28688 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS August 31, 1976 NOMINATIONS Commission for the unexpired term of 7 FEDERAL COMMUNICATIONS COMMISSION years from July 1, 1971, vice Charlotte T. Executive nominations received by the Reid, resigned. Margareta E. White, of Virginia, to be a member of the Federal Communications Senate August 31, 1976: Joseph R. Fogarty, of Rhode Island, to be DEPART?.'lENT OF DEFENSE Commissio-n for a term of 7 years from July a member of the Federal Communications 1, 1976, vice Glen 0. Ro-binson, term expired, Everett T. Keech, of the District of Colum Commission for a term of 7 years from July which was sent to the Senate on July 19, bia, to be an Assistant Secretary of the Air 1, 1976, vice Glen 0. Robinson, term expired. 1976. Force, vice Francis Hughes, resigned. Joseph R. Fogarty, of Rhode Island, to be a FEDERAL COMMUNICATIONS COMMISSION member of the Federal Communications The following-named persons to the posi WITHDRAWALS Commission for the unexpired term of 7 years tions indicated: from July 1, 1971, vice Charlotte T. Reid, re Margareta E. White, of Virginia, to be a Executive nominations withdrawn signed, which was sent to the Senate on member of the Federal Communications from the Senate August 31, 1976: July 21, 1976.
EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS A GREAT AMERICAN developed in the History of the civilized Government which passes the laws, not world. It must be protected at any cost. The the regulatory commissions. I include American people may be forced against their Mr. LaMothe's article from the SUnday, HON. CLARENCE J. BROWN will to lose respect for and confidence in a August 8, New York Times at this point OF OHIO President, but they must never never lose respect for and confidence in the office of the in the RECORD: IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES President. What I am hoping for Mr. Presi FTC SEEKS TO DESTROY BIG BUSINESS Tuesday, August 31, 1976 dent, is a leadership at this point in time, to (By William E. LaMothe) call America and the world to obey God and (NoTE.-In recent days the motives of the Mr. BROWN of Ohio. Mr. Speaker, as build a moral and ethnic world for the United staffs of two Government regulatory agencies we are celebrating 200 years of American States and elsewhere that will stand on a have been severely criticized. In a statement freedom, I would like to call to the atten foundation as solid as our forefathers built printed below, William E. LaMothe, presi tion of the Members of this House the in the beginning of the Republic which gave dent of the Kellogg Company, attacked the story of one brave American who, during us direction for the first 200 years of our Federal Trade Commission's new "shared the struggle for our freedom two cen existence. Let us call upon all America, Black monopoly" theory under which it is attempt and White together, to heed God's call to ing to break up concentration in the break turies ago, made an outstanding and provide leadership that will guide us through honorable contribution that great fast cereal business. to the coming years so that America will be as (In another case, David I. Kraushaar, an cause-Richard Stanup (Stanhope) , a strong 200 years from now as we are today. administrative law judge of the Federal Com black American, who was born at Fred Sincerely, munications Commission, ruled last week ericksburg, va., March 1, 1748, and died MELWOOD STANHOPE. that the long distance rates of the American at the age of 114 years September 20, Telephone and Telegraph Company were rea 1862. For more than 50 years he was a sonable and disagreed with an F.C.C. trial resident of Champaign County, Ohio. staff pr<~posal on splitting A.T.&T.'s manu Mr. Melwood Stanhope, who is the FTC SEEKS TO DESTROY BIG facturing arm, the Western Electric Company BUSINESS from its parent. great, great grandson of Richard Stanup, (By coincidence, the Federal Trade Com still resides in Champaign County at mission also announced last week that it Urbana, which is also my home. Mr. HON. MARVIN L. ESCH would begin a major antitrust investigation Stanhope is as proud of his country today OF MICHIGAN of the automobile industry. It is believed as was his great, great grandfather be that the investigation is aimed, in part at fore him. With the following words, Mr. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES least, at General Motors Corporation. largest Stanhope stated his pride in America and Tuesday, August 31, 1976 of the four American car makers.) his hopes for our future in a recent letter There is a lack of trust, a bias, a negative Mr. ESCH. Mr. Speaker, one of the feeling in our Government. It's an antitrust to President Ford: major concerns of the people throughout JANUARY 12, 1976. lug attitude that has pervaded our Federal this Nation is the increasing involve regulatory agencies and appears to have PRESIDENT FORD, ment of the Federal Government in started them on a binge of negativism and The White House, destruction. It's a "we-don't-trust-you" no Washington, D.C. every aspect of our economic and per sonal lives. The increasing Federal inter tion that can lead to the same abuse of po-wer MY DEAR Ma. PRESIDENT: On July 4th we and injustice, the same excesses manifested will celebrate the 200th anniversary of the ference makes it more and more difficult in Watergate. founding of our CGuntry, paying tribute to for our free enterprise system to plan those who fought, bled and died for its ind& effectively or to work efficiently. As the Today, one of those mistrustful agencies, pendence. My Great, Great Grandfather, the Federal Trade Commission, is quietly Government becomes more and more in launching one of the broadest, most xnassive Richard Stanup, a name given by General volved, it becomes harder and harder for Washington which was later changed to and most expensive attacks by Government Stanhope according to Ba.Uous Dollar Maga American business to take new risks, to on corporations ever undertaken in America. zine of 1859. He is one American whose role initiate new products and to create new And it's all rooted in mistrust, a blat.ant blinding mistrust of America's most ·out has never been recognized. jobs. Mr. William E. LaMothe, president of standing resource-the efficient and success Richard Stanup (Stanhope) was said to ful business enterprise. have been according to ~tory, Chief Oif the Kellogg Co., in a recent article in Servants and Body Gua.rd of General Wash the New York Times, expressed the con Evidence that government is stepping up ington. He fought with him during the Revo cern which is felt by thousands of busi its attack on American business is every lutionary War. Being wounded several times where. In his 1974 economic message, Presi nessmen throughout the Nation-and dent Fo-rd asked for fines of $1 Inillion for and was at the bed of the First President not just those who work for major cor antitrust violations. In 1975 the Supreme when he died. For his service, he was given porations, either; but hundreds and Court slapped a $1,000-a-day fine on a cor his freedom and a land grant of 400 acres in thousands of small businessmen as well. poration that is estimated to run into mil the territory of Ohio. The daughters of the lions. Budgets have risen sharply for the American Revolution, a few years ago, placed While the specific problem which Mr. LaMothe discusses in his article is that antitrust activities of the Justice Depart a Plaque on his grave, which was greatly ment and F.T.C. Every day we read of some apprecialted by the family being unable to of the big business, it is typical of the new effort by the F.T.C. to pull out of cor join the organization because we were Black Government intervention in every sector porate America a corpus delicti, the evidence and my Great Great Grandfather was a slave. of the economy, with Federal regulatory that a crime has been committed. What We still reside in Urbana, Champaign agencies "making laws" far beyond the crime? What charges? Are the Commission's County. Ohio and have not allowed his express intention of the Congress when efforts preceded by evidence of something achievements to be forgotten. Taking pride the laws were created. afoul? No. Are these expeditions for evidence in his role as a Patriot and a Citizen in Amer I commend Mr. LaMothe's thoughtful founded on anything more than presump ica's founding, I am just as proud of my tions of guilt? No. Take the recent demand Country as was my Great Great Grandfather. article to you. It is well for all of us to the F.T.C. made of the advertising industry. We, as Citizens, are fortunate and blessed remember that it is private enterprise The commission subpoenaed eight major ad with the opportunity to live under and With which creates jobs and economic growth, agencies to submit a mountain of materials, one of the finest systems of Government ever not the Government. It should be the everything they've produced since last May. August 31, 1976 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 28689 Was there a charge of some wrongdoing? No. objectives. This Is precisely what got the is right, the time is now to impress upon Conspiracy? No. It was simply a case of Nixon Administration into trouble. And it's representatives, to impress upon the Govern "give me the evidence so I can indict you for all related to mistrust, a mistrust of Amer ment just what its role should be. I believe anything you might have done that I'll find ica's corporate talent and ingenuity that has this role should be built on trust--a funda out about," With the potential defendant's provided you and me with the best products mental trust of a system that has served this help, of course. in the world, with jobs, with a future. A mis country so well for 200 years, a system not Take the case of the F.T.C.'s recently order trust of skillful management and marketing perfect, not without excesses, but one that al ing six tobacco companies to supply it all techniques that are emulated throughout lows you and me and our families to come the market research the companies con the world, mistrust of what sadly is becom pretty close to living the good life. ducted during the past 12 years. Whether ing a great embarrassment in America, the (NoTE.-William E. LaMothe is president you smoke or don't smoke, you might wonder embarrassment of success, a quality that of the Kellogg Company, and these remarks if the F.T.C. is empowered by Congress to seems to irritate a big bungling bureaucracy. are excerpted from a recent speech given at cut cigarette sales. It isn't. Why the cereal industry? Why were we 144th Annual Convention of the Internation And now take the unprecedented case singled out? It is documented that one of al Platform Association in Washington, D.C.) against my industry, the cereal industry, the the primary reasons the cereal industry was F.T.C.'s most ambitious project by far. The singled out for this unprecedented case was F.T.C. accuses the major manufacturers of because it was presumed we lacked political breakfast cereals of bein~ what the commis clout. That's right. We were literally picked HOUSE JOINT RESOLUTION 1074 sion terms, a "shared monopoly.'' It seeks because we were thought to be politically to break us up, strip away our plants, force weak. Well, we're working on our clout and us to give the exclusive right to make some that's why I'm asklng you this question: HON. SILVIO 0. CONTE of our most successful products, Rice Krls What happens if our industry is splintered, OF MASSACHUSETTS pies and Special K. Furthermore, we would broken up because it Is found guilty, guilty have to license the formula and trademark of success, guilty of making wholesome prod IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES for every Kellogg cereal to anyone who wants ucts, guilty of provlding one of the best nu Tuesday, August 31, 1976 to use them free of charge. And what did tritional buys in America, guilty of succeed we do to be standing in the shadow of this ing in a system that has up till now rewarded Mr. CONTE. Mr. Speaker, I am pleased guillotine? What are we accused of doing success, not punished it, guilty of working to join my fellow colleague from Massa wrong? Nothing. We're not being accused of and achleving within a system that has pro chusetts (Mr. HARRINGTON) in cosponsor doing anything, but of being something. vided the incentive for us to grow and de ing House Joint Resolution 1074, a reso That's right. They're accusing us of being a velop and become the greatest country on lution calling for a study of the mar shared monopoly which Is their novel theory earth. Success. We're not ashamed of it. that a handful of companies can control a We're not embarrassed by it. We don't feel keting and misuse of infant formula in market even though there is no overt guilty over it. And we don't think it's a developing nations. The substitution of conspiracy. crime. And neither should you. Neither infant formula for mothers' milk under The cereal industry Is not charged with should America. uneconomic and unhygienic conditions committing a single specific illegal a.ct, but Now, there's a fiction, a fantasy, a simple represents a serious threat to infant nu has been hauled into court because only four mindedness growing in this land of ours that trition in many of these countries. companies sell most of the cereal in this somehow breaking up the nation's large cor In a statement released in late 1973 by country. The F.T.C. claims that's too con pol·ations will result in lower prices, that the United Nations' protein advisory centrated. Concentrated. That's another somehow this would be good for the consum group, pediatricians, and food industry term they use. They claim that our "con ~r. that fractionating corporate America, centration ratio" Is too high. compelling its leading corporations toward a executives agreed that- What's a concentration ratio? costly, wasteful, time-consuming and con Infants of more affluent socioeconomic It's a figure, a percentage, that shows what tentious breakup is going to benefit con groups in industrialized and developing fraction of an entire industry's production sumers. Nothing can be further from reality, countries, in the absence of breast feeding, and sales is attained by a limited number of or from the truth. suffer no nutritional disadvantage when fed companies. In other words, if 80 percent of It Is no wonder that divestiture supporters properly constituted and hygienically pre the business of an industry is done by four rarely make outright promises of lower prices. pared processed commercial formulas ... companies only, the four firm concentration They know if it happened at all, it would be The advisory group recognized: ratio for that industry Is 80 percent. They only temporary. However, the early abandonment of breast say ours Is 90 percent. That's very inter Believe me, it just isn't realistic to think esting because it shows that our industry is feeding by mothers among lower socioeco that the Government can fractionalize com nomic groups can be disastrous to infants, acting like most of the mature industries panies Uke the Big Three automakers into in America. According to the latest Bureau particularly when this occurs without ade 10 or 20 car makers. Apart from the prob quate financial resources to purchase suffi of the Census report, the four firm concen lem of producing a car that Is going to run tration ratio of industries from light bulbs cient formula and without knowledge of and at all, the cost of producing a car in small facilities to follow hygienic practices neces to baklng powder Is way up there. The manufacturing units would be astronomical. Window glass industry, for example, is 100 sary to feed infants adequately and safely Since the days of Henry Ford, we've learned with breast milk replacements. percent concentrated; household washers and that mass production lowers the price per dryers 83 percent; cheWing gum 84 per item. When production lags and overhead When breast feeding was widespread cent; baking powder 89 percent; automobiles stays the same, the price per item must rise among the poor, malnutrition usually did 93 percent; electrlc light bulbs 90 percent; to cover that overhead. Even today, with the television sets 95 percent; outboard motors not become severe until the second year cost of materials, labor and energy going up of a child's life. But the decline of breast 85 percent. And I can go on and on. Have year after year, we have quite a job trying to these other industries been charged with keep the price of a box of cereal in some rela feeding over the past two decades has anything? No. The F.T.C. first has to win tion to what's left in the average pay en caused the average age of children suf its test case--and that's against us, the velop. If the F.T.C. forces us to give up the fering from severe forms of malnutrition cereal industry. What happens if it wins? economies of big scale production, distribu to drop from 18 to 8 months in some parts If the F.T.C. can convince the courts of the tion and marketing, the price of all of those of the world. validity of its shared monopoly theory, it products has to go up. And that's certainly can declare over half of all the industries Even if the mother herself is malnour what would happen if they broke up the ished, breast feeding will probably pro in America-producing over two-thirds of cereal industry. our manufactured products-guilty and vide a child with adequate nourishment break all of them, and along with it the free I don't really believe that will happen. for the first 4 to 6 months of life. Bottle market system. American common £ense is too well devel feeding under the same conditions may What is also foreboding and ominous oped to allow the takeover of an industry by the Government under the name of "fos well result in providing the child with about this is that a regulatory agency of the overdiluted, contaminated formula in executive branch Is using the cereal case to tering free enterprise." But if we have to, pioneer antitrust legislation that Congress we'll fight all the way to the Supreme Court bacteria-laden bottles. hasn't even passed. The Government is at to keep that from happening to the cereal Mr. Speaker, because of my concern for tacklng concentration per se as they see it industry. With companies like Kellogg's Gen the poor of the world, I have cosponsored and a regulatory commission is attempting to eral Mills, General Foods, Quaker Oats, Rals this resolution calling for the President legislate an entirely new offense, this thing ton, Nabisco and Pet in a single industry, to conduct a study of the infant formula called a shared monopoly. There Is no stat there's got to be competition, and there is, problem through the appropriate Execu ute, no legal literature, not one adjudicated every single morning all over America. Don't let anyone force on you the notion that just tive branch channels, and calling on the case, based on such an otfense. In essence, Agency for International Development to there is no offense, but the F.T.C., with its because there are only a few companies in an enormous power and enormous budget and industry that they're not competitive. That promote breast feeding in its programs its enormous staff, is usurping the legisla is another myth that should be kicked out around the world. tive powers of Congress. It is preempting into the open. For the vulnerable infant and young Congress, preempting the laws of this land Today there's a general feeling that we've child, a reversal of the present trend and interpreting laws to suit un-Amerlcan got too much government. I think the time away from breast feeding could be of 28690 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS August 31, 1976 greater significance than any other form FEDERAL RESERVE DIRECTORS: A wrong conclusion is sug.gested: th'at the of early childhood nutrition program. STUDY OF CORPORATE AND presence of these executives on Federal Re For that reason, 1: am pleased to cospon BANKING INFLUENCE serve Bank Boards somehow works to the sor House Joint Resolution 1074, and disadvantage of the public at large. The fact, of course, is that the business directors have urge my colleagues to cosponsor and a vital interest in a sound and growing econ work for its adoption. HON. ALBERT W. JOHNSON omy, 'an interest shared by all business bor OF PENNSYLVANIA rowers and households. As for the three public directors, the Fed IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES eral Reserve Act directs that both the Tuesday, August 31, 1976 Chairman and Deputy Chairman of each BONNEVTI...LE TRICENTENNIAL head office Board be selected from aJnong Mr. JOHNSON of Pennsylvania. Mr. these public directors. This provision limits Speaker, in mid-August a report entitled the Board's ability to select candidates from HON. GEORGE HANSEN "Federal Reserve Directors: A Study of a. broad segment of the population since bOth Corporate and Banking Influence" was the Chairman and Deputy Chairman must OF IDAHO released by the Committee on Banking, have executive abilities. Legislation alrready IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Currency and Housing with publicity to passed by the House to increase the number Tuesday, August 31, 1976 highlight the report's questionable con of public directors from three to six would help the Board in selecting a more broadly Mr. HANSEN. Mr. Speaker, I proudly clusions. Although it is noted on the based category of directors at each head of submit for the CONGRESSIONAL RECORD cover in small print that "The report has fice. As you know, the Board favored this not been officially adopted by the com the following resolution brought to my provision of the House bill. In fact, the attention by Capt. Thomas J. Wadsworth mittee * * * and may not necessarily Boa.rd had suggested an even larger propor of Idaho Falls, Idaho. reflect the views of its members" that tionate representation by public directors. does not tell half the story. Not only had It is well to keep in mind that many of As executive director of the Bonneville our Bank directors are highly experienced County Bicentennial Commission, Cap the committee not adopted it, so far as I know nG member of the committee managers, and that they put their managerial tai,n Wadsworth and his fellow members knowledge and skills at the Federal Reserve have established the first Tricentennial with the possible exception of a couple of System's disposal. The benefits are reflected Commission in America. members of the majority even knew it in the sharp improvement of productivity was being prepared until it was publicly in conducting System operations. The meas Captain Wadsworth's enduring image released. as a patriot is again to be commended: urable output of the Federal Reserve Banks Furthermore, the committee staff, un has 'approximately doubled in the past eight ESTABLISHMENT OF THE BONNEVILLE like the General Accounting Office, did years with only a 40 per cent increase in TRICENTENNIAL COMMISSION not even afford the agency an opportu System personnel. In fact, the total number Whereas, the Bonneville Bicentennial Com nity to review a.nd comment. As you of individuals employed by the System will mission was formed May 1, 1973, by resolu be a little lower in 1976 than it was in 1974 tion of the Board of Bonneville County Com know most GAO reports are submitted despite a large increase in the volume of missioners and area mayors and the city to the agency involved before they issue Federal Reserve Bank oper'ations. A great deal country area was named the first Bicenten their reports and agency comments or of credit for this must be given to the man nial Community in Northwest America disagreements are usually included in agement advice provided by our directors. (Alaska, Washington, Oregon, Idaho, Mon the GAO report to give readers a bal In conclusion, let me repeat a statement tana), and anced outlook on the issues. that I made before your Committee on Whereas, the Commission h as been among As the Federal Reserve was not ac April 9 reg.arding the question of control: the most active in America in promoting love corded this courtesy, Chairman Burns "The control of the Federal Reserve resides of Country and the fact that the United firmly with the Boa.rd of Governors. The Fed States is not Just territory, that it is a way of took it upon himself to write Chairman eral Reserve Act empowers the Board to exer life and a state of mind, inculcated with those REuss expressing the Board's reactions cise supervision over the Federal Reserve unalienable and divine rights of life, liberty, to the report. As I believe the public de Banks and to suspend or ren1ove any officer and the pursuit of happiness, and serves the opportunity to share these or director of a Reserve Bank. The Board Whereas, the Commissi arthritis centers under section 439(!) of the consistent with section 14 of the Federal 9. Requires Federal entities administering Act to permit support of a center for a period Advisory Committee Act. health programs and activities related to of not to exceed three years which can be 18. Authorizes appropriations of $100,000 digestive diseases to assist the Commission extended for additional three-year periods for FY 1978 and such sums as may be nec in making its study. evaluation and iden by the Director of the National Institute essary for each of the next two fiscal years tification. of Arthritis, Metabolism and Digestive Dis for the Board. 