidelberg Dordrecht London Library of Congress Control Number: 2014940529 © Springer Science+Business Media New York 2015 This work is subject to copyright. All rights are reserved by the Publisher, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifi cally the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfi lms or in any other physical way, and transmission or information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilar methodology now known or hereafter developed. Exempted from this legal reservation are brief excerpts in connection with reviews or scholarly analysis or material supplied specifi cally for the purpose of being entered and executed on a computer system, for exclusive use by the purchaser of the work. Duplication of this publication or parts thereof is permitted only under the provisions of the Copyright Law of the Publisher’s location, in its current version, and permission for use must always be obtained from Springer. Permissions for use may be obtained through RightsLink at the Copyright Clearance Center. Violations are liable to prosecution under the respective Copyright Law. -
The Heavens in August a Study of Short Period Variables
100 SCIENTIFIC,AMERlCAN July 31, 1915 The Heavens in August A Study of Short Period Variables By Prof. Henry Norris Russell, Ph.D. HE warm clear nights of summer offer the amateur which is marked on our map, .and the second lies about and but 18 minutes of arc apart, while Neptune is only T the best chance for star-gazing in all the year, and, two fifths of the way from this to () Ophiuchi (also a degree away on the other side. This simultaneous fortunately, he has one of the finest portions of the shown on the map) and is the only bright star near conjunction of three planets is rather remarkable, but, heavens at his command in the splendid region of the this line. The character of the variation is in both as they rise less than an hour earlier than the Sun, Milky Way, which stretches from Cassiopeia and cases very similar to that of the stars previously de Neptune will be utterly invisible, though the other two Cygnus through Aquila to Sagittarius and Scorpio, and scribed. w Sagittarii varies from magnitude 4.3 to 5.1 planets may easily be seen with a telescope (provided forms a vast circle right across the summit of the vault in a period of 7.595 days, the ris� in brightness taking with suitable finding circles ) even in broad daylight, of heaven. about half as long as the fall, and the maximum being and in the same low-power field. The veriest novice can learn in an hour to identify a little more than twice the minimum light. -
The Comet's Tale
THE COMET’S TALE Newsletter of the Comet Section of the British Astronomical Association Volume 5, No 1 (Issue 9), 1998 May A May Day in February! Comet Section Meeting, Institute of Astronomy, Cambridge, 1998 February 14 The day started early for me, or attention and there were displays to correct Guide Star magnitudes perhaps I should say the previous of the latest comet light curves in the same field. If you haven’t day finished late as I was up till and photographs of comet Hale- got access to this catalogue then nearly 3am. This wasn’t because Bopp taken by Michael Hendrie you can always give a field sketch the sky was clear or a Valentine’s and Glynn Marsh. showing the stars you have used Ball, but because I’d been reffing in the magnitude estimate and I an ice hockey match at The formal session started after will make the reduction. From Peterborough! Despite this I was lunch, and I opened the talks with these magnitude estimates I can at the IOA to welcome the first some comments on visual build up a light curve which arrivals and to get things set up observation. Detailed instructions shows the variation in activity for the day, which was more are given in the Section guide, so between different comets. Hale- reminiscent of May than here I concentrated on what is Bopp has demonstrated that February. The University now done with the observations and comets can stray up to a offers an undergraduate why it is important to be accurate magnitude from the mean curve, astronomy course and lectures are and objective when making them. -
September 2020 BRAS Newsletter
A Neowise Comet 2020, photo by Ralf Rohner of Skypointer Photography Monthly Meeting September 14th at 7:00 PM, via Jitsi (Monthly meetings are on 2nd Mondays at Highland Road Park Observatory, temporarily during quarantine at meet.jit.si/BRASMeets). GUEST SPEAKER: NASA Michoud Assembly Facility Director, Robert Champion What's In This Issue? President’s Message Secretary's Summary Business Meeting Minutes Outreach Report Asteroid and Comet News Light Pollution Committee Report Globe at Night Member’s Corner –My Quest For A Dark Place, by Chris Carlton Astro-Photos by BRAS Members Messages from the HRPO REMOTE DISCUSSION Solar Viewing Plus Night Mercurian Elongation Spooky Sensation Great Martian Opposition Observing Notes: Aquila – The Eagle Like this newsletter? See PAST ISSUES online back to 2009 Visit us on Facebook – Baton Rouge Astronomical Society Baton Rouge Astronomical Society Newsletter, Night Visions Page 2 of 27 September 2020 President’s Message Welcome to September. You may have noticed that this newsletter is showing up a little bit later than usual, and it’s for good reason: release of the newsletter will now happen after the monthly business meeting so that we can have a chance to keep everybody up to date on the latest information. Sometimes, this will mean the newsletter shows up a couple of days late. But, the upshot is that you’ll now be able to see what we discussed at the recent business meeting and have time to digest it before our general meeting in case you want to give some feedback. Now that we’re on the new format, business meetings (and the oft neglected Light Pollution Committee Meeting), are going to start being open to all members of the club again by simply joining up in the respective chat rooms the Wednesday before the first Monday of the month—which I encourage people to do, especially if you have some ideas you want to see the club put into action. -
