August 30, 1976 EXTENS IONS OF R EMAR K S 28427 sent that following the two orders for before the Senate, I move, in accordance (major general, Regular Air Force), U .S. Air the recognition of Senators previously with the previous order, that the Senate Force. entered, the distinguished Senator from stand in recess until the hour of 11 a.m. IN TH E NA VY Vermont (Mr. LEAHY) be recognized for tomorrow. Rear Adm. Alfred J. Whittle, Jr., U .S. Navy, having been designated for commands and not to exceed 5 minutes. The motion was agreed to; and at 5:52 The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without other duties of great importance and respon- p.m., the Senate recessed until tomor- sibility commensurate with the grade of vice objection, it is so ordered. row, Tuesday, August 31, 1976, at 11 a.ra. admiral within the contemplation of title Mr. ALLEN. Will the Senator yield? 10, U nited States Code, section 5231, for Mr. ROBERT C. BYRD. Yes. appointment to the grade of vice admiral Mr. ALLEN. It is understood, is it not, while so serving. NOMINATION that those amendments that are filed in IN TH E A IR FOR CE accordance with the order by 7:30 this Executive nominations received by the A ir Force nominations beginning Robert evening will be treated as having been Senate August 30, 1976: G. B eabout, to be lieutenant colonel, and presented to the Journal clerk as of that AMBAS S ADOR AT LAR GE ending David J. E. Strate, to be lieutenant colonel, which nominations were received by time and in accordance with the require- Graham A . Martin, of North Carolina, a ments of rule XXII? the Senate and appeared in the Congres- Foreign Service Officer of the class of Career sional Record on August 6, 1976. Mr. ROBERT C. BYRD. Yes. Minister, to be an A mbassador at Large to Mr. ALT,F,N For consideration if and serve as the Personal Representative of the IN TH E A R MY when cloture is invoked. President to conduct negotiations on the fu- A rmy nominations beginning Richard L. Mr. ROBERT C. BYRD. Yes. ture political status of the Trust Territory of A bbott, to be first lieutenant, and ending Mr. Ai a- FN. I thank the Senator. the Pacific Islands with the C ongress of K atherine Z immerman, to be first lieuten- Micronesia and other Micronesian leaders. ant, which nominations were received by the Senate and appeared in the Congressional INTER S TATE COMMER CE COMMIS S ION ORDER FOR DIVISION OF TIME Record on August 2, 1976. Richard Gilbert Quick, of Pennsylvania, to IN TH E NA VY TOMORROW be an Interstate Commerce Commissioner Navy nominations beginning Robert J. Mr. ROBERT C. BYRD. Mr. President, for a term of 7 years expiring December 31, 1982, vice K enneth H. Tuggle, resigned. B ackman, to be permanent lieuteant (jg.) at the conclusion of the orders for the and temporary lieutenant, and ending Jona- recognition of Senators tomorrow, the than J. B ridge, to be lieutenant (jg.), which time that remains prior to the expiration nominations were received by the Senate and of the 1 hour under the cloture rule CONFIRMATIONS appeared in the Congressional Record on August 6, 1976. could be divided. Executive nominations confirmed by I, therefore, ask unanimous consent the Senate August 30, 1976: that the remaining time be divided and IN TH E A IR FOR CE WITHDRAWAL controlled by M r. HRUSKA and M r. The following officers to be placed on the Executive nomination withdrawn from ABOUREZK equally. retired list in the grade indicated under the the Senate August 30, 1976: The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without provisions of section 43962, title 10 of the objection, it is so ordered. U nited States Code: INTER S TATE COMMER CE COMMIS S ION lieutenant general Warren B. Rudman, of New Hampshire, to To be be an Interstate Commerce Commissioner Lt. Gen. Donald G. Nunn, xxx-xx-xxxx FR RECESS TO 11 A.M. TOMORROW for a term of 7 years expiring December 31, ( brigadier general, Regular Air Force), 1982, vice K enneth H. Tuggle, resigned, Mr. ROBERT C. BYRD. Mr. President, Air Force. which was sent to the Senate on February 4, if there be no further business to come Lt. Gen. James T. Stewart, xxx-xx-xxxx FR 1976.

EXTENS IONS OF R EMAR K S

THE YU GOSLAV-AMERICAN CLU B spected throughout southern California, Hall, as it is often called, has served as a OF SAN PEDRO reflecting as it does the pride and self- center for community activities ever awareness of the Yugoslav community since, providing a meeting place and hall of San Pedro. for all San Pedro residents. HON. GLENN M. ANDER SON The history of the Yugoslav community Today, comprised of over 700 families, the Yugoslav-American Club of San Pe- OF CALIFOR NIA in Los Angeles goes back as early as 1841, when California was still a Mexican pos- dro is as strong and as active as ever, THE HOU SE OF REPRESENTATIVES IN session. Most owned restaurants or were still embodying the principles upon which Monday, August 30, 1976 merchants; but by 1879 hearty Dalma- it was founded. On December 18, 1926, Mr. ANDERSON of California. Mr. tians were fishing the coast off L os the founders of the club issued a procla- mation which reads in part: Speaker, on May 6, 1926, a small group Angeles. This event represents a new and bright of Yugoslav Americans met in the Point Southern California, with its mild page in the annals of our activities and the Fermin Cafe in San Pedro, Calif. They coastal climate, bears a strong resem- beginning of a fruitful and unified effort for decided to form a club aimed at preserv- blance to the A driatic Coast of Y ugo- the welfare and benefit of all people. We are ing their heritage and at the same time slavia. Soon, the port town of San Pedro leaving behind us a period of insecurity and promoting patriotism as American citi- boasted a growing Slavic community. entering into a new era of manhood, stabil- zens. These were the founding fathers of Yugoslav-Americans were instrumental ity, and work. . . . the Yugoslav-American Club at San Pe- in developing what was to become the . . . T herefore, we call upon all Y ugo- dro: Anton Baraka, Nicholas Baskovich, slays—the Serbs, Croats, and Slovens, to unite greatest fishing fleet on the Pacific Coast. brotherly hearts and to join us in this great Matt Bogdanovich, Steve Franetovich, By the 1920's, San Pedro's Yugoslays undertaking, thus proving by actual deeds Vincent K armelich, Steve Lakich, Joseph comprised a significant portion of the that we are true brothers who are aware of Mardesich, Miho Marinkovich, Jack Mir- our duties and obligations. kovich, James Mirkovich, Justo Pesutich, town's population. May 6, 1926, is re- L uka Sekulich, Sam Simich, Steven membered as the day the Y ugoslav- Mr. Speaker, it is in that spirit that the Stambuk, Marin Suglian, Jack Trudnich, American Club was founded; it was for- members of the Yugoslav-American Club Nick Vilicich, Joseph Yaksitch, and Jo- mally incorporated on November 30, 1927. of San Pedro have contributed to the seph Z okovick. For the first few years, meetings were good of our community. On September 4, 1976, a golden anniversary banquet and T oday, 5 0 years later, the old cafe is held regularly at the Point Ferm in C afe, ball will be held in the clubhouse to cele- still an operating business overlooking but as the club grew, the need for a b rate the 50-year history of the organi- Point Fermin Park and the Pacific Ocean. larger, permanent meeting hall became zation. A nd the Y ugoslav-A merican Club of San apparent. Funds were raised; and on L a- I would like to take this opportunity Pedro has developed into a thriving social bor Day, 1935, the Yugoslav-American to congratulate the Yugoslav-American organization that is well known and re- clubhouse was officially opened. Yugoslav Club of San Pedro on an outstanding and cxxn-1792—Part 22 28428 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS August 30, 1976 productive 50 years of existence, and to congressional district in the Family Life News of New Brunswick, N.J., entitled, wish the club and its many members con­ Movement by the Reverend Finbarr M. "Freedom Train Visit Is History": tinued productivity and good luck in the Corr, Ed.D., director of the Diocese of FREEDOM TRAIN VISIT Is HisTORY future. Paterson, Family Life Bureau, Paterson, (By Dan McCARTHY) N.J. Father Corr and his program com­ NEW BRUNSWICK.-The American Freedom mittee under the cochairmanship of Peg Train's steamdriven locomotive left here last CONGRESSIONAL SALUTE TO THE Murray and Ray Luchko have been bus­ night at about 11 and it will never be the FAMILIES OF AMERICA DURING ily prepared for the celebration of fam­ same again. OUR NATION'S BICENTENNIAL ily day on September 19. Their program Neither will the 35,000 people who either YEAR is, as follows: saw it, climbed into its cab, or clicked off FAMILY DAY, SEPTEMBER 19, 1976, CLIFTON Instamatic pictures, according to David STADIUM, N.J. Christman lli, organizing chairman of the HON. ROBERT A. ROE Raritan Valley Freedom Train Committee. What: A celebration and reaffirmation of OF NEW JERSEY The locomotive puffed its way backward the concept of family-cultural, environ­ some 21 miles up the track to Newark be­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES mental, spiritual and social. cause the Baldwin and Sandford streets site Thursday, August 26, 1976 Why: To help stem the tide of negative was not equipped to turn around the huge -attitudes towards the family unit by gather­ Reading T-1 engine. Mr. ROE. Mr. Speaker, I rise in sup­ ing in unity and purpose, to stand up and Police reported about 600 people were on port of the Family Life Movement which be counted as supporters of family life. hand at 3 a.m. when the display, showcase seeks to provide a forum for the sharing Who: The mothers, fathers and children and maintenance cars were backed up to of New Jersey as well as the extended fam­ Newark-this time, a little less dramatically, of the unique gifts of family tradition ily-business leaders, coilllllunity and gov­ among our people during the celebration by a diesel engine. The locomotive and its ernment leaders, ethnic and fraternal groups cars were reassembled and headed for Beth­ of our Nation's Bicentenntial Year and and their families. * * * And special guest, lehem, Pa., stop No. 109 in the cross-country ask that you and our colleagues here in Mr. Pat Boone. tour. the Congress join with me in supporting When: September 19, 1976 from 12 noon Christman said the Freedom Train takes the following resolution which I have in­ to 4:30p.m. with it some memories of each city in which troduced in the House today: Where: Clifton Stadium, Clifton, N.J. it stops but it gives many more memories Sponsor: The Family Life Board of Gov­ DESIGNATING SEPTEMBER 19 AS "NATIONAL than it gets. ernors and local industrialists who support First, it brought area residents a history FAMILY DAY" DURING THE CELEBRATION OF the family unit as a basic cell of society. OUR NATION'S BICENTENNIAL YEAR lesson they will never have a chance to see Events: Exhibits and displays by local in­ again. Christman said. Second, it proved the Whereas the celebration of the 200th anni­ dustries. city could put on one of the most spectacu­ versary of the birth of our Nation is a time to Announcer, George Meade, WOR Radio. lar Bicentennial shows and third, 35,000 peo­ refiect on the history of our great country Parade of family life supporters into Clif­ ple found they could come to the city and and the good deeds of our people which have ton Stadium. enjoy themselves, he said. placed our representative democracy second Welcoming address by Rev. Charles Gal­ "Middlesex County is on that train. It real­ to none among all nations throughout the lagher. ly started here 200 years ago," Christman world; Entertainment by the West Point Glee said. "I'm only glad that 200 years later we Whereas America has gained its strength Club. could bring it back." and fiber through the tradition of a strong Keynote address and musical celebration There were 45,000 tickets on sale for the family life which has truly enriched the edu­ by Pat Boone, entertainer and family man. train and although only 35,000 people at­ cational, cultural, social and economic well Ecumenical service. tended, the train's stop was a success, Christ­ being of our coilllllunities, states and nation; Join in with Mr. Boone and all the Family man said. Whereas the very basic foundation of our Day participants in a round of songs. He indicated the coilllllittee not only had society in preserving our human values, nur­ to generate ticket sales but also had to moti­ turing our children, developing respect and Mr. Speaker, I am pleased to have the opportunity to submit this resolution vate the public to come to the city. understanding for others, caring for our el­ to "People didn't understand the full mag­ derly and perpetuating our cultural and designate September 19 of our Bicenten­ nitude of the project and now 35,000 know spiritual heritage stems from family life; nial Year as National Family Day. what it meant," Christman said. Whereas our United States of America is · The Freedom Train's stop here was pri­ comprised of family groups from all over the marily the doing of Christman but it took a world, bringing varied expressions of familial FREEDOM TRAIN VISIT IS HISTORY lot more than one man to make it work, he solidarity which have been adopted by our said. people, adding to the quality of our American The cosponsors of the train's visit were way of life; Johnson & Johnson, N.J. Bell Telephone, the Whereas the Family Life Movement in HON. EDWARD J. PATTEN OF NEW JERSEY VIP Club-Hotel, the city of New Brunswick many areas throughout our Nation is cele­ and New Brunswick Tomorrow. brating September 19, 1976 as "Falnily Day" IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES The train also receved the staff support of to celebrate and honor the falnily, which has Monday, August 30, 1976 the Raritan Valley Regional Chamber of contributed in large measure to America's Coilllllerce. evolution as a 200-year-old nation that has Mr. PATTEN. Mr. Speaker, the Ameri­ Bus drivers from United Transportation achieved global preeminence as a shining ex­ can Freedom Train visited New Bruns­ Local 1589, which represents the Suburban ample of a united and compassionate family wick, N.J. recently and conquered the Transit and H.A.ML. bus corporations, do­ which continues to extend a helping hand to nated their time and put together a bus shut­ families in need throughout the world; and hearts of more than 35,000. The famous train came New Bruns­ tle system between the Sears, Roebuck and Whereas it is indeed appropriate to honor to Co. store on Route 1 and the train site. tlle contributions and special place in wick as a Bicentennial project of Ross E. The shuttle ran continuously and was one America of families and those who labor to Rowland, Jr., of Bernardsville, N.J., and of the most successful features of the entire create the wealth and destiny of our country: was enormously popular with those who project, Christman said. Now, therefore, be it resolved by the Senate visited it. It was, to say the least, an ex­ Approximately 85 per cent of the train's and House of Representatives of the United tremely successful project and the citi­ crew was housed for free by the Ramada Inn States of America in Congress assembled, zens of the New Brunswick area are in East Brunswick, Christman said. The cost That September 19 of our Nation's Bicenten­ for the living quarters would have hit $3,000 nial Year be designated as "National Family grateful to him. Another person, however, deserves he noted. Day" and the President of the United States Last night's peak period had a line 1,200 is authorized and requested to issue a proc­ great credit for the remarkable success feet long and five people deep. Christman lamation calling upon the people of the of the Freedom Train-David Christman said. Fifteen thousand people entered the United States to observe that day to reflect Ill, organizing chairman of the Raritan 10 display cars depicting people, inventions upon and reaffirm our belief in family life, Valley Freedom Train Committee. He and events from every decade of America's demonstrate our support for the concepts of worked very hard on the project, dedi­ 200 years. family life and provide a forum for the shar­ cating himself completely. Dave Christ­ After the train's three-day stopover in ing of the cherished values of our heritage man's :fine leadership help make the visit Bethlehem, it will head back to New Jersey and the unique gifts of falnily tradition for stops in Trenton, Aug. 30-Sept. 1, As­ amongst all of our people. of the Freedom Train memorable, so I commend both Mr. Rowland and Dave bury Park, Sept. 2-6, and Atlantic City, Mr. Speaker, may I particularly com­ Sept. 8-10. for their contributions-in time, patriot­ The train will end its 21,000-mile, eight­ mend to you and our colleagues the out­ ism, and enthusiasm. state journey on Dec. 31 in Miamt. standing work being carried on in my I hereby insert an article in the Home The Freedom Train is the Bicentennial August 30, 1976 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 28429 project of millionaire Ross E. Rowland Jr. trading countries essential to U.S. well-being Illinois State Senate, U.S. District Court of Bernardsv1lle. and security. It has a steadily expanding Judge Wllliam J. Lynch, died recently in The red, white and blue, 26-car train lum­ Gross National Product, now at the level of Chicago. bered out of Alexandria, Va., on March 28, about $15 billion annually. Its present an­ 1975 "to touch as many lives as possible nual foreign trade of about $12 b1llion is As a leading Chicago lawyer, as a law­ with this dramatic portrayal or American more than that of all of mainland China.. maker and able minority leader of the achievement in the past 200 years." Its trade with the United States is several lliinois State Senate during the years times that of mainland China. It also main­ when I served as a State Senator in tains well-trained and equipped armed forces, Springfield, lll., Judge Lynch demon­ UNITED STATES SHOULD NOT about 500,000 strong, thus making a major strated skill and dedication to the party ABANDON TAIWAN contribution to the security of the East and interests he represented. Asian island chain stretching from Japan to Indonesia, on which depend U.S. strategic Mr. Speaker, in addition to his ready defense of the West Pacific and protection grasp of legal, legislative, and political HON. LARRY McDONALD of the vital shipping lanes on the periphery problems. Judge Lynch was skilled in OF GEORGIA of all of Asia. public debate and was an astute stl·ate­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES "The United States cannot give any kind gist on the political scene. Never at a loss Monday, August 30, 1976 of credible security assurance to Taiwan once for words, Judge Lynch was always pre­ we have formally recognized it to be legally pared with an appropriate repertoire. He Mr. McDONALD. Mr. Speaker, Ray S. a province-a subordinate part--of another was articulate and, on occasion, likewise Cline, formerly Deputy Director of the state. If we withdraw formal recognition of Taiwan as an independent political entity. eloquent. Central Intelligence Agency and cur­ Mr. Speaker, in addition to these per­ rently director of studies at Georgetown despite the fact it is now a state in every normal meaning of the word, our solemn sonal and professional qualities demon­ University's Center for Strategic and In­ treaty with it will have been unilaterally strated by the late Judge Lynch, he was ternational Studies, has written an excel­ abrogated and we will invite a chain of simi­ at all times a most friendly individual lent article explaining why we should lar opportunistic capitulations to Peking. and one whom I always regarded as a maintain our commitments to the Re­ "This act of ours would make Taiwan the close personal friend throughout his public of China. Entitled "U.S. Should only country of any consequence in the world to be· denied formal diplomatic ties to the lifetime. Not Abandon Taiwan," it appeared in the Mr. Speaker. I join wit::t the countless August 29, 1976, issue of the Baltimore main members of the international com­ munity of nations. It would surely be viewed others who are honoring his memory, in­ Sun. as disgraceful and rather frightening in the cluding my colleagues who at this time In light of the escalating campaign in eyes of other small nations for the United are paying tribute to a man of great tal­ favor of recognizing Red China and States to do this solely to satisfy the rival ent and service, U.S. District Judge Wil­ abandoning Taiwan, I would like to bring political claims of another state, however liam J. Lynch. this article to the attention of my col­ large and powerful. At this time I extend my deepest sym­ leagues. "Despite these facts there now appears to be a quiet but concerted move by State De­ pathy to Judge Lynch's sisters, Mrs. An­ The article follows: namay Molloy and Margaret Lynch, and U.S. SHOULD NOT ABANDON TAIWAN partment officials to redeem former Presi­ dent Nixon's and Henry A. Kissinger's im­ to other members of the family. "A campaign has been mounted recently in plicit promises to Mao Tse-tung, the Chinese the United States in favor of establishing full Community party chairman, and the recently diplomatic relations with the People's Re­ deceased Premier Chou En-Lai. Tiley are TO SET THE RECORD STRAIGHT public of China and breaking off the long­ supported by sinologists anxious to be ad­ standing U.S. relationship with the Republic mitted to the ancient seats of Chinese cul­ of China, the non-Communist state on the ture on the mainland, and by journalists HON. THOMAS J. DOWNEY island of Taiwan. This proposal, which auto­ representing news media which are hoping OF NEW YORK matically would abrogate the formal Mutual to get bureaus opened in Peking. Tiley are L THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Defense Treaty of 1954 between the United also urged on by anti-Soviet geopoliticians States and the Republic of China., is justified who believe, naively I am afraid, that we can Monday, August 30, 1976 by its proponents simply on grounds that manipulate the vast disordered society of Mr. DOWNEY of New York. Mr. Peking demands it--that is, requires that the mainland China against the U.S.S.R. These United States give up its present links to groups constitute the new China lobby, which Speaker, the administration is keeping Taiwan as the price for raising its liaison is agitating to extend diplomatic recognition its fingers crossed these days, hoping that office in Peking to the status of an embassy. to the People•s Republic (Peking) and to then· dreams of an early end to the busi­ "Peking's demand, and the U.S. campaign withdraw it from the Republic of China ness lull will come true. Business Week in favor of acquiescence, raise grave