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Titanium and Iron-Titanium Special Publication no.9Special Publication Ilmenite deposits and their geological environment SPECIAL PUBLICATION 9 Deposits in Norway Approximately 300 titanium and iron-titanium ore deposits are known in Norway;most of these occur in distinct Proterozoic and Phanerozoic geological provinces. Ilmenite deposits and their geological environment With special reference to the The Rogaland Anorthosite Province Rogaland Anorthosite Province (c.940-920 Ma) is highly important in terms of contained titanium and economic Including a geological map at scale 1:75,000 significance. and a CD with a guide to the province In a workshop in Rogaland in 2001, organised under the umbrella of the The Rogaland Intrusive Massifs European Science Foundation GEODE (Geodynamics and Ore Deposit Evolution) An Excursion guide programme,geoscientists from many countries came together to discuss various A CD-presentation of the aspects of the evolution of ilmenite deposits and their host rocks. excursion guidebook and additional geological map This volume of the NGU Special Publication information,photographs series is a follow-up of the 2001-conference, and SEM images with articles and abstracts dealing with the Rogaland Anorthosite Province as well as with ilmenite deposits elsewhere in the World. Also included is a full-size geological map of the province and a CD with a geological excursion guide. Rogaland Anorthosite Province NORGES GEOLOGISKE UNDERSØKELSE Special Publication 9 ISSN:0801-5961 ISBN:82-7385-108-7 NGU Leiv Eirikssons vei 39 N-7491 Trondheim,Norway Telephone +47 73 90 40 00 Telefax +47 73 92 16 20 E-mail:[email protected] Http://www.ngu.no Geology for Society since 1858 The NGU Special Publications series comprises consecutively numbered volumes containing papers and proceedings from national and international symposia or meetings dealing with Norwegian and international geology, geophysics and geochemistry; excursion guides from such symposia; and in some cases papers of particular value to the international geoscience community or collections of thematic articles.The language of the Special Publications series is English. Editor:Forsker dr.philos.David Roberts © 2003 Norges geologiske undersøkelse Published by Norges geologiske undersøkelse (Geological Survey of Norway) N-7491 Trondheim Norway All rights reserved ISSN:0801-5961 ISBN:82-7385-108-7 Graphic production:Skipnes AS Cover illustration: Geological map of the Rogaland Anorthosite Province.The image was produced by John F.Dehls using geological data from Marker et al.(this volume) and topographic data derived from the Norwegian mapping authority (Statens kartverk). Inset photograph shows the Tellnes open pit in 1964 (photo by Jean-Clair Duchesne). ILMENITE DEPOSITS AND THEIR GEOLOGICAL ENVIRONMENT SPECIAL PUBLICATION 9 - 3 NORGES GEOLOGISKE UNDERSØKELSE SPECIAL PUBLICATION NO. 9 Ilmenite deposits and their geological environment With special reference to the Rogaland Anorthosite Province Including a geological map at scale 1:75,000 and a CD with a guide to the province Edited by: JEAN-CLAIR DUCHESNE & ARE KORNELIUSSEN Trondheim 2003 4 - SPECIAL PUBLICATION 9 ILMENITE DEPOSITS AND THEIR GEOLOGICAL ENVIRONMENT Images from the Rogaland Anorthosite Province Modally layered norite within megacyclic unit III of the Bjerkreim-Sokndal layered intrusion at Teksevatnet (loc. 84, Fig. 1 in Schiellerup et al., this volume). Inset photo shows anorthosite xeno- liths in norite near the country rock contact of the Bjerkreim-Sokndal intrusion north of Bjerkreim. Participants at the GEODE field workshop (2001) visiting the Piggstein anorthosite-norite locality in the Egersund-Ogna anorthosite.The inset photo shows a mega-crystal of orthopyroxene in anorthosite. For further information, see the excursion guidebook (loc. 1.2) available on the enclo- sed CD. ILMENITE DEPOSITS AND THEIR GEOLOGICAL ENVIRONMENT SPECIAL PUBLICATION 9 - 5 Contents PREFACE ................................................................................................................ 9 SHORT PAPERS Genesis of magmatic oxide deposits - a view from the Bushveld Complex: Cawthorn, G. .................................................................... 11 Titanium deposits in Ukraine focussed on the Proterozoic anorthosite-hosted massifs: Gursky, D., Nechaev, S. & Bobrov, A. .................. 21 Links between the Proterozoic anorthosite-rapakivi granite plutons and ore-forming events in the Ukrainian Shield (ores of titanium, uranium, rare metal and gold): Nechaev, S. & Pastukhov, V. ................................................................................ 27 APPROACHES AND PROCESSES Do Fe-Ti oxide magmas exist? Geology: Yes; Experiments: No!: Lindsley, D.H. .............................................. 