LIST of PUBLICATIONS Aryabhatta Research Institute of Observational Sciences ARIES (An Autonomous Scientific Research Institute
LIST OF PUBLICATIONS Aryabhatta Research Institute of Observational Sciences ARIES (An Autonomous Scientific Research Institute of Department of Science and Technology, Govt. of India) Manora Peak, Naini Tal - 263 129, India (1955−2020) ABBREVIATIONS AA: Astronomy and Astrophysics AASS: Astronomy and Astrophysics Supplement Series ACTA: Acta Astronomica AJ: Astronomical Journal ANG: Annals de Geophysique Ap. J.: Astrophysical Journal ASP: Astronomical Society of Pacific ASR: Advances in Space Research ASS: Astrophysics and Space Science AE: Atmospheric Environment ASL: Atmospheric Science Letters BA: Baltic Astronomy BAC: Bulletin Astronomical Institute of Czechoslovakia BASI: Bulletin of the Astronomical Society of India BIVS: Bulletin of the Indian Vacuum Society BNIS: Bulletin of National Institute of Sciences CJAA: Chinese Journal of Astronomy and Astrophysics CS: Current Science EPS: Earth Planets Space GRL : Geophysical Research Letters IAU: International Astronomical Union IBVS: Information Bulletin on Variable Stars IJHS: Indian Journal of History of Science IJPAP: Indian Journal of Pure and Applied Physics IJRSP: Indian Journal of Radio and Space Physics INSA: Indian National Science Academy JAA: Journal of Astrophysics and Astronomy JAMC: Journal of Applied Meterology and Climatology JATP: Journal of Atmospheric and Terrestrial Physics JBAA: Journal of British Astronomical Association JCAP: Journal of Cosmology and Astroparticle Physics JESS : Jr. of Earth System Science JGR : Journal of Geophysical Research JIGR: Journal of Indian -
School of Physics Publications 2007
School of Physics Publications 2007 Books Karnutsch, C 2007, Low threshold organic thin-film laser devices, Göttingen, 1 Ostrikov, K, Xu, S 2007, Plasma-Aided Nanofabrication: From Plasma Sources to Nanoassembly, Weinheim, Germany Book Chapters Beck, R, Gaensler, B M, Feretti, L 2007, SKA and the Magnetic Universe, Exploring the Cosmic Frontier: Astrophysical Instruments for the 21st Century, Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg, Berlin Heidelberg, 103-108 Bilek, M, Powles, R C, McKenzie, D R 2007, Treatment of polymeric biomaterials by ion implantation, Biomaterials and Surface Modification, Research Signpost, India, 205-248 Britton, S C, New, P B, Roberts, A L, Sharma, M D 2007, Investigating students' ability totransfer mathematics, Transforming a university: the scholarship of teaching and learning in practice, University of Sydney Press, NSW, Australia, 127-140 Dey, C J, Berger, C, Foran, B, Foran, M, Joske, R, Lenzen, M, Wood, R J 2007, Household environmental pressure from consumption: an Australian environmental atlas, Water Wind Art and Debate -How environmental concerns impacton disciplinary research, Sydney University Press, Sydney, 1, 280-314 Eggleton, B J, Slusher, R 2007, Nonlinear pulse propagation in one-dimensional photonic bandgap structures, Nonlinear photonic bandgap materials, Springer Khoukhi, M, Maruyama, S, Bosi, S G, Komiya, A 2007, A Simple Approach for Calculating the Optical Constants of a Clear Glass Window from 0.19 to 5 um, Recent Developments in Solar Energy, Nova Science Publishers, Inc, New York, 289-297 -
Family Group Sheets Surname Index
PASSAIC COUNTY HISTORICAL SOCIETY FAMILY GROUP SHEETS SURNAME INDEX This collection of 660 folders contains over 50,000 family group sheets of families that resided in Passaic and Bergen Counties. These sheets were prepared by volunteers using the Societies various collections of church, ceme tery and bible records as well as city directo ries, county history books, newspaper abstracts and the Mattie Bowman manuscript collection. Example of a typical Family Group Sheet from the collection. PASSAIC COUNTY HISTORICAL SOCIETY FAMILY GROUP SHEETS — SURNAME INDEX A Aldous Anderson Arndt Aartse Aldrich Anderton Arnot Abbott Alenson Andolina Aronsohn Abeel Alesbrook Andreasen Arquhart Abel Alesso Andrews Arrayo Aber Alexander Andriesse (see Anderson) Arrowsmith Abers Alexandra Andruss Arthur Abildgaard Alfano Angell Arthurs Abraham Alje (see Alyea) Anger Aruesman Abrams Aljea (see Alyea) Angland Asbell Abrash Alji (see Alyea) Angle Ash Ack Allabough Anglehart Ashbee Acker Allee Anglin Ashbey Ackerman Allen Angotti Ashe Ackerson Allenan Angus Ashfield Ackert Aller Annan Ashley Acton Allerman Anners Ashman Adair Allibone Anness Ashton Adams Alliegro Annin Ashworth Adamson Allington Anson Asper Adcroft Alliot Anthony Aspinwall Addy Allison Anton Astin Adelman Allman Antoniou Astley Adolf Allmen Apel Astwood Adrian Allyton Appel Atchison Aesben Almgren Apple Ateroft Agar Almond Applebee Atha Ager Alois Applegate Atherly Agnew Alpart Appleton Atherson Ahnert Alper Apsley Atherton Aiken Alsheimer Arbuthnot Atkins Aikman Alterman Archbold Atkinson Aimone