problems (Taiwan). of morality and political strategy to which points out in its latest issue--September "This proposal to betray a reliable ally of 6, at page 12-that economists "have Americans ought to give serious thought. To many years standing 1s justtfied by some please Peking, are we entitled to discontinue been pinning their faith on a huge gain our support of Nationalist China and let it proponents as fulfilling a tacit, implicit in personal income that will lead con­ become highly vulnerable to pressures that pledge in the Shanghai communique of Feb­ ruary, 1972, a document of no formal legal sumers to end their doubts about the eventually will bring it into line as part of future." The article notes that a strong the mainland dictatorship? Especially, we standing signed by then-Premier Chou, now dead, and Mr. Nixon, ousted from the White rise in personal income in July which, must ask, can we justify this step even barring a sharp increase in savings, will though Taiwan's 16 million citizens are House 18 months after the signing. Why united in wanting to keep their open society, secret understandings reached by these two result in a boom in retail sales. representative government, elected leaders, men four years ago could possibly require As we give thanks for the blessings of internationally oriented free-trading econ­ the United States to do something now increased retail sales which are about to omy, and standard of living about three plainly contrary to its interests in East Asia befall us, let us give thanks to the source times higher than that in mainland China? is something that cannot be explained. .. Tile Republic of China is a political en­ of our new bounty. According to Busi­ It bodes ill for standards of decency in inter­ tity of some consequence, and its existence ness Week, of the $13.9 billion gain in national relations. as well as for stability in income, some $5.7 billion came from East Asia, if we answer 'yes' to these ques­ cannot be cavalierly disregarded in a rush to tions. ingratiate ourselves with the politically higher transfer payments, including vet­ "From President Eisenhowe1··s day in the troubled regime of the failing Chairman erans benefits and social security pay­ 1950's until now, U.S. support of the devel­ Mao.... " ments-payments made only at the in­ opment of a free Chinese society in the Re­ sistence of a Democratic Congress. public of China and U.S. guarantees of the The Republicans' inability to manage defense of Taiwan have maintained strategic TRIBUTE TO FEDERAL JUDGE the national economy is exceeded only by stability and peace in Northeast Asia. As a their ingratitude. result, remarkable strides toward economic WilLIAM J. LYNCH and political strength have been made, not Prediction: The administration will only by Japan, the major country in the area direct the Federal Reserve Board to res­ allied with the United States, but also by HON. ROBERT MrCLORY cue them again by artificially stimulating the smaller nations of South Korea and the OF n.LINOIS the economy this fall to provide the GOP Republic of China. It is hard to see how the IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES with a little political capital in Novem­ United States can gain by disrupting this Monday, August 30, 1976 ber. For the record, the money supply stability. increased at a rate of 10.3 percent last "Tile Republic of China has a modern so­ Mr. McCLORY. Mr. Speaker, a long­ month, compared to 4.7 over the past ciety firmly linked with the international time friend and former colleague in the year. 28430 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS- August 30, 1976 AUTO EMISSION CONTROLS AND and a summary of the key issues in this field unavoidably drawn between California's FUEL ECONOMY: THE CALIFORNIA which have been addressed by the Subcom­ standards and the federal standards, par­ EXAMPLE mittee on Air Quality. ticularly when that difference in standards BACKGROUND results in different price levels of cars sold in California and different fuel economy levels. Since the early 1960's, California ha~ been a pioneer in the setting of emission stand­ The penalties suffered by California motorists HON. GEORGE E. BROWN, JR. have been exacerbated by the reluctance of OF CALIFORNIA ards and in the development of widely used test procedures for measuring emissions the federal government to follow California's IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES from new motor vehicles. This leadership lead in the application of strict motor vehicle emission standards. Thus, what has resulted Monday, August 30, 1976 prompted the federal government in the pas­ sage of the 1970 Clean Air Act to specifically in the last several years has been a "two-car Mr. BROWN of California. Mr. exempt California from the preemption on strategy" whereby the manufacturers build Speaker, as the time for decision on Fed­ states setting their own motor vehicle emis­ one line of cars for sale in the forty-nine eral automobile emission standards ap­ sion standards. As a result, California is the states and another car for sale in California. only state permitted to establlsh emission This practice enables automakers to increase proaches, the misinformation from the the cost of California cars by charging extra supporters of the automobile industry standards for new motor vehicles which are more stringent than those of the federal for emission controls, which if applied na­ grows. I do not know how many times government. tionwide would cost much less. and how many ways this needs to be This authority to set more stringent stand­ In an effort to keep the Legislature more done, but I feel compelled to again rebut ards has been used extensively by the Air apprised of the various elements of these im­ the claims that automobile emission con­ Resources Board in an effort to make new portant issues, the Subcommittee on Air trols are responsible for losses in fuel motor vehicles sold in California as clean as Quality, under the Assembly Transportation economy, among other things. possible, owing to the tremendous air quality Committee, has spent a great deal of time problems in the urban areas of the state. For evaluating the issues surrounding the 1977 The fact is that cars in California al­ emission standards as well as the more com­ ready meet emission standards which are example, the California Air Resources Board has set more stringent California standards plex issues involved in the State's policies more stringent than those proposed by for new motor vehicles in the '74, '75, '76, and versus those of the federal government. As any of the amendments, including the '77 model years. In each of these model years, part of this study process, members of the Waxman-Maguire amendment, between California standards have been significantly Subcommittee on Air Quality and the As­ now and 1980. This fact alone has under­ more stringent than the federal government's sembly Transportation Committee went to mined a favorite old argument by Detroit, and as a result, emission control technology Washington, D.C. and Detroit in the Fall of which later appeared on a nationwide basis 1975 to meet with congressional and agency mainly that the technology is not avail­ officials, as well as emission control scientists able. With the old standby argument has appeared first in California. Moreover, California cars in the last five years are, on of the three major auto companies. The pur­ gone, the auto industry has continued its the whole, significantly cleaner than similar pose of the trip was, in addition to fact-find­ exploitation of the fuel economy issue in model year cars sold in the other forty-nine ing, to establish a dialogue between federal order to pick up votes for further delay. states. Thus, it can be demonstrated that officials responsible for setting emission con­ This tactic is used despite the fact that California's stringent policy on motor vehicle trol policies and the "Big Three" auto makers fuel economy and emission controls are emissions has led to major technological so that the Legislature might become in­ not directly related. breakthroughs in emission control technology formed of future regulatory policies and pro­ as well as significantly cleaner automobiles. jected improvements in emission control California has faced these same prob­ technology. lems, and decided to continue to enforce As an indication, the Air Resources Board estimates that by 1980, the total contribution In addition, the Transportation Committee the auto emission standards that are nec­ of motor vehicles to overall pollution levels held two days of interim hearings in Novem­ essary to protect the public health. This will be less than 50 %, down from 90% in ber of 1975 to evaluate the whole emission effort to enforce controls has been bi­ 1970. control/fuel economy equation for the short term, and to evaluate the alternative tech­ partisan, and quite effective. CONTROVERSY OVER CALIFORNIA'S 1977 A short, descriptive paper on the Cali­ nologies which might be available to meet our STANDARDS long term fuel economy and air quality needs. fornia experience was recently prepared, Since early 1975, there has been consider­ Transcripts of those hearings are available and, due to its relevance to the debate in able discussion regarding California's pro­ from the Subcommittee and are very inform­ Congress, is being included in the RECORD posed 1977 emission standards. The con­ ative in terms of identifying the range of today. I urge all my colleagues who are troversy has centered on the amount of opinion at that point in time. interested in this subject to review this emission control which would be achieved, In recent months, attention has shifted very relevant material. In addition, I the amount of the fuel penalty which would from whether or not the '77 standards should wish to include a letter from the mem­ be suffered, and the additional costs which be set to how those standards will be met, might be engendered by the more stringent since after the hearings in November of 1975 bers of the Permanent Subcommittee on 1977 standards. During most of 1975, the the Committee saw no justification for statu­ Air Quality on the specific auto emission standards were the subject of a great deal of torily overruling the Air Resources Board's amendments before us. discussion, particularly among members of decision to set the 1977 standards. Neverthe­ The material follows: the Legislature and various interest groups. less, there was a great deal of uncertainty re­ ASSEMBLY, CALIFORNIA LEGISLATURE, In addition to the feeling of panic which garding the danger of excessive fuel economy PERMANENT SUBCOMMITTEE ON gripped the auto industry during the recent penalties and price impacts reducing the sale Am QUALITY, recession, one of the key reasons for the high of new cars in California. The sales issue is Sacramento, Calif., August 27, 1976. level of controversy surrounding the '77 particularly crucial because the overall health Memo: to Members of the Legislature. standards is that the federal government has of the auto industry is of obvious importance From: Assemblyman Victor Calvo, Chairman. for the last three or four years adopted a when considering continued tightening of Subject: Perspectives on automotive fuel much slower progression towards the statu­ emission standards. New car dealers and economy and emissions control. tory emission standards originally mandated union officials were particularly concerned This is the first in a series of periodic re­ by Congress in 1970. As a result, the 1977 that in California's zeal to establish the ports to the Legislature on key air quality standards set by California were the most toughest standards in the country, it was issues. A continuing effort will be made to ambitious emission controls ever mandated running the risk of reducing the overall sales better inform members of the Legislature of by any government age_ncy and served to un­ of new cars, thereby keeping more dirty cars the current trends in air pollution policy. derline the difference in policy between Cali­ on the road. In recent months, there has been a great fornia and the federal government. You will recall that during 1974 and 1975, deal of discussion regarding California's pol­ The rationale for California's action in the auto industry suffered the greatest de­ icies on new motor vehicle emission stand­ setting the stringent 1977 standards was two­ cline in sales since the depression and since ards, as well as the relationship between Cali­ fold. First, that the additional hyrocarbon that time, sales and profits have rebounded, fornia and federal emission control policies. control provided by the 1977 standards was exceeding pre-1975 levels. Thus, it appears The Subcommittee on Air Quality has heard essential to reduce ozone levels in the urban that the sales issue is, for the meantime, numerous bills, held workshops and interim areas of the state. Second, that a more much less significant than it was during 1975. hearings involving technical experts, and its stringent oxides of nitrogen standard was Nevertheless, the Committee was concerned members have communicated on a regular necessary in order to force the development about possible fuel economy penalties and basis with officials of the California Air Ij.e­ of improved emission control technology, particularly the impact these could have on sources Board, the Federal Environmental since EPA had authorized continued delays overall consumer confidence and the political Protection Agency, the auto industry, and which had reduced the incentive for research support for California's tough emission members of Congress. and development of NOx control technology. standards policy. The following is a discussion of where we Although clearly California is entitled to Partly as the result of the concerns ex­ have been and where we hope to be going in set its own policies and directions with re­ pressed by members of the Subcommittee, the automotive emission control in California, gard to emission controls, comparisons are Air Resources Board held a series of work- August 30, 1976 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 28431 shops with auto industry officials, dealer rep­ fornia's position on the 1977 standards is re­ forced by a tough regulatory policy on new resentatives and union otficials in an effort to flective of the auto industry's great concern car emissiQn controls. insure that the 1977 standards would notre­ with the pace which California sets. While the foregoing discussion is no doubt sult in excessive fuel penalties and a loss of Fortunately since 1970 California standards longer and more involved than is desirable for consumer confidence. As a result of these have been set by the Air Resources Board maximum impact, I am sure you appreciate meetings, the Air Resources Board made a which has shown under two quite d11Ierent the difficulty of condensing the many tech­ lit tle noticed but very significant change in administrations its ability to withstand auto nical details and policy issues associated with the test procedure for the certification test­ industry pressure. It is clear that if Cali­ California's automotive control program. I ing of new cars to be sold in California. The fornia sets tougher standards than the fed­ hope the information is useful, and I would effect of the change in the test procedure eral government and shows that those stand­ appreciate any comments on this type of was to make the standards easier to meet and, ards can be met with a minimum of increased issue analysis and any suggestions for future as a result, reduced the projected fuel pen­ cost and an acceptable fuel penalty that there topics. alty and some of the drivability problems is going to be an increase in the pressure As a final note, t h e Assembly Transporta­ associated with the more stringent 1977 on the federal government to apply these tion Committee is holding an interim hear­ s tandards. This compromise was worked out st andards and this technology nationwide. Ing on automotive fuel economy and emission without a great deal of acrimony and with a Therefore their concern with the California system warranties on October 6, 1976, in full sense of cooperation between the indus­ standards is not just for the California mar­ Riverside. I would urge all interested mem­ try and the Air Resources Board, the dealers, ket but for the example that can be set for bers to join us for what I believe will be a and the union officials. the rest of the country. most interesting and informative hearing. THE CATALYTIC CONVERTER AND FUEL ECONOMY SIGNIFICANCE OF VOLVO "BREAKTHROUGH" In the 1975 model year, California set the The auto industry has been very success­ AsSEMBLY, CALIFORNIA most stringent emission standards which had ful in promulgating the theory that as emis­ LEGISLATURE, ever existed up to that time, and partially as sion st andards get tighter fuel economy gets PERMANENT SUBCOMMITTEE ON a result, there was the widespread application worse. The auto industry's concern with fuel Am QuALrrY, in California of the catalytic converter. Al­ economy has perfectly coincided with rising Sacramento, Calif., June 1, 1976. though the auto makers had resisted intro­ public recognition of the energy crisis and Han . GEORGE BROWN, duction of the catalyst on the grounds that the shortage of petroleum fuels. As discussed Member of Congress, it would be too expensive and would reduce above this concern with fuel economy was the Washington, D .a. fuel economy, it, nevertheless, has been their key argument in the debate surrounding the DEAR CONGRESSMAN BROWN: As members of favorite technology for achieving low levels 1977 standards. One must note that in mid- the California State Assembly Subcommittee of emissions. Part of the reason for this was 1976 the Air Resources Board announced that on Air Quality, we would like to address a that the catalyst does not involve expensive the Volvo Company had developed a three­ very important matter which will soon be retooling and, therefore, can be applied very way catalyst for sale in California in 1977. A considered on the floor of the House-the cheaply from the auto industry's point of three-way catalyst as used by Volvo again 1976 amendments to The Clean Air Act. view, since added costs can be passed on im­ turns the industry's theory on the emission While several provisions of the legislation mediately to the consumer. standards upside down. Th e 1977 Volvo cars are of specific interest to Californians, we The results on 1975 California cars were are expected to meet the toughest standards are particularly concerned with the proposed conclusive enough to demonstrate to the auto ever envisioned by any governmental agency, delay in automobile emission standards. We makers that they could achieve up to a 15 to those being the ultimate statutory standards believe the decision of the House Commerce 20 % increase in fuel economy with a catalyst. set by Congress in 1970. In preliminary test­ Committee to freeze emission standards at As a result, even though the 1975 and '76 fed­ ing, Volvo met these st andards and exhibited present levels for three years is a poor one eral standards were considerably less strin­ better fuel economy than Volvo's 1976 forty­ and in addition to its obvious impact on gent than California's and would not nor­ nine state cars. Thus, we again seem to have urban air quality in other states, could have mally require the use of a catalyst, most do­ a situation where we are achieving greater a damagin g impact on California's clean air mestic manufacturers chose to install cata­ fuel economy and meeting tougher emission efforts. lysts on almost all of their 1976 "forty-nine standards. Attached please find a technical As you are no doubt aware, California has state" cars because of the fuel economy ad­ report by the Air Resources Board on the been a pioneer state in cleaning up automo­ vantage. So here we have the prime example Volvo developments. bile einissions. For the past several years, of a more stringent emission standard causing Surprisingly, the three-way catalyst is not California's tough policy on emissions control the introduction of a new technology and the only technological improvement which has led to important breakthroughs in auto­ then that new technology being applied na­ has been accelerated by California's stand­ motive technology. Yet, because federal tionwide to improve fuel economy. ards. General Motors has recently announced standards have frequently been less stringent, When the catalytic converter was first in­ the introduction of an electronic spark tim­ Californians have served as guinea pigs for troduced, there were initial reports of a fire ing system for the 1977 model year, and the rest of the nation, with new einission hazard associated with the device. These re­ Pontiac wlll introduce two new engines that control devices in many instances receiving ports received tremendous coverage in the provide high levels of econQmy and perform­ their first large-scale test on California cars. press and prompted a year-long investigation ance, while meeting stringent emission In addition to trying out Detroit's new tech­ of catalysts by an interagency task force, standards. nology, Californians have also suffered some composed of the State Fire Marshal, the Divi­ Thus, it seems clear that California's 1977 economy penalties, which, although relatively sion of Forestry, the Highway Patrol and the standards were a good risk and have not only modest, are irritating to our citizens when Air Resources Board. The report found that achieved positive air quality benefits but they learn that 49-state cars get better mile­ catalyst-equipped cars posed no significant have also advanced autQmotive technology age and cost less to buy. increase in fire hazards compared to non­ faster than had been thought possible. However, these sacrifices have yielded im­ catalyst cars, but recommended a more vigor­ RECENT ACTIVITIES OF THE SUCCOMMITTEE ON pressive results in California's struggle for ous approach to the prevention of vehicle Am QUALrrY clean air. By 1980, when many more cleaner fires in general. cars wlll be on the road, we estimate that As mentioned earlier, there is a great deal auto emissions will be responsible for less DYNAMICS OF CALIFORNIA AND FEDERAL CONTROL of debate in the Congress over the amend­ POLICIES than 55 % of total air pollutants in Cali­ ments to The Clean Air Act. Following the fornia, down from 90 % just a few years ago. Since California has pretty much been decision of the House Commerce Committee Perhaps of equal importance is the fact alone in trying to set a fast pace in the area to freeze federal emission standards at pres­ that 1975 and 1976 model Ce.lifornia cars of emission control, the pressure on the auto ent levels of three years the Subcommittee had to meet the most stringent emission industry has not been uniform, and Detroit on Air Quality wrote a letter to the California standards in the nation's history, yet fuel seems happy with its "two-car strategy" and congressional delegation urging CQngress to economy was up 15% in 1975, and an addi­ an increasing gap between California and fed­ reverse the decision of the Commerce Com­ tional 9 % in 1976, on a sales-weighted aver­ eral standards. Detroit has not been able to mittee and to pursue stringent nationwide age. Moreover, preliminary data received by convince California to adopt a slower pace, emission standards at a more rapid pace. A the California Air Resources Board suggest but it has convinced the federal gavernment copy of the letter is attached for your review. that 1977 models, which must meet even on numerous occasions to defer, to relax, and It was originally thought that The Clean tougher standards, are nevertheless expected to basically allow a longer time frame for Air Act amendments would be voted out of to achieve slight fuel economy improvements achievement of emission standards and de­ the House by the end of June; however, while over their 1976 counterparts. Thus, Cali­ velopment of emission control technology. the Senate has already voted on Clean Air Act fornia's experience with strong emission con­ As a result of this slackening of the federal amendments, a vote in the House is not ex­ trols conclusively shows that emissions can effort, attention ht\5 been drawn to the slight pected until late August. I think it is im­ be reduced without sacrificing fuel economy. California fuel penalty and the increased cost portant that California continue to not only While we are confident that our stringent of cars 1n California.. Since the federal gov­ make its voice known on federal policy but emission control program can continue to ernment and the Congress have been con­ also to demonstrate to the Congress the force major improvements 1n automotive tained by the auto industry, the lobbying e!