10. Specifies in detail the elements which the long-range plan respecting digestive eases after review of the operations of a cen 'riTLE II-DIABETES ter by an appropriate scientific review giiOUp. diseases, must encompass. 1. Directs the Secretary, within 90 days 11. Requires the Commission to recom 8. Extends the authorizations of appro after the date of enactment to establish a priations "for arthritis centers for three years mend the estimated expenditures necessary 19-member, ongoing National Diabetes Ad for each of the Institutes within the Na at levels of $18.7 million for FY 1978, $19 visory Board. million for FY 1979, and $20 million for FY tional Institutes of Health to carry out its 2. Requires tbat the Board be composed of activities related to digestive diseases. 1980. the following ex-officio members or their des 9. Adds a new section 440 to the Act which 12. Require the Commission to publish ignees: and transmit directly to Congress a final requires the Secretary of Health, Education (a) the Assistant Secretary for Health, and Welfare to establish a 22-member, on report within 18 months after its first meet (b) the Director of the National Institutes ing and requires the report to contain: going "National Arthritis Advisory Board" of Health, within 90 days after enactment. (a) the long-range plan respecting diges (c) the Director of the National Institutes tive diseases; 10. Directs that the Board's "appointed" of Arthritis, Metabolism and Digestive dis membership be composed of the following: (b) the expenditure estimates for diges eases, tive diseases activittes by each o.f the Insti (a) Eight individuals who are scientists, (d) the Director of the Center for Disease physicians and other health professionals o"f tutes within the National Institutes of Control, Health and Which 3 shall be clinical rheumatologists, 2 (e) the Administrator of the Health Serv- shall be orthopedic surgeons, 2 shall be (c) any recommendations of the Com ices Administration, mission for legislation. rheumatology investigators, and 1 shall be (f) the Administrator of the Health Re an allied health professional; 13. Provides that the Commission will sources Administration and cease to exist on the 30th day following the (b) Six individuals with an interest in (g) the Associate Director for Diabetes of date of submission of its final report to arthritis who as a group have knowledge and the National Institute of Arthrltis, Metabo- experience in the fields of medical education, Congress. 11sm and Digestive Diseases. 14. Includes other customary provisions nursing, community program development, 3. Permits ex-officio members of the Board health education, data systems and public for the admin.istration of the Commission to vote on m.atters before the Board meetings and for the compensation and expenses of information, but prohibits designees of such members (c) one individual who is also a member the Commission members while in the per from. voting on Board matters. formance of their duties and services as of the National Arthritis, Metabolism and 4. Requires that the Board be composed Digestive Diseases Advisory Council and who Commission members. of the following members appointed by the 15. Authorizes appropriations of $1,500,- is an expert in arthritis, and Secretary~ {d) four public members of which at least 000 for the purposes of carrying out the ac (a) seven individuals who are health and tivities of the Commission. two shall be persons who have arthritis and allied health professionals or scientists one shall be the parent of a child who has 16. Provides .for a new section 440A of representing the various specialties and dis the Act which requires the Secretary to arthritis. ciplines involved with diabetes mellitus and 11. Directs that the Board's ex-officio related endocrine and metabolic diseases, and establish a Coordinating Committee for Di "nonvoting" membership be composed of (b) five members from the general public gestive Diseases to be composed of the fol the following persons, or their designees- of which at least one shall be a person with lowing members or thelr designated repre ( a) the Assistant Secretary of Health; diabetes and two shall be persons who are sentatives: (a) the Directors of each of the Institutes (b) the Director of the National Institutes each a parent o.f a diabetic child. of Health, and, 5. RequireS the Secretary to provide the of the National Institutes of Health involved (c) the Associate Director of Arthritis of Board with an eKecutive director, assistant in digestive disease research. NIAMDD. director and with such administrative sup TITLE III-DIGESTIVE DISEASES 12. Requires the Board to review and port services and facilities, additional profes 1. Directs the Secretary, within 60 days evaluate the implementation of the Arthritis sional and clerical staff, information, and the after enactment, to establish a 23-member Plan formulated pursuant to the National services of such consultants as the Secretary National Commission on Digesttve Diseases. Arthritis Act of 1974 and to advise and make determines is necessary for the Board to carry 2. Directs that the Commission's ap recommendations to the Secretary with re out its functions. pointed membership be composed of the spect to such plan and the guidelines, poli 6. Requires the Secretary to consult with following: cies, and procedures of Federal programs and consider the recommendations of the (a) ten individuals who are scientists, relating to arthrltis. Board with respect to staff, contracts, and physicians, and other health professionals 13. Requires the Board to hold regular other arrangements for the Board. of which two shall be gastroenterologists, one quarterly meetings. 7. Requires the Board to review, evaluate sha.ll be a surgeon, one shall be an expert in 14. Requires the Board to submit to the and advise with respect to the ''Diabetes liver disease, one shall be an epidemiologist, Secretary and the Congress (one year after Plan" formulated by the National Commis one shall be an allied health professional and its establishment and each year thereafter) sion on Diabetes under the National Diabetes two shall be basic biomedical scientists, a report which Mellitus Research and Education Act and to (b) four members from the general public (a) describes its activities for the year for recommend additional measures and legisla of whom at least two shall have personal or which the report is m..ade, tive proposals it finds necessary for the suc close family experience with digestive (b) summarizes expenditures made by the cessful implementation of the long-range diseases, and Federal government for arthritis for such plan to combat diabetes and the most effec (c) one member o.f the National Insti year, tive utilization and organization of national tute of Arthritis, Metabolism and Digestive (c) describes and evaluates the progress diabetes resources. Diseases Advisory Council whose primary in· made in such year in arthritis research, treat 8. Requires the Commission to: terest is in the field of digestive diseases. ment. education, and training and (a) conduct a comprehensive study of the 3. Designates as ex-officio members of the (d) which contains any recommendations present state of knowledge of the incidence, Commission the following or their designees: by the Board for changes in the Arthritis duration, morbidity, and social and economic Plan. impact of digestive diseases, (a) the Director of the National Institutes 15. Requires the Secretary to provide the (b) evaluate public and private facilities of Health, Board with such administrative support serv and resources for the diagnosis, prevention, (b) the Director of the National Institute ices and facilities, professional and clerical and treatment of, and research in, such of Arthritis, Metabolism and Digestive Dis staff, information and the services of such diseases, eases, consultants as the Secretary determines to (c) identify programs in which, ·and the (c) the Directors of the National Institute be necessary for the Board in carrying out means by which, improvement in the man of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, the Na its duties. agement of digestive diseases can be accom tional Cancer Institute and the National 16. Includes the customary provisions for plished, and Institute of General Medical Sciences, the administration of the Board and for the (d) develop and recommend a long-range (d) the Associate Director for Digestive compensation and expenses of Board mem plan for the use and organization of national Diseases and Nutrition of the N&tiona.l Insti bers while in the performance of their duties resources to effectively deal with digestive tute of Arthritis, Metabolism and Digestive and services as Board members. diseases based upon the study, evaluation, Diseases, 17. Waives the two-year limit upon the and identification made pursuant to {a,, (b) (e) the Director of the Center for Disease duration of the existence of the Board to be and (c). Control, and 28702 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS August 31, 1976 (f) the Chief Medical Officer of the Vet the National Institute of Arthritis, Metabo able purse-fattening of the remaining four. erans' Administration. lism and Digestive Diseases and that the In short, the real beneficiary of this par 4. Requires the Commission to meet at Associate Director for Digestive Diseases and ticular bit of federal legislation is Big Busi least three times and at the call of its chair Nutrition shall serve as vice-chairman. ness-which means the Big Four handgun person who must be an appointed member 18. Requires the Coordinating Committee manufacturers-colt, Smith & Wesson, of the Commission and who is selected by to meet at the call of the Chairman and Sturm-Ruger, and High Standard. the members of the Commission. not less than three times a year. Colt Firearms, which accounts for but five 5. Authorizes the Commission to hold hear 19. Requires the Coordinating Committee percent of Colt Industries' revenues, is a 71- ings, take testimony, and sit and act at such to be responsible for the coordination of the million-dollar-a-year business. Colt's firearms time and places as it deems advisable. activities of the entities represented on the production is divided 50-50 between military 6. Authorizes the Commission to appoint Committee respecting digestive diseases. and non-military markets_ And its non-mili and fix the _pay of an executive secretary, 20. Requires the Coordinating Committee tary market is further subdivided into tha consistent with Federal laws and regulations to submit to the Secretary an annual report sporting market and police markets_ Just how governing such competitive appointments detailing its activities. Colt's non-military business breaks down and public employee compensation. between the two is not possible to determine. 7. Requires the Secretary to provide the But it's an accepted rule of thumb that most Commission with such additional profes law enforcement agencies in this country sional and clerical staff, such inform.ation, GUN CONTROL: GOVERNMENT IN issue either Colt or Smith & Wesson side and the services of such consultants a.s the TERFERENCE IN THE MARKET arms. Secretary determines to be necessary for the PLACE Smith & Wesson, like Colt, is no slouch Commission to carry out its functions effec when it comes to making bucks. A subsidiary tively. of the Bangor-Punta conglomerate, Smith & 8. Authorizes the Board to collect data and HON. RON PAUL Wesson does 66 million dollars' worth of bust conduct or sponsor conferences, workshops OF TEXAS ness annually. It claims 25 percent of its and related activities and to establish work IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES handguns are shipped overseas, while 48 of ing CQlllllllttees composed of Board members the nation's 50 state police departments pack and non-member consultants as it deems ad Tuesday, August 31, 1976 Smith & Wesson revolvers. visable and necessary to carry out its func Sturm-Ruger, owned largely by the Ruger tions. Mr. PAUL. Mr. President, recently the family, is a 34-million-dollar business that 9. Requires the Board to hold regular quar Washington newspaper, Newsworks, fea also sells handguns and carbines to the mii terly meetings and to submit to the President tured an article on gun control that is tary and police both here and abroad. and to the Congress an annual report which: unusual in its approach. Beginning with (On High Standard, the fourth big gun (a) describes the Board activities for the the premise that gun control is in fact maker, information was not available-) prior year, an interference by the Government in Among themselves the Big Four control be (b) describes and evaluates the progress the free market, the article asks the ques tween 55 and 70 percent of the domestic non made during such year in diabetes research, police, non-military handgun market. treatment, and education with reference to tion, "Who stands to benefit from such Since the Gun Control Act of 1968, the the long-range diabetes plan, an interference"? And the answer, un trend in anti-gun legislation has been toward (c) describes the Board's proposed activi surprisingly enough, comes back clearly: the gradual elimination of privately owned ties for the next year, the big gun manufacturers. Just as the guns. And despite protestations of the gun (d) includes an analysis of current expend 1968 gun control law reduced competi lobby to the contrary, the next step on both itures and suggests recommended expendi tion for the gun manufacturers by out the local and federal levels will be an out tures for the forthcoming fiscal year for dia lawing the mail order sale of guns, so right ban and confiscation of handguns. (Al betes related activities of the Federal gov the current gun control proposals would ready the staff of the House Subcommittee on ernment, and Crime has devised a two-year income-tax (e) discusses recommended changes in the further eliminate the competition for break plan for reimbursing the public for its long-range plan to combat diabetes mellitus the major gun manufacturers by outlaw firearms confiscated under future legislation. necessitated by developments in the field. ing the so-called "Saturday Night Spe It is estimated that the payback scheme, in 10. Waives the two-year limit upon the cials," that is, the inexpensive handguns cidentally, would cost Uncle Sam some two duration of the existence of the Board to that the poor people can afford. As gun and-a-half to three billion dollars. be consistent with section 14 of the Federal control laws become more restrictive, the The effect of this incremental elimination Advisory Committee Act. on the firearms industry is simple: the ma 11. Authorizes to be appropriated $500,- price of both legal and illegal guns in jors would be in, the indepedents out. 000 for FY 1978 and such sums as may be creases, and the ones who will benefit Under its present form-that is, free from necessary for each of the next two fiscal from that are the manufacturers of guns the highly controversial Russo Amendment, years for the Board to carry out its func and the blackmarketeers who defy the which would have banned as "Saturday Night tions and activities. law and sell them. Specials" some 75 percent of all handguns 12. Includes other customary provisions The article follows: (including Dirty Harry's gargantuan 14-inch & for the administration of the Board and FOLLOW THE MONEY: THE REAL BIG GUNS .44 magnum Smith Wesson hand cannon) for the compensation and expenses of Board BEHIND GUN CONTROL the Federal Firearms Act of 1976 (H.R. 11193) members while in the performance of their now before the House is perfectly acceptable duties and services as Board members. (By John Aquilino) to the major handgun manufacturers. Their 13. Extends the authorizations of appro The Great American Gun Control Debate few handguns affected would need only dif priations for diabetes research and training is perhaps the first issue since Vietnam to ferent barrels or slight retooling_ And the centers, under section 435 of the Act, for polarize the nation into two hostile camps, revised Saturday Night Special proviso three fiscal years and authorizes $12 million with each claiming a lock on God, country "would not have any effect on us because we for fiscal year 1978, $20 million for FY 1979, and right reason. don't make that type of gun," said Colt's and $20 million for FY 1980 for this purpose. On one side are the pro-gunners, who see Public Relations Vice President, John (a) the head of the Alcohol, Drug Abuse the movement afoot to disarm America as a Campbell. It likewise will have little effect and Mental Health Administration, fundamental threat to the Constitution and on Smith & Wesson, Sturm-Ruger, or High (b) the head of the National Institute of the Rights of Man. They are portrayed in the Standard. But H.R. 11193's effect on the rest Occupational Safety and Health, anti-gun press as beer-swilling, potbellied of the industry would be devastating. Most (c) the Commissioner of the Food and Bambi-killers with little more brain matter small manufacturers would lose from 50 to Drug Administration, than a slightly rotted potato. 