34 Some results on the role of P, T and fO2 on ilmenite composition: Vander Auwera, J., Longhi, J. & Duchesne, J.C. ................................................ 35 The nelsonite problem: the origin by melt immiscibility: Kozlowski, A. & Wiszniewska, J. ........................................................................ 37 On ilmenite and rutile ore provinces in Norway, and the relationships between geological process and deposit type: Korneliussen, A. .................................................................................................. 40 Ilmenite–zircon relationships in meta-anorthosites. Example from the Bergen Arc (Caledonides of W Norway) and implications for zircon geochronology: Bingen, B., Austrheim, H. & Whitehouse, M. .................................................... 41 Evidence from Re-Os for the origin of sulphide concentrations in anorthosites: Hannah, J.L. & Stein, H.J. ...................................................... 42 Effect of mineralogy and texture of sand and hard rock ilmenite in TiO2 pigments production by the sulfate process, a case study on Australian ilmenite concentrate and Tellnes ilmenite concentrate, Norway: Chernet, T. .......................................... 45 Parallel Re-Os isochrons and high 187Os/188Os initial ratios: constraints on the origin of sulphide-bearing anorthosite systems: Stein, H.J., Hannah, J.L., Morgan, J.W. & Scherstén, A. ...................... 47 FENNOSCANDIA Sveconorwegian rejuvenation of the lower crust in South Norway: Andersen, T., Griffin, W.L., Pearson, N.J. & Andresen, A: .................................. 51 Thermal modeling of the metamorphism of the Rogaland granulites: Schumacher, J.C. & Westphal, M. .................................. 53 Re-Os dating of the Ørsdalen W–Mo district in Rogaland, S Norway, and its relationship to Sveconorwegian high-grade metamorphic events: Bingen, B. & Stein, H. ................................ 55 Tectonic setting of the Egersund-Ogna anorthosite, Rogaland, Norway, and the position of Fennoscandia in the Late Proterozoic: Brown, L., McEnroe, S. & Smethurst, M. ........................ 58 Sulfides in the Rogaland Anorthosite Province: Schiellerup, H., Lambert, D.D. & Robins, B. ...................................................... 58 6 - SPECIAL PUBLICATION 9 ILMENITE DEPOSITS AND THEIR GEOLOGICAL ENVIRONMENT Fe-Ti-V-P deposits in anorthosite complexes: the bearing of parental magma composition and crystallization conditions on the economic value: Duchesne, J.C. & Vander Auwera, J. .................................................................. 60 Whole-rock geochemistry of the Bjerkreim-Sokndal layered series: bearing on crystallization processes of cumulus rocks: Charlier, B. & Duchesne, J.C. ............................................................................ 62 Relationship between the layered series and the overlying evolved rocks in the Bjerkreim-Sokndal intrusion, Southern Norway: Wilson, J.R. & Overgaard, G. .............................................. 64 SEM elemental mapping and characterisation of ilmenite, magnetite and apatite from the Bjerkreim-Sokndal layered intrusion: Gautneb, H. .......................................................................... 65 LA-HR-ICP-MS studies of ilmenite in MCU IV of the Bjerkreim- Sokndal intrusion, SW Norway: Meyer, G.B. & Mansfeld, J. .......................... 68 Geochemistry and mineralogy of the Tellnes ilmenite ore body: Kullerud, K. ............................................................ 70 Emplacement mechanism of the Tellnes ilmenite deposit (Rogaland, Norway) revealed by a combined magnetic and petrofabric study: Bolle, O., Diot, H., Lambert, J.M., Launeau, P. & Duchesne, J.C. .............................................................................. 71 Could the Tellnes ilmenite deposit have been produced by in-situ magma mixing?: Robinson, P., Kullerud, K., Tegner, C., Robins, B. & McEnroe, S. .................................................................. 74 Preliminary melting experiments on the Tellnes ilmenite norite from 0.5 to 1.2 GPa, implications for the composition of intercumulus melt: Skjerlie, K.P., Kullerud, K. & Robins, B. ........................ 77 Concentration of ilmenite in the late Sveconorwegian norite-anorthosite Hakefjorden Complex, SW Sweden: Årebäck, H. .............. 77 Gabbro-hosted ilmenite deposits in Finland: Kärkkäinen, N. ........................ 80 THE GRENVILLE PROVINCE IN CANADA Review of Fe-Ti±V and Fe-Ti-P2O5±V deposits associated with anorthositic suites in the Grenville Province, Québec: Perreault, S. & Hebert, C. .................................................................................. 83 A study of mineral compositions of