­ progress that has been made and the kinds techology, we are also greatly concerned that f'ort that was put on to try and reverse Call- of breakt hroughs that we believe can be Congress may unwittingly contribute to a. 28432 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS August 30, 1976 "divide and conquer" strategy if the Com­ strong, and I believe that it will make 1975, the number of violent crimes-=-mur­ merce Committee's 3-year freeze is allowed to the streets of my district safer. ders, rapes, robberies, assaults and burgla­ stand. At present, 1976-77 49-state cars will The article follows: ries-fell more than 17% in the first five have to meet standards which were already months of 1976. met in California three years ago. Under the [From the Wall Street Journal, Aug. 19, 1976] However, a 28% leap in larcenies, largely Commerce Committee's proposal standards EXPERIMENTAL PROGRAM MUSTERS LEGAL reflecting a wave of citizens band radio which will be successfully met in California FORCES AGAINST REPEAT OFFENDERS To thefts, has pushed Columbus' overall seri­ in 1977 will not be required in the 49 states BoOST CONVICTIONS ous-crime index up 4 % during the period. until 1981. This widening of the gap between (By Timothy D. Schellhardt) In New Orleans, where a similar project California and federal standards is clearly in­ COLUMBUS, 0HIO.-Assistant Franklin is underway, the serious crime rate fell 8 % advisable. California has, despite the indus­ County Prosecutor Mike Miller suspected in the first six months of the year. There try's resistance, forced the development of that Myron Britton Jr. had committed more also have been reductions in other cities new technology, but if this new technology assaults than the rape and attempted rape trying the experiment. And in most of the cities, conviction rates have climbed and the is not quickly applied nationwide, there is a with which he'd b~n charged. Both victims danger that the added costs will unfairly be had been tied with an unusual knot, and by length of sentences has increased. borne by Californians. checking files of unsolved rapes, the prose­ BOON FOR PROSECUTORS We believe Congressmen Henry Waxman of cutor uncovered two other cases involving a In addition, prosecutors aren't watering California and Andrew Maguire of New Jer­ similar knot. down charges in an attempt to obtain guilty sey have come_ up with a sensible coinpro­ At a trial last December, an expert brought pleas. Last year, according to Mr. Cohen's mise. What they propose is t hat the standards in by :Mr. Miller testified that the knot data, 86 % of the career criminal convictions which California cars are meeting today be wasn't very common. Aided by that testi­ were for the most serious felony with which applied nationally in 1978, and that the statu­ mony, the jury found the 32-year-old ex­ a defendant was originally charged. In con­ tory standards, which were originally in­ convict guilty of all four assaUlts; he subse­ trast, he notes that in Los Angeles County, tended to be met in 1975, be met in 1980. quently was sentenced to a Ininimum of 24 which doesn't have such a program, the California woUld still be out in front, but not years in prison. comparable figure was 29%. so much as to leave us vulnerable to manipu­ "In 1965 when I came here we didn't win The $240,000-a-year project here in Frank­ lation by Detroit. rape cases," says County Prosecutor George lin County has provided federal funds to we believe the record in California. clearly Smith. "But I don't know of a rape case pay the salaries of five assistant prosecutors, provides a simple lesson: If Detroit is given we've lost recently." two investigators and other personnel in a a tough standard with no way out, that At a time when the nation appears to special career criminal unit. The five lawyers standard will be met. We strongly urge you be losing its battle to reduce the spiraling were switched from other duties on the to support the Waxman/ Maguire amendment crime rate, a year-old federally funded ex­ county's prosecuting staff which was then to The Clean Air Act. periment in this staoo capital is holding out reinforced with three attorneys hired with Sincerely, some hope that crime can be reduced. The regUlar county funds. Assemblyman VICTOR CALVO, project, similar to ones underway in 17 The federal money means, among other Chairman. other major U.S. cities, seeks to identi.fy ha­ things, that each of the five assistant prose­ Assemblyman FRANK LANTERMAN. bitual, or so-called "career" criminaLc;, to cutors in the career criininal unit has a Assemblyman MicHAEL WoRNUM. prosecute them speedily and to sock them much lighter caseload-two or three cases u. Assemblyman WALTER INGALLS. with the longest possible prison sentences. week-than each of the other 43 staff prose­ Prosecutor Smith contends that without the cutors, who must handle eight or nine cases help of this project, his assistant woUldn't a week. The reduced workload enables the have had the time to spend on the knot­ five attorneys to prepare their cases more CAREER CRIMINAL PROGRAMS rapist case and the defendant likely would carefully. have received a much lighter sentence. "We can go to the mat on a case because Some critics of the new program charge we know it well and are confident we can HON. ROMANO L. MAZZOLI that it may jeopardize the constitutional win it," says Prosecutor Smith. "Further­ OF KENTUCKY rights of criminal defendants by labeling more, defense attorneys know we're not apt them as repeaters. Some also feel that poor to baragin down charges to Ininor offenses." IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES defendants who can't afford to hire their Also, u. prosecutor generally sticks with a Monday, August 30, 1976 own lawyers get an especially raw deal be­ career criminal case from start to finish, cause extra funds are being pumped into handling all pleas and motions prior to trial Mr. MAZZOLI. Mr. Speaker, violent prosecutors' offices. Even the critics how­ as well as prosecuting the case. This ena­ street crime has become one of the most ever, concede that the program appears to bles a prosecutor to work more closely with serious problems facing urban America. be attaining many of its goals. police, victims oand witnesses. While we must address the root causes SHRINKING CRIME RATE "We can build up some rapport with vic­ of crime problem: unemployment: ero­ tims and witnesses. They don't feel they're The new emphasis on pursuing the ca­ being tossed from one attorney to another. sion of the role of the family; and, reer lawbreaker results from a belief that if That's especially helpful to rape victims," erosion of society's sense of morality, authorities can corral the sizable group of says Assistant Prosecutor Dan Hunt. we must also meet the problem head on. hard-core offenders and lock them up for a The career criinina.l unit is able to speed we must deter the potential criminal long time, it will do a lot to shrink the crime up its cases, often shaving 30 to 60 days off from committing the crime in the first rate. the normal period from arrest to conviction, place. Studies suggest that between 50% and by bypassing the preliminary hearing for To deter the career criminal we must 80 % of many serious offenses are committed defendants. Instead, attorneys in the unit by repeaters. In Washington, D.C., for in­ see to it that their cases go directly to a promise him that when he is a=res~ed stance, repeaters committed 56% of the fel­ grand jury for possible indictment. he will receive swift and certain JUStice. onies reported in a recent five-year period. FREEING BEST ATTORNEYS Then we must make our promise stick. Almost one-fourth of the felonies were com­ In a recent study of felonies com­ mitted by persons who had been arrested at Defense attorneys here acknowledge that least four times during that period, says the the special unit is working. "It has freed up mitted in the District of Columbia it was some of the prosecutor's best attorneys," found that 7 percent of the criminals Institute for Law and Social Research in Washington. says Timothy Gerrity, a. Columbus attorney committed 25 percent of the felonies. Ex­ who defends some of the accused repeat of­ perts believe that this pattern would be "Our aim is to put a Band-Aid on a spot fenders. ;,They seem better prepared and found in any major city. that's hurting," asserts Philip Cohen, execu­ tougher in the courtroom. As a resUlt, tive director of the National Legal Data Cen­ they're getting more convictions." Unfortunately, the prosecutor's offices ter, a Los Angeles-based research firm in most cities are so overburdened that The average sentence of defendants con­ which is monitoring the career criminal victed under the Columbus program has two attorneys in the same office might projects. "We want to identify the habitual been eight years, which is more than twice be prosecuting the same man for iliffer­ criminal quickly, prosecute him quickly and the length of a typical felony sentence here. ent offenses and never know it. put him away quickly. That can be done Officials believe the average sentence would As the following article shows, this without any damage to the constitutional be much higher if Ohio had a multiple-of­ safeguards of the accused. The Constitution, fender statute that would provide stiffer problem can be met, and the career remember, doesn't prohibit a. speedy trial." criminal given a swift trial with enough sentences for habitual criminals. Average Federal officials consider it too early to sentences have been much higher in those prosecutorial resources to insure a good judge the full impact of the habitual of­ cities with career criminal projects that are chance of conviction followed by a stiff fender projects. But in Columbus, and sev­ located in states having such laws. In the sentence. My home of Louisville has re­ eral other cities, initial statistics suggest first year of the New Orleans program, for cently set up a career criminal program there has been some slowing of the crime example, the average sentence was 16.4 under the able leadership of our Com­ rate. In Columbus, where the number of se­ years. monwealth's attorney, Dr. David Arm- rious crimes rose 62% between 1973 and The chances of going to prison if convicted August 30, 1976 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 28433 under the program are extremely high. Dur­ ANDRO PUCIN AMERICAN-CROA­ Cultural Center, indicates a community ing the first three months of this year, all of TIAN CULTURAL CENTER TO BE spirit and a sense of self-worth that the convicted career criminals in Columbus, DEDICATED should serve as an example to everyone. Dallas, Kalamazoo and Indianapolls received Constructive activity in the present, prison terms. In Columbus, during the first based on our understanding and pride in nine months of the program, the special unit HON. ROBERT McCLORY the past, should clearly be the goal of all obtained convictions in 156 of the 162 cases OF n.LINOIS that went to trial, a 96% rate compared with Americans in this Bicentennial Year. an 80% rate for other felony cases. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES While the career-criminal projects across Monday, August 30, 1976 the U.S. have won considerable support, they aren't without critics. Many public defense Mr. Mct;LORY. Mr. Speaker, as many OPPOSITION TO BLANKET attorneys worry that labeling defendants as have observed, America is truly a nation PARDONS WIDESPREAD career criminals jeopardizes their constitu­ of immigrants. Perhaps the most re­ tional rights. Franklin County Public De­ markable achievement in our great ex­ fender James Kura specifically attacks the periment with democracy has been our HON. BUD SHUSTER practice here of identifying such cases on the ability to blend our diverse cultures into court's docket with the initials "CCR" beside OF PENNSYLVANIA them. "What you're saying to the court is, a nation that has become the acknowl­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES 'Here's a. red light; treat this person differ­ edged leader of the free world. ently, • " he says. "The presumption of inno­ But the success of our nationhood has Monday, August 30, 1976 cence until proven guilty fades away." not meant that we have forgotten our Mr. SHUSTER. Mr. Speaker, wide­ Mr. Kura adds, however, tha..t so far he roots. Indeed, in our Bicentennial Year, spread opposition exists to blanket par­ can't prove that the labeling has affected Americans have looked more closely at dons for Vietnam draftdodgers as pro­ judges. Judges here insist it hasn't. "Cer­ the past, and have made special efforts posed by Democratic Presidential candi­ tainly not," declares County Judge Frederick to celebrate their national origins. T. Williams. Still, Mr. Kura. plans to ask that date Jimmy Carter last week. the labeling practice be banned. Mr. Speaker, a striking example of An excellent editorial on the subject Other complaints also have arisen. In such an effort is taking place in my own appeared in the Chambersburg Public Boston, attorneys formally objected in court 13th Congressional District in Illinois. Opinion, a daily newspaper in my con­ to the prosecution of one of their cllents by On September 4, the new American­ gressional district. I commend it to my the local career criminal unit, claiming that Croatian Cultural Center in North Chi­ colleagues. the client didn't meet the selection criteria. cago will be dedicated. This important The article follows: of the unit. The court rejected that motion. event for both Croatian Americans and Similar complaints have come from lawyers OPPOSITION AND PENALTY in Detroit and San Diego. the entire North Chicago-Waukegan The question of pardons or amnesty, Public defense attorneys also contend that community takes place after years of whichever term you prefer, for Vietnam war the government is harming the legal rights of dedication and hard work. This group, draft evaders is back in the headlines as a some impoverished defendants by pumping which began in 1972 with kolo dance les­ presidential campaign issue. funds into the prosecution of their cases. sons in the garage of Don and Julie Jimmy Carter has said he would issu e a Mr. Kura, for one, became so incensed by Weakley, has now expanded to include "blanket pardon" to the draft law violators Prosecutor's Smith's special unit that he four orchestras with 100 members, and who, !or one reason or another, were not applied for, and received, a $114,000 federal three dance troupes with 30 participants. affected by President Ford's earlier policy of grant to beef up his staff to handle repeat­ pardons in return for an oath of allegiance offender cases. Prosecutor Smith says he I recently had the opportunity to see and alternative service. doesn't see much wrong with the grant to one of the center's Tamburitzan groups Those who evaded the draft, whether for the public defender's office, but some of his perform at the Waukegan Lakefront ideological reasons or otherwise (and many assistants are outraged by it. "I can't quite Festival, under the direction of Charles are included in that "otherwise" category • understand why the government gives funds Elias. Their dancing, singing, and per­ chose a method of opposition which carried to get these people off the street and then formance on native Croatian musical in­ penalties. turns around and supplies the defense with struments were exceptional, and their Those who choose to oppose should be the resources to help keep them on the ready to accept the penalties that go with street," says Mr. Miller. authentic costumes, produced under the opposition. Opposition and penalty are two While federal officials consider their career­ supervision of Julie Weakley, were truly sides of the same coin. criminal programs good ones, they're con­ outstanding. Obviously those who evaded the draft for cerned that when federal funds run out, the The opening of the American-Croa­ ideological reasons thought they were right. communities won't support them with local tian Cultural Center has been made pos­ A majority of other people, however, thought funds. Franklin County commissioners, hard­ sible by the generosity of the Andro them wrong. pressed for funds like most local govern­ Pucin family, who have been long-time Until minorities, however right, win the ments, concede it will be tough to find $250,- leaders in the Waukegan community, majority, however wrong, to their way of 000 in the budget to retain Prosecutor thinking, they will suffer penalties of some Smith's program. "It'll be up to George to and, I am proud to say, long-time friends sort for their stands. sell the program. Finding that much money of mine. The children of Andro Pucin­ We appreciate the feeling of those draft isn't going to be easy," says Don Brown, the Michael (Jack) Pucin, Emilie Pucin evaders who believed the United States had county's finance director. But in Ventura Montes, and Stephanie Pucin Sulthin, no business in Vietnam, that the war, the County, Calif., the prosecutor's office plans who is the Lake County Circuit Clerk way in which we entered It, and the method to start its own program with local funds, and was a delegate to the recent Repub­ with which we conducted it, was wrong. and federal officials wm be watching to see lican National Convention-have do­ They took direct action to express their if other communities can set up similar opposition. That opposition has helped to locally funded units. nated to the Tamburitzans the building create the present atmosphere which frowns which formerly housed their family bm i­ upon and, we hope, makes impossible future ness. adventures of the same sort. PERSONAL EXPLANATION This timely gift brings to fruition the Nonetheless, these ideological draft eva..ders first phase of the wonderful project that took an unpopular as well as an illegal stance has been nurtured by the group's leaders: and their situation now is the penalty. Those HON. RONALD A. SARASIN The Weakleys, Petar CVitkovic, Frances who refused to accept pardons under the terms offered by President Ford are aware of OF CONNECTICUT Van Dyke, Joe Jurkovac, Frank Ress, this-they know that to escape the penalty IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Tony Serdar, and Matt Miholic. by taking an oath of allegiance and doing Monday, August 30, 1976 The group's musical performances are alternative service undermines their whole already well known and popular ideological position. Mr. SARASIN. Mr. Speaker, on Au­ throughout the local community, and "Here I stand," they are saying, and no gust 26, 1976, I was absent from Wash­ they have recently sent performing compromises are possible. They will drink the ington for part of the legislative after­ troupes to Pennsylvania and to Gary, heinlock or be adjudged right, no inter­ noon. Had I been present, I would have Ind. They are even contem;>lating a trip mediate conditions will suffice, including a "pardon" which presumes guilt. voted in the following fashion: to Yugoslavia. Many who went to war did so for ideologi­ Rollcall No. 662, H.R. 14578, Federal Mr. Speaker, the phenomenal growth cal motivations as strong as those held by reclamation projects authorization, of this organization, symbolized by the the war evaders. They paid the penalty too. "yea.'' opening of their new American-Croatian We do not believe that those who evaded 28434 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS August 30, 1976 the war and left the country to do so, or who my check within the hour. You must have It's hard to paraphrase "Bluegrass", be­ deserted, should receive "blanket" pardons. it ready. cause Bluegrass is more than a style of music. The opportunity to return was given them So long, It's a spirit. It's wild and free, yet, it is also on terms they felt unacceptable. They saw l .D.M. RIGHTS, folksy and sentimental, for it captures the acceptance as the negation of their position­ Credit Union Member. memories of a land that's rich with legend they accepted the penalty. They are the "hard and deep in feeling. cor e" ideologists. "Blanket" pardons would be an insult to them as well as an insult to those who served. ANNUAL FESTIVAL OF SOUTH FLORIDA BLUEGRASS ASSOCIA­ WISE MOVE ON OFFSHORE OIL TION CREDIT UNION HON. EDWARD J. DERWINSKI HON. WILLIAM LEHMAN OF ILLINOIS HON. DEL CLAWSON OF FLORIDA IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES OF CALIFORNIA Monday, August 30, 1976 Monday, August 30, 1976 IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Mr. DERWINSKI. Mr. Speaker, both Monday, August 30, 1976 Mr. LEHMAN. Mr. Speaker, it is mY the House and Senate Democrat Party pleasure to bring to the attention of my leaders bear the responsibility of the fail­ Mr. DEL CLAWSON. Mr. Speaker, re­ colleagues in the Congress the annual ure of the Congress to enact proper legis­ action across the Nation to the rising tide festival of the South Florida Bluegrass lation directed to the long-term energy of Government regulation has been lively Association. This festival will be held on needs of the country. The Chicago Daily to say the least. A California credit union Sunday, September 5. In addition, Dade News properly comments on the positive official has brought to our attention a County Mayor Steve Clark and Hialeah developments involving offshore oil satiric commentary by Dr. John Red­ Mayor Dale Bennett have proclaimed leases: man, president of the University of Ken­ the week of September 6-13 as "Blue­ tucky Credit Union which appeared in WISE MOVE ON OFFSHORE OIL grass Week" in South Florida. The federal government's sale of oil and the August newsletter of the Auto-Truck Mr. Speaker, bluegrass music is a gas leases in the Atlantic Ocean has proved Federal Credit Union published by Mr. uniquely American musical form: a form to be a gusher in at least one respect: Oil Robert Lincoln of Louisville, Ky. The that is the basis for so much of our companies bid a whopping $1.1 billion for frustrations of compliance with multi­ music. drilling rights, more than twice the amount tudinous regulations is illustrated in the In helping to celebrate the festival and anticipated. form of a letter from a loan applicant The money, however, was the least of the to bring the festival to the attention of obstacles to drilling in about !