100 percent of their product line. (d) the head of the Veterans' Adminis On the other side are the anti-gunners, In short, "we'd be out of business," said tration, who number among their ranks the Eastern James Bowers of Bowers Firearms. So, too, (e) the head of the Center for Disease liberal press, OBS, nearly every bearer of a would be Dan Wesson, Sterling Arms, Charter Control, Harvard law degree, Cleveland Amory, Mary Arms, and so on down the line. (f) the head of the Department of Tyler Moore, and Robert Redford. Both sides agree that the nation must rid Since they've nothing to lose and every Defense, thing to gain, it stands to reason the Big (g) the head of the Department of itself of crime. But neither agrees on how that is to be done. Meanwhile, certain mem Four would push for ••acceptable" Saturday Agriculture, bers of Congress are offering National Hand Night Special laws. And push they have. (h) the head of the Health Services During the final days of eight months of Administration, gun Control legislation as an instant anti dote. hearings on gun control held by the House (1) the head of the Health Resources Subcommittee on Crime, Ronald Gainer, act Administration, But is it? In f-act, just what effect will na- tional handgun legislation have? ing director of the Department of Justice's (j) the head of the Social Security Ad Office of Planning and Policy, had an inter ministration, and A close examination of the Federal Fire arms Act of 1976, now pending before the esting exchange with the chairman, John (k) the head of the National Research Conyers, Jr. (D-Mich.). Council of the National Institute of House Subcommittee on Crime, shows that Conyers aaked Gainer if the "reputable" Medicine. one measurable impact it and similar bills 17. Provides that the Coordinating Com will have is the elimination of some 30 or gun manufacturers-Colt, Smith & Wesson, mittee shall be chaired by the Director of 34 firearma manufacturers--and a consider- s-turm-Ruger and High Standard-were "in August 31, .J.976 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 28703 on" formulation o! the legislation (HR 9022) honest an approach. They had tried claim around merrily filling orders for the military, then under discussion. Gainer said he had ing the gun-control legislation was needed police, and foreign export markets they now met with representatives of these companies. !or national defense; this was an excuse so monopolize. He said the discussions were at the com lame that even the gun industry's main man What's most interesting about the (inten panies' request and that they had "indi in Congress, then-Senator Tom Dodd of Con tionally or accidentally) federally orches cated a great willingness to assist the De necticut, couldn't peddle it with a straight trated consolidation of the Ameriacn hand partment of the Treasury in attempting to face. gun industry is that the small manufactur define what is meant by that colloquialism Then, in 1963, as Robert Sherrill points out ers recognize what's happening, yet refuse to (Saturday Night Special)." in his book Saturday Night Special, New believe it. Another interesting bit of voluntary co England's gunmakers and Congress discov Said James Bowers, President of Bowers operation between the major manufacturers ered crime-but not, curiously enough, "until Firearms, "Perhaps I'm just overly naive. I and federal folk had occurred six months they needed it." don't think they {the federal government earlier. The year 1963 was the year crime was first and the major manufacturers) would do In April 1975, Conyers' House Subcom linked with efforts to gain more restrictive that. I would hate to think that way." NW mittee on Crime sent letters of inquiry to federal gun legislation. Such legislation was the country's 34 federally licensed handgun to be "restrictive" only in the sense of pre manufacturers. The letter asked 21 ques serving the American market in both long tions on production details the Subcommit guns and handguns for American manufac LIMITING SST POLLUTION tee felt would be helpful in "its evaluation turers. EMISSIONS of existing law." Crime, coupled with the rash of political On the surface, such action appears inno assassinations that seemed to be the national cent enough. After all, in 1972 the Subcom pastime from 1963 to 1968, proved just the HON. JAMES H. SCHEUER mittee then chaired by Emanuel Celler had ticket the gun industry needed. Within weeks OF NEW YORK sent virtually the same letter. This time, of the assassinations of RFK and Martin IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES however, certain embellishments in it raised Luther King, Jr., the Gun Control Act of 1968 the hackles of the majority of independent was rushed -into law and the American fire Tuesday, August 31, 1976 manufacturers even more. First, the infor arms industry sat fat, happy, and protected Mr. SCHEUER. Mr. Speaker, on Au mation sought WM highly confidential (as against bothersome competition. A year later, Winchester-Western Vice gust 16, 1976, Environmental Protection it was in 1972); any leaks to competitors Agency. EPA, Administrator Russell E. "would play hell with my business" as one President W. E. Talley was quoted as saying, independent firm's spokesman put it. And "Elimination of mail-order sales as we know Train promulgated standards for the according to Timothy Hart of Conyers' them and the restriction that ammunition emission of air pollutants from super Subcommittee, the Bureau of Alcohol, To and firearms must be sold only by licensed sonic, SST, aircraft. In a press release bacco and Firearms (ATF) agreed with the dealers increases the dealers' share of the issued on that date EPA stated: manufacturers. The Subcommittee had orig market considerably. The new emission levels will still be about inally sought the information from ATF "In addition to this, the drying up of the military-surplus market will permit the four times higher than comparable subsonic but was told such data, supplied to ATF engines meeting EPA standards in 1980. on a voluntary basis by the manufacturers, local dealer to capture this market with new constituted "industrial intelligence" and merchandise at better profit levels." Such emission levels are unacceptable, therefore could not be released. The e1Ject of gun control on the American especially to those who live in and Hart and the Subcommittee claimed quite handgun industry might be tolerated if, and around airports which will be servicing the opposite. But the Subcommittee "de only if, such legislation actually proved effective in stemming the tide of crime. But SST's. cided to go to the manufacturers rather than Accordingly, I have redrafted my fight" ATF over the matter. Hart said the two recent studies involving England's half Subcommittee could have obtained the ATF century without guns, Switzerland's national amendment to section 206 which I pre statistics but that it would have meant go fascination with guns, and America's decade viously published in the RECORD. My new ing to Conyers for a "signed opinion"-a of experimenting with its version of gun amendment while substantially the same formality Hart characterized as "nonsense." control, as a pauacea to the nation's crime as the old one would require the reprci After 23 companies balked at detalli.ng problem, is indeed a cruel hoax conjured by mulgation of SST emission standards specifics of their businesses, they received the gun industry, evangelized by unscrupu lous or just plain dumb politicians, and per based on certain criteria. The test of the two follow-up letters-one from Conyers' amendment follows: Subcommittee and one from the Sporting petrated by a careless press. The studies, one Arms and Ammunition Manufacturers Insti by the University of Wisconsin and one by AMENDMENT TO H.R. 10498, As REPORTED tute (SAAMI). The Conyers letter informed Cambridge University, concluded that peace OFFERED BY MR. ScHEUER the reluctant manufacturers that their ful societies do not need anti-handgun legis Page 278, strike out line 6 and all th~t fol names had been forwarded to federal investi lation, and violent societies (like the US) do lows down through line 13 and insert in lieu gators to determine if they were in violation not benefit from gun control at all. The Wis thereof the following: of the 1968 Gun Control Act. The SAAMI consin study went on to say, "Gun control "{4) In the case of nonmilitary supersonic letter contained a copy of Conyers' first letter laws have no individual or collective effect in aircraft or nonmilitary supersonic aircraft (in case the manufacturers' copy had been reducing the rate of violent crime." engines manufactured before January 1, 1979, lost in the mail) and urged full cooperation Likewise the contention that, since most regulations under this section shall contain with the Conyers Subcommittee. It closed murders are spontaneous passion slayings of emission standards which reflect the degree with the statement, "For SAAMI, and its friends or loved ones, ridding private citizens of emission limitation achievable through the member-companies that have already sub of handguns would reduce the murder rate application of the best system of emission re mitted the information asked of them, I can falls fiat, upon close scrutiny. A "gun murder duction which the Administrator determines only add that it seems a matter of prudence profile" puzzled together by the Senate Sub to be available upon the effective date of and good judgment serving the broadest in committee on Juvenile Delinquency from 125 such standards. In the case of any such terests of an (sic) industry to cooperate.... " biographies of DC murder defendants sheds aircraft or engine manufactured on or after What's more interesting about the SAAMI a little more light on the matter. Granted January 1, 1979, such regulations shall con letter is that SAAMI is the trade association that 81 percent of the victims were "wives or tain emission standards which require a level of the major firearms manufacturers in the relatives or friends", and that of that num of emission reduction for each air pollutant nation: members include Colt, Sturm, Ruger, ber, 88 percent were killed during a lovers' which is no less stringent than the level per and High Standard as well as the big long quarrel or drunken brawl. But in nearly all mitted under the least stringent standard gun makers such as Remington, Winchester, cases, the murderer "had been piling up a for such pollutant applicable to any class or and Savage. criminal record for ten years," incluptng pre category of subsonic aircraft or aircraft en Of course, no one would dare suggest that vious arrests for serious crimes and crimes of gines. Any regulations under this section ap such reputable firms might have ulterior violence-hardly your average law-abiding plicable to nonmilitary supersonic aircraft or motives behind their eagerness to aid the citizen. Further, the study poinns out the nonmilitary supersonic aircraft engines federallawsmiths. findings in DC w~re consistent with similar which were promulgated before the date of No one, that is, who is unfamiliar with the statistics for 120 other US cities. enactment of this paragraph shall be revised evolution of the Gun Control Act of 1968. Still, regardless of whether HR 11193 passes (after fulfillment of the procedural require Prior to 1963 and the assassination of John the next session of Congress, the Big Four ments contained in paragraph {3)) 1n accord Kennedy, the American firearms industry, handgun manufacturers will survive handily. ance with the requirements of this paragraph. including both long gun and handgun manu If the 1968 act remains the law of the land, Such revised regulations shall take effect not facturers, tried no less than twelve times to they will maintain their command over the later than the date 6 months after the date of freeze out military-surplus importers, mail "civilian" market. If HR 11193 becomes law, enactment of this paragraph. . order distributors, and foreign manufacturers they will fall heir to the entire civilian mar Page 278, after line 13, insert: whose guns were cheaper (in price, not in ket. And if, as is being predicted, in ten years (c) Section 232 of such Act is amended quality). They had already tried claiming private ownership ot handguns is outlawed, by adding the following new subsections at economic hardship; this was doomed as too at least three of the Big Four will still be the end thereof: 28704 L"'CTENSIO S OF REMARKS Aug:ust 31, 1976 "(c) No certlfi.cate referred to 1n this sec tional championship is Steve Sheppar.d~ that we sto.P trying to .rehabilitate criminals,'' tion may be issued to any nonmilitary su next goal, and all who know or have seen he explain.&. ".I'm only saying that if these personic aircraft or aircraft engine manu Steve on the court, realize his goal may pro~ can fail for Jifteen billion dollars, factm·ed on or after January 1, 1979, unless Wh.Y can't they hil for iourteen billion dol the Administrator determines that such air be achieved this year. lru:s, so we can a.lloca.ie the di:fference to pro crm:t or engine complies with applicable emis Steve's family, friends, and teammates grams tha.t .aid victims." sion standards without an lnc1·ease in the at Maryland are all proud of his accom A bill (H.R. 13158) that would supply !ed noise level above the noise level which such plishments. His community helped ex er.al gran$ to sta.tes with victim compensa aircraft or engine would exhibit but for the press their sentiments when a Commu tion boards is currently before Congres . I t application of such standards. nity Committee to Honor steve Shep would provide $40 million to such states in "(d) Nothing in this title shall be con pard, led by Dorothy Stovall and Sarah 1977, $50 million in una and 60 million in strued to a.:ffect or impair any right, privilege, the third year, 197.9, after which the pro or authority respecting air pollution which Townsend, held "A Salute to steve Shep grams would be reviewed. If your state does may be exercised under State or local law pard Day" on August 21. I am proud to not have a. Orime Victims' Compensation by the owner or operator of any a.irpo1·t or join with Steve's many fl:iends and fans .Board, you can write your state representa airport facility." in congratulating him for an outstanding tives to ask ior one. Xo support H.R. 13158, (d) Upon the date 18 months after the date achievement and extend to him, my best write your cong~:essinna.l representa..tiv . of enactment of this Act, the Secretary of Transportation may not permit any nonmili wishe for continued success in the fu ~ tary supersonic aircraft to land in the United ture. States unless such aircraft has been certified by the Secretary to be in compliance with the VF"iN '17TH NATIONAL CONVENTION emission standards promulgated as required COMP~~SATING VIC'I"'MS OF in section 231(a) (4) of the Clean Air Act. CRIME HON. LESTE L. WOUF.F OF NEW YORK HON. WILUAM L. HUNGATE IN T.RE HOUSE OF REPP..ESENTATIVES TRmUTE TO STEVE SHEPPARD OF MISSOURI Tuesday, August 31, 1976 OLYMPIC CHAMPION IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Mr. WOLFF. Mr. SPeaker, on August TueBillLY~ August 31, 1976 16, Lhad the honor and pleasure to at BON. MARIO BIAGGI Mr. HUNGAT.E. Mr. Speaker, as we tend the 77th National Convention of OF NEW YORK consider the problems of crime and its the Veterans of Foreign Wars at the IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES victims, the following article from Mc New York Hilton in New York City. On Tuesday, August 31, 1976 Call's September 1976, may prove help that occasion, 12,000 delegates registered ful: and 40,000 people attended-truly a re Mr. BIAGGI. Mr. Speaker, it is with COMPENSATING VICTIMS OF CRIME markable showing. great pride that I pa.y tribute to an out (By Ann O'Shea) The Veterans of Foreign Wars have standing young man from the Bronx, Thousands of people are injured or killed been highly effective in gaining and pro Steve Sheppard, who was a member of every day in violent crimes in this country, tecting the rights and welfare of this the gold medal winning U.S. basketball according to FBI estimates. Some are the ac country's -veterans. In addition, the team, which competed in the summer tual victims of robberies, assaults, rapes and VFW has always been extremely active Olympic games. homicides; some are bystanders or Good Sa in community affairs, enhancing the Certainly, the performances turned in maritans attempting to stop a. crime 'in prog ress. Not only must these innocent people quality of life in thousands of towns and by our basketball team had to be con and their families endure the trauma of the cities spread across the entire Nation. sidei·ed the highlight of an overall suc crime, but they often end up paying for an Through their dedication and patriotism, cessful Olympics for the American ath or part of the medica.l-<>r funeral-expenses these veterans have made significant letes. The American basketball team, un incurred as a result of the crime. contributions to the United States in the der the able tutelage of Dean Smith from In an attempt to ease this financial burden, difficult and trying times of peace a the University of North Carolina, knew 16 states (Alaska., Ca.llfornt~. Delaware, well as war, and thelr annual convention they were a talented squad, but also knew Flortda, Ha.wa.H, illinois, LoUisiana, Maryland, Massa.chl:lHetts, Minnesota, Nevada, New Jer 1s certainly a proud occasion, indeed. they would have to play together as a sey, New York, North Dakota., Virginia and As many of ~ colleagues are aware, team if they were to get by their tough Washington) have Crime Victims' Compensa the .PUJJ.Pose of this annual convention is opponents. This they did, and were able tion Boards. These are supposed to reimburse to guide the organization for the com to beat Italy, Czechoslovakia, Puerto victims--or their dependents-for an,:y ex :ing year. 'tbraugh mandates which are Rico, and ultimately a strong Yugoslav -pense or lost income that is uncollectable -resolutions adopted by the delegates. ian team to capture the gold medal. from any other source and is a. direct result The VFW also elects its national o:ffi of the crime. However, most of the-se state at Steve Sheppard's contribution to the programs are woefully underfunded and un cers, and the 77th Convention, R. D. team was two-fold in nature. 'In addition dersta:ffed. There -is just not enough money in "Bulldog" Smith of Atlanta, Ga., was to his fine playing, his enthus!.a.sm while the state treasuries to pay all the victims who voted to be Commander-in-Chief for on the bench also helped the -team Jm qua.lify or to staff the compensation offices 1976-"17~ measurably. This contl'ibution should not adequately. 'The New Jersey Compensation Former Secreta~ of Defense Dr. be overlooked for while many of the Board, !or ex!mlple, averaged about 43 cla.iDls James R. Schlesinger was presented with players on the Olympic basketball team a month until an advertisin_g campaign to the Dwight David Eisenhower Award at make people aware of the board more than the Distinguished Guests Banquet, are accustomed to being starters on their douoled that figure. Now the Newark .office own teams, the wealth of talent can lllone receives about 120 claims each month, -where he delivered the following speech. sometimes relegate an outstanding play 40 of whiCh the small sta:ff is a.Dle to process. His remarks concern the defense posture er to the role of a substitute. '1lle mark The rest join the growing backlog. of this country and the need to build of a champion is one who accepts this "It's clear that the federal government has mutuai security and to emphasize the role, plays to his best capabilities when got to assist the states in caring for the -vic distinctive American values and iree he doe-s play, and provides support to his tims of crime,'' says Car1 Jahnke, Oo-Cha.11' .doms which represent the foundation of ma.n of the "International Association of 011r strength. I insert this address in the fellow players when not playing. This Crime Victim Compensation Boards. "All of was Steve Sheppard. our [federa.1) ori:mJnal-justice programs are 'RECORD and commend it to the attention For Steve, being on an Olympic gold o:ffender-oriented, and the funds for these of my colleagues: medal team while still a junior in col programs come from the pockets o1 taxp~y AnDRESS BY ..JAMES R. ScHLESINGER BEFORE THE lege must have been a thrill. He now looks ers-am.ong them -the victbns themselves who 77TH NATIONAL CONVENXXON OF THE VE·r forward to completing an outstanding should be entitled 1oo s likelihood, .if not the inevitability, o! major signs of the restoration of the national spirit, "With this patriotism-patriotism 1n its armed con1lict. So, given their peculiar party o! the resiliency of this nation. All of this is large and wholesome meaning-America can doctrines, one can understand that there is true ana is re:flected in the national mood. m.astei its power .and turn 1t to the ·noble genuine concern. But I fear there continues to be one de cause of peace. We can .maintain military The American view 1s entirely dilferent. ficiency, one missing element, and it is re power without militarism; political power Criticism of the Soviet interpretation of lated to what the Soviets call the ideological without opp.ression; and moral power without armed conflict-irrespective of th& twists and struggle. We need more than an absence of compulsion or complacency." turns of Communist Party logic. We, of internal tension: we need an affirmative .In facing the cha.llen.ge of our Third Cen course, are prepared to accept "peaceful co vision. The lack reflects an i.n.SU:ffi.cient tury, with a11 the .responsibilities .that Amer existence," if tbat is aJl that can be attained. awareness of the distinctiveness of our na ica must bear, we shall need that cohesive But we must be under no illusion; we must tion, of the positive values that give mean force to sustain American strength. We shall accept this framewoik with a full under ing to our national life. Our long-term need a .restrAint on partisanship and a re s tanding of Soviet attitudes and Soviet strength is intimately bound up witn the stored consensus. We shall need a full appre tactics. And we should understand that the appreciation of our distinctive -values--tbe ciation of those distinctive values that define Soviet interpretation of "peacefUl coexist stress on indiviuual freedom, on civil and us .as a nation. Through the efforts of the ence" is almost identical to what we formerly religious h"berty, and on the pursuit of truth. Veterans of"Foreign Wars and the m-any free caned the "cold war." It implies a continUing They must not be blurred. They remain the assooiations across this land, J: .a;:m sure we struggle between the two social orders; it ultimate source of ouT nEnional strength. will achieve .these great ends. implies a rejection of the status quo; it im Some three hundred years ago, John Milton Again, thank you for this honor. Good plies support by the Soviets of wars of na wrote in his "ATeopagitica" : n ight. God bless you all. tional liberation; and _it implies the legit! "Give me liberty to know, to utter, and macy o! Soviet attempts to undermine or to argue f1·eely according to conscience, subvert Western-oriented governments. above all liberty.'' The Soviets have b~n remarkably candid In that statement Milton framed the ulti about these attitudes. It is only we in the mate belief of our Western Civilization. It IN SUPPORT FOR A CHANGE IN West who have been inClined to delude our is this belief that distinguishes our nation AFRICA selves by our hopes rather than the realities. and other free states from the totalitarian While we in the West have tded to .achieve states. It is these belief£ that we must eber tbrough detente the Iela.xation of tension, lsh and strengthen. For it is these beliefs HON. AND EW YO the Soviets have persistently stated that that inspire us-and inform all of u.s why DF GEORGXA detente requires an intensification o! the our nation and our civilization are worth J:N THE ..HOUSE OF REPaESENU'A!DIVES ideological confiict. J:ntensification of the protecting. ideolg1ca.l .struggle does not sound much like Th-ese are beliefs that General Eisenhower Tuesilay, August 31~ 1976 the relaxation of tension. represented in his life and in b.i.s career. But Mr. YOUNG of Georgia. Mr. Speaker, We have been ill prepared to cope with since I have mentioned General Eisenhower, I have often cited in the past few 'Years the ideological confiict, barely recognizing its it seems appropriate also to mention his ·Ute desperate need for substantive emtence. The consequence has been some two-time opponent for the Presidency, Adlai thing like a unilateral suspension of the Stevenson. change in South Aflica. I have .:argued ideological conflict. The Soviets ar_e prepared For Stevenson also exemplified these be 1;hat a nonviolent, peaceful approach to use rough tactics to expand their intlu liefs-and articulated them with great elo would be the best way to haSten such ence; we throw up our hands in consterna quence. Moreover, the associat ion of Dwight change on the part of the minority white tion. When taxed with our dis~U)pointment Eisenhower and Adlai Stevenson tells us Govetnment of SD.uth Africa. in their behavior, the Soviets quite bluntly something m01·e about the American Repub Well, Mr. Speaker, the scboolcbfldren point out that it is our "View of detente as lic. They represent the quest for nmwaT ti.sanship in our external affairs--our at of Soweto maTched peacefully to show "live and let live" which is in error. It would their opposition to current educational be better, they sugge~. to drop our term tempt, insofar as possible, to have TABLE 1.