-million acres to a credit union manager. It follows at my colleagues I would like to include this point in the RECORD: 50 to 90 miles off the mid-Atlantic seaboard. with my remarks a short history of The auction had been held up for many Good Morning, Mr. Credit Union Man ager: American bluegrass music. The history, months while the state of New York, environ­ I am here to apply for a loan for a purpose mentalists and other groups tried to block which I choose not to divulge. You do not prepared by the South Florida Bluegrass Association, follows: the sale in the courts. Supreme Court Justice have the right to remain silent . Thurgood Marshall wisely put an end to the Anything you say or do can and will be BLUEGRASS MUSIC delay by approving the sale. Whether any held against you in a court of law under t he Bluegrass Music is based on the folklore of drilling actually takes place will likely be Truth in Lending Act, the F-air Credit Re­ America. It is the foundation of American decided by a New York Appeals Court next porting Act, the F air Credit Billing Act, the Country Music. It is the sound of the hills month in a hearing on the over-all environ­ Real Estate Settlement Procedures Act, the an d the mountains. It is the endless woods mental effects of offshore oil production. Equal Credit Opport unity Act, Civil Rigbts through which families hacked their way. It The oil companies already have proved to Act and the State and Local Commissions is the sotmd of string music played around the satisfaction of the Environmental Pro­ thereof, Consumers Protection Act, the Pri­ camp fires, when folks lived away in solitary tection Agency, among others, that they have vacy Act, the FTC "Holder in Due Course" hollows. It is the old-time sound of string reduced the risk of environmental damage to regulation, the propos ed Unfair and Decep­ instruments, played in neighborhood jovial­ acceptable levels. Today the risk of damage, tive Credit Practices regulation or under on e ity. It st ems from an era when neighborliness such as oil spills near shore and on beaches, or more of the regulations issued by the was a priceless quality of the new frontier, as is far more real when oil is imported in tank~ NCUA, Departments of Treasury, Housing well as a necessity. ers than when the same amount of oil a and Urban Development, Healt h , Education, This sound matured in the Appalachians pumped from offshore wells. and Welfare, Defense, Labor, Army, Navy and and the Ozarks for more than a hundred Currently New York, the most vociferous Air Force, Federal Reserve Board, I.R.S., Se­ years. With the advent of radio, the sounds opponent of offshore drilling, is almost en­ curities and Exchange Commission, Federal were taken from the mountains and given to tirely dependent on imported oil for house­ Trade Commission, Social Security Adminis­ all America to enjoy. With its speedy tempo, hold and industrial heating and for generat­ tration or the Office of Economic Opportu­ and close harmony, the seeds of Bluegrass ing electricity. Yet New York and other nity. Music were planted by the Monroe Brothers Northeast states also have been most fervent You have the right to talk to a lawyer and more than a third of a century ago. Blue­ in demanding access to cheap, plentifUl en­ have him present while you are being ques­ grass Music is not the invention of but one ergy supplies-provided, it is understood, the tioned, but in reality he probably cannot person, rather the logical development of oil comes from somebody else's back yard. protect you against all these regul-ations. string band music. Even though one person That argument is untenable. It is the en­ For your information, Buddy (you don't is not the creator of Bluegrass, Bill Monroe tire nation that bears the burden of the mind my calling you Buddy, do you?), you has earned the title of "The Father of Blue­ Northeast's heavy dependence on imported cannot use the established credit criteria, grass Music". In the late 1930's, he resisted oil, in the form of an adverse balance of pay­ such as ability to repay, collateral, stability the trend to add amplified or elect ric instru­ ments and vulnerability to foreign embar­ or employment, past credit experience or ments to his band. Preferring the purer goes. general credit rating, to approve or deny this sounds of the Mandolin, Banjo, Guitar, and There is one other factor that made the loan application. You must use the criteria the Fiddle in blend and solo in front of the oil-lease sale imperative. Despite spending developed by Congress and these agencies in heavy, but still unamplified, String Bass. some $100 million on research, the oil com­ all their wisdom. Unless my loan is approved Bill's version preserved the sound that typi­ panies have yet to see the first drop of oil promptly, I will cause the wrath from all fied the element of Mountain Music. Keep­ from the field. They believe oil is there, based these to be focused upon you. ing those sounds from becoming cheap and on geological studies, but there is no guaran­ When I become delinquent on my account, gimmicky. With a rare and selective sense of tee. It was only a couple of years ago that you cannot discuss it with me unless I bring what is fitting, he was able to delineate the the industry bid $1.5 billion for equally it up first. If all of this org-anic matter does music and insure its integrity. It was easy promising Gulf of Mexico leases that proved not lead to increased cost of credit or restric­ to identify Bill Monroe and the Bluegrass uniformly dry. tion of available credit, I still have the Fed­ Boys in contrast to the many other string With the risk of environmental damage a.t eral Bankruptcy Act and its proposed amend­ bands. As time went on, folks began to call a minimum and the need for energy at a ments in reserve. his more authentic type of country music, maximum, oil drilling in the Atlantic field By the way, I notice your office will fail to "Bluegrass", taking the name from the should be permitted with the least possible meet OSHA regulations. I'll be back to get groups title. delay. August 30, 1976 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 28435 CORPS' 404 PERMIT PROGRAM CON­ refuges tor ducks, without barring develop­ ABORTION TROVERSY STilL UNRESOLVED ment that 1s not damaging. It 1s a "com­ promise" worthy o! strong .support. HO . RON PAUL HON. ROBERT W. EDGAR OF TEXAS IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES OF PENNSYLVANIA GEORGE W. DRAPER IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Monday, August 30, 1976 Monday, August 30, 1976 Mr. PAUL. Mr. Speaker, a good friend of mine, Phil Nicolaides of Houston, has Mr. ON. WILLIAM (B LL) CLAY Mr. EDGAR. Speaker, an editorial a daily .radio commentary on KLYX-FM in OF MISSOURI appeared today the Washington Post in Houston entitled "A Closer Look­ which should remind us that the con­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES With Phil Nicolaides." The programs troversy involving the Corps of Engi­ Monday, August 30, 1976 · presented on August 5 and 6 concerned neers section 404 pennit program re­ Mr. CLAY. Mr. Speaker. in tribute to the matter of abortion, and the tran­ mains unresolved. I believe that the edi­ scripts of them indicate a familiarity torial merits the attention of my col­ a great leader, I submit the following articl~ from the St. Louis Sentinel pub­ with the significance and seriousness of leagues, and I insert it at this point: abortion that I wish were shared by an DREDGING AJ:!<""l) DUCKS lished July 22, 1976~ GEORGE W. DRAPER BuRIED IN WASHINGTON, the Members of this body. To a casual observer, the fight over wet­ In the broadcast of August 5, Mr. lands protection may seem like an obscure D.C. boundary dispute in whlch environmental­ The Honorable George W. Draper II, 55, Nicolaides emphasizes the importance of ists and developers are battling for control an Associate Judge of the Superior Court of the words used to describe an abortion of a swamp. At issue is how extensive federal the District of Columbia, dled of a heart at­ and an unborn child. It seems that l"egulation of the nation's waterways, tack Friday evening at his home in Sliver Orwell's Newspeak has become the fa­ marshes and bogs should be. The high-water Spring, Maryland. vorite language of the proabortionists, mark of regulation, if you will, was reached Judge Draper was born in Easton, Penn­ and that, if abortions are to be outlawed, in 1975 with a court ruling that was widely sylvania. He was a graduate of both Howard a revolution in language as well as read as giving the Corps of Engineers author­ University, Washington, D.C., where he ob­ ity over nearly every puddle in the land. This tained hls B.A., and LL.B. degrees in 1947, thought must occur. spring, the anti-Corps forces regained a lot of and New York University, where he received In the broadcast of August 6, l'm·. territory when the House Public Works Com­ his L.L.M. in 1948. Nicolaides dissects the various evasions mittee voted to curtail the federal power He was AssiStant Professor of Law at Lin­ that proabortionists use to justify their substantially. The full House then approved coln University Law School in St. Louis, Mis­ position on the issue. I urge my colleagues a "compromise" by Rep. Jim Wright (D­ soul"i from 1948 to 1950, practiced law in St. to read these arguments and to recon­ Tex.) that left considerable authority to the Louis from 1950 to 1952, and was an Assist­ ant Circuit Attorney in St. Louis from 1952 sider their position on the question of states. Last week the Senate Public Works abortion if they have supported it until Committee rejected that, 7-6, and endorsed to 1954. In January 1957, he was appointed a plan sponsored by Sens. Howard H. Baker as the Chief Trial Assistant to the Circuit now: Jr. (R-Tenn.) and Jennings Randolph (D­ Atto!"ney af St. Louis. A CLOSER LooK-ABORTION I, AUGUST 5, 1976 W. Va.) that environmental groups greatly Judge Dl·aper became the Assistant Attor­ Remember the gripping 1951 motion pic­ prefer. ney General, Chief Criminal Appeals Section tm·e, Detective Story? Perhaps you recall how The fight, which will come to the Senate ior the State of :Missouri in November 1961, .the life of the hero, played by Kirk Douglas, fi.oor shortly, is not just a dispute between and served in that capacity until his ap­ is shattered when he learned that the abor­ anti-Washington and pro-Washington pointment as the Director of Legal Services tionist he iS trying to bring to justice had­ forces-or between the interests of devel­ for the st. Louis Human Development Cor­ many years earlier-operated on his wife. opers and ducks. Through .all the arguing, poration in 1964. In 1965 Judge Draper Think of it, only 25 years ago most Ameri­ some issues have been eliminated and others 'Inoved back to Washington, D.C. where he cans regarded abortion as a despicable crime, clarified. There seems to be general agree­ served as Chief Counsel, for the Department its practitioners as loathsome criminals. Yet, ment that farmers should not have to get of Housing and Urban Development. since 1973, when the Supreme Court struck federal permits to maintain ponds or drain­ From May 1968 until his appointment to down all state laws protecting the lives of the age ditches-and so that spectre of overregu­ the Bench by former President Nixon in unborn, abortion has become one of the most lation, raised by the Corps and fed by its op­ 1971, Judge Draper was with the Equal Op­ common "surgical procedures" in America. ponents, should be put to rest. The real ques­ portunity Commission in the capacities of An estimated three million infants, still in tions outstanding include how much to reg­ Deputy General Counsel and Deputy Execu­ their mothei:S' wombs, have been killed ulate dredging and .filling along small tive Director of the Commission. "legally" by "respectable" doctors. streams; whether the Federal role should be He was a member of numerous civic, social, "Kllled"-is that too strong a ward? Per­ greater where discharges of toxic materials and legal organizations and the recipient of haps it is not strong enough. are involved; and how much responsibility many awards. He was an active member of Over the past 25 years the advocates of should be left-or delegated-to the states. the Howard University Law Alumni Associ­ per.missive abortion have sought to dull om· These may seem to be dry issues, but vital ation and was the recipient of the Distin­ consciences with a smokescreen of soothing and dwindling resources are at stake. Wet­ guished Law Alumnus of the year award for words. Pregnancies are "terminated," or even lands are not only the nation's most produc­ 1976. Judge Draper was the first President "interrupted." The being that an abortion tive natural habitats. They also cleanse pol­ of the Tamarack Triangle Civic Association destroys is called a "foetus," or an luted water and serve as buffers for flood of Montgomery County; a life-time member "abortus"-never a baby. The first o1·d control. Moreover, wetlands damage and of the Alphi Phl Alpha Fraternity, Beta means "little one" in Latin; the second shoreline development are fluid problems in Chapter; a member of the Bar o! the State means "the one who is aborted." Nice, tech­ the strictest sense; water polluti.on tends to of Missouri, the District of Columbia, and nical euphemisms, much better than spread, and damage in one area can hurt of the Supreme Court of the United States. "baby"-if killing is what you have in mind. resources n1any miles away. These are not Judge Draper is survived by his wife Bessie . This kind of dishonest word-play is at the arguments for exclusive federal control over T. Draper of the home; three sons-George root of the court's decision. The judges every damp spot on the continent. They do Wllllam III, age 22, Thornton Collin, age 19, simply defined the unborn baby out of the illustrate, however, the importance of Insur­ Wesley Robert, age 17; hls mother Mrs. Grace human race. At the same time they discov­ ing that projects affecting wetlands and Draper Smith; and his brother, Mr. Harry ered ln the "penumbra" of various Amend­ waterways will be looked at carefully by some Draper of Washington, D.C. ments a new "right of privacy" which in­ competent public agency. The viewing was held at McGuires Funeral cludes the mother's right to have her tiD­ The Baker-Randolph proposal would focus Home, 7400 Georgia Avenue, N.W., on Tues­ born child kllled if she can find a willing federal review on the dredging, filling and day, July 20, 1976 between the hours of 5 and medical accomplice. other projects that are likely to h .ave a real 9 p.m. The funeral took place on Wednesday, Law, medicine, and common sense refute effect on the environment. Special attention July 21, 1976 in Rankin Chapel on the cam­ such verbal sleight-of-hand. would be given, as it should be, to dredging pus of Howard University. If a man dies leaving $30,000 to be divided and dumping that involve toxic substances. In lieu of flowers, the family requests that equally among his living grandchildren, and The plan would also encourage the states to donations be sent to the Howard University 1f his only child has two children and is exercise their own responsibilities. but would Law School to establish a scholarship and _pregnant with a third, the inheritance 'is not leave a vacuum 1f they !all to .respond. loan .fund .1'or married law students 1n his divided three ways: the unborn grandchlld is Overall, this proposal would preserve many memory. entitled to an equal .share. He has the legal

--~ 28436 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS August 30, 1976 right to $10,000, but not the right to live. Birthright, set up to do just this. But the Congresswoman Abzug and Mr. Abzug have Could anything be more absurd? law should not condone homicide as a way of no liabilities except for current unpaid bills. From ancient times doctors have taken avoiding embarrassment, worry, or hardship. t he Hippocratic Oath in which they vow Then, of course, there is the crass evasion never to perform an abortion. Today medi­ used by some politicians: "I'm personally cine recognizes that when a woman becomes opposed to abortion, but I don't think the pregnant the doctor has two patients. What law should impose my moral values on others. NEW VETERANS' ADMINISTRATION !;: ind of medicine is it that permits the killing After all, it's a private matter." Consider this HOSPITAL AT AUGUSTA, GA. of one at the request of the other? parallel: "I'm personally opposed to batter­ Doctor Bernard Nathanson, one of the ing and killing babies, but I don't want to founders of the National Abortion Rights impose my moral values on others. After all, League, resigned his post as head of a large it's their kids." HON. ROBERT G. STEPHENS, JR. abortion clinic. Why?-because, he said, he Finally, there's the 'red herring' approach­ OF GEORGIA had become "deeply troubled" by the "cer­ often with a subtle appeal to bigotry-which IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES tainty" that he had "presided over 60,000 attempts to dismiss the whole subject as a. deaths." Death is a harsh word. When one "Catholic Issue." The Catholic Church does Monday, August 30, 1976 causes the death of another there is a teach that abortion is an "unspeakable Mr. STEPHENS. Mr. Speaker, on harsher word, "killing." And when the vic­ crime." But so does the Greek Orthodox July 10, 1976-just 6 days after our Na­ t im is innocent and deliberately killed there Church, so does Orthodox Judaism. Two Prot· tion celebrated its 200th birthday­ is an even harsher but exact word. The word estant groups, American Citizens Concerned i :; "murder." for Life and Baptists for Life, recently pointed groundbreaking ceremonies were held A few years ago Planned Parenthood put out that "opposition to abortion ... (has for a new Veterans' Administration hos­ out a pamphlet which put it bluntly: never) ... been the concern of Catholics pital in Augusta, Ga. "abortion kills the life of a baby." Ask your­ alone but is part of a shared Judea-Christian The 420-bed facility, which will re­ self this question: what is it that an abor­ ethic." place the existing hospital, will be lo­ tion destroys? Is the baby a human being John Calvin, the founding theologian of cated adjacent to the Medical College of t en minutes before it is born? Ten days? Protestantism, is most explicit: "The foetus," Ten weeks? Georgia as an integral part of a large he wrote, "though enclosed in the womb of medical center. The new hospital will be The March of Dimes is currently popular­ its mother, is already a human being, and izing a slogan: "Be good to your baby before it is ... a monstrous crime to rob it of ... a source of pride to the citizens of Au­ it is born." That slogan contains a truth to life." gusta and, upon completion, will provide which the Supreme Court shut its eyes, that Georgia and South Carolina veterans t he unborn child is a human being and with an outstanding medical care pro­ therefore entitled to that first of all rights, gram. the Right to life. BELLA S. ABZUG, FINANCIAL DISCLOSURE Many people worked for years to bring this highly needed medical facility to A CLOSER LOOK-ABORTION II, A U GVST 6, 1976 this day of groundbreaking. It was first In an earlier program on abortion I pointed HON. BELLA S. ABZUG called to my attention that Augusta was out that the central issue is whether the OF NEW YORK the most logical and economical location unborn baby is a living human being. If the answer is 'yes," then we cannot escape the IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES for this veterans program by fonner conclusion that abortion is killing. Monday, August 30, 1976 Mayor Millard Beckum and the city's Despite all the euphemisms and semantic director of urban renewal for develop­ evasions of abortion advocates, law, medi­ Ms. ABZUG. Mr. Speaker, I am report­ ment and relocation, Bernon Williams. cine, and common sense affirm the human­ ing today on the personal finances of my­ They set aside urban renewal land ad­ it y of the unborn child. Yet there are those­ self and my husband, Martin Abzug, on jacent to the Medical College of Georgia, from John D. Rockefeller III to Bella Abzug­ our 1975 income and assets: the Georgia Veterans Nursing Home, the who attempt to justify abortion. Their argu­ BELLA AND MARTIN ABZUG STATEMENT ON JOINT Eugene Talmadge Memortal Hospital, ments do not withstand scrutiny. AsSETS AS OF AUG. 25, 1976 AND 1975 JOINT and the University Hospital and held The most common pro-abortion argument INCOME is that "a woman has the right to do what tenaciously to it for the veterans. Suc­ she wants with her own baby." Really? Sup­ JOINT ASSETS cessor mayors, George Sancken and pose she wants to be grossly mutilated in Sergeant At Arms Checking Ac- Lewis Newmen did the same. After years order to become a circus freak? Surely no count, Bella Abzug______$8, 526. 47 of advocacy by many persons of the need one would object to a law forbidding this, Chase Manhattan Account, Bella. for acquiring this land, the House Vet­ or criticize a surgeon for refusing to operate Abzug ------509.68 erans' Affairs Committee, chairmanned on her. But an abortion is not simply some­ Partnership Interest in Green- thing a woman does with her body. Someone wich Associates, Bella. Abzug__ 3, 400.00 by former Congressman W. J. Bryan else's body is involved. That someone else, Equity in Bella. Abzug's Congres- Dorn of the neighboring Third District of although very small, dependent, and defense­ sional Retirement Fund______12, 039.98 South Carolina, designated a special less, is a distinct human being with its own Securities Account, Maurice subcommittee of Congressman DAVID blood type, organs, heartbeat-even finger­ (Martin) Abzug, stockbroker_ 41,400.00 Cash surrender value, life insur- SATTERFIELD of Richmond, Va., to Visit prints. and report on the need to continue the What is really behind this argument 1s a ance policy, held by Maurice resentment that one person can impose an (Martin) Abzug______26, 000. 00 plans for the hospital. This was after a obligation on another. There's no doubt that Greenwich Savings Bank Ac- push of great significance was given the a growing baby within a woman limits her count in the name of Bella. s. administration by former Congressman freedom. But does that justify killing it? A a.nd Maurice (Martin) Abzug_ 14,960.83 Ben Blackburn and the then Congres­ one-month-old baby also limits a women's Household furnishings, personal sional Liaison Officer of the Veterans' freedom: it requires time and attention. property and effects, books at Administration, fonner Congressman Does this justify infanticide? · residence, 37 Bank Street, New York, N.Y. (based on insurance Richard L. Roudebush. With all this help Sometimes you hear that anti-abortion the funds were authorized and appro­ laws discriminate against women, since only appraisal) ------15,000.00 they bear children. What a strange inversion priated-some $2.5 million-to acquire of values. Most women consider their ability Total------121,836.96 the land and provide funds for archi­ to house and nourish new human life during 1975 JOINT INCOME tects and engineers to draw the required its earliest stages as one of the glories of Adjusted gross income, including plans and specifications for the new VA their sex. Defense of the unborn protects girls $14,390.41 in honoraria after hospital. as well as boys-perhaps more. Indeed, medi­ expenses for lectures and ar- A couple of years ago in proper cere­ cal advances in sex prediction have led some ticles by Bella Abzug______$75,089.79 monies at this same cite ceremonies were parents who wanted a boy to abort unborn Federal, State, and New York females. held with Congressmen Dorn, SATTER­ City income taxes for 1975: FIELD, and myself to transfer the deed No one can deny that for some women 1n Federal ------19,723.34 some circUinStances a pregnancy can cause State ------5,632.72 to this land by Mayor Lewis Newman. to embarrassment, worry, and hardship. Not to City ------1,350.45 From that time on the progress break­ recognize this and seek to help would be cal· ing ground has been smooth and con­ lous indeed. There are organizations, such as Total taxes______26,706.51 tinuous under the present House Veter- August 30, 1976 EXTE SIONS OF REMARKS 2843~ ans* Affairs Committee, Congressman the hospital's administration a.nd staff~ the the third century of the American adven­ RAY ROBERTS of Texas, and Dick Roude­ dedication and loyalty of employees, the per­ tw·e." bush, who has moved up to Administra­ sonal interest and the cocpassion they show No one undertaking will accomplish more and the esprit de corps that exists llere. than a very minor portion of what the Presi­ tor of Veterans, Affairs under President These things have made the hospital suc­ dent is talking about. What we do here at Gerald R. Ford. cessful, in both divisions and in the ~any this site, today and in the perlod ahead, will On the Senat-e side the progJ."ess toward activities conducted here in behalf of the affect a relatively small number of persons, this day was made possible by the work very special citizens who have earned the measured against all our cities and those ~f the lat-e Senator Richard R Russell right to its services. throughout the world who look to us for help of Georgia, by our senior Georgia Sena­ To those who have conducted the a.ffa.irs and leadership. But what we do here is in keeping with the tor, HERMAN E. TALMADGE, who has guided of the Augusta VA Hospital so wen. I express the plans as a member of the Senate my thanks and that of VA for what you are President's message. We aTe acting to make doing. I join you in looking forward to the the lh•es of individual man and women better Veterans' Affairs Committee, by our lives, as he said. What we do will eventually NUNN, UP greater opportunity the new hospital will junior Senator, SAM who picked give you to carry on your work n:tore pro­ lead to their lives being more hopeful, happy, where his predecessor Senator Russell ductively, more successfully and to the great­ peaceful and fulfilling ... our "common left off and by the cooperation and ag­ er comfort and benefit of your patients. dedication," as the President expressed it. And we will be doing something more to gressive help of our neighbor across the Of course, there are those other than VA Savannah River, Senator STROM 'I'HuR­ further the American adventure that Presi­ employees ~ .. and n1a.ny o.f them . . . who dent Ford talked about. He said that a hall­ MOND of South Carolina, whose interest have had a part in making 'the Augusta VA marie of that adventure has always been an in our veterans is unsurpassed. Hospital .successful a d who will play a big eagerness to explore the unknown, which On the day of the ground breaking the part in its future we h ve done while clinging to the wisdom administrat.or of our present VA facilities No com.munit., where VA is located has and experience of the past. This we will do in Augusta, Eugene Speer, organized a given more valuable official support, no great­ at this new ho pita!, conducting medical re­ er citizen support. search and always looking for new informa­ program of remarks by Senators TAL­ Veterans organizations and other groups in MADGE and THURMOND and myself and tion, while educating and training by dis­ this area have provided help in many ways. seminating existing knowledge and instruct ­ included participation by the Deputy Ad­ They have not only given us the volunteers W. ing in proven practices and techniques. ministrator of Vet-eran Affairs, Odell to whom. we all owe such a great debt, they But I don't want to make too Dl1Ich of the Vaughn, D.r. William Moretz, president have given us wise counsel and the coopera­ fact that today•s program follows the Bicen­ of the Medical College of Georgia, and tion and assistance of their membership in tennial so clo ely and that this is a fitting our highly respected director of Vet-erans, countless projects that have helped the hos­ w3.y for VA and .for this community to com­ Services fo.r Georgia, Pete Wheeler. pital to give better service. plete a. week of eelebration. The Honorable Richard L. Roudebush, And, of course, the relationship we have This is a facility that has been planned Administrator of the Veterans' Admin­ had ith the .Medical College o.f Georgia has over a long period and this program could be n invaluable. This affiliation has not only well have taken place at a less unique time istration, delivered the address on the made our hospital better, it has made the occasion of the groundbreaking, and 1 in our history. This is an observance that i improv{lment and expansion we start today ceremonial. The ground would ha.ve been would like to sh::tre his rema1.'ks with my feasible and -wise. We look forward to an even broken and the building would have been colleagues: mo-re productive association in the future. started hether we were here or not. GROUNDBREAK:ING, AUGUSTA 7 A REPLACEMENT The f ct that this is the .first ceremony of What is important is how well we have HOSPITAL, AUGUSTA, GA., JULY 10, 1976 this kind that VA has conducted since the planned and how well we wlli proceed with (Remarks by Hon. Richard L. Roudebush, start of our third century as a nation may the work ahead of us. What is important j: Administrator of Veterans' Affairs) have little historical significance. But I think how skillful we ere in making this new fa­ These ceremonies this n1orning mark the that the progress that it manifests by our cility the important institution we have in official start of a preject that will make better garhering here this morning is in keeping mind, in how it accom.,...lishes the _mission health care possible for citizens who have v;ith the aims and aspirations of tl1e Amer­ we envision for 1t a.nd takes its place with earned such care by oervice in the :ration's ican people that have been de cribed so pro­ and complements the wcrk of other hospituJ!': armed forces. fusely a.nd so fluently during the p!!.st days in this area, h1 this VA medical district and This is a. day of importance to veterans of a:1d weeks. throughout VA. this area. and a day of importance to the ·e ha\e been reminded as we ha.ve ne\er I think there is reason for great optimism Veterans Administration. been reminded before of the .heritage that is that it will, in fact, be one of the finest It is the kind of day that VA officiAls look ours and we have celebrated as never befo-re hospitals in the country. That is our goal forward to, a day when growth and progress our pride in our country and our gratitude and we have the assets that I mentioned are obvious, and I am extremely glad to be that we have the good fortune to be Ameri­ earlie1• that will llelp us reacb it ... VA de­ here sharing it with you. cans. termination that it will be as good a hospital I feel honored to be associating with the We have also had our responsibilities as as we know how to n1ake it, the sK:m and distinguished persons who are on this plat­ citizens of this great nation described .for us dedication of employees, a productive medi­ form and are part of the program and I a.m. on countless occasions during the last :few cal school affiliation a.nd the unotinting sup­ grateful for the interest shown by all who days, and \7e have been told o! the great tasks port of friends ln this area.. have chosen to be a part of our audience. and challenges that confront us. I would be rem1ss, and my remarks would VA has had a long and successful history The Bicentennial weekend is over. It w.as be lacking, if .I did not also mention the in­ in providing medical treatment in this com­ a memorable period that did honor to our terest and the support given the Au.,onsta munity but today we open .a new era that co1.mtry and it was observed in a Jll.alliler VA Hospital by members of both houses of will enable us to go far beyond what we appropxiate to an important anniversary and Congress. We are grateful that they have een have done in the past and wllat we are doing in a way complimentary to the citizens of a. the need for this facility and have responded now. We break ground for what will be one gre t nation. with such sympathy and understanding. I of the finest hospitals in the entire VA One week la r we gather here in a sJnal!er, a.m certain that the hospital will have their system. qUieter ceremony than those of a few daYf .attention .and their assistance 1n the future It will be a hospital that is needed and ago o signify that as the work of the Nation as it has to this time. deserved by those who will use it. It Will be continues, we are still building a.nd we are It is good to be with you on .a day of sue a hospital of which an citizens of Augusta still improving the institutions and services importance and of such promise. Le·~ me once and of this area will be p~·oud. And It wll1 that we recently celebrated so p.i·oudly. again express my gratitude and that of A be a hospital that will carry on the tradition P~·esident Ford said in his Bicentennial for your participation. oi VA service that is so fumly established Message to the American people that what We are llere to start the construction of a here. he termed the "great American adventure" building that will be attractive and con­ I think that this tradition is important has stirred the _hopes a.nd quickened the venient, modern and serviceable in all l'e­ and that it is important to emphasize the imagination of men a.nd wom.en throughout spects . . . a building of which we will all be fact that this is a replacement hospital only the world during the last 200 years .and that proud. in tha~ it is replacing outmoded physical it will continue to do so. We are also here to na.ffirm our belief facilities. The non-physical attributes of a He said, "We have tried and will continue in the importance of this hospital and to great hospital that have been so abundant to strive to make the lives of individual men rededicate nurselves to its mission and to here will be here beyond the period of con­ and women .in this country and on this earth its.future success. struction, beyond the time that activities better lives-more hopeful and ha.ppy, more We are llere to proclaim. that VA wants . . . move to a. new location and the hospital ot prosperous and peaceful, more fulfilling and a.nd tbat the American people want . . • the the future begins its Important work. more h'ee. This Js our common dedication very best health care possible for veterans or I speak of such attributes as the skill of and it wm be our common glory as we enter this area. 28438 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS Aug~tst 30, 1976 Let us proceed now with the rest of this public control of capital is the program cept of the community or regional develop­ program • • . and get on with the construc­ launched by Sam Brown in Colorado. Brown ment bank. Proposals to create such banks­ tion. won the Democratic nomination for State which must invest their capital in depressed Treasurer in 1974 on the strength of a letter areas; community ventures, and the like­ to key Democrats outlining the largely un­ have been introduced in Congress repeatedly THE INSTITUTE FOR POLICY noticed power of the Treasurer over busi­ in recent years. (Most recent in the series STUDIES: PART II ness, especially banks. In particular, he rec­ is a bill dropped in the hopper last month ommended adoption of a plan, already fol­ by Rep. Michael Harrington that would cre­ lowed in Illinois, of "linking deposits (of ate up to 10 regional development banks ~ HON. LARRY McDONALD state money) to specific bank actions pro­ capitalized at $1 billion each.) OF GEORGIA moting state policies." None of these bills has passed, but a similar Since his election, he has kept his cam­ measure made it through the Massachusetts IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES paign promise. Brown introduced a system Legislature last winter, giving the Bay State Monday, August 30, 1976 of competitive bidding to determine which a Community Development Finance Corp. banks would receive deposits of state funds, The legislation was drafted chiefly by David Mr. McDONALD. Mr. Speaker, the In­ currently $154 million. Funds for long-term Smith, a professor at the University of Mas­ stitute for Policy Studies-IPS-is a New deposit (one year and longer) , moreover, are sachusetts (and speaker at the Austin con­ Left think tank pushing for a socialist awarded by a weighted bid, in which the loan ference). Other contributors included mem­ America by a variety of means, some policies of a given bank count along with the bers of the Center for Community Economic peaceful, some patently subversive. IPS interest rate it offers. Development, an indirect IPS offshoot. has never discounted the role of violence Specifically, the bank must state what The Community Development Finance fractions of total assets are lent to agricul­ Corp., to be capitalized at $10 million, is and terrorism in what it terms "social ture, low-cost and older housing, students required to invest that money solely in the change." IPS has always had on its staff and other recipients Viewed by the Treasurer equities of community development corpora­ supporters of terrorism, including Cas­ as socially desirable. These ratios are added tions (CDCs)-defined in the bill as non­ troites with ties to the Cuban secret po­ to interest rates bid, and deposits are profit corporations with voting membership lice, the Weather Underground, Puerto awarded to banks with the highest scores. open to all residents of the areas in which Rican revolutionaries, Trotskyite Com­ PAPER TIGER they function. The bank thus has a double virtue for the Left. First it strengthens local munists, and others. In nine months of operation, the program David Kelley, of Barron's, has written CDCs, which are favored vehicles of decen­ has shifted some state funds away from large tralization and participation. Second, it commercial banks to smaller ones making a well-researched examination of the means that that much more capital is in many levels of IPS operations. The con­ the favored types of loans. However, accord­ public rather than private hands. cluding section of his article, Barron's, ing to Gerald Scarboro of the Colorado A Public Policy Reader, prepared for the August 30, 1976, follows: Bankers Association, while the program Austin meeting of the Conference, lists ove1· "makes good copy, it hasn't really had any GOING PUBLIC-THE NEW LEFT PLANS RADICAL 50 other local initiatives, most in the areas of effect on bank loan practices," chiefly be­ public enterprise and capital control. Besides SWITCH IN CONTROL OF CAPITAL cause the paperwork for larger banks makes (By David Kelley) these activities in local government, the New it too expensive to apply for state deposits. Left has been active in community organiz­ Last week, in the first half of this two­ It does, however, set a precedent since it ing of all kinds, from the traditional work­ part article on the Institute for Policy gives the state some control, through the ers' organizations to newer strains like ten­ Studies, some of the basic tenets of the leverage which its own deposits exert, over ants' unions. An interesting case of the Washington, D.C., research organization were the use of all bank capital in the state. The latter has surfaced in Boston, where a realtor spelled out, including a decentralized so­ next step might be the full disclosure laws is suing a group of tenants' unions for con­ cialist economy, small-scale technology and Brown is working for; the purpose, accord­ spiring to deprive him of his property. public allocation of capital. Another key ele­ ing to Scarboro, would be to give the state The realtor is Max Kargman, whose First ment in this strategy for transforming so­ government power to allocate credit. Realty Management Corp. built a number of ciety is the implementation of these ideas Meanwhile, reports an article in Worrking apartment complexes via FHA mortgages. in experimental form at the local level. The Papers, Brown is "encouraging Sixties activ­ Tenants' unions have been organized at these Institute's co-founder and co-director, Mar­ ists in other states to take a close look at projects, under the umbrella of the Tenants cus Raskin, guesses there's already a good electoral jobs that control purse strings in First Coalition. The suit charges that these deal of this going on; to judge by the range the economy." One possibillty, hotly pursued groups, individually and in concert, have of a~tiVitles connected With IPS itself, he's by Conference members, is the idea of a state staged rent strikes, blocked evictions and probably right. bank. Proposals for such banks are now be­ engaged in other actions for the purpose The Institute's chief vehicle for involve­ fore the legislatures of six states--California, of bankrupting the projects and forcing ment here is its Conference on Alternative Florida, Massachusetts, New York, Oregon FHA foreclosure. State & Local Public Policies. The Confer­ and Washington-and the District of The suit, brought in May of last year, is ence is funded by IPS, and directed by IPS Columbia. still in court, and the outcome is unclear. Fellow Barbara Bick and Lee Webb, a former Proponents of a state bank cite a number What is plain is a publication introduced SDS National Council member. Its purpose of anticipated benefits: a profit for the state, as evidence of conspiracy. The book, Tenants is to bring together New Leftists active in loans to depressed areas and community First, was written and distributed by one of local government across the country. ventures which the private market won't the defendants, United Planning Aid. The Conference has apparently succeeded touch, and a "yardstick" for commercial bank UPA was formed in 1969 by James Morey, in this aim: it's attl'"acted over 1,200 par­ practices. Curiously, such arguments who subsequently left to join the Cambridge ticipants to its national and regional meet­ normally cite the one state bank now in Institute, an IPS off-shoot. UPA was initially ings. At a recent convention in Austin, Texas, existence-the Bank of North Dakota (Bar­ funded by OEO; for the past several years, it speakers included Sam Brown, who is on the ron's, June 2, 1975) -even though it gen­ has been receiving $240,000 yearly from the Conference's Steering Committee (he was erally acts just like a private bank. (In 1974, Community Services Administration. Despite also a member of the Democratic Platform for example, it turned a profit of $9.3 million the terms of its federal grants, which were Committee this year); Justin Ravitz, a De­ by investing over half its funds in U.S. Treas­ the alleviation of poverty, UPA has produced troit municipal judge; Chet Atkins, Massa­ ury and other out-of-state instruments.) an impressive line of propaganda for Leftist chusetts State Senator: Tom Hayden, SDS However, another feature of a state bank causes, including Tenants First. founder and recent contender for the Demo­ makes it attractive to the Left. As Derek Concerned chiefl.y with FHA housing, Ten­ cratic nomination to the Senate; and aides Shearer put it in a Conference pamphlet: ants First is a primer on how to conduct a to Senator James Abourezk (D., S .D.) and "The basic thrust is to substitute public for successful rent strike. It explains how to pay Rep. Michael Harrington (D., Mass.). private criteria in the investment of rents to the tenants' union, creating a sizable COLLECTIVE THEME money . . . it would go far toward making strike fund; how to get favorable media at­ What unites this motley group? According government the equal rather than the hand­ tention; how to picket and demonstrate; how to a grant request from Lee Webb to IPS's maiden of the private sector." to block evictions for non-payment of rent. Transnational Institute, the Conference is The statement is no exaggeration. If the "Remember," it says, "that the co~rts can an organization of "populist" and "activist" New York state bank bill had passed when be helpful in winning delays, running up your public officials. "We are particularly inter­ proposed last year, for example, private banks landlord's legal bills." ested in initiatives involving the control of would have lost $6 billion in deposits-the The long-range purpose of the rent strike, capital, tax restructuring, and the control of amount of state and local monies which by according to the work, is "an alternative