-PER CAPITA l'ETROLEUM CONSUMPTION: STATE RATIOS AND RAN KINGS State ratios Rankings State ratios Rarikings FEA region/States Distillate Residual Motor gas Distillate Residual Gas FEA region/States Distillate Resi dual Motor gas Distillate Residual Gas Region !-Boston: ConnecticuL ______MinnesotaOhio ______------______1.226 .331 1. 078 19 35 2.5 1.403 2. 731 0. 892 1.3 4 43 .749 .171 Maine ______------Wisconsin ______.969 41 <41 40 2.152 3. 221 1. 031 3 2 33 ~114 .086 .975 23 47 38 Massachusetts______1. 989 2. SilO .822 6 5 48 Region VI- Dallas: New Hampshire ______1.809 1. 308 1..004 8 13 35 Arkansas ______------1.02ll 1.110 1.160 26 16 14 Rhode Island ______1.694 1. 465 Louisiana ______Vermont ______.821 10 11 47 1.290 1.435 .968 .17 12 39 2.040 .252 l.D41 4 39 JO ttew Mexico _____ L334 . 937 1.264 15 ..34 7 Region 11-New York: ttew York.. ______TexasOklahoma ______------.611 . 098 1.283 47 '116 5 1.158 1.860 .687 22 10 49 .936 .694 1.223 34 .23 8 New Jersey______1. 814 1. 524 .899 ] 9 42 Region VII- Kansas City: Puerto Rico_____ t4ot included in study, Iowa __ ------• .992 .049 1.197 30 48 10 Virgin Islands ___ Not included in study, MissouriKansas ______------.914 259 1.215 31 38 9 Regron In-Philadelphia: .715 .110 1.142 42 45 15 Pennsyvlania. ___ ttebraska______Ll78 1. 046 .~4 21 17 46 L 104 .149 1.168 21 ~3 12 Delaware______1.475 4. 867 1.074 11 1 26 ~egionColorado. VIII- Denver: ______Maryland/Districtlumbia ______of Co- .-674 .281 :1.082 44 "36 22 .997 2 . .105 .874 29 6 -45 Virginia ______Montana_----- 2..038 .687 1.264 5 24 6 l.M6 1.937 1.092 28 8 32 North Dakota ______1.988 .413 1.942 14 32 4 West Virginia_ ____ .681 .888 43 South Dakota_ ____ .211 4D 44 Utah ______1.... 30 .044 1.387 25 '50 2 Region IV-Aitanta: 1..425 .808 l.tmO 12 18 19 t Our perpetual energy crisis is not over ply of tl1is energy resource have ..sought Trips and Travel" 1·eveals that people liv for rural people. Prices for fertilizer, gas more stable energy areas for their com ing .in the Nation:S unincol1l0rated areas oline, insecticides, fuel on, and gas con panies. SUch activities perpetuate the made 34 percent of the ti·jps even ·though tinue to escalate as a result of interna problems of unemployment and poverty they constituted 26.5 percent of the pop tional cartels and political maneuver in rural areas and are directly related to ulation. In addition to making more ings. In 1973, it took the .e.quiv.alent of energy problems. trips, their fltips are longer on the aver 80 gallons of gasoline to J)roduce an acre Liquefied petroleum gas, LPG~ is used age. The average trj,p in tile unlrleorpo of com. Today it takes the equivalent of by tobacco farmers to cure tobacco f-or rated ar.e.as was 11 miles, 28 percent nearly 100 gallons. Many rural farms market. The price for this commodity .higher than that recorded for the ln simply cannot pay the prke for these has gone nearly out of sight lor farmers eorpor_ated places-8.6 miles. Rura1 peo- gallons. Before too lang, consumers may in m-y Seventh District. The 10 highest ple hav.e to lD.ake more trips because not be even able to .Ila.F lor tne food these consumer States of LPG are rura1 States. basic social services are not readilY avail farmers produce. Yet these citizens are being penalized as able to them. As American farmers are .called on to they ~truggle to keep pace with rising And in spite of the inroads and income produce greater and greater amounts of poJ)ulations and demands for food and major oil .companies have undoUbtedlY food, feed, and tiber for the world, they fiber. made in .rural areas, several have an are sb.a.ckled by the yoke of in:fiated en Gasoline ptices for .cars and trucks nounced they ru.·e pulling out rof Ule mar ergy costs. To feed our own population and farm machinery in rural America kets which are great distances from their in the next 25 years, our agriculture's have sw·passed those for urban drivers refineries. The mreas hardest hit by these energy needs must increase 60 to 180 because few independent companies ean pullouts will b"e rura1 ones. peroent. To llelp feed that world"s hun afford to establish businesses in remote Mr.. Speaker_, rural \merleans are gry people, that percentage will double. rural areas. Bural citizens cannot choose caught in a vicious .s_piral when it comes A farmer in Maryland _recently S8!id that between Good Gulf at 61 cents a. gallon to trans_portation. They do not .have the the .future of farming "always comes and Getty regular at 56 cents _a gallon. advantages ol a Iapld tra.nsit :system or down to spending more of my dollars.'' Chances ar~ they will .have to pay 65 computerize-d trillins. The llJ · tomoblle is Yet in spite of these increased de cents a gallon at the Gulf station. often the o:tily way to get from one place mands on energy for agriculture and ru People living in the 10 least metro to another. .ral areas, availability of resources lor politan States consumed _.567 gallons of And since most .rural peo_ple are not these areas has fallen. The Feder.al En motor gasoline per .capita in 1974. This wealthy.. they cannot a.1ford new, more ergy Administration~ "National Energy iigure is 31 percent higher than that ior efficient cars . .Frequently_, they must rely Outlook: 1976" contends that: motor gasoline cOJJ.Sumption in the lO on secondhand cars which are often gas The reserves from which -most of today's most metropolitan States and 18 percent guzzlers. on is being produced-matnly on..fihore JD higher than that for the Nation as a In a like mann.e.t. ln the area of .home the lower ~8 states--will decline by almost whole. heating B.lld cooling.. .rural residences are two-thirds by 1985 and about 80% by 19.90. Campa.risons among the .States on less efiicient than 'Illost uri:um .housing. The natural gas .situa.tion in my home their metropolltan perc~es .and per In idle Jirst place, the 11Ilits aTe usually State of North Carolina in the last few CBiPita motor gasoline .consumption indi single-family -units and many or them years has been. at best. 1n a ..state of cate that as metropolitan per£entages are substandard. With 'One-1ourth of the 1lux. Our citizens are continually sub increase, motor gasoline consumption de Nation's population, nzraJ areas have 60 jected to threats oi .limited supplies or creases. perc:ent of the Nation.. B .substandard virtual cutoffs. As a. result, ..some indus A re_port from fhe nationwide personal ho.using. And these citizens .do ot .have tries Which rely heavily on a ..steady sup- transportation study, "Home to Work a choice between an apartment i:lomplex Augus't 31, 1976 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 28715 and a well-insulated townhouse. Insula Goodman & Mean tion repairs on an old house are exhorbi Spearman's Kruskal's Number metropolitan rho a;amma of population tant and often do not seem worth the Petroleum consumption patterns States (percent) price. Distillate and residual fuels ___ _ + 0.326 + 0.449 In North Carolina, we have the highest Distillate and motor a;as ______-.063 + .041 High residual/low motor gas __ _ 10 81.2 per capita consumption of kerosene for Residual and motor eas ______-.493 -.526 High residual/medium motor gas ____ ------______4 60. 8 heating and we are No. 2 in the Nation Medium residual/low motor a;as_ 3 78.1 for total use of kerosene. Even this rela What these correlations indicate is low residual/high motor gas __ _ 8 43.8 Low residual/medium motor tively inexpensive petroleum byproduct is that States which have higher rates of gas ______------______5 49.5 getting increasingly expensive to use. In distillate consumption also have higher Medium residual/high motor efficient and untidy, kerosene is used rates of residual consumption. However, gas ______------____ --- 46.5 most often by the poor who do not have there was no relationship between States the opportunity or the money to switch with high rates of distillate consumption Seventeen States show an urban-in their furnaces to oil. and those with high rates of motor gas dustrial petroleum consumption pattern The next three tables take all of the oline consumption. while 19 States show a rural-agricul States and divide their consumption pat The strongest relationship of the thl·ee tural one. Given the lack of industry and terns into three groups: High, raltks 1 to is a negative one. States with high rates population concentrations, the rural 16; 17 of residual fuel consumption very often agricultural States have a far lesser need medium, ranks to 34; and low, have low rates of motor gas consump ranks 35 to 50. In this way it was possible for residual fuel. They have few factor tion and vice versa. It is this relationship ies to run; no major chemical plants; tu identify which States ranked high in which is most pe1·tinent to the question consumption of one petroleum product of the Rural Energy Office for it is along and no huge oil-fired electrical generat and low in the consumption of another. the high residual/low motor gas versus ing facilities. The rural areas rely more Two simple measures of association low residual/high motor gas dimension upon hydroelectric power, coal, and more were used to determine the degree of re where urban and rural States differ the recently, nuclear energy. lationship between the petroleum con most. The high motor gasoline consumption sumption patterns-spearman's rho These data appear in table 4. Also in ratios in the rural-agricultural States which compared each States ranking on cluded in this table and the two preced are a natural consequence of greater dis ing ones are 1973 metropolitan percent each product and Goodman and Krus tances to travel, the lack of nearby so ages of each State's resident population. cial services, and the absence of sizable kal's gamma which compared the con With this information added, the urban sumption patterns within State groups. rural character of the relationship can mass transit systems. Table 4 captures The results for each measure are pre be easily discerned. A summat'Y is pre- the essence of the rural energy problem. sented below: sented below: ' Tables 2, 3, and 4 follow: TABLE 2.-8TATE PER CAPITA PETROLEUM CONSUMPTION TABLE 3.-8TATE PER CAPITA PETROLEUM CONSUMPTION 1974 SALES OF DISTILLATE FUEL AND RESIDUAL FUEL 1974 SALES OF DISTILLATE FUEL AND MOTOR GASOLINE Residual fuel sales Motor gasoline sales Distillate High (States Medium (States Low (States DlstiDate High (States Medium (States Low (States fuel sales 1 to 16) 17 to 34) 35 to 50) fuel sales 1 to 18) 17 to 34) 35 to 50) High Connecticut, 88.7. Alaska, 44.2. Idaho, 16.5. High Idaho, 16.5. Alaska, 44.2. Connecticut, 88.7. (States Delaware, 69.6. Indiana, 64.3. Vermont, 0.0. estates Montana, 24.4. Delaware, 69.6. Massachusetts, 1 to 16) Maine, 23.8. Montana, 24.4. 1 to 16) New Mexico, 34.2. Indiana, 64.3. 86.8. Massachusetts, New Mexico, 34.2. North Dakota, Maine, 23-8. New Hampshire, 86.8. North Dakota, 12.4. Utah, 79.2. 36.1. New Hampshire, 12.4. Wyoming, 0.0. Vermont, 0.0. New Jersey, 93.3. 36.1. Utah, 79.2. Rhode Island, 91.1. New Jersey, 93.3. Rhode Island, 91.1. Mean= 17.5. Mean= 46.8. Mean= 79.2. Wyoming, 0.0. Medium Arizona, 74.4. Michigan, 82.0. Dlinols, 81.5. Mean= 61.1. Mean= 43.1. Mean= 8.2. 17 to 34) Arkansas, 40.8. Minnesota, 63.2. Louisiana, 64.6. Low Iowa, 36.8. M1sslsslppl, 22.3. Maryland/District Medium Arkansas, 40-8. Arizona, 74.4. Iowa, 36.8. Kansas, 43.2. Oregon, 60.6. of Columbia, (States Louisiana, 64.6. Illinois, 81.5. Kansas, 43.2. Nebraska, 44.5. Virginia, 66.0. 87.7. 17 to 34) Maryland/District Michigan, 82.0. Minnesota, 63.2. South Dakota, New York, 88.8. of Columbia, Mlsslsslppl, 22.3. Nebraska, 44.5. 14.4. Pennsylvania, 80.8. 87.7. Oregon, 60.6. South Dakota, Texas, 77 .0. Wisconsin, 57.9. New York, 88.8. Pennsylvania, 80.8. 14.4. Virglnla, 66.0. Texas, 77.0. Wisconsin, 57.9. Mean=47.3. Mean= 58.8. Mean=76.9. Mean=69.6. Mean=68.4. Mean=43.3. Low Georgia, 56.7. Alabama, 63.8. California, 93.1. Low California, 93.1. Alabama, 63.8. Colorado, 72.5. (States Missouri, 64.2. Colorado, 72.5. Hawail, 81.6. (States Florida, 83.9. Georgia, 56.7. Kentucky, 48.3. 35 to 50) Nevada, 76.1. Florida, 83.9. Oh1o,80.3. 35 to 50) Hawaii, 81.6. North Carolina, Missouri, 64.2. Oklahoma, 55.6. Kentucky, 48.3. Washington, 71.9. 45.6. Nevada, 75.1. North Caa-olina, West Virginia, South Carolina, Ohio, 80.3. 45.6. 37.1. 47.9. Oklahoma, 55.6. South Carolina, Washington, 71.9. Tennessee, 62.5. 47.9. West Virginia, Tennessee, 62.5. 37.1. Mean=62.9. Mean= 60.6. Mean= 72.8. Mean= 86.2. Mean= 62.0. Mean= 57.2. Nom.-Restdent metropolitan percentages, 1973. Distlllate/restd- NOTB.-Resldent metropolitan percentages, 1973. DisttlatetMotor ual: gamma=+. . Gas: gamma=+.041. 449 Source: Dlstlllate sales, 1974 from the Department of the In Source: Dlstlllate sales, 1974 and residual sales, 1974, both from terior, Bureau of Mines. Motor gasoline sales, 1974 from the Depart the ~partment of the Interior, Bureau of Mines, Metropolitan per ment of Transportation. Metropolitan percentages from the Depart centa(fes from the Department of Commerce, the Census Bureau. ment of Commerce, Census Bureau. CXXII--181Q-Part 22 28716 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS August 31, 1976 TABLE 4.-BTATE PER CAPITA PETROLEUM CONSUMPTION 1974 SALES OF RESIDUAL FUEL AND MOTOR GASOLINE Residual High (States Medium (States Low (States fuel 1 to 16) 17to34) 35 to 50) Motor gasoline sales Medium Arizona, 74.4. Alabama, 63.8. Illinois, 81.5. 'Residual High (States Medium (States Low (States (States Georgia, 56.7. Alaska, 44.2. Pennsylvania, fuel 1 to 16) 17 to 34) 35 to 50) 17 to 34) Montana, 24.4. Indiana, 64.3. 80.8. New Mexico, 34.2. Michigan, 82.0. Washington, 71.9. North Dakota, Mississippi, 22.3. High Arkansas, 40.8. Delaware, 69.6. California, 93.1. 12.4. North Carolina, (States Wyoming, 0.0. Florida, 83.9. Connecticut, 88.7. Texas, 77.0. 45.6. 1 to 16) Maine, 23.8. Hawaii, 81.6. Oregon, 60.6. Vil•ginia, 66.0. Louisiana, 64.6. South Carolina, Maryland/District 47.9. of Columbia, Utah, 79.2. 87.7. Massachusetts, Mean=46.5. Mean=56.7. Mean=78.1. 86.8. New Hampshire, Low Idaho, 16.5. Colorado, 72.5. Ohio, 80.3. 36.1. (States Iowa, 36.8. Kentucky, 48.3. West Virginia, New Jersey, 93.3. 35 to 50) Kansas, 43.2. Minnesota, 63.2. 37.1. New Yor:k, 88.8. Missouri, 64.2. Tennessee, 62.5. Wisconsin, 57.9 Rhode Island, Nebraska, 44.5. Vermont, 0.0. 91.1. Nevada, 75.1. Oklahoma, 55.6. Mean=20.4. Mean=60.8. Mean=81.2. South Dakota, 14.4. Mean=43.8. Mean=49.3. Mean=58.4. NoTE.-Resident metropolitan percentages 1973. Source: Residual sales, 1974 from the Department of the Interior, Bureau of Mines; Motor gasoline sales, 1974 from the Department of Transportation; and metropolitan percentages from the Department of Commerce, Census Bureau. Mr. Speaker, at every turn of the road, gasoline raises fundamental questions the Statistical Reporting Service are in rural Ame1icans suffer energy depriva about the future of American lifestyles. dividuals who have extensive knowledge tion not experienced by the rest of Amer The shameful result of these energy of the rural areas most likely to be ica's people. Those among us who pro related trends in rural areas is that fewer affected by changes in the availability vide the food we eat and clothes we wear and fewer Americans can afford to live of various energy sources. They are also are now being penalized for providing there and own farms. Today most people well aware of the concerns of rural resi these services and we must help them. living in rural areas are not farmers and dents regarding energy. Our study of petroleum consumption those who are earn the majority of their Mi. Speake.r, we are not advocating reveals that there is no rural-urban dif income in nonagricultural employment. the establishment of a new bureaucracy. ference in the per capita consumption As the number of family farms The Federal Energy Administration has total of motor gasoline and residual fuel dwindles and the number of corporate a mandate to oversee the energy needs of combined. The 10 most metropolitan farms increases, energy needs also in all Americans, but we believe that rural States had a per capita consumption of crease. Corporation agriculture is energy citizens have been overlooked in this 742 gallons of residual and gasoline com intensive rather than labor intensive, area. Besides, an office within the De bined in 1974, while the 10 least metro and if these farmers cannot have access partment of Agriculture which already politan States had a per capita consump to fuel supplies at costs competitive with mobilizes such expertise will not require tion of 735 gallons. While the total con urban industries, our Nation may reverse a huge expenditure of the taxpayers' sumption figures are virtually identical, itself as a producer and exporter of food money. the residual versus motor gas compo and become a consumer and importer of The Secretary of Agriculture will then nents are not. In the 10 least metropoli food. direct and transfer those USDA statisti tan States, residual fuel represents only For these reasons, Mr. Speaker, I be cians and economists who are already 23 percent of the combined total while in lieve that a Rural Energy Office in the engaged in matters related to energy, the 10 most metropolitan States residual Department of Agriculture would greatly and have them concentrate their efforts fuel represents 42 percent. improve the :flow of information regard in assessing the full dimensions of energy What this means simply is that any ing energy for rural citizens. And pas needs facing rural people. conservation effort which seeks only to sage of this bill will demonstrate that The second function of the REO will reduce motor gas consumption in order the Congress of the United States, repre be to serve as a clearinghouse for energy to create greater supplies of residual fuel senting rural people in every state, is legislation likely to have a direct impact is an urban solution. The rural areas will making a sincere effort to serve them. on rural citizens and industries. Those not benefit from the increased avail The REO will be charged with the re energy experts within REO will be di ability of residual fuel. They will in fact sponsibility of assessing the fuel and en rected to look for alternative approaches be hurt by the decrease in the available ergy needs of rural residents as those and consequences as well, and they will supply of motor gasoline. needs pertain to home heating and cool be encouraged to initiate legislation when The 10 States which rank highest in ing, transportation, agricultural produc appropriate. the Nation in their per capita consump tion, electrical generation, conservation, This bill addresses seven specific en tion of residual fuel and which rank low and research and development. ergy areas. The first is home heating and est in their per capita consumption of The office will have two functions. cooling methods. Rural residents hear motor gasoline have a mean metropolitan First, it will gather information. Con little or nothing about improved insula percentage of 81.2. The eight States tained within the Offices of the Agricul tion techniques and materials. Solar and which rank lowest in residual consump tural Research Service, Economic Re wind energy experiments pass them by. tion and highest in motor gas consump search Service, Rural Electrification Ad Yet rural homes are often situated in tion have a metropolitan mean of 43.8 ministration, Agricultural Marketing areas which have long sunlight hours and percent. Service, Agriculture Stabilization and where wind currents are strong and sun-. At no point does the urban-rural fac Conservation Service, Cooperative State light concentrated. The REO will be re tor in petroleum consumption become Research Service, Extension Service, sponsible for making information on cur clearer. The tradeoff between using Forest Service, National Agriculture rent heating and cooling research avail crude oil for residual fuel or for motor Library, Soil Conservation Service, and able to residents in rural areas. August 31, 1976 EXTENSION~ OF REMARKS 28717 Second, the bill directs the REO to as try Surveys, Washington, D.C., U.S. further decontamination, as is the con sess the energy needs related to transpor D~artment of the Interior, Bureau of taminated operator. The room in which tation in rural areas: How much gasoline Mines, 1975; "Monthly Motor Gasoline the facility is located was contaminated, is needed? Is it available? Which areas Reported by States," Washington, D.C., and will require extensive decontamina are to be cut off from supply? When? U.S. Department of Transportation, Fed tion. There was no significant contami What will be the impact of such with eral Highway Administration, 1975; nation outside the building. drawal? And can the supply of gasoline "Preliminary 1974 Power Production, It is apparent that the significance and be met by othexs? Capacity, Fuel Consumption Data," magnitude of this accident has been Third, the REO will be required to pro Washington, D.C., Federal Power Com exaggerated by the way it has been han vide information related to the produc mission, 1975; and "Estimates of the dled by some elements of the press. If this tion of agricultural commodities, such as Population of States: July 1, 1973 and accident had occurred in some nonnu LP gases, insecticides, fertilizers, and to 1974,'' Washington, D.C., U.S. Depart clear facility, it would not have been re assess the impact of :fluctuating prices on ment of Commerce, Bureau of the Cen ported at all by the press, but if strong rural areas. sus, 1974. acids or caustics or certain organic or in Fourth, information on energy needs Other sources used in the preparation :tlammable materials had splashed on the for business and industry in rw·al of the data were two publications of the operator in such an accident in a non America will be sought. How can new in Federal Energy Administration, "Project nuclear facility, the accident would have dustries be encouraged to invest in Independence Report,'' November 1974, been far more serious. The accident, underdeveloped rural areas, and how can and the "National Energy Outlook," while regrettable, has no impact on the those already there be maintained? Can February 1976; two reports from the Hanford plant, nor on the nuclear en energy needs be met to sustain economic Committee on Agriculture of the House ergy program. growth in rural areas? of Representatives, "Agriculture and the Fifth, the REO is charged with acquir Fuel Crisis, .. 1974, and "Energy Crisis and ing information on the sources of elec Its Effect on Agriculture," 1973; and one tricity-where it is generated, what the from the Committee on Agriculture and OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND long-term needs are likely to be, what Forestry of the U.S. Senate, "The Effects HEALTH ADMINISTRATION the future of nuclear plants is in rural of Uncertain Energy Supplies on Rural areas. And what the costs will be to resi Economic Development", 1974. In addi HON. LEO J. RYAN dents. tion, valuable information on this sub OF CALIFORNIA Sixth, the bill directs the REO to de ject could be found in the series of re velop information on conservation of ports prepared by the Congressional IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES energy, to inform rural people of con Research Service entitled "Toward a Tuesday, August 31, 1976 servation methods, and to develop pro National Growth Policy: Federal and Mr. RYAN. Mr. Speaker, it is obvious grams encouraging energy self -suffi State Developments," 1972-75. ciency. from the number of complaints I have And finally, the REO is charged with received from the 11th Congressional doing research to identify and develop District of California that the operation information on alternative fuels and the AUGUST 30 ACCIDENT AT HANFORD of the Occupational Safety and Health potential of energy technologies which Administration is a major source of have not been fully developed or widely aggravation and resentment toward the used. HON. MIKE l't1cCORMACK Federal Government for many American Mr. Speaker, the successful production OF WASHINGTON businessmen. I know from personal ex of food and fiber is based on meeting IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES perience that many of the criticisms are justified. the energy requirements of agriculture. Tuesday, August 31, 1976 The strength of rm·al America is based OSHA's penchant for enforcing trivial on the fabric of family farms and rugged Mr. McCORMACK. Mr. Chairman, and petty regulations have consistently individualists who rely on energy and yesterday morning, August 30, about 3 taken precedent over the more serious fuel to make a living from the land. We a.m., there was a small localized explo dangers facing American workers. J: render these citizens powerless when we sion inside chemical processing equip think it is important to note that 98 per do not meet their needs. ment involving waste recovery at the cent of the ·1 million citations issued by Fuel is the life blood of our agi·icul Hanford, Wash., plant of the Ener OSHA have been for "nonserious viola tw·al society. Without it, the Nation can gy Research and Development Adminis tions." This record is a disservice to the not survive. Today, through the penalties tration. This was not a nuclear accident, goal of protecting the real welfare of the of high prices and lack of information, and it did not occur at a nuclear power working men and women of America and this delicate system is suffering from plant. It had nothing to do with nuclear a constant irritation to the American hardening of the arteries. If we do not energy production or the fabrication or businessman. give it a transfusion, it may not be able reprocessing of nuclear fuels. The ex Mr. Speaker, I rise to offer the fol to do what we know it must do if we are plosion was probably caused by a chemi lowing reply to one such comment on to maintain our standard of living. cal reaction, and occurred in an ameri OSHA which may be of interest to my For these reasons, I urge my colleagues cium recovery facility. The operator re colleagues of the Congress: in this Chamber to join me in support of ceived superficial cuts on the face and on DEAR NFIB MEMBER: Since my election to a Rural Energy Office. Identical legisla one side, and was contaminated by the the United States Congress four years ago, tion is being introduced in the other body americium solution. I have been besieged by complaints concern ing the operation of the Occupational Safety LEAHY If Americium is a radioactive element by Senator of Vermont. imple and Health Administration and I suspect mented as we intend, this office could used in industrial measuring. It does not many of those complaints have been justi provide the mising link in ou1· long over require heaVY shielding, but does require fied. due rural development effort. contamination control. It was, therefore, Instead of addressing major problems of To rural Americans, information about necessary, after the operator had show health and safety, the agency has all too energy is as important as information ered, for him to go to the Hanford En often directed its attention toward areas about soil or weather or water levels or vironmental Health Facility, a special in which could best be served by local fire de markets. And it is high time we give our dustrial-medical unit in Richland which partments or state public health services. valiant citizens the sort of service they treats cases where the skin has been Rather than control worker exposure to dan require in this critical area of their lives. broken and where there is probable con gerous chemicals such as benzene which has In the course of research for this bill, tamination. There were nine other per been tied to leukemia. the agency has all we developed data on per capita con sons involved, who were contaminated, too frequently used its limited resources for measuring the distance between aisles in the sumption ratios of the three major petro one of them significantly, in assisting the local hardware store or handing out cita leum products: Distillate on, residual operator in leaving the room and in de tions at the neighborhood garage because fuel, and motor gasoline. The sources contaminating him. Eight of these men the coffee pot doesn"t ha.ve the proper kind for this data were: "Sales of Fuel Oil were decontaminated by washing, and of plug. Congress ha.d no intention of in and Kerosene in 1974," Mineral Indus- have been released. One is being held for jecting the federal government in many of 28718 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS August 31, 1976 these areas and yet it bears the brunt of thwarted by a general lack of data upon "In the public health area, health special much of the small business communities ag which to base proposals or revisions more ists are beginning to be concerned about can gravation with OSHA's regulation. relevant to employee safety and health. It cer as an environmentally caused disease. In the last 3 Y2 years for example, OSHA is my understanding that the agency con That means pollution, carcinogenic drugs, inspectors have iSsued almost 1 million ci tinues to encourage interested parties to food additives, cigarets, and the like; all of tations to employers for violations. 98 per participate in the revision process by sub which are developed, promoted, carelessly cent of these have been for "non-serious mitting written comments. I would also like handled by corporations, including the relen violations" as defined by OSHA. The average to encourage you to participate because it is lentless promotion to make millions of Amer penalty is $25. I doubt that the threat of important to the small business community icans addicted to cigarets. Even the addic such a small fine adds to an employer's and the American economy that we mini tion area, in substantial part, can be laid at willingness to comply with the regulations. mize the damage being done by OSHA. Please the door of these companies. So that the I think such fines serve to breed disrespect make your comments available to: phrase 'corporate carcinogenesis' is begin for the law and a government which seems Director, Office of Standards Development, ning to come into play. Corporations are a to delight in unnecessarily questioning the OSHA, U.S. Department of Labor, Room N- cause of cancer." good intentions of those it is supposed to 3718, 200 Constitution Avenue, N.W., Wash This is a remarkable breakthrough. The serve. ington, D.C. 20210. bulk of the medical profession, perhaps in Last year the House began to address the To make sure comments are directed to fluenced by sinister forces, holds that there serious problems and resentment OSHA was the appropriate officials, those on walking are statistical correlations between certain generating. On November 17, 1975, the House working surfaces should be directed to industrial and consumer activities and can passed and sent to the Senate HR 8618, a Docket D; Fire Protection, Docket L; and cer, but still lacks a credible theory of what bill which would provide onsite consultation Anhydrous Ammonia, Docket AA. makes body cells go tumorous. for OSHA standards, a major complaint of While I have serious doubts about the Not content with discovering a cause of many employers. Only fifteen Members of effectiveness of OSHA in furthering the goal malignant neoplasms, Mr. Nader also offers the House voted against this bill which has of safeguarding the working men and women a cure. To wit, in the name of public health, not yet been considered by the other body. of America, as long as the agency continues Congress should legislate the federal char Recently I talked with Congressman David to exist I intend to do what I can to make its tering of corporations. Obey (D-Wisc) and other Members of the standards and procedures more rational Well, that should be easy enough. But Mr. Labor-HEW Appropriations Subcommittee than they have been in the past. Nader's prognosis raises a few questions. who explained the strong action the Sub Sincerely yours, After all, it was the Royalty Chartered Vir committee had taken in the 1976 Labor-HEW LEOJ.RYAN, ginia Company that introduced tobacco to budget. I want you as a businessman to be Member of Congress. the world. The historians are silent about aware of the new policies OSHA has been di what corporation promoted nicotine addic rected to follow: tion among the Indians, who taught it to ( 1) Immediate steps to dramatically up the Europeans. Also, a Czechoslovak medical grade the skills of OSHA inspectors through NADER IN CHARGE? journal reports the Soviet cancer rate to be intensive retraining. This retraining should approximately the same as the U.S.; the So be conducted irrespective of a possible re viet Embassy advises us there are no corpora duction in the number of inspections com HON. JOHN M. ASHBROOK tions in the U.S.S.R. pleted during the coming year and should OF OHIO It occurs to us that those epidemiologists accomplish the following objectives: working day and night in Philadelphia could (a) provide each inspector with a clear IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES save themselves a lot of trouble by calling sense of priorities as to which workplace Tuesday, August 31, 1976 in Mr. Nader. By his logic, clearly, the Penn hazards pose the greatest threat to the health sylvania mystery disease is caused by vet and well-being of workers Mr. ASHBROOK. Mr. Speaker, there erans' conventions. (b) provide inspection procedures to in cent news from Georgia concerned the sure that citations, fines, and abatement or Democratic standard bearer's receiving [From the Washington Post, Aug. 6, 1976) ders are based on those priorities Ralph Nader as his visitor to his recently (c) provide a clear understanding of the established political court. Following WINDBAGS AND AIRBAGS meaning of each OSHA standard by all in There seems to have been a certain amount spectors and develop the technical skills their meeting, according to r.ews stories, of wlndbaggery at the air bag hearings held necessary to concentrate enforcement ef both Governor Carter and Mr. Nader by Secretary of Transporta tlon William T. forts on workplace hazards which pose the took turns in spreading compliments Coleman on Tuesday. At issue was a decision greatest threat to the well-being of the thick as peanut butter. Secretary Coleman has promised to make by workers, particularly in the area of health In view of this Carter-Nader mutual January 1: whether or not automobile manu (2) Review and simplification of existing admiration club, I think it appropriate facturers should be compelled to install air OSHA standards and elimination of so to bring to the attention of my colleagues bags (or other "passive restraints," as they called "nUisance standards" or standards are known) on all new cars as a safety which do not deal with workplace conditions two recent editorial commentaries, one measure. Over the years the air bag argu- that are clearly hazardous to the health or from the Wall Street Journal and the - ment has been very intense. Both the cost safety of workers or are more properly under other from the Washington Post, which and the prospective efficacy of the device the jurisdiction of State Departments of reflect criticism indicating a growing dis have been at issue between manufacturers Public Health. enchantment with scattershot Nader at and consumer groups. Thus Secretary Cole (3} Redirection of enforcement programs tacks on American industry. man, a public official known for his willing to place increased emphasis on problems In former times Mr. Nader has been ness to assume personal responsibility for related to worker health. The Oongress notes made to appear an ir..reproachable de tough and politically controversial decisions that the overwhelming number of inspec and for a corollary insistence on getting all tions have been in the field of safety despite fender of consumer interests. These edi the facts he can, delayed a ruling until he reports by the Administration that deaths torials from the Journal and the Post could acquire a wide range of information. due to occupational health problems exceed point up a sharp change in attitude. Tuesday's hearing was part of the process. 100,000 per year while problems involving I commend the reading of these edi The windbaggery was initiated by Ralph safety account for 11,000 deaths per year. torials to my colleagues, as well as Gov Nader, whose commitment to the mandatory ( 4) Substantial redirection of inspection ernor Carter and his staff: installation of air bags seemed to have over efforts away from industries with good [From the Wall Street Journal, Aug. 5, 1976] whelmed both his judgment and his ability worker health and safety records so as to cto deal straightforwardly. In his prepared permit increased inspection in industries CAUSE AND CURE OF CANCER DISCOVERED statement, Mr. Nader sought to rig the game with the greatest health and. safety problems. While the U.S. government has already and also to personalize it in a particularly ( 5) Development of fine-free on-site con dumped $3 billion into the "war on cancer," offensive way. He did so by suggesting that sultation programs which are available to a Washington lawyer with no medical cre the real issue was Mr. Coleman's character, employers throughout the United States are dentials working with limited financial re the idea being that the Secretary was in fact clearly understood by employers and are sources has located a leading source of can in the process of deciding whether or not staffed by competent consultants qualified cer. Browsing through hearings of the Sen to sell out, as distinct from deciding the to advise employers of the application of ate Commerce Committee held earlier this merits of the case. But hear Mr. Nader: OSHA standards in their workplace. An summer, we note that Mr. Ralph Nader dis It really boils down to whether you have evaluation of the on-site consultation pro closed, "Corporations are a cause of cancer." cthe moral fortitude to stand up to the giant gram shall be completed and transmitted Because Mr. Nader has occasionally taken auto corporations and the White House that to the House and Senate Appropriations issue with our comments on his myriad ac has serviced them so faithfully in the last Committees. tivities and because we aspire to be at least few years. That is the issue ••• It is whether With regard to the second directive above, as accurate as the studies that bear his im William T. Coleman has the guts to stand OSHA has complained. that its efforts to primatur, we quote the relevant part of his up to General Motors and the Ford Motor revise section 6(a) standards, have been statement: Co. as he had the guts to stand up on civll August 31, 1976 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 28719 rights years age>-and, after too many mending that Congress increase the Na of any crime, ha.s been improved by the months, to stand up soon, before, not after tional Park Service budget and that the Senate Judiciary and Intelligence commit the November elections. OMB increase the ceiling on permanent tees. Mr. Nader had already suggested that the But the bill, cosponsored by President hearing was being used as a means of de personnel for the Park Service to a level Ford, retains at least three provisions that laying a final ruling, prompting Mr. Cole equivalent to that authorized by Con encroach needlessly on civil liberties. man to interrupt With the observation that gress. The committee felt that this would Most easily remedied is the section that he didn't much care to have the "integrity" be the quickest and most economical way still permits non-criminal wiretap warrants, of the process impunged in this fashion. to halt the degradation of America's na but only against agents of foreign intelli There was also a fiare-up over Mr. Nader's tional parks. It is for this reason that I gence networks who are clandestinely trans reference to Secretary Coleman's feelings commend that portion of the President's mitting information to a foreign power and about "rights for black people," which he appropriations request which, if ap apparently violating national security. had brought up in a ham-handed way, That kind of activity is equivalent to crim prompting Secretary Coleman liken him to proved, would provide $194.3 million for inal espionage, and ought to be regulated. "bigoted people"-a term for which the the Park Service for maintenance, and Nonetheless, as the Church-Schweiker com Secretary subsequently apologized on the $200 million for an additional 1,000 posi mittee warned after reviewing FBI and CIA grounds that in his job he should not tions for the Nation's parks over the next crimes, the government should never be al "irri-tate" citizens. 