governmental institutions themselves." A law would have to be placed in the state housing system." Here as elsewhere, "alterna­ report in IPS's house organ, Link, notes that bank. Other privileges, such as tax-exemp­ tive" means socialist: "Eliminating housing "the central 1ssue (at Conference meetings) tion, would give state banks competitive as a commodity for private ownershrip and was the need for capital control at the state power to attract money from the private profit." And in the case of FHA projects, the or local level." markets too. means are at hand. If the tenants, through An example of state measures to achieve Still better suited to this end is the con- rent strikes and other tactics, can bankrupt August 30, 1976 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 28439 the private developer, the government itself cially through purchases of productive facil­ each block and train volunteers to monitor a .must foreclose and become owner. The hope ities by eminent domain . court watch program. It will provide a fJXpressed in Tenants First is that the tenants The study seems to have found a receptive monthly newsletter to the citizens that con­ will then be allowed to run the projects col­ audience, since this year some 55 members of tains information about crime prevention, lectively, as cooperatives. Congress have asked IPS to bring out not street and home safety from crime, infor­ When this and other UPA activities be­ just a study, but a full-scale alternative mation about activities of the criminal jus­ came known to the Community Services Ad­ budget which reflects the Institute's social t ice system. In addition to urging each home ministration, largely through the protests of philosophy. "I think that wlll have," Ras­ to utilize the Police m marking of prop­ t he Cambridge Chamber of Commerce, CSA kin says, "during the period of transition erty, they will be asked to be the eyes and tent atively defunded the group, pending in­ here in Washington, on the assumption that ears of the District Police Depart ment in re­ vestigation. Several hearings and site visits the Democrats win the election, really a porting suspicious activity and in coming later, CSA now has reduced its case to the powerful effect." forward as wit nesses. single charge that UPA's tenant activities But programs such as ours are just begin ­ concentrated on tenants above the poverty ning and their funding is painfully meager. line. A final decision is expected in September. By the time state and local Boards and Com ­ Meanwhile, back in Washington, the Insti­ COMMUNITY EFFORTS TO MOBn..IZE mit tees review all the requests for funding. t ute for Policy Studies is working on the the often non-represented citizen group third of Raskin's vehicles for social change: AGAINST CRIME which is small and very local to the com­ the federal government. munity area finds little left for funding the One program now in the works is an entry citizen program. The block development pro­ in the health insurance sweepstakes. Unlike HON. JONATHAN B. BINGHAM gram-as the smallest unit of community­ the 11beral health insurance plans--which OF NEW YORK is where the fight against crime and i t3 the IPS newsletter, Benchmarx, criticizes for causes must be waged. The individual cit i­ relying on "private deliverers of health"-a IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES zen is the missing link in what has been an model blll drafted by the Institute's Commu­ Monday, August 30, 1976 unsuccessful effort to turn around the rising nity Health Alternatives Project would cre­ crime rate in cit ies, suburbs, and rural areas. at e a complete government health system. Mr. BINGHAM. Mr. Speaker, this We commend you and Congressm an Con ­ The project was inspired by a speech week the House is scheduled to vote on yers for your efforts on behalf of the stub­ which Rep. Ronald Dellums (D., Calif.) made H.R. 13636, the LEA authorization. One born funding problems through your bill, to a meeting of the American Public Health of the provisions of this bill, section 110 H.R. 13636. Association in 1974, arguing that everyone (a), authorizes $15 million for the pur­ Sincerely, has a right to free medical care from the poses of grants for citizen anticrime CHARLES B. LANKF ORD, government, financed by progressive taxa­ Direct or. tion. A group headed by Bascom Talley was patrols and the encouragement of neigh­ formed to push these ideas into legislation; borhood crime prevention. As a propo­ they received funds, through the ubiquitous nent of this type of legislation for some LAKE MICHIGAN BEACH NATIONAL Stern Fund, from the New York Community years, I am pleased to see this provision LAKESHORE Trust and affiliated the project with IPS. in the bill. I shall expand on its virtues The model legislation, written in coordi­ when the bill is called up in the House. nation with Dellums' staff, is now with the But of particular interest to me today is House Counsel's Office, which is rewriting it the role such a provision will play in HO'. JOHN B. A 'DERSON into an actual bill. Talley says the measure OF ILLINOIS is currently stalled over a technicality, but aiding a community effort to battle expects it to come before Congress soon. crftne right here on Capitol Hill. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES The proposed system is modelled on the As the following letter from the Capi­ Monday, August 30, 1976 public schools. At its heart is the Commu­ tol East Community Crime Council nity Health Organization, a single agency notes, a citizen-initiated effort to deal Mr. ANDERSON of Illinois. Mr. which would provide primary care to a with crime where it begins and where its Speaker, on Sunday our President pro­ community of 25,00o-50,000. These organiza­ effects are felt most severely-at the posed a great new program to preserVf" tions would be governed by health boards grass-roots community level-is behind the vital fabric of America for future elected from the community, together with generations. At Yellowstone National a hierarchy of regional and federal authori­ the bureaucratic eight-ball most of the Park, President Ford proposed a com­ ties. Health workers--doctors, nurses, et time. In this respect the council writes: al.-would be employes of the CHOs; some­ Programs such as ours are just beginning prehensive program which will protect how they would run the organizations on a and their funding is painfully meager. By the recreational, historical, and natural democratic basis. the time state and local Boards and Com­ resources of America. The system would provide free health missions review all the requests for funding, Today it is our turn. We now have an care-in the model bill, this covers every­ the often non-represented citizen group-­ opportunity to join with our President in thing from emergency treatment to free which is small and very local to the com­ insuring the availability of park lands drugs, eye glasses and services for the munity area-finds little left for funding for people and reservations for wildlife elderly-according to standards established the citizen program. which will have everlasting value to our by a National Health Board. The system would be financed by a steeply progressive I urge my colleagues to support H.R. Nation. tax on personal and corporate incomes. 13636 and its provisions for funding In Illinois we have little national park­ The system also would take over medical community efforts to mobilize against land. The President's plan may enable us education. All "health workers" would be crime; I commend to their attention the to share in the benefits long held by our trained in schools run by district boards, following letter from the Capitol East fellow citizens in other States. The Lake which would pay tuition and support. A man­ Community Crime Council: Michigan Beach National Lakeshore datory period of service would be required CAPITOL EAST COMMUNITY proposed for the waterfront between after completion of training, with workers CRIME COUNCIL, Chicago and Milwaukee might be an in­ being distributed according to community Washington, D.C., August 24, 1976. valuable asset for much of the upper needs. Curriculum at each school would be Hon JONATHAN B. BINGHAM, Midwest. The President's proposal will determined by the district board, which U.S. House of Representatives, Room 2241, would be required to give priority to leading enable us to take a serious look at the Rayburn House Office Building, practicality of establishing such a park. causes of illness in its district. Washington, D.C. As for the future, the chief IPS program DEAR CONGRESSMAN BINGHAM: The Council The President's Bicentennial Land now in the works is "an alternative federal wishes to express its appreciation for your Heritage program will make it possible budget." Last year, at the request of 47 House support of citizen involvement in the pre­ for us to complete the long-delayed Democrats, the Institute prepared a study of vention of crime. Indiana Dunes National Lakeshore to the the President's 1976 budget. Composed Our Crime Council represents a very sig­ east of Chicago. It will insure the preser­ mainly of essays by members of the study nificant area of the District of Columbia vation of millions of acres of Alaskan group, it also contained a number of legis­ and is a recently funded program by LEAA lands. It will offer the opportunity to lative recommendations, including immedi­ funds earmarked for citizen participation in study the vast recreational potential of ate increases in corporate taxes and taxes on the fight against crime The District has in­ "unearned" income; control of prices or troduced this as a first thrust in the funding lands in and near many cities. bookkeeping practices to prevent these in­ of individual community areas through citi­ Today the challenge rests with us in creased taxes from being passed to the con­ zen administration. Our program will de­ Congress to carry out the program pro­ sumer; enabling legislation to allow more velop volunteers from every block of the posed by our President and so important community control over corporations, espe- target area who will serve as block leaders of to our people. 28440 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS August 30, 1976 NEW YORK'S ENVIRONMENTAL which states that achieving the same stand­ produced confusion and unnecessary expense PROTECTION AGENCY ENDORSES ards as proposed by Waxman and Maguire for pension plans. THE WAXMAN-MAGUIRE AMEND­ would boost the new car price about $120. I have recently, Mr. Commissioner, learned MENT At 2 percent of a $6,000 car, this seems a of a most troublesome development--the in­ reasonable investment to achieve the $3-12 ability of different parts of even the same billion in benefits from reduced damages to agency to coordinate policy and requirements health and property from auto-related pol­ within that single agency. The agency in­ HON. HENRY A. WAXMAN lutants projected in a 1975 National Acad­ volved is the Internal Revenue Service. OF CALIFORNIA emy of Sciences study. It ha.s come to my attention that a pension The Dingell delay would require the im­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES plan administrator on the West Coast sub­ position of overly restrictive controls on mitted to the Regional ffiS office a request to Monday, August 30, 1976 vehicle use in New York City and other terminate a plan. The application was re­ major urban areas to protect the public from jected as incomplete, because Form 5310, not Mr. WAXMAN. Mr. Speaker, P-eter excessive pollution. Berle, the Commissioner of New York yet issued, was not attached to the request to Mr. Dingell's appeal for swift legislative terminate. That a plan is unable to terminate State's Department of Environmental action is appropriate. But Congress must because it has not completed a non-existent Protection, has today endorsed, in a make it clear that air standards essential for form is clearly a regrettable situation. But letter to the New York Times, the public health must be achieved. even more distressing, Mr. Commissioner, is Waxman-Maguire automobile emissions PETER A. A. BERLE, the respone of an official in the I.R.S. Na­ amendment. New York State Commissioner Envi­ tional Office for Employee Benefit Plans; ronmental Conservation, Albany, namely, that a completed Form 5310 is not Mr. Berle's letter documents that Rep­ Aug. 27, 1976. resentative DING ELL's assertions to the even required in order for a pension to suc­ contrary, tougher automobile emissions' cessfully terminate! controls are essential to protect public I am sure that you can understand the frustration produced by this series of agency health from harmful tailpipe exhausts. ERISA non-communication and simple error. Ad­ Mr. Berle further points out that the mittedly ERISA is a complex statute and cost of meeting these standards would clearly the administration of its regulatory add only 2 percent to the average price HON. JOHN H. DENT scheme is a difficult task. But situations like of the 1977 automobiles. Finally, Mr. that involving Form 5310 must be avoided if Berle makes the telling argument that OF PENNSYLVANIA ERISA is to work. any extensive delays in reducing auto IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES I urge you to take whatever action is neces­ exhausts will only force our major urban Monday, August 30, 1976 sary to avoid this kind of mix-up in the fu­ ture. The effective administration of ERISA areas into resorting to other unpopular Mr. DENT. Mr. Speaker, nearly 2 years and burdensome transportation control is sufficiently difficult without the confusion ago the Congress enacted into law the and frustration produced by episodes lilt~ strategies to reduce pollution levels. Employee Retirement Income Security that involving Form 5310. I urge my colleagues to review Mr. Act of 1974. We believed at that time With every kind regard, I am Berle's letter, which is attached, and to that ERISA would prove to be a good and Sincerely yours, vote for the Waxman-Maguire automo­ workable piece of legislation, and on the JOHN H. DENT, bile emissions amendment. whole I believe that has been the Chairman. The letter follows: experience. FOR EMISSIONS CONTROL Now But we also knew when we passed To THE EDIToR: As the official responsible ERISA that it would not prove to be a for preserving the environment of a state perfect law. We realized that in a field as EXPi\NDED FUNDING OF NATIONAL which will be one of the chief beneficiaries PARKS AND Wn.DLIFE REFUGES of cleaner auto exhaust, I must reply to Rep­ complex as Federal regulation of pen­ resentative Dingell's defense to his amend­ sion and welfare plans, problems would ment to delay automotive emission controls arise that were unforeseeable when the (letter Aug. 25) . law was passing through the legislative HON. JOHN J. RHODES The Dlngell-Broyhill (Train) proposal, ex­ process. · OF ARIZONA tending until 1982 the auto emission stand­ One of the most troublesome and per­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES ard now mandated for 1978, will result in the sistent problems that has arisen involves Monday, August 30, 1976 continuation of conditions which jeopardize the inability of the various agencies public health in certain sections of New York charged with administering the law to Mr. RHODES. Mr. Speaker, President State. In midtown Manhattan carbon mon­ fully coordinate their activities. Ford's proposal, made yesterday at Yel­ oxide levels reach 24 ppm for eight hours. lowstone National Park, for expanded This is almost three times the standard es­ I learned last week of an even more tablished by E.P.A. as the maximum permis­ disturbing problem-the inability of even funding of our national parks and wild­ sible level requisite to protect the public a single agency to coordinate its own ac­ life refuges, is a momentous one for our health (9 ppm). Thus, there must be a 65 tions. I would like to draw the attention country. We had the first national system percent reduction in carbon monoxide levels of the House to this example of bureau­ of parks in the world and, as you know, if public health standards are to be achieved. one of its leading attractions is the The alternative proposal by Representa­ cratic bungling, in the hope that other Grand Canyon in my own State. tives Waxman and Maguire is, itself, a com­ Members might help prevent similar oc­ promise measure, but would enable us to currences in their areas of legislative Since 1966, the number of areas of the meet the 1978 standards by 1980, two years oversight. system has increased 28 percent while sooner than Mr. Dingell's. Contrary to his My letter of August 26 to Commissioner the number of Park Service employees claims, there is widespread agreement among Alexander of the Internal Revenue Serv­ has increased 24 percent. But in those 10 diverse expert groups that the technology years the number of park visits has in­ exists to meet this standard. ice follows : AUGUST 26, 1976. creased 101 percent-more than double The 15 percent fuel economy penalty of Hon. DONALD ALEXANDER, 1966. In a single decade we have dropped controlling emissions is overstated by Mr. from one employee for every 22,045 visits Dingell. A joint analysis by the Federal Commissioner, Internal Revenue Service, Energy Administration and the Environmen­ Washington, D.O. to one employee for every 35,695 visits. DEAR MR. COMMISSIONER: As part Of its tal Protection Agency in April 1976 calcul­ Now the President has proposed this oversight activities, the Subcommittee on ated such a loss in the range of 3-12 percent great new initiative. I do not need to t-ell for one or two model years. Since then, a Labor Standards and its Pension Task Force you what it will mean in terms of pro­ light production automobile model with a are constantly reviewing developments in­ volving the administration of the Employee tecting the vast and varied resources of conventional engine and three-way catalysts, the parks, refuges, and historic sites. has achieved emission standards with a 10 Retirement Income Security Act of 1974. percent fuel improvement. One of the recurring problem areas has That is why I commend the action of Mr. Dingell's claim that the retail price involved the joint Labor Department-Inter­ the President, an action that will do would be increased $340 by emissions con­ nal Revenue Service administration of much much toward relieving the problems cur­ trols is not supported by the conclusions of a of the law. Difficulties of the agencies in co­ rently being faced by our parks and other F.E.A.-D.O.T.-E.P.A. report of April 1976 ordinating their activities have on occasion prized outdoor areas. August 30, 1976 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 28441 HONOR CODE SINGLE SANCTION extremely stiff competition. One enters the Military Academy. "Student Attrition at West Point with much prestige but leaves the Five Federal Service Academies," a report as an Honor Code violator in permanent by the General Accounting Office, March 5, HON. THOMAS J. DOWNEY disgrace. Reputable colleges and univer­ 1976, cited in 122 Gong, Rec. 3485 (June 18, versities, such as the University of Notre 1976) (remarks of Cong. Benjamin A. Gil­ OF NEW YORK Dame, the Citadel, the College of the Holy man) . Thus, each cadet expelled from an IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Cross and Miami University of Ohio, have academy may represen.t the loss to the public Monday, August 30, 1976 said recently by letter that they would not taxpayer of thousands of dollars of public even consider admitting to their school a funds already spent on training the cadet. In Mr. DOWNEY of New York. Mr. person expelled from West Point as an recent years cadet attrition at the academies ~peaker. there is now before the House Honor Code violator. has been alarmingly high and growing at au Subcommittee on Military Personnel Several courts have recognized the severe unprecedented rate, causing many authori­ hearings which are centered on the consequences of expelling a student from ties to question the economic utility of even college. As stated by federal District Court having the academies. See generally, Rose, A merits and shortcomings of Secretary Judge Doyle, for example, in Soglin v. Kauff­ Prayer for Relief, at 158-165. Of uncalculable of the Army Martin Hoffman's recently man, 295 F. Supp. 978, 988 (W D. Wise. loss is the value to the United States of the announced plan for administering justice 1968), aff'd, 418 F.2d 163 (7th Cir. 1969) : services as a military officer of a cadet ex­ of 202 cadets charged with violation of "I take notice that in the present day, pelled from an academy. the honor code at the U.S. Military expulsion from an institution of higher F. "[A]s a recent study of college dis­ Academy. Mr. Hoffmann has proposed learning, or suspension for a period of time cipline demonstrates, the common notion those cadets found guilty of collaboration substantial enough to prevent one from that Draconian penalties alone decrease the obtaining academic credit for a particular incidence of campus misconduct is simply be given a 1-year suspension from the term, may well be, and often is in fact, a Academy at which time they will be unfounded." Rose, A Prayer for Relief at 106- more severe sanction than a monetary fine 107, citing Salem & Bowers, Severety of For­ allowed to apply for readmission to the or a relatively brief confinement imposed mal Sanctions as a Deterrent to Deviant Be­ upcoming year's senior class. The plan by a court in a criminal proceeding." havior, 5 Law & Soc. Rev. 21 (1970). This offers an alternative to the single sanc­ In view of the magnitude to a cadet of study concludes that factors other tP.an the tion before now, implicit within the honor the consequences of expulslon, it seems existence of a singularly severe penalty de­ code. The following memorandum, writ­ that a cadet should be expelled from West termine the extent of compliance with a col­ ten by Michael T. Rose, Attorney for the Point only for an exceptionally serious of­ lege honor code. Rose, A Prayer for Relief at cadets, offers some valuable insights into fense. 