10 years. Although the President's request lowed to tap citizens who are not breaking Not very pleasant, you will probably agree; also provides $700 million for develop the law. If the government needs to wiretap but the point is larger than that. It is that ment of new and existing park areas and foreign intelligence agents, why not amend Mr. Nader's insinuations of bad faith, which $141 million for acquisition of new park the espionage laws to make such activity ra-n in an unmistakable, if elusive, under specifically a crime? current through his statement, were in land, it is essential that more money be More troublesome is the procedure for ob appropriate, unnecessary and unwise. In the earmarked for maintenance of existing. taining Wiretap warrants. While the mere particular case this is so because Secretary facilities, some of which are shamefully fact of requiring a warrant-and the written Coleman is a public otncial of demonstrated inadequate, rather than for construction record the warrant provides-offer a vast im integrity and courage. Unsupported sug of new facilities. provement over warrantless and untraceable gestions that he is not are genuinely reck The President's recent action is both taps, the b111 virtually compels a judge to less. More generally we would just observe commendable and long overdue. For 8 issue a warrant without real opportunity to that loose insinuations about a public of consider whether the intrusion of a wiretap years now indifference and neglect have is justified. The bill allows the government ficial's character are no more defensible or been the hallmark of Republican admin attractive than similar assertions about to go to any of seven designated judges or let us say-his loyalty to his country. It has istrations that have passively watched to two levels of appeal. Some greater measure always struck us as odd that so many of the the continuing degradation of our Na of judicial discretion would not delay or deny well-intended folks on the left who under tion's parks. The President's 10-year pro the relatively small number of justifiable stand one half of this proposition don't gram represents an important commit taps. seem to understand the other. Mr. Nader, ment to the preservation of the scenic, The greatest weakness of the bill, and an in this episode, is a case in point. We would historical, and cultural values that other contradiction of the Church-Schweik.er remind him that the issue is the etncacy recommendations, is an indirect acknowl are an integral part of our national park edgement that the President may have au of the air bag, not the potential corruption system. It is unfortunate, however, that of Mr. Coleman. Very possibly we will dis thority to install taps without warrants and agree with the Secretary's final judgment the President's sudden interest in the outside the law. Technically the bill is neu on the matter ourselves. But we have not the Nation's resource protection problems tral on the question-but it mentions the smallest reservation about the objectivity had not been displayed sometime before possibility that such an authority may exist, and good fai.th with which be will reach it. the end of a legislative session and prior instead of leaving the issue unspoken and up Neither should Mr. Nader. to the deterioration that has already to the courts. taken its toll on visitor services and Some proponents of executive privilege claim not even the Supreme Court can con facilities within our national parks. trol the President's wiretapping for national security, because surveillance is an executive FORD'S PARK PLAN TOO LITTLE function. To us it is clear that every wire TOO LATE tap, of a gambler or an organized crime leader WIRETAP SURVEn.LANCE or a spy, is an infringement of civil liberties which are constitutionally guaranteed and HON. WILLIAM S. MOORHEAD protected by the courts, and that taps can OF PENNSYLVANIA HON. ROBERT F. DRINAN be justified only when legal evidence suggests OF MASSACHUSETTS IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES an ongoing crime. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES The Senate committees have recognized Tuesday, August 31, 1976 the need to control wiretapping and have Tuesday, August 31, 1976 produced a better bill. Further amendments Mr. MOORHEAD of Pennsylvania. I Mr. DRINAN. Mr. Speaker, I know that would reassure aJl except the few who believe was pleased to learn this past weekend of any wiretap violates the B111 of Rights-and President Ford's proposal to establish my colleagues will be interested in a bill those few must recognize that wiretapping a 10-year, $1.5 billion program designed e Intercontinental Press, September 11, which are located in the ailing states of the -the proper climate ln the United States. 1972. Northeast and Central industrial corridars. Every citizen of the U.S. must perceive New 7 Trotskyite Terrorist International, hear However, there are several notable ex.ceptions York City and other major urban centers as ing before the Senate Subcommittee on In including Atlanta., Birmingham, New Orleans, integral components of our nations. Con ternal Security, July 24, 1975, p. 112-113. and San Francisco, all of which have very gressmen simply will not vote to help cities s Internal Information Bulletin, December, serious financial problems. if it means taking dangerous flak from 'their 1973, No. 7 for 1973, p. 3-5, and Internal The existence of a national pattern of constituents. Information Bulletin, August, 1974, No. 7 urban decline makes it clear that there are Perhaps the upbeat themes symbolized by for 1974, p. 3-4. fundamental and widespread urban problems Operation Sail and by the Democratic Na 0 Trotskyite Terrorist International, op. cit., which contribute greatly to the cause of indi tional Convention have helped to dispel the p. 112. vidual city crises. Different cities will con ugly myth that New York is too far gone w Ibid., p. 114. tinue to experience varying degrees of exces and too evil-to both.er saving. 11 Mary Alice Waters. memo to the steering sive debt, above average unemployment, and Let's look now a.t New York City's fiscal committee on the Leninist-Trotskyist Fac unacceptably high costs of living. problems. tion, November 28, 1975. Indeed, recent evidence suggests that CITY EXCESSES u World Outlook (Now Intercontinental suburban regions of the United States are City Services: New York City provides a. Press), July 14., 1976. beginning to experience many of the same vast array of expensive services that other 13 International Internal Discussion Bulle financial ills as urban areas. The U.S. Con cities simply do not provide, or provide on tin, Volume X, No. 24, December, 1978. ference of Mayors solicited financial informa a very modest scale. The 1975-76 municipal tion from 469 cities across the nation. In budget included (a.pa.rt from pension costs): June of 1976 the Conference reported that $447 million for higher education; $890 mil the country's suburban and sun-belt com lion for municipal hospitals; $586 million for A STEP IN RESTORING THE ECO munities-places such as Beverly Hills and charitable institutions (most of which con NOMIC HEALTH OF THE NORTH Phoenix, which experienced substantial eco sists of payments to private hospitals); $90 EAST-MIDWEST CORRIDORS nomic and population growth in the early million for the health department; $71 mil 1970's-are beginning to show the first lion for addiction services; $137 million for symptoms of financial crisis. various housing activities; and $180 million It is critically important to divorce self in subsidies for mass transportation. Al HON. JAMES H. SCHEUER infllcted urban problems from those prob though State and Federal Government grants OF NEW YORK lems that occur due to forces beyond the take up the lions share of these costs, the control of local governments. New York City IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES City's taxpayers must contribute more than is an almost perfect case study in the finan a. billion dollars annually to fund these pro Tuesday, August 31, 1976 cial problems of local governments caused grams. predominantly by national and state pro Mr. SCHEUER. Mr. Speaker, on Sep The two most .flagrant excesses are in pub grams and policies utterly beyond the City's lic welfare expenditures and in health and tember 2, the initial meeting of the control. Although New York City has no hospital expenditures. New York City spends Northeast-Midwest Economic Advance doubt in many ways contributed to her own $199 per capita for pubUc welfare programs ment Coalition-NMEAC-will take -near demise, nevertheless, the federal gov as opposed to the national average of only place. I wish to commend my colleagues ernment, the state government.. and certain $32 per capita. And. the City spends $82 per Mr. REUSS, Mr. HARRINGTON, Mr. MoOR institutional factors seem to be the major capita. on health and hospitals versus the culprits. HEAD, Mr. AsHLEY, and Mr. HORTON for national average of only $29. In fact, New York City has managed to turn Fringe Benefits: No study of New York can the leadership they have demonstrated its economy around somewhat ln the past by forming this long-needed coalition. ignore the question of public employee fringe eight months. However, monumental prob and retirement benefits. In this fiscal year, The primary functions of this coalition lems still a.tnict the local, regional, and stwte employee fringe benefits such as pensions, will be to examine the economic decay of economies, a.ll of which continue to per health insurance, uniform allowances and the Northeast and Midwest corridors form less well than the national economy. the like, will cost New York City taxpayers and to examine ways in which this de The New York Times of July '22, 1976 re more tha;n $2 billion. Now hear this: Based cay can be arrested and economic health ported that the nations, unemployment rate on a full time municipal working force of restored. fell 2.1 percentage points, from 8:8 to 6.7 per 232,000, this cost averages out to more than cent from January to May. The unemploy $8,600 per. employee! In other words, New I have written a preface to a book to be ment rate for New York, however, fell only York City's taxpayers spend more per em published within the next few months by 1.2 percentage points, from 10.4 to 9.2 per ployee on fringe benefits alone ($8,600) than Prof. Alan Barton of Columbia Univer cent in the same time period. the average American's total annual income sity. The preface details the discrimina Most interesting was a set of Labor Depart ($6,059) 1 tion by the Federal Government toward ment figures which illustrate that whlle the Some of New York's unique fringe benefits the declining cities of the Northeast-Mid City and State continued to lose jobs from include: west corridors. It pinpoin~ the kinds of January to May, the decline was almost en• $36 million annually into Union Annuity discrimination involved in Federal poli tirely attributable to government jobs and Funds which provide still more retirement in construction jobs dependent on govern benefits in the .form of annuities to certain cies and programs-housing, transporta ment expenditures. groups of employees. tion, and Federal employment-both The one year loss of jobs in New York $107 million in direct payments to muni military and civilian, toward cities in State was 107,300 with 91,500 of them in gov cipal unions for such fringe benefits a.s free general, and documents the urgency of ernment and 12,800 in construction. The dental care, eyeglasses, psychiatric counsel our search for solutions to the fiscal crisis private sector, with a loss of only 8,000 jobs, ing, and legal services. that is now beginning to amict virtually therefore, has essentially stabilized its em· $19 milli.On for uniform allowances that all of our major cities, North and South, ployment levels. go not only to policemen and firemen, but also to marine engineers, aqueduct captainS, East and West. The text of the preface This employment example points out the futility of City efforts to improve its finan speech and hearing therapists, public health follows: nurses, nurses aides, ambulance technicians, PREFACE FOR THE BARTON BOOK cial position without federal cooperation. Be deckhands, and swimming pool operators. cause of the Federal government's size, the $1,165 million in pensions which are dis ". • • Now just a. word about campaign impact of its programs and policies far out strategy. I will have no Southern strategy; tributed under the most generous formula.. weigh the economic policies of an indivi• in the Unitd States. For ex.a.mple, a New but I will have a.n Eastern one-saw it off and dual local government, even New York Oity let it float away.••. "-senator BARRY GoLD· York City employee who retires at age 65 with a. $12 billion budget--equal to the 18 with 25 years of service, receives annually in WATER. smallest state budgets taken together. Knowingly or unknowingly, the federal gov net after tax retirement income a.n amount ernment has joined hands with the state gov I a.m convinced that significant changes equal to 125% of his after ta.x income ernments, and through implementation of a. in the federal and state programs and policies in his last year on the job. The equivalent complex web of programs and policies which which now cripple the City will not occur percentage in Atlanta is 43%, in Chicago 47%, systematically discriminate against the without: in Dallas 52%, and in Los Angeles 54%. Only Northeast and North-central regions of the -well documented justifications for Denver and Detroit at 91% and 104% even United States, they have 1n effect adopted changes 1n these policies and. programs. It is approach New York's generosity. Senator Goldwater's eastern campaign in this area that increased social science re City Action: Yet the City has taken re strategy. search must play a.n invaluable role.. It shoul(l sponsible actions to rectify these problems. However, there is every indication that be the prima.ry goal of our researchers to pro New York has attemped to stem its flow of large cities in general-not simply the de duce credible and workmanlike documenta fiscal hemorrhaging through widespread clining cities of the Northeast-will be coping tion of the discrimina.tion against our cltles. wage and hiring freezes. layoffs, cutting back with increasingly greater fiscal problems. For We knaw that it exists, but its exasperatingly on uniform allowances, and other politically the most part, the a1Hicted cities are those dl:ffi.cult to document! difficult but necessary measures. For example, August 31, 1976 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 28723 from December 1974 to February 1976, New counted for 10 percent of the total payroll This chart deals with the total percentage York City has terminated employment dollars of our fourteen fastest growing states: increase 1n civilian and military payroll from through layoifs and attrition of mQre than Arizona, Florida, Colorado, Alaska, Idaho, 1964 to 1974 broken down by region and sub 43,000 of its nearly 370,000 employees for a Mississippi, Utah, Arkansas, Virginia, Hawaii, region. Note the following items: savings and more than $600 mllllon." South Ca.rollna., North Carolina, Tennessee, The Northeast and Northcentral regions of In addition, in March of 1976, the City and New Mexico. During that same time the United States, with more than 85.5 mil proposed draconian budget cuts and re period, in the five states which are declining lion population, had less than $18 bill1on in quested state and federal action that taken the fastest--New York, Massachusetts, Con payroll disbursements in 1974. However, the together, would lop $379 million oif the City necticut, Ohio, and Illinois--the federal mili South, with a population of only 54.1 million, budget in fiscal year 1977 and $862 million tary and civilian payroll accounted for only had more than $26 billion in disbursements. oif the budget in 1978. Included in the City's 2.5% of the total payroll dollars of those From 1964 to 1974 the Federal payroll more proposed cuts are phasing down city support states. The federal payroll stimulus is going than doubled-109.4 percent increase. for CUNY City Colleges ($113 million); re where it is needed least. During the same time period, the payroll in duction in welfare costs not mandated by Compounding this disparity is an equal the Northcentral region just barely doubled- statute ($60 million); and reduction in cer ly unfair and discrlmlnatory allocation of 102.1 percent increase-while the payroll in tain employee benefits ($24 million). military construction dollars. Fiscal Year 1976 the Northeast only increased by 78.7 percent. $250 million of the cuts are part of the Department of Defense military construction However, the South and West regions ex FY 1976-77 budget reduction program. This authorizations included $102 million for the perienced growth percentages far above the program includes cutting education costs by northeast and midwest industrial corridors national average-119.8 percent for the South $47 million; pollee costs by $40 million; fire with a population of 85.5 million people. The and 117.8 percent for the West. department costs by $8.5 million; sanitation same bill included $800 million for the south Finally a more general symptom of decline costs by $8.7 milllon; Health and Hospitals ern states with a population of only 5~.1 mil can be documented by examining the fluctua Corpo1·ation costs by $27 m1111on; and social lion-a patteTn of discr1minatlon of 12.6 to 1. tion in the private sector work force. From services costs by $12 mlllion. Aside from the immediate employment 1970 to 1973 loss of jobs was acute in both Unfortunately, as the Congressional Budget payoffs of such a biased construction alloca Boston (16,000) and New York (244,000). At Offi.ce of the U.S. Congress reported in Oc tion, we know that for every dollar spent on the same tizne the work force increased in tober, 1975: ..At this advanced stag-e of the military construction in a state, the multi such cities as Atlanta (41,000) and New fiscal crisis, few, if any, options remain open plier efl'ect results in an increase of the pay Orleans ( 16,000) . to the city acting alone." These budget cuts ron of that state by $2.50. Thus, from a Welfare: The national welfare program is a are the only methods available to bring the basepoint of the current 3 per cent/12 per disaster for New York City and ind-eed for city's outflow of resow·ces under controL cent disparity in Federal military and civilian many of the welfare recipients themselves. However, there is also the need to revital payroll, we compound the diiferential first, The City's welfare rolls have tripled in the ize the inflow of resources. A primary element by the immediate employment etfects of the past twenty years. One In eight of New York's of this program must be the r-econstituting military construction; second, by the multi residents Is on welfare, a burden the City can of our tax structure once again to make the plier effects of the construction; and third, no longer alford to shoulder unassisted. City viable and competitive. And that means by the further disparity in federal payroll We have to eliminate incentives in our wel tax reduction. through the milltary and civlllan personnel fare programs which attract welfare families Unfortunately, New York has been forced who w111 be employed in the new mllita.ry to the high cost of living metropolitan to do just the opposite-they have increased facilltles so unfairly distributed-'til the areas of the Northeast. We need a national their taxes. They have implemented new taxes memory of man runneth not. welfare standard that over a period of time designed to yield $500 mlllion from Decem wm result 1n welfare families migrating to ber 1, 1975 through June 30, l978 including Particularly r~eallng fs a eompartson of the 1978 Federal clvllla.n employees per 1000 where their fixed incomes will buy them the higher taxes on personal Income, estates, and most goods and services--regions where a cigarettes, an increase in the minimum cor population ratios of several states: New1rork ______0.92 simpler life style will allow their welfare porate income tax, and an extensi-on of the dollars to give them a better life. sales tax to cover personal services. The City Massaehusetts ------1. 09 Moreover, right now, by attracting these has also increased real estate taxes In an Jtentucky ------1.24 people to our teeming metropolis, we are al attempt to Taise $400 mfllton. South Car-olina------~------1. 81 most dooming both parents and kids to per New York's municipal tax system already Montana------~---~--- 1. 53 petual !allure, because, in all too many cases, encourages the continued erosion of the Nevada ------~--- 1. "71 neither parents nor kids can cope with the City's tax base by perpetuating the high cost demands for sophisticated urban skllls which of living, working, and producing in the Clty. ~yomlng ------1."74 FOOTNOTES ON THE B-1 BOMBER DEBATE Even if they do only half that well, we could still not achieve the level of assured 1 Civil Defense, a Report to the Atomic En ergy Commission by a Committee of the Na destruction that has long been considered tional Academy of Sciences, Washington, HON. JACK F. KEMP necessary to deter the Russians from attack ing us: obliterating 20 to 25% of the popu D.C., 1968. Available a.s TID-24690 from Divi OF NEW YORK lation and 50 to 67% of their industrial sion of Technical Information Extension, IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES ERDA, P.O. Box 62, Oak Ridge, Tennessee capacity. 37830; T. L. Martin, D. C. Latham, Strategy Tuesday, August 31, 1976 Meanwhile, the Russians are rapidly ap proaching strategic superiority. Taking full tor Survival, University of Arizona. Press. Mr. Mr. Tucson (1963); C. M. Haaland, Systems KEMP. Speaker, it is no secret advantage of concessions they received under Analysis of US Civil Defense Via National that for some time now a strong debate the SALT I interim agreement on offensive Blast Shelter Systems, Oak Ridge National has been underway over our country's arms signed in 1972, they are building more Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee, Report national defense and the potential con and larger missiles. Three new Soviet ICBMs ORNL-TM-2457 (1970). are larger and each is equipped with several tribution to our national security of the individual nuclear warheads. 