106-107. C. Failure even to consider a penalty less G. "A cadet convicted of an honor viola­ the single sanction question. While I may burdensome than that imposed can violate tion 'may truly [have] learned the lesson for not agree totally with all the points due process of law. See Jacob Siegel Co. v. which the Honor Code was intended' and be made by Mr. Rose in his memorandum, I FTC, 327 U.S. 608, 613-14 ( 1946); Rose, A worthy of becoming an officer and an Acad­ offer it to my colleagues for their edifi­ Prayer for Relief at 105-107. Moreover, a emy graduate." Rose, A Prayer for Relief at cation. penalty must be reasonable. See FTC v. Royal 107 (citations omitted). The memorandum follows: Milling Co., 288 U.S. 212, 217 ( 1933); Rose, H. Apparently recognizing the above-stated A Prayer for Relief at 105. principles, for years each of the other four MEMORANDUM ABOUT WHY WEST POINT D. As stated in the Report of [the] Super­ SHOULD NoT EXPEL EVERY CADET FOUND federal military academies has permitted intendent's Special Study Group on Honor some Cadet Honor Code violators not to be GUILTY OF VIOLATING THE CADET HONOR at West Point (hereinafter referred to as the CODE expelled. Thus, at the Naval, Air Force, Coast "West Po-int Superintendent's Report"), Guard and Merchant Marine Academies a At the present there is only one penalty fo:r which oublished in May, 1973, the results violating West Point's Cadet Honor Code: Cadet Honor Code violator may receive a of a several month official study by West penalty less severe than expulsion or even expulsion. No other penalty is even con­ Point of the West Point Honor System: sidered. Several factors suggest that in some no penalty at all. See, e.g., Rose, A Prayer for "The USMA Honor Code is a clear and Relief at 105-107; West Point Superintend­ cases one or more penalties other than ex­ simple statement of an unattainable level pulsion, such as probation, restriction to ent's Study, Annex D. It is unrealistic to sup­ of human behavior. [O]n 1 October 1974, pose that the standards of integrity or the campus, "tours," demerits, or attendance at the Secretary of the Army expressed appre­ a mandatory ethics course, should be given a severity of Honor Code violation penalties for hensions concerning the Honor Code . . . the cadets or graduates of West Point need cadet for violating the Cadet Honor Code. summarized by General Berry, the Superin­ This memorandum describes reasons why be any greater than that of the cadets or tendent, as follows: graduates of any of the other four academies. West Point's policy of expulsion being the "West Point Honor Code does not equip Indeed, there is no reason to suppose that only penalty for an Honor Code violation the USMA graduate to deal with the 'realities' should be changed permanently and why in the standards of integrity of West Point grad­ of today's world. It is •too ideaUstic, too uates in fact are higher than those of any particular the cadets currently accused of absolute! 'Cadets are kicked out of USMA violating the Cadet Honor Code should not for actions considered 'honor violations' other officers. As concluded by Congressman be expelled from West Point. Thomas J. Downey, D.-N.Y., in his recent which junior officers would suffer no pen­ report about the present cheating scandal I. WHY EXPULSION SHOULD NOT BE THE ONLY alty for same action. " ... It is unrealistic to assume that any­ at West Point: PENALTY FOR VIOLATING WEST POINT'S CADET " ... West Point graduates are apparently HONOR CODE one complies fully with the prescriptions of the Code, yet the system is keyed to right­ as susceptible to the pressures to lie in the A. Not all honor code violations are alike. U.S. Army as other officers. For all we invest Cadets have been expelled from the acade­ eously imposing the ultimate sanction on a cadet whose transgression of the Code comes in the honor code, these graduates of the mies as honor code violators for trivial acts, Academy were apparently no more or less such as asking a roomate how to spell a to its attention ... by removing the facade of dishonest than other officers of similar rank word to be used in a research paper (con­ a decision that a man is honorable or dis­ and experience." honorable based on the commitment of a sidered cheating at West Point) and taking 122 Gong. Rec. 19764 (June 22, 1976) (re­ a dime left in the coin return of a pay tele­ specific transgression, judgments will be nec­ marks of Cong. Thomas J. Downey). phone (considered stealing at the Air Force essary that will lack the simplistic purity The Board of Visitors of the Air Force Academy). See Rose, A Prayer for Relief: The they have had in the past ... [T]his is the nature of human affairs and cadets should Academy has concluded formally that the constitutional Infirmities of the Military Air Force Academy's practice of allowing Academies' Conduct, Honor and Ethics Sys­ not be encouraged to believe otherwise; men some Honor Code violators to remain at the tems (New York University School of Law are not simply honorable or dishonorable, Academy instead of being automatically ex­ 1973) (hereafter "Rose, A Prayer for Relief"). but fall along the continuum between these pelled in every case is "a definite step toward two positions." These acts do not seem as serious as, for humanizing the honor code." Report of the example, stealing a shirt from a store. Yet Id. at 6. (Emphasis added.) "Although the Board of Visitors, U.S. Air Force Academy 16 at West Point all honor code violators are Honor Code is a worthy goal, it is not a (1967). treated alike. Acts of lesser importance would usable criterion of behavior." Id. at 9. I. Also apparently recognizing the fore­ seem to warrant a penalty less than expul­ If, as the West Point Superintendent's Re­ going principles, within the last few years sion, if any. port concludes, the Cadet Honor Code sets several authorities have strongly advocated B. Expulsion from a service academy is a standard of human behavior that is un­ that West Point abolish its expulsion only an extremely severe penalty having irrep­ realistic, unattainable and not necessarily policy for all Honor Code violations. For ex­ arable and permanent consequences. An indicative of whether or not a man is "hon­ ample, the Superintendent's Special Study expelled cadet loses an opportunity for an orable" or "dishonorable," it seems unrea­ Group on Honor at West Point recommended excellent West Point education and forfeits sonable to impose expulsion automatically formally that "the [Cadet] Honor Com­ his chosen career as an Army officer. Cadets for every violation of the Cadet Honor Code. mittee ... have the authority to retain go to West Point by Congressional or Pres1- E. The cost of educating each cadet in a violator" and that the U.S. Military Acad­ d.ent1al appointment as the winner in some the graduating class of 1974 was $97,200 for emy regulation requiring that an Honor 28442 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS August 30, 1976 Code violator "shall be separated" from West the majority (54.6%) of the Cadet Corps was what is and is not deemed an Honor Code Point be changed to "may be separated" deemed insufficient to change the policy; a violation instead of on the broader concepts from West Point. West Point Superintend­ two-third vote was deemed necessary for and the traits which the Honor Code is ent's Study at E-2, F-11. (Emphasis added.) this change in the Cadet Honor Sy$tem due m~ant to help instill. Consequently, cadets Justification for this recommended change largely, evidence indicates, to the influence in this class had less regard for the Honor in policy includes the following: exerted on the Cadet Honor Committee by Code. ·'The Honor Code and System should con­ West Point faculty members against this c. The Class of 1977 entered West Point stitute a training vehicle which hopefully change. during the Watergate crisis and in the after­ strengthens and complements high ideals of Change of the expulsion only policy is math of massive public evidence of gross honor and integrity in the supposed char­ inevitable; as stated by one high-placed breaches of integrity by academy graduates acter traits of incoming new cadets . . . I! government attorney (who must remain in high ranking positions. These breaches ~ the Honor Code) is to properly function as anonymous), the real issue is whether the included the systematic falsification of change will be made after or before the cadets a training vehicle, the Code and System must bombing reports for 1 Y2 years to mask the allow for further learning and maturing of currently charged are expelled. conduct of a secret war in Cambodia. and the individual cadet. The adoption of There are significant mitigating factors the theft of top secret documents from the ... recommendation should strengthen which support a conclusion that the cadets President Nixon and Dr. Henry Kissinger the Code and System by tempering its spirit currently accused of collaborating should at the direction of the Joint Chiefs of in the applications of its one sanction, sepa­ not be expelled. Staff. These events made it more diffi,.:tlt for ration, and afford the Honor Committee the A. MUCH OF THE BLAME FOR THE COLLABORATION a cadet to take the Cadet Honor Code as opportunity to retain violators in unusual BY THE CADETS CANNOT BE PLACED ON THE seriously as in the past. and limited circumstances." CADETS BUT MUST BE SHARED BY THE OFFI­ 3. Electrical engineering instructors used Id. at E-2. (Emphasis added.) See Rose, A CIALS AT WEST POINT as experts in the prosecution of cadets have Prayer for Relief at 105-107. Many cadets did collaborate on a "take testified under oath that, based solely upon Cadets, officers and others also have ex­ home" problem assigned to them as part comparing the home study problem papers, pressed support for penalizing some Honor of an Electrical Engineering 304 course re­ a minimum of 400-600 of the 850 cadets in Code violations other than by expulsion. As quirement. Those cadets who did so com­ the Class of 1977 collaborated on the home stated ,in the West Point Superintendent's mitted a wrong and may have violated the study problem. It defies logic to conclude Study at E-1. Cadet Honor Code. However, there are signi­ that colla!k>ration on the "take home" "The results of research in the area of ficant mitigating circumstances that suggest problem by over half of what academy offi­ public attitudes and the attitudes of the these cadets should not be expelled for their cials say is some of the "cream of the crop" cadets and USMA staff and faculty indicate wrongdoing: of America's youths is attributable mostly that a significant number regard the Cadet 1. West Point significantly contributed to to basic character flaws in each and every Honor System as being too absolute and in­ causing the cadets t.:> collaborate. Through­ one of these young men. humane in its administration of the Code. out the first semester and the first half of The research also reflects an expressed need the second semester of the Class of 1977's B. THE COST OF EXPELLING 400-600 CADETS FOR for the adoption of some sort of 'second junior year, each cadet was given a home COLLABORATING ON THE "TAKE HOME" PROB­ chance' concept." study problem to work as part of his prep­ LEM FAR EXCEEDS ANY VALUE TO BE GAINED The results of a survey of cadet attitudes aration for each class of his two Electrical THEREFROM published in the West Point Superintendent's Engineering courses. These problems were By now about $75,000 has been expended Study at c-1-6, concludes that "[s]ixty-two not taken up by the instructors nor were to train each of the cadets being considered percent of the Corps indicated that some they graded. The cadets were told they could for expulsion. Thus, expulsion of 500 cadets honor violations should be considered 'mi­ collaborate, and in fact did collaborate, as in the Class of 1977 would cost the taxpayers nor' and therefore penalized by something the purpose of their working the problems directly over $37,500,000. The indirect cost short of separation" and that only 28% of the was not to test the cadets• knowledge but to of the loss of the services of these cadets Corps of Cadets disagreed with that position. prapare for the quiz given the cadets dur­ as officers during an Army career is incal­ In the Fall of 1975, 54.6% of the Corps of ing each class. Thus, by the time the cadets culable. Other losses to West Point by con­ Cadets voted to abolish the policy of expul­ were given a "take-home" problem last tinuing the prosecution of cadets-losses in sion as the only penalty for violating the March which was to be graded and on part prestige, and internal strife within the Cadet Honor Code. of which they were not to collaborate, for academy's faculty and within the Corps of Within the past two weeks the Cadet over six months they had been collaborating Cadets--are incalculable. In addition, over Honor Committee formally recommended, for on Electrical Engineering take-home prob­ sixty military attorneys, or about 5% of all the first time within memory, that a cadet lems with the faculty's approval and en­ Army lawyers, from -around the world now it found guilty of violating the Honor Code couragement. By having helped get cadets are stationed at West Point, at considerable not be expelled. See The New York Times, in the habit of collaborating on take-home cost to the American taxpayer, devoting full July 24, 1976, at 26. The Honor Committee problems in this manner for several months, time to prosecuting and to defending cadets. made this recommendation because it per­ West Point, while not entrapping cadets, did Another fifty military attorneys are on ceived that the cadet found guilty of vio­ induce the cadets to collaborate in a similar stand-by to augment the more than sixty lating the Cadet Honor Code nevertheless manner on the graded "take-home" problem now there. The presence of these attorneys given them in March, 1976. prosecuting and defending cB~ctets has was an honorable man and would make a fine The giving of a two-week "take-: ome" officer. created a siege atmosphere at West Point. problem, permitting cadets to collaborate on In contrast, the value to West Point of People of prominence, including Senators, part of the problem but prohibiting them Congressmen, the Secretary of the Army and expelling all these cadets instead of giving from collaborating on another part of the them a pardon or some sort of an inter­ the Superintendent of the U.S. Military problem, as well as the pressures and what Academy have expressed support for aboli­ mediate penalty seems nonexistent or mini­ many say is the poor quality of academic in­ mal. tion of this expulsion only policy. struction at West Point also may have con­ Recently Congressman Thomas J. Downey, tributed to inducing the cadets to colla­ C. THE SEVERITY OF IMPROPRIETIES COMMITTED D.-N.Y., concluded after investigating the borate on the problem. BY WEST POINT IN HANDLING THIS CHEATING current cheating scandal at West Point that: 2. Several factors adversely affected the SCANDAL FAR EXCEEDS ANYTHING ANY OF THE "[A]t West Point ... values are imposed respect and regard the cadets who colla­ CADETS HAVE DONE upon cadets in a manner which artificially borated, almost all of whom are in the Class The most serious single impropriety com­ elevates many of the daily vicissitudes of of 1977, have for their Cadet Honor Code: mitted by West Point in handling this cheat­ cadet life to the level of great moral dilem­ a. The Chairman of the Cadet Honor Com­ ing scandal was to abolish the functions of mas. Too often . . . relatively minor trans­ mittee, who was in charge of the training the Cadet Honor Committee and to substi­ gressions committed by young men at the of the Class of 1977 during its plebe year tute therefor boards of officers called Inter­ Academy are converted by the system into about the Honor Code and the Honor Sys­ nal Review Panels ("IRP's"). Such inter­ great failings of character. As a result, many tem, himself left West Point that same ference with the normal functions of the men of great potential are needlessly ex­ year on several counts of Honor Code vio­ Cadet Honor Committee violates a. sacred pelled; and those who remain are left con­ lations. This has been recognized as having compact, understanding and contract be­ fused and discouraged by the apparent un­ disillusioned these cadets during their tween the cadets and West Point, as well as fairness of the system." freshman year at the stage which most West Point's own regulations, providing that 122 Cong. Rec. 19763 (June 22, 1976) (re­ significantly influenced their impressions a cadet accused of an Honor Code violation marks of Cong. Thomas J. Downey). about the Cadet Honor Code. will be judged by his peers and found gull ty ll. WHY TWE: CADETS CURRENTLY ACCUSED OF b. In years past initial training about the of violating the Honor Code only by a unani­ VIOLATING THE CADET HONOR CODE BY COL­ Cadet Honor Code focused on broad con­ mous 12-0 vote using a standard of "beyond LABORATING SHOULD NOT BE EXPELLED FROM cepts of ch-aracter and integrity with the a reasonable doubt." Instead, cadets are now WEST POINT Honor Code being one of the means of de­ judged by a. board of officers and found gull ty Despite the sound reasons and strong sup­ veloping that end. With the Class of 1977 by a mere 2-1 vote that there exists "some port described above for aboliShing West initial Honor Code training focused, accord­ evidence" that an Honor Code violation has Point's expulsion-as-the-only-penalty policy, ing to West Point officials, on the Honor been committed. A tape recording iS kept of that policy remains unchanged. A vote by Code as the end. Honor training focused on the proceedings of each Cadet Honor Board August 30, 1976 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 28443 but no record is kept of the proceedings of matter. This overdue change must be made sumption is incorrect. I direct my col­ the Internal Review Panels. now, before the majority of the Class of 1977 leagues' attention to my remarks of The Internal Review Panels have com­ is expelled. A pardon or a penalty less than June 10, 1976-17585-in which I point mitted numerous procedural improprieties expulsion is appropriate for these cadets which severely violate the statutory and in light of their having been lured by West out the numerous and increasing in­ the constitutional rights of the cadets: Point to collaborate and of all the other stances where the Arabs have abandoned 1. Cadets appear before the Internal Re­ mitigating circumstances. political and boycott rhetoric r a ther than view Panels thinking that they are to be The acts committed by these cadets under forego a contract with an American com­ onlv a witness but discover for the first time these circumstances do not mean neces­ pany, even with one explicitly on the upon appearing before the IRP that they are sarily that over one-half of a West Point blacklist. Fw·thermore, an increasing the accused. Th us, cadets receive inadequate class of the best of America's youths have the number of Arab businessmen are express­ basic character fl.a.w of dishonesty. To these notice of the purpose a:nd the scope of the ing private misgivings about the boycott hearing. cadets at West Point, collaborating on this 2. Cadets have been assigned a defense take-home problem as they did was not a which they consider to be an obstacle to attorney with whom to consult before ap­ great moral transgression. It had little sig­ rapid economic development. pearing before an ffiP but in fact none was nificance and was easy for them because the The second assumption of those who • available for consultation. This violates Arti­ system at West Point made it easy and warn of trade diversion is that European cle 31 of the Uniform Code of Military Jus­ seemingly of little significance for them. and other developed countries have taken tice. Again, while collaborating in this man­ a supine position on the issue of the boy­ 3. Cadets h ave been advised they have a ner may not in itself be a matter of little cott and would be only pleased to wel­ righ t to remain silent during an mP hear­ significance, it was made to seem that way to too ing but subsequently have been advised that these cadets by the West Point system itself. come compliance with the Arab boycott remaining silent would imply their guilt or · The very fact that over one-half of an entire as a price for additional Arab trade. This literally have been ordered to testify. This West Point class heretofore considered to assumption is also manifestly false. In­ violates Article 31 of the Uniform Code of consist of honorable men collaborated on this deed, in some respects Europe may have Military Justice. "take home" problem for which they had so taken a harder line against boycott com­ 4. A member of at least one IRP board had little to gain (it counted less than 5% of the pliance than the United States. accused the cadet before him of plagiariz­ final course grade) supports this conclusion. Germany offers a fine example. It is ing. The cadet was unsuccessful in challeng­ Collaboration in this manner was, in fact, ing off his ffiP hearing panel for bias. this merely a response of the cadets to the West Israel's largest trading partner after the officer who stood as his accuser. Thus, cadets Point system. They collaborat ed simply as United States. It is also the principal are not permitted to challenge an officer off they had been in the habit of doing, class competitor of the United States in the his IRP purely for cause. after class, month after month. Cadets have sale of high technology equipment and 5. Dadets are not present when witnesses little respect for a system which stresses services to the Arabs. Yet German in­ testify or give information about them. above all else strict adherence to the unrealis­ dustry has vigorously opposed compli­ Thus, cadets are denied a right to confront tic "letter of the code" under the threat ance with Arab boycott conditions. There and to cross-examine witnesses. of automatic explusion instead of adherence are virtually no reported instances of 6. Cadets acquitted by a Cadet Honor Com­ to the spirit of the Honor Code and emphasis mittee have been retried for the same offense on tlle Code merely as a moons to the end German acquiescence in boycott de­ before an Internal Review Panel. Thus, cadets of developing in cadets fundamental char­ mands. Indeed as recently as March, the are placed in double jeopardy. acter traits such as honestly and integrity. Hamburg Chamber of Commerce labeled 7. Cadets have been spoken to in an accu­ MICHAEL T. RoSE, Esq., the Arab boycott as a "particularly gro­ satorial tone, intimidated, and generally 953 Filmore Street, tesque strain of discrimination against treated like criminals. In some cases it has Denver, Colo 80206, August 3, 1976. freedom of trade." Since 1965, West Ger­ been said by officers that the cadets have the man chambers of commerce have refusec. burden of proving their innocence rather than that the government has the burden EUROPEAN REACTION TO THE to validate all so-called negative certifi­ cates of origin, that is, declarations of proving the cadet's guilt. ARAB BOYCOTT Cadets have been segregated from the rest that goods are not of Israeli origin. This of the Corps, relieved of summer duty assign­ position has the support of almost all ments, stripped of their rank and barred HON. BENJAMIN S. ROSENTHAL German business organizations. This re­ from certain areas of the Post-actions which OF NEW YORK solve has evidently been successful since directly contribute to an atmosphere of IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Bonn's Economic Ministry claims to have guilt-even though they merely have been no record of any export contract breach accused and not yet finally found guilty by Monday, August 30, 1976 an officer board. resulting from this refusal to validate Some cadets are now being required to skip Mr. ROSENTHAL. Mr. Speaker, the boycott documents. Although there are an internal review panel hearing altogether House International Relations Commit­ reportedly 200 German firms on the and to go directly to an officer board. These tee, of which I am a member, is expected Arab blacklist, many businesses main­ cadets are thereby deprived of the opportu­ to consider on Tuesday legislation to out­ tain parallel links with the Israelis and nities to confront and to respond to evidence law all American compliance with the the Arabs. given other cadets taken before an ffiP. Arab boycott. Few people in business or One highly publicized instance of Ger­ In sum, while those cadets who are guilty government question the desirability of man resistance to boycott pressures in­ of violating the Cadet Honor Code may have an end to the boycott. It has a serious volves a recent license granted by Volks­ committed a wrong, their wrong simply does wagen an Israel firm for the produc­ not warrant their expulsion. Any benefit ac­ anticompetitive effect upon American to cruing to West Point from expelling such a business, hurts one of our country's tion of the Wankel rotary engine. The large number of cadets is so small in compar­ staunchest allies and fosters discrimina­ Arab Boycott Committee had responded ison with the irreparable injury caused tion based on race, religion, and sex. The by threatening to place VW on the black­ cadets and the country by expulsion as to principal argument raised against a list. VW refused to withdraw the license render expulsion unreasonable and unneces­ strong antiboycott stance is its possible and to the best of my knowledge main­ sary. Cadets in their formulative develop­ damage to American/Arab business rela­ tains its opposition to any Arab dicta­ ment stage of life should be given a second tions. tion related to its substantial Israeli chance rather than automatically expelled, trade. especially if they have learned from their I have reservations about whether the mistakes and, as in this case, West Point has impact upon Arab/ American trade should The Common Market has also been substantially caused the problem. (If Presi­ play a major role in any decision involv­ outspoken in its opposition to the Arab dent Nixon can be pardoned, why cannot ing basic American principles. N everthe­ boycott. Article 85 of the Treaty of Rome these cadets?) Rather than subjecting the less, I do feel a need to put in clearer establishnig the EEC prohibits ''the con­ cadets to continued shame, humiliation, em­ perspective the real risk of diversion of clusion of contracts subject to accept­ barrassment and irreparable damage to their Arab trade to other developed countries. ance by other parties of supplementary future lives and careers, attention should be focused on the more serious wrongs commit­ The argument that this risk is substan­ obligations which ... have no connec­ ted by West Point and on the defects that tial is founded upon two assumptions: tion with the subject of such contracts." obviously must exist 1n a system in which The first assumption is that the Arabs In trade agreements concluded or being two-thirds of an entire academy class are value the continuation of the secondary negotiated with Arab states, the EEC close to being expelled from West Point. boycott more dearly than they value the is insisting upon insertion of clauses out­ Abolition of expulsion as the only penalty preservation of mutually advantageous, lawing discrimination among nationals, for violating the Cadet Honor Code has been long-standing, and lucrative trade rela­ companies, or firms of the Common advocated by all authorities considering the tions. All indications are that this as- Market. While the Arab signatories, in- CXXII--1793-Part 22 28444 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS August 30, 1976 eluding Tunisia, Egypt, Lebanon, Mor<><;­ is not without recourse. The General economic crisis, and that we are drifting co and Algeria, have issued reservations Agreement on Tariffs and Trade­ and need to get moving again. But there is a gainst these clauses, the EEC has in­ GATT-to which not only developed something more than that. After all we h ave been through in recent years, we need to formed Egypt that it considers a proper countries but even Egypt and Kuwait are have our faith in our government restored. respect for the nondiscrimination clause parties almost certainly forbids the im­ We want to believe once again that our n a ­ essential to the full implementation of position of discriminatory boycotts such t ional leaders are honorable and competent the trade agreement. As one member of as the Arabs against third parties to a and deserving of our trust. For if we cannot the EEC Commission put it, conflict. As long as the United States believe that, little else matters. The Commission considers [that] Arab submitted to boycott pressures, it was RESTORATION OF FAITH d iscriminatory boycott measures are con­ naturally reluctant to raise these prohibi­ I h ave thought for some time t hat t h!s trary to the principles of cooperation which tions with other developed countries. This year's campaign was taking place on two t he community wishes to establish with the reluctance should end with the passage distinct levels. At our level, and quit e prop­ Arab countries.... of strong domestic antiboycott legisla­ erly, there is policy, and the economy. I n tion. many hundreds of public forums I h ave d ir; ­ The British position on the boycott cussed all these issues with ou r people for • was expressed in November 1975 by the While no one can predict to a certainty 20 months, and later this month I will make t hen Secretary of State for Trade, Peter the impact on United States/Arab trade statements on defense and veterans' affairs, Shore, as follows: relations of antiboycott legislation, all agriculture and economics. But today I This Government deplores and is opposed the evidence suggests any trade diversion would like to discuss with you the oth'3r to any boycott that lacks international sup­ would be minor and shortlived. The level of this year's campaign, the less tangi­ port and authority. Arabs are highly unlikely to allow en­ ble issue, which is simply the desire of the In a celebrated case last winter, the forcement of a secondary boycott to in­ American people to have faith again in our own government. British Foreign Office Race Relations terfere with their long-term development We have been through too much in t oo Board required Gulf Oil Co. to award plans and they are not going to find that short a time. Our national nightmare began compensation and to reinstate a secre­ other developed countries are substan­ with the assassination of John Kennedy, a n d tary whose promotion had been with­ tially more willing than the United States went on to include the assassination of drawn when Gulf had discovered that over the long run to tolerate such dis­ Robert Kennedy, and of Martin Luther King, she had married a Jew. British ef­ criminatory and anticompetitive prac­ Jr., a-nd the wounding of George Wallace. We forts directed against the boycott are tices. watched the widespread opposition to the war in Vietnam, and the division and b it t er­ coordinated by a committee composed of ness that war caused, and the violence in numerous influential businessmen and Chicago in 1968, and the invasion of Cam­ civic leaders. They are in the process of REMARKS OF JIMMY CARTER AT bodia, and the shootings at Kent State, and developing and promoting legislation TOWN HALL FORUM, AUGUST 23, revelations of official lying and spying and which would outlaw all compliance with 1976, LOS ANGELES, CALIF. bugging, the resignations in disgrace of both the boycott. . Richard Nixon and Spiro Agnew, and Other examples of European opposi­ a disclosure that our top security and law tion to the boycott include the Dutch HON. JOHN BRADEMAS enforcement agencies were deliberately and OF INDIANA routinely violating the law. Government's prohibiting notaries from No other generation in American Hist:>ry validating boycott documents and the IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES has ever been subjected to such a battering adoption of Article 15 of the Convention Monday, August 30, 1976 as this. Small wonder, then, that the polit ics of 1976 have turned out to be significant ly establishing the European Free Trade Mr. BRADEMAS. Mr. Speaker, I in­ Association, which prohibits "concerted different from years past. I doubt that fou r sert in the RECORD the text of an out­ years ago or eight years ago a former South­ practices between enterprises which ~ave standing address delivered by Gov. ern governor with no national reputation and as their object or result m the preventiOn, Jimmy Carter at the Town Hall Forum no Washington experience would have been restriction, or distortion of competition in Los Angeles, Calif., on August 23, 1976. able to win the Democratic nomination for within the area of the Association." The The address follows: President. But this year many voters were former law has not prevented widespread looking for new leaders, leaders who were not R E MARKS BY JIMMY CARTER AT TOWN HALL associated with the m.istakes of the past. and growing relations between Dutch in­ FORUM, Los ANGELES, CALIF., AUGUST 23, dustry and the Arabs. According to press This is suggested not only by my own cam­ 1976 paign, but by the success that Governor reports, Saudi Ar&bia has recently placed During the past week, when the attention Jerry Brown achieved in several of the Demo­ huge orders with Dutch firms for the of the political world was focused on the cratic primaries. For, however else we may construction of harbors in Damman and events in Kansas City, I spent most of my dl.ft'er, Governors Brown and Reagan and I Jubail and for the expansion of the Saudi time at my home in Plains, Georgia, reading, have in common the fact that we are all out­ telephone system. Moreover, Egypt is ex­ st udying national issues, talking with siders as far as Washington is concerned, and pected to place an important order ~or friends and advisers, and trying to sort out committed to major changes in our nation's the construction of ships in Dutch shiP­ my thoughts as I look ahead to the Presi­ government if elected President. dential campaign. To want a change, to want a fresh start, to yards. I want to share some of those thoughts want government that is honest and com­ In Canada, the 1975 amendments to with you today, and I want to say at the petent again, is not a partisan issue. Demo­ the Combines Investigation Act forbid outset that my mood is one of corufidence crats and Republicans, liberals and conserva­ conspiracies to restrict competition. Par­ and optimism. Not simply optimism over my tives, all share those fundamental concerns. ties to an agreement which reduces com­ own immediat-e political prospects, but op­ In the last analysis, good government is petition in Canada are subject to crimi­ timism about the future of this country. not a matter of being liberal or conservative. I think, and I believe the American people Good government is the art of doing what is nal prosecution. agree, that this is one of our most important right, and that is far more difficult. To be The impression I and my staff gather elections, that this is one of those elections, liberal or conservative requires only ideology; from numerous conversations with for­ as in 1932 and 1960, when we have a chance to do what is right requires sensitivity and eign diplomatic officials is that the Arab to break with the past and make a fresh wisdom. boycott is a matter of great concern to start in our national affairs. PROGRESS AND PRESERVATION Every election is un.ique, of course. In 1932 other developed countries. Representa­ I think that most Americans are not very tives of countries which have not out­ our nation faced an economic disaster, and our people correctly judged that Franklin ideological. Most Americans share a deep­ lawed compliance with the boycott ex­ Roosevelt was the candidate whose personal seated desire for two goals that might, to an pressed considerable interest in the pros­ character and political courage made him ideological person seem contradictory. We pect that a strong American initiative best qualified to lead. us through that crisis. want both progress and preservation. might prompt their countries to do like­ In 1960 we faced not an economic crisis We want progress because progress is the wise. but a state of spiritual malaise, a sense of very essence of our American dream-the be­ The above analysis should lay to rest national drift, and the people correctly lief that each generation, through hard work, judged that John Kennedy, with all his can give a better life to its children. And in­ the speculations of those who fear that youth and vigor, could. keep his promise to creasingly in this century we have realized u.S. opposition to the boycott would send get the country moving again, as in fact he that it is a proper function of government to the Arabs into the arms of a welcome did. help make that dream come true. and compliant Europe. Indeed, should Today, as we face the election of 1976, I But we do not want reckless change. We some developed countries be slow to fol­ think there is a feeling in the land, much want to preserve what is best in our past­ low the American lead, the United States like those of 1932 and 1960, that we face an our political traditions, our cultural heritage, August 30, 1976 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 28445 our physical resources-as guideposts to our tion in anyone's mind, that I am not anti­ she ran out of money she went to her father future. government. I am anti-waste in government. and he saw to it that her students had milk To walk the line between progress and I don't believe in give-away programs. I don't every morning. preservation, between too much change and believe in wasting money. I do believe in That is the sort of thing that happens too little, is no easy task. It cannot be tough, competent management, and I have when our leaders ignore the human factor achieved by the extremists of either side, by tried to practice it as a naval officer, as a in government, when they think in terms of those who scorn the past or those who fear farmer, as a businessman, and as a governor. statistics and economic theories instead of the future. It can only be accomplished by I also believe fu delivering services to those in terms of rear human needs. leaders who are independent and imaginative people who need those services in an efficient, These leaders are so short-sighted. Doesn't and flexible in their thinking, and are guided economical, and sensitive way. That is not it make more sense to spend money on milk not by closed minds but by common sense. liberal or conservative. It's just good gov­ and education today, to help children get a That is the kind of leadership the Ameri­ ernment, and that's what the American peo­ fair start in life, than to spend money on can people are looking for this year, and that ple want, and what I intend to provide. police and courts and jails ten years from is the kind of leadership that, if elected, I I think the basic issue in t h is campaign is now, when those children have grown up intend to provide. going to be whether we want government untrained for a productive life and turned LEADERSHIP OUT OF TOUCH that looks confident ly to the future, or gov­ against a society that treated their needs ernment that clings fearfully to the past. with indifference? As I have observed the political world in There's a song in the musical "Oklahoma" It has been my experience in government recent years, it has seemed to me that there called "Everything's Up to Date in Kansas that the most profitable investment is in is a process at work, in both political parties City", But I didn't think everything was up people, and that is the rule I will follow if and probably in all nations, by which over to date in Kansas City last week. We kept I become your President. a period of time the political leadership be­ hearing the same old tired rhetoric about comes isolated from, and different from, the GOVERNMENT BY VETO socialism and reckless spending that we've There were many other vetoes. Mr. Ford people they are supposed to serve. been hearing every four years since the It seems almost inevitable that if polit­ vetoed a bill to provide loans and grants to ical leaders stay in power too long, and Roosevelt years. I don't think the American train nurses. He vetoed a biD to send more ride in limousines too long, and eat expen­ people are much impressed by that kind of doctors to rural areas and inner-city slums sive meals in private clubs too long, they rhetoric. The American people don't believe where there are iar too few doctors. He ve­ are going to become cut off from the lives that Social Security and Medicare were reck­ toed a blll to provide job training and col­ less spending, or that TVA and the minimum and concerns of ordinary Americans. It is lege educations for Vietnam veterans, the almost like a law of nature-as Lord Acton wage were socialism. The American people most unappreciated heroes in our nation·s said, power tends to corrupt. consider the source of those charges, and look history. I think this process reached a peak a few at the record, and aren't deceived by the These vetoes haven't helped our economy. years ago, when we had a President who sur­ nay-sayers. They h aven 't balanced the budget--far from rounded himself with people who knew VETOES HURT PEOPLE it . They have only contributed t.o needless everything in the world about merchandis­ One of the real issues in this campa'ign is human suffering. ing and manipulation and winning elections, going to be President Ford's record of vetoes. An occa.sional veto may be just ified, if leg­ and nothing at all about the hopes and It is a record that I cite more in sorrow than Islation is poorly drafted or ill-considered, fears and dreams of average people. in anger, for it is a record of political in­ but 53 vetoes in two years demonstrates a When government becomes cut off from sensitivity, of missed opportunities, of con­ negativism, a dormancy, and a fear of action its people, when its leaders are talking only stant conflict with the Congress, and of na­ that can only be- harmful to this country. to themselves instead of addressing reality, tional neglect. There is something seriously wrong when the then it is time for a process of national self­ In six years as President, Mr. Ford's prede­ members of Congress, all of whom were renewal, time to look outside the existing cessor vetoed 41 bllls that had been passed elected by the people, repeatedly pass legisla­ governing class for new leaders with new by Congress. In only two years, Ford has al­ tion the country needs, only to have it vetoed ideas. I think that is what happened in the ready vetoed 53 bills, about four times as by an appointed President. I believe ~nose Democratic party this year. I think our party many bills per year as his predecessor-and men and women in Congress are a great deal was ready for renewal, for new faces, for to be four times as negative as Mr. Ford's closer to the national mood than Mr. Ford a changing of the guard. If the candidate predecessor is a remarkable achievement. has shown himself to be. had not been myself, I think we would have What did these vetoes accomplish? Did We have had enough of government by chosen someone else who was not part of the they save us from wasteful, reckless spend­ vet-o. It is time we had a President who will old order of things. ing, as the Administration would like us to lead our nation, and who will work in har­ My sense is that millions of Americans feel believe. I think not. mony wit h Congress for a cha.nge, with mu­ that this is the year in which they will give One of the bills President Ford vetoed was tual respect for a change, out in the open for the system one last chance. They do not the Emergency Employment Act, which would a change, so the working families of this want to be disillusioned again. They are have created nearly two million full and country can be represented as well as the going to study the candidates, examine our part-time jobs, to help those millions of rich and the powerful and the special inter­ political records and our personal ability Americans who have been rendered jobless est groups. and character, and make a judgment as to by Republican economic policies. I think our UNEMPLOYMENT AS POLICY which candidate can best restore competence government has a responsibility to help those Another major issue this fall is going to be and vision and honesty to our government. people get back to word. When people can't the state of our nation's economy. Republl­ I welcome their scrutiny, and have con­ find jobs, we pay the price over and over in cans have a long tradition of mishandling fidence 1n their judgment. increased costs of welfare and unemploy­ the economy, one that goes back to Herbert RENEWED LEADERSHIP ment compensation and lost tax revenues. Hoover. Except in election years, when they Obviously there are some outstanding Congress also passed a blll that would have sometimes manage to make the economy pick granted those unemployed homeowners tem­ up by temporarily adopting Democratic eco­ political leaders in Washington-<>ne of the porary help in meeting their mortgage pay­ most outstanding, Senator Mondale, is my nomic programs. running mate-and yet I think our people are ments. I think that was a responsible action During the Eisenhower, Nixon and Ford correct in seeking leadership from outside for Congress to take. But Mr. Ford vetoed Administrations, we hs.cl five recessions. Washington, new leadership which can ap­ the bill. under Kennedy and Johnson we had none. proach the executive branch of government When people are out of work, they and and we all know that recessions are hardest with fresh eyes and an open mind. their children still have to eat, and Congress on those people who are weakest, who are passed the School Lunch Act, to increase the As a governor, I have been on the receiv­ poor and uneducated and isolated, who are number of families whose children were elig­ confused and inarticulate, who are often ing end of our federal programs. Members ible for school lunch subsidies. But Mr. Ford of Congress may see the new programs on unemployed and chronically dependent--in vetoed that bill. short, those members of society whom a good the drawing board, or hear about their I had occasion, very close to home, to see theories, but