2 Civil Defense, (N. I. Akimov, ed.), Moscow, B-1 bomber. Mr. Francis Hoeber, an ex 1969. Translated by J. Rimshaw, ORNL-tr- In addition to this, they are developing a. s. pert on these matters and researchist at ''new generation" of ICBMs. The Russians 2306 ( 1971) . the Georgetown Center for Strategic and 3 have tested a land-mobile missile that can be S. Glasstone, The Effects of Nuclear Weap International Studies, has made a fine moved around to evade our weapons. They ons (revised edition), US Government Print contribution to this debate in an article are deploying a. new 4,200-na.utica.l mile sub ing Office, Washington, D.C. (1974). marine-launched missile on a. new class of • R. H. Sandwina., "Ponast ll," Proceedings in the August 22, Los Angeles Times. Mr. Roeber says that the B-1 bomber makes submarine (years before our 4,000-mile Tri of the Radiological Defense Officers Confer dent 1 missile, which is still in development), ence, South Lake Tahoe, 23-25 October 1974, a vital contribution to our Nation's na a.nc:l they are deploying a. new supersonic State of California. Governor's Office of Emer tional security and to peace in the world, bomber, the Backfire, capable of reaching the gency Services. and that without it the United States United States. G E. P. Wigner, 'The Myth of Assured De may· not have, in the eyes of the Rus In the early 1980s they will have more struction," in The Journal of Civil Defense sians, a credible deterrent for much strategic nuclear power than the United (Survive), July-August 1970, P.O. Box 910 longer. It should be read by all Members, States and will be capable of partially dis Starke, Florida. arming us while withholding enough forces e D. L. Narver, Jr., D. T. Robbins, Engineer regardless of whether they are for or B-1. to make it suicidal for us to retaliate. ing and Cost Considerations for Tunnel Grid against the This growth in Soviet capabilities makes it Blast Shelter Complex, ORNL-tm-1183 The article follows: imperative that the United States take ac (1965); D. T. Robbins, D. L. Na.rver, Jr., Engi B- 1 DELAY COSTLY IN MONEY AND U.S. tion to maintain its policy objectives of (1) neering Study tor Tunnel Grid Blast Shelter STRENGTH "credible deterrence," meaning the Russians Concept for Portion of City of Detroit, M i ch (By Francis P. Hoeber) will be convinced we are as strong as we say igan, ORNL-tm-1223 (1975). we are; (2) "assured retaliation" against dis 7 The massive lobbying effort against the B-1 Long-Term World Wide Effects of Multi persed military, economic and political tar ple Nuclear-Weapons Detonations, The Na strategic bomber will resume this week as Congress ends its recess a.nd a. House-Senate gets; (3) flexibility to respond to less than tional Research Council (Committee Chair aU-out threats or attacks; and (4) "equiva. man, Alfred 0. C. Nier); The National Acad conference committee prepares to take up the question. Led by the National Campaign to lence"-tha.t is, denying the Russians the emy of Sciences, Washington, D.C. (1975). advantage they would obtain militarily and 8 Stop the B-1, a. coalition of 27 groups oppos Analyses of Effects of Limited Nuclear psychologically if they achieved actual and Warfare, prepared for the Subcommittee on ing various defense appropriations, the lobby wants Congress to delay funding the bomber apparent superiority. Arms Control, International Organizations Modernization of our bomber force is one and Security Agreements, of the Committee until "the next President" can make that important decision. of the keys t o achieving these policy objec on Foreign Relations, US Senate, September tives: 1975. Such a postponement would be expensive, even if the President decides promptly in Credible deterrence: Is it credible for us 11 Hearings before the Subcommittee on In to threaten, when faced with Soviet provoca ternational Organization and Disarmament February to order production of the first three planes (the first of 241 to be built over tion or attack, to push the button that irre Affairs of the Committee on Foreign Rela vocably sends massive numbers of U.S. mis tions, US Senate, Ninety-first Congress. the next eight years). Three prototype B-1s already a.re fiytng, and contracts have been siles to the Soviet Union? The Russians and let for the three production models. Further many of our allies think not. Only the delay, even for a few months, will cost an es bomber offers the President a rational alter timated $500 million because existing subcon native that retains America's credibility. He A 5-CENT CUP OF COFFEE tracts will have to be canceled and work can launch all or some of his bombers and forces disbanded, requiring new contracts keep them subject to recall, gaining several hiring and training if the program is resumed: hours in which to negotiate. Because the Inflation in the meanwhile could make the bomber is recallable, its very slowness is a. HON. J. EDWARD ROUSH virtue. OF INDIANA figure larger. Still, those who press for delay sound rea. Assured retaliation: Far from being able IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES ~ona.ble and temperate. The truth, however, to merely "bounce the rubble," a manned Tuesday, August 31, 1976 1s that they want the program delayed for bomber-with a. pilot responsible for assess ever. ing the success of an attack and switching Mr. ROUSH. Mr. Speaker, the good ole' The basic argument of the a.nti-B-1 lobby targets if necessary--could carry out the days of penny candy and 25-cent movies is that the bomber represents overkill: we much more difficult task of seeking out the are still very much alive in my Fourth have more than enough missiles to destroy many dispersed targets which, if destroyed, Congressional District of Indiana, the all the Soviet cl·ties, a.nd bombers would only would deny the Russians victory in war and heartland of America, as evidenced by a come along later and "bounce the rubble," in survival as a. superpower. Winston Churchill's vivid phrase. The mis American ICBMs still may be able to do small, country pharmacy in Topeka, Ind. siles' potential for accomplishing the "as this job, but that may not be true much I want to inform my colleagues that at sured destruction" of Soviet population and longer because they are becoming increasing the counter in Turner's pharmacy you industry is seen as sufficient to make war ly vulnerable. The new, large Soviet missiles can still buy a cup of excellent home impossible. . are more accurate than our ICBMs and by made real honest-to-goodness coffee for Assured destruction, however, never was the 1980s will be able to knock out many of just 5 cents. Tom Turner admitted to me an adequate concept of deterrence, and 1t is our Minuteman and Titan missiles unless during my recent visit there that the rapidly becoming infeasible because the Rus we "launch on warning"-tha.t is, unless we sians have implemented an aggressive war fire our own missiles in fear of losing them pressures of inflation had forced him to fighting, war-winning, war-surviving doc by not using them. contemplate doubling his price to 10 trine. For example, a massive Soviet clvU Similarly, our submarine-launched mis cents a cup. He explained, with tongue in defense effort, accelerated in the early 1970s, siles conceivably could do the job, but their cheek, that he did not want to add to the includes training the population for evacua warheads are both smaller and less accurate many pressures causing and contributing tion of cities, building shelters, dispersing than those of either the ICBMs or our to our spiraling in:tlation, so he intends industrial plants and making them blast strategic bombers. Moreover, the Russians to hold out a while longer before increas resistant. Making no secret of this program, have increasing antisubmarine capability to they publish detailed "how to" manuals on sink our su~marines--not a.ll at once, per ing his coffee prices. I appreciate busi civil defense. According to Russian claims, haps, but certainly one at a. time. Would we nessmen like Tom Turner who are mak their losses from a. U.S. mass attack would want to bomb SoViet cities-thus risking the ing the low-cost "good ole' days" more be only 5 to 8% of their urban population loss of our own:_all because they torpedoed a than just a memory. and essential production would continue. few U.S. submarines? 28728 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS August 31, 1976 Beyond that, communications with sub the far less capable B-52, which would re to be issued by the city of Chicago as a marines are inherently d11ficult: Only very quire an estimated $40 million per plane large, low-frequency transmitters can reach three-quarters of the cost of a B-1-for mod theatrical community center. subs beneath the water, and if the Russians ernization and rebuilding so that it could We, in the Ninth District of Illinois were to knock these out, our subs would be keep flying for one-half the life of the B-1. are proud of the contributions and beyond our control. For all these reasons, Congress should de achievements of the Old Town Players. Flexible options : The bomber would also cide to get on with B-1 production-not provide a special, flexible capability for limit because the Air Force pilots want it, not be ed attacks. Using bombers instead of missiles cause it would provide jobs, but because it is for early, small responses would create less a plane that can do what is required in time THE SMITHSONIAN'S S. Dn.LON psychological incentive for escalation. to help meet the mushrooming Soviet threat RIPLEY, ON THE MEANING AND Equivalence: Given the small size and and to help provide the essential strength EFFECTIVE USE OF MUSEUMS number of U.S. missiles relative to the Rus from which the United States can try tone sians, the bombers, with their large payloads, gotiate acceptable arms-control agreements. contribute immensely to both real and per HON. LUCIEN N. NEDZI ceived equivalence. For these reasons, it is important to con OF MICHIGAN tinue to have an effective bomber component TRIBUTE TO THE HARD-WORKING IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES in our strategic forces. However, even if this PEOPLE OF THE THEATER Tuesday, August 31, 1976 point is granted, foes of the B-1 argue that it is the wrong bomber; in their view, cruise Mr. NEDZI. Mr. Speaker, all Members missiles are a better alternative since the of Congress have a tremendous amount B-1 is not the ultimate bomber and is too HON. SIDNEY R. YATES of required reading to do. costly. OF ILLINOIS We read in the office, and we read at B-1 opponents propose that a cheaper, bet IN THE HOUSE OP REPRESENTATIVES home. We also read on planes and at ter substitute for the B-1 would be the new cruise missile, launched from outside the So Tuesday, August 31, 1976 airports. It is my habit to put aside magazine viet airspace from a wide-bodied aircraft like Mr. YATES. Mr. Speaker, in this Bi the Boeing 747. The problem is that the time articles, speeches, and other matters of required to design, test and produce both the centennial Year as we acknowledge and interest for my "airplane reading" file, longer-range cruise missiles and a new trans remember our vast resources, I believe it and this file invariably becomes quire port would mean that the system would not fitting to pay tribute to the dedicated and bulky. be ready until the late 1980s at best. We need hard-working people of the theater So it was that on a recent flight from new forces by the early to mid-80s; and the particularly the volunteers throughout Detroit to Washington I finally had a B-1 would be ready. the land-who with their many talents Moreover, there are serious doubts whether chance to read a very perceptive and have contributed so much to the enjoy interesting speech delivered some time the cruise missile could perform all the nec ment and richness of lives. essary missions, whether the 747-type carrier ago by S. Dillon Ripley, secretary of the would survive and whether the combined There is an all-volunteer theatrical Smithsonian Institution. system would be cheaper, let alone as effec group in my congressional district in I was favorably impressed with Mr. ·t ive as the B-1. Chicago-the Old Town Players, 1718 N. Ripley's remarks and regard them as Cruise missiles that can be built in the North Park-who are most worthy of timely and appropriate reading for a next eight to 12 years could not carry the special attention. This theater company wider audience. "penetration aid" used by the B-1 to ensure is now in its 44th season-its lOth in Accordingly, under leave to extend my that most of the bombers will get through Chicago's Old Town. Soviet defenses-for example, electronic de remarks in the RECORD, Mr. Ripley's vices to fool enemy radar and missiles. Nor On September 10, this remarkable Memorial Day 1976 speech is set forth does the cruise missile have the bomber's group will stage its l,OOOth performance below: ability to perceive that a given target has at its present location with a spirited production of Moss Hart's "Light Up the SPEECH BY S. DILLON RIPLEY already been hit and to select another target. (The text of a speech prepared by S. Dillon The United States is certain to lose equiva Sky." As of midsummer, this group had Ripley, Secretary of the Smithsonian Insti lence in the early 1980s if we do not push played to an audience well over 68,000 tution, for delivery at the opening session of on with existing plans while preparing new persons, all in the 98-seat lovely and his the 71st Annual Meeting of the American initiatives in both force modernization and Association of Museums, Monday, May 31, arms control proposals. The only new systems toric St. James Church. In their 44 years, the Old Town Play at the Sheraton Park Hotel in Washington, we can deploy by that date are those now D.C.) under way: not only the B-1 but also the ers have earned an outstanding reputa tion throughout the country. Drama Here in the Bicentennial year, I am Trident subs and their missiles. minded of the happy events of eleven years The B-1 clearly is the best bomber for its critics have been lavish in praising both ago when I had first come to the Smith purposes that can be built now. If we start the players and their hard-working di sonian and when I had an opportunity to over and develop a new strategic bomber rector, Frank Carioti. In a recent review address the delegates to the Bicentennial even one that takes advantage of new tech of the Old Town Players' production of celebration of James Smithson's birth, as nological developments-we might come up well as the world meeting, here and in New with a bomber for the 1990s, but our delay "After the Rain," the Chicago Sun Times declared: York City, of the International Council of would assure the Russians reaching superior Museums. Now as indeed I said then, we all ity in the preceding decade. ... Carlot! is obviously a meticulous crafts man when it comes to technique. The pace, perceive one central truth: "Museums and In any event, we are told that the B-1 their activities are playing a larger and "would be the most expensive weapons sys the lighting and the sound effects are re markably expert. And few would know that larger part every day in our cultural scene, tem in history" and would be a drag on the and yet the purposes for which they exist economy. The opposite is true: production it is all done on a shoestring and a big box of tinfoil. Here is a production that has been and t he meaning of museums still manages would stimulate the economy, but that is to elude the public and the world of affairs." not the reason we need the B-1. Further prepared with a great deal of care and inge nuity and there is not one player ill-suited Why is it that museums even today find more, the $92 billion figure for 244 B-1s themselves viewed as so largely out of the which has been bandied about is blown up to his role. main stream, the real world? by a series of accounting tricks. It includes Not only has this group made theatri It seems to me that there are two main 30 years of operating costs; it includes pre cal history in Chicago, it has also suc reasons, one to do with education, the other dictions of inflation; it includes new tankers connected with the assumptions of our adu1~ which will be built for other purposes and at ceeded in getting Chicago's municipal life. The world of education is in a terrible most shared by the B-1, and it includes im code revised so that its tinY auditorium dilemma today, the certitude and self proved weapons that will be built for the could be rezoned for theatrical use. When righteousness of past years replaced by self B-52 if there is no B-1. city officials threatened to close down doubt over failing standards, diminishing In reality, the 244 B-ls will cost about $1 their theater, the Old Town Players ral numbers of young students and incredible billion a year in 1976 dollars, if they are used lied support from the Old Town Triangle inflationary pressures. Throughout our whole for 30 years, or 1% of the defense budget- community which had enthusiastically history in the United States we have been far less than the amount that has custom dedicated to the goal of education for every arily been allocated to strategic bombers. welcomed the actors and their patrons. one, an inalienable right of freedom. But in At this reasonable cost, the B-1 has a far Together they enlisted the aid of Mayor the new land of freedom where this had been better chance to maintain our capability for Daley and soon a new code for not-for achieved by uniting and by forging together assured retaliation and flexible options profit theaters was enacted by the city a democratic society, life itself had a solemn against improving Soviet air defenses than council. They now hold the first license responsibility to the state, to the family, to August 31, 1976 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 28729 other citizens; and to the community. It was seums-their curators, their collections, regimentation and pedantry. Museums would in this context that every citizen deserved their research and their physical environ do well to measure thus their independence the best in training and discip~ine of the ment--into the teaching mosaic. In re against their eventual dependence on gov mind which a real education could produce. cent years American museums largely on ernment funds. In order to achieve this demonstrable goal, their own have dramatically widened the Turning from educat ion to public expo a century or more of increasing support for range and increased the extent of their edu sure, there is no doubt that television, the education !rom state and federal sources, cational activities. Museums are a commu most promising of the new techniques of ex gradually replacing, especially recently, much nit y educational resource; they represent posing an object, talking about it, and in of the earlier highly-motivated private or human capital. Museums are sylvan sacred creasing the appeal of the museum experi religious philanthropy, has produced a mas groves in which the fruits of the human ence, continues to be a failure. In eleven sive series of formulas for education. The condit ion are seen at their finest and pre years I have yet to see adequate use made complex web of paternalistic regulations and served for future generations, waiting to of museum collections in this medium. The accreditations has achieved an immense teach t h e past, and expose presentiments one program which spoke to me, and to the infrastructure of competitive yet complacent for t he future. public, "What in the World," put on by the institutions providing careers to a welter of All of us in museum work believe this and University Museum of Pennsylvania as a bureaucrats and teachers to teach teachers. yet often we are skeptical of the possibil! brilliant exposition of Art and Ethnography, All of this is assumed to refine skills-learn ties. With the lower grades yes; the "Dis flopped for lack of a sponsor. At least two ing and the transfer of training as life goals covery Rooms" of sight, feel and touch are great series done by the BBC, Clark's "Civili rather than the acquisition of knowledge or marvelous for children; with the graduate zation" and Bronowski's "Ascent of Man,'' the creation of patterns of discipline of the students by all means; we are comfortable were narrated by geniuses, and utterly suc mind. with teaching at that level and with the cessful, saved only at the last momen t, over In this juggernaut car ponderously careen hope of replicating our own professional the objections of the major networks, em ing down main street, museums still have competence. But at the college level we con bedded as they have been in the rituals of no defined role. As latecomers on the scene tinue in the main to fail to interact between soap opera and other bread and circuses for we continue to be decorations, frills or orna museums and college course curricula. I the masses, designed not to interefere with ments, and as such viewed as potentially noted this in my book, The Sacred Grove, dispensable in a time o! fiscal crunch. that college courses are too tunnel-like, ca the ads. In eleven years I have not seen a rush by reers and the pressure competitive track Now at last public television may come of any major segment of the educational estab systems too acute for museum work to man age, and save us all, citizens and museums lishment to clasp museums to its bosom. In age to capture the interest of most teachers alike, from the numbing conformity meted special areas of conserV'ation and art history, and students in the constant race for time out by the tube. To counter this and restore yes to a limited extent. In Anthropology a and minimal attention span. the use of language to its rightful place, I toe in the door perhaps under the rubric of It is not !or lack of trying. The Smith have recently recommended, at the level of the social sciences. In the natural sciences sonian's National Museum Act has sought basic training in writing and literate skills, suspicion of· organismic biology coupled with to improve museum techniques and provide that we use television, the erstwhile enemy, prejudice over environment and economic training and the National Endowments for to develop new programs in training. Here confrontations continues to produce bias in the Arts and Humanities have been most on the screen we could associate words beau thought and deed. effective life-savers, not only for individuals tifully with objects exhibited, a museum And yet there Me beginning to be cracks as sources of research and performance like technique, but performed the way Mme. in the monolithic facade of assumptions. grants, but to a significant extent for mu Montessori showed us a year ago, so that we Education is a vast ecclesiastical structure. seums as institutions. However, the report reinforce the learning process in a way that Like some of our most established churches Museums and Education (1968), which children have always responded to-with the ravelled sleeves and hems are showing. called for a research and development pro touch, sight and a deeper perception. Per In the past decade there has been a marked gram for museum education, generated no haps in this way, museums could find a increase of school participation in museum action in the major government depart firmer, a more committed involvement with experiences, at the early school level, and ment (Health, Education and Welfare) con the new media techniques and in the proc training at graduate levels, an interplay in cerned. ess produce our new open university. Some course structure and job and career train Museums can be only a small part of the where out there, in the museum world, some ing in museum careers. Will this be added programs of the endowments because of the one is waiting to pull it off! to? As I see it yes in several ways. Education competition with the performing and plas I have not mentioned the slow but promis itself has declined overall in quality. This tic arts, folklife and other interests. None ing growth of corporate support for museums. is partly due to its very massiveness, its theless, a start has been made in the current This is a welcome nascent phenomenon, of ponderous rules, its denial of individuality reauthorization bill for the endowments in ten hindered in its progress by the imperson through rote teaching, as well as succumb the new title establishing an institute for ality and restlessness of corporations them ing to the new luxurious modes of thought of the improvement of museum services in the selves. Here leaders alone count, men and the sixties, the mindless drive towards self Department of Health, Education, and Wel women able to attach ultimate values of en fu1lfllment, which so often merely masks a fare, providing for a program of grants for vironmental health of their employees to the lack of discipline and loss of faith. With this rehabilitation and construction of museum urban surroundings in which these employees has come the eerie after-effect of nearly a facilities and operating expenses. Whether live. But executive rotation and impersonal generation of watching television, the con the institute will rest with the endowments management are a hindrance to real corpo duit for cultural values in the American or in HEW is still subject to debate. From a rate responsibility, and every effort should be home, as Eric Barnouw has described it, dis practical political point of view, the large made to encourage a continuing dialogue be placing Grandpa, Grandma, school and sums of money authorized wou1d seem mod tween museum and corporate management. church. est when swallowed in the cavernous reces As we all know, I think museums do pos I have been interested recently to read in ses of the budget of HEW, the largest de sess some of the ultimate weapons for the the papers that the Soap Opera Digest, partment of government in fiscal terms. As future. As possibly the last legitimate growth chronicling the day-to-day loves and hates such a sum of forty million dolalrs cou1d industry, museums will continue over the and dreams of all the 14 daytime dramas, is be far more vulnerable as well as visible years to amass more of the world's artifacts, the fastest growing magazine in the country. in the smaller budgets of the endowments. As the slogan goes, "These are the women those made by the hand of God as well as And in an election year, as the diminished those made by man. you want to reach ... the women who load bird song in Washington's Spring season re up their shopping carts weekly with soaps They thus are the eventual repositories of minds us, fiscal austerity is the watchword. the truths of conservation, the testament of and cereals •.. beauty and health prod As museums come closer to success in es ucts ... paper and sanitary goods ... baby history, and the measure of the sustainable tablishing a precedent for government fund degradation of our planet. Here is a weapon and pet foods ..." Truly the medium has ing for services and for services rendered, become the message. for the future, the roster and the tally of the akin to the massive support for colleges and grains of matter slowly disappearing before But why do I dwell so much on education schools, it would be wise to look ahead and and its present problems? Obviously because our eyes. Museums thus have a moral re consider that with federal funding come sponsibility to preserve these objects with I do not believe museums have anything to certain reciprocals: oversight, control, bu gain in the long run without allying them newly refined skills, and on the part of the reaucratic management, accountability, and Smithsonian Institution I can testify to our selves somehow with the destinies of educa increased administrative and overhead re tion in this country. desire to serve as a leader in the field of con sponsibilities. All governments and other very servation, but also the right to point out, as But how shall we order our lives to achieve large granting bodies require this today. this result? We must begin to learn how in a kind of world Farmer's Almanac, how to make more effective educational use of I would urge one and all to recall that the much more, how long and for what purposes the several thousand museums that exist education apparatus in this country now we the people can continue to sully our in the United States. They represent vir suffers to an extent from vast federal sup planetary nest. tually untapped resources within the aca port. The prescription of policies stem from And so as the Spring goes and the bird demic community, and one would hope that the spending power. Money begets power, songs diminish, I can testify to one thing as the educational establishment wou1d explore but the ultimate power rests with the dis I have before: Over this world of ours winds how best to integrate the assets of mu- pensers of the money. Vast money produces of change are blowing. From whence they 28730 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS August 31, 1976 come and whither they go no man knows. adequately. Fortunately, no really serious g~nce throughout the colonies, the Con Only the rate may be measured in finite problems have developed in any of the reser terms, the rate, the time change. No people voirs in the Second District and surrounding tmental Congress resolved: are better trained to ring the changes of this areas. It is a great credit to the personnel in That . . . there should be employed on relentless progression than those who do their those areas and their efforts in making their the several post roads, a rider for every research in museum laboratories. To develop limited funds and sta1f reach the areas of twenty five or thirty miles, whose business and foster such research is one of the most need. In recognition, however, of the increas it shal~ be, to proceed through his stage important goals in the world today. ing numbers of people using these facilities thre~ trmes in every week, setting out im and the demands on local officials, legislation mediately on the receipt of the mall, and such as H.R. 14005 which I introduced to pro travelling with the same, by night and by vide additional personnel and funds as nec day, without stopping, until he shall have KEYS' TESTIMONY SUPPORTS IN essary to meet the increased demands for delivered it to the next rider; and that the additional law enforcement personnel at post master general be desired, either by the CREASED LAW ENFORCEMENT use of way bills, or by such other meens as SERVICES AT CORPS OF ENGI Corps of Engineers projects is seriously needed. In talking with him on Memorial Day, he shall find most efficacious, to prevent de NEERS WATER RESOURCES PROJ Mr. Penhollow said such funding would al lays in the riders, or to discover where they ECTS low him to stabilize his operations in Riley happen, that such dilatory riders may be County. discharged. Jefferson County Sheriff Carl Eisenhower HON. MARTHA KEYS ?f Lake Perry has also worked with my office OF KANSAS In support of this legislation. I would like IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES to use Lake Perry, one of the reservoirs in LETTER WRITING CAMPAIGN my area, as an example to illustrate the Tuesday, August 31, 1976 magnitude of this problem. Mrs. KEYS. Mr. Speaker, the Subcom Jefferson County has a population of 10 to HON. LES ASPIN 12 thousand and Lake Perry is entirely with OF WISCONSXN mittee on Water Resources of the House in this county. The lake encompasses 159 Public Works and Transportation Com miles of shoreline, 39,338 acres of fee lands IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES mittee is holding hearings on the Water and 12,200 acres of water. During the month~ Tuesday, August 31, 1976 Resources Development Act of 19'16. One of April through October, more than 1.5 mil of the proposals being discussed for pos lion people visit this recreational area-peo Mr. ASPIN. Mr. Speaker, in the last sible inclusion in this act is a bill which ple with motor boats, sail boats, campers, week or so many Members have been in I introduced, H.R. 14005. This legislation Boy Scout hikers, bicyclists, swimmers and undated with mail calling on Congress to would authorize the Secretary of the picnickers. Sheriff Eisenhower has a five:man vote money for the B-1 bomber program. Army to contract with States and their force each of whom are presently working an As Members of the Congress we need to 80-hour week at a. salary of approXimately hear from our constituents or we cannot political subdivisions for the purpose of $675 per month. The loCal county government obtaining increased law enforcement has no additional sources of revenue to sup do our job. But some things about this services at water resources development port either greater salaries or more personnel. latest letter-writing campaign have dis projects under the jm·isdiction of the Despite this increased number of man turbed me. First, employees of Rockwell Department of the Army. Today, I testi hours and work schedule, over-all crime in International Corp., the prime contractor fied before the subcommittee in support the county increases 150 percent during peak for the B-1, have been prompted-per of this legislation. My remarks follow: use periods. Theft alone increases more than haps ever pressured-to write these let 300 percent. Crimes of a less violent nature ters. Second, from the mail I have re STATEMENT OF THE HONORABLE MARTHA KEYS often go unreported. The Sheriff's depart ceived it is apparent that many em Mr. Chairman, I appreciate this opportu ment details two men to assist in dredging ployees who have nothing to do with the nity to appear before the Members of the and land support operations when a drown House Subcommittee on Water Resources to ing occurs who are on duty until the body is B-1 program have been misled into be express my strong support for legislation in located. On several occasions, this period of lieving their jobs may depend on the B-1 troduced by me regarding law enforcement time has stretched into two and three days. program. aid to areas with Federal reservoirs. My pro With such a small sta1f, you can see that Let me quote from a few letters I have posal is to authorize the Corps of Engineers their ability to respond to emergency calls re received to illustrate the corporate pres to ~ontract with States and their political lating to water accidents or other personal sure behind this mail: subdivisions for increased law enforcement medical emergencies is severely stmined. From a constituent in Beloit, VVis.: As you already know, both the Office of services at water resources development proj I support the bomber project. OK, OK. I'm ects under the jurisdiction of the Depart Management and Budget and the Department of the Army have recommended that this really a player just working for Rockwell ment of the Army. There is a strong need for and they told me to write something. this type of legislation and it is my hope legislation be favorably considered. In addi that it can be included in the Water Re tion, the report of the Secretary of the Army From a constituent in Fontana: to the Congress on visitor protection service sources Development Act of 1976 which you I have been asked by the company I work are now considering. at Corps of Engineers lakes, .dated December 1974, indicated that a reasonably significant for to write to you about the B1 bomber In Northeastern Kansas, attendance at project and I would like you to know that I Corps of Engineer reservoirs continues to level of criminal activity exists at a. majority of Corps lakes. The report also states that am not for the Bl at this time, and I doubt climb. Visitors to Milford, Tuttle Creek, if I will change my mind. Pomona, and Perry Lake total more than 6 criminar activity, or the threat of it, results million during the summer months, nearly in a significant and unquantifiable diminu And from another constituent in three times the entire population of the tion of the value of the recreation experience Beloit: State of Kansas. The strain on local law en of the visitor. Thus, I believe that passage of the legisla This letter is being written on Rockwell forcement officials and their capacity to re Inter. time, dealing with the Bl bomber. I spond to emergency situations created by tion I have introduced will provide the needed assistance to local law enforcement am against it and since Rockwell is paying this influx of people outstrips what the local me to write this letter and send it here it is. taxpayers can provide. The millions of people officials so that they will be better equipped enjoying the recreational facilities at these to provide additional visitor protection serv About 90 percent of the mail I have re lakes are left with little recourse in seeking ices at peak-use times at Corps of Engineers ceived came with the same "E Pluribus help. This bill would authorize funds to be lakes in the Second District of Kansas and throughout the United States. Unum" postage stamp while the re appropriated as necessary to insure con mainder came with the same Harvard, tinued enjoyment by visitors at lakes and to help with the growing problem of crime and Til., postage meter. A member of my staff' the need for help to local officials. reached an executive at the Harvard At the beginning of this summer, over the Admiral plant, which is wholly owned by Memorial Day weekend when I was in the TWO HUNDRED YEARS AGO TODAY Rockwell. The executive confirmed that Second District, I stopped by the Tuttle the company, at the behest of the parent Creek Reservoir and visited with Mr. Willis firm, gave its employees paper, envelopes, Penhollow, Director of the Riley County, HON. CHARLES E. WIGGINS stamps and time for the purpose of writ Kansas, Police Department. We talked about OF CALIFORNIA ing their Congressmen. law enforcement needs at Federal recreation IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES The Harvard plant makes television al area projects such as Tuttle Creek. Because products--exclusively. It has nothing re of a lack of additional funds, it takes an in Tuesday, August 31, 1976 genious sheriff or director to juggle personnel motely to do with the B-1 bomber. Yet a schedules and responsibilities to be able to ~. VVIGKJINS.Mr.Speaker,200years number of employees were clearly in respcmd to emergency calls and/or law en ago, on August 30, 1776, in an effort to duced to write out of eoncem that their forcement problems and to cover all bases expedite the communication of intelli- jobs would be at stake if the Congress September 1, 1976 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD- SENATE 28731 I fully support the B-1 bomber project employees did their lobbying with com did not give Rockwell all it wanted for and strongly urge you to vote in favor of it. the B-1. pany stamps, paper and time. Since the Harvard plant was not doing Govern For example, a constituent from Dela One woman was such an enthusiastic ment work, that appears to be within the van, Wis., wrote: supporter that she sent three letters, firm's legal right. But many of Rock I am in full support of the Bl bomber with the same name and return address, well's 120,000 employees around the project for our protection and our jobs. but using a slightly different handwrit country work exclusively on Government ing each time. Another wrote: projects. If they were told to lobby on We here in Congress want to hear I fully support the Bl bomber proje<:t and company time, it appears that the Gov from our constituents and need to hear ernment was, in effect, paying to have strongly urge you to vote [in] favor of it. if Sincerely (need a job) ...." from them we are to do our job. But itself lobbied, which would appear to be letterwriting campaigns run by corpora a violation of the law. I have asked the A woman from Williams Bay wrote: tions who twist the arms of their em Secretary of Defense to investigate and What's this nonsense about the downfall of ployees by wrongfully implying their jobs determine if any of the direct and/or the B-1 bomber? are on the line are a perversion of the indirect costs of the Rockwell lobbying I am in favor of the project. Evidently democratic process. campaign were in any way passed on to there will be a. war in the near future. Why In fact, Wisconsinites who were de the U.S. Government. should our country be behind the others? luded into believing support for the B-1 Besides, I work for Rockwell International In conclusion, I would like to share and the bomber project could mean saving meant support for their jobs were ac with you three other letters I received in my job. As scarce as jobs are now I sure tually supporting a tax loss for them the Rockwell mass mailing. One gentle don't want to lose mine. . . . selves. In the years from 1970 to 1985 man wrote: Wisconsinites will be taxed to the tune Let's get a bunch of the Bls b uilt before A gentleman from Beloit, Wis., showed of $469 million to finance the B-1, ac the Ruskis' Backfires get us. concern for his job-but also a certain cording to calculations ma.de by the skepticism that his job was really gentleman from Ohio (Mr. SEIBERLING), While a woman wrote: involved: but Wisconsin firms will get only $60 I do not strongly support this Bl bomber project. I feel . it is a great disaster to our I'm in favor, IF we are promised twelve million in B-1 contracts. months a year & a 40 hour week. We don't nation and also Rockwell corporation need a six month lay off or trips to Mars & Thus the Harvard plant employees, throughout the nation. All employees should outer space. If otherwise, I'm NOT 1n favor. whose employment depends not on the feel the same way, because if not they are B-1 but on the television market, are insane. Another wrote very succinctly and to being asked to lobby Congress-not to And finally one unsigned letter has me the point: save their jobs, but to support a tax drain scratching my head. Addressed "Dear Please see to it that Admiral Rockwell amounting to $240 for each and every Honorabe Lee A Spine", it said: works good this year. Wisconsin taxpayer. When the company I full Suppose the B1 Bomp. that you Have The bulk of the mail, of course, sup asked these people to write Congress, I vote in Favarity of. Becauese I feel like it ported the B-1 program. More than one will bet they never explained that to would be watbl your while to give it a change and well the company and the peo third of all the mail I personally received them. ple belive it So I Hope you will give it a. contained the same one-word sentence There is one other issue here that dii; charge. See what ary why. and you Decides oi support: turbs me. Rockwell saw to it that the what? SENATE-Wednesday, September 1, 1976 (Legislative day of Friday, August 27, 1976) The Senate met at 10 a.m., on the The legislative clerk read the following DEPARTMENT OF STATE expiration of the recess, and was called letter: The second assistant legislative clerk to order by Hon. PATRICK J. LEAHY, a U.S. SENATE, Senator from the State of Vermont. PRESIDENT PRO TEMPORE, read the nomination of William G. Brad Washington, D.C., September 1,1976. ford, of Illinois, to be Ambassador Ex PRAYER To the Senate: traordinary and Plenipotentiary of the Being temporarily absent from the Senate United States of America to the Republic The Chaplain, the Reverend Edward on ofticia.l duties, I appoint Hon. PATRICK J. of Chad. L. R. Elson, DD., offered the following LEAHY, a Senator from the State of Vermont, The ACTING PRESIDENT protem prayer: to perform the duties of the Chair during my absence. pore. Without objection, the nomination Almighty God, who makest the light to JAMES 0. EASTLAND, is considered and confirmed. shine out of darkness, we thank Thee for President pro tempore. The second assistant legislative clerk the light of this new day. Grant that we read the nomination of Robert J. Mc may welcome its opportunities, waste Mr. LEAHY thereupon took the chair Closkey, of Maryland, to be Ambassador none of its precious hours and fail in as Acting President pro tempore. Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary of none of its duties. Give us poise and pa the United States of America to the tience and power. Spare us from im THE JOURNAL Kingdom of the N etherland.S. patience, fxom being touchy, quick to Mr. MANSFIELD. Mr. President, I take offense and slow to forget it. Grant Mr. MANSFIELD. Mr. President, I ask wish to say a few words about Ambassa to us something of the manliness of the unanimous consent that the Journal of dor McCloskey, who has performed su Master. Teach us again the dignity of all the proceedings of Tuesday, August 31, perbly as the congressional liaison chief work when done in Thy name, and espe 1976, be approved. between the Department of State and cially the high trust of work in this place. The ACTING PRESIDENT pro tem Congress. In that capacity, he had the At the end grant us the gift of rest and pore. Without objection, it is so ordered. title of Assistant Secretary of State for the mir~cle of a renewed mind and body. Congressional Affairs. We pray in the name of the Great Car EXECUTIVE SESSION Mr. McCloskey used to be the chief penter, who went about doing good. press officer for the Department of State Amen. Mr. MANSFIELD. Mr. President, I ask before he became Ambassador to Cyprus, unanimous consent that the Senate go and when the present Secretary of State, into executive session to consider nomi Dr. Henry Kissinger, was appointed to APPOINTMENT OF ACTING PRESI nations under "New Reports." DENT PRO TEMPORE his present position, he recalled Ambas There being no objection, the Senate sador McCloskey from Cyprus to take The PRESIDING OFFICER. The clerk proceeded to the consideration of execu over his very responsible position in es will please read a communication to the tive business. tablishing a relationship between Con Senate from the President pro tempore The ACTING PRESIDENT pro tem gress and the Department of State. CMr. EASTLAND). pore. The nominations will be stated. He is indeed an extraordinary man, CXXII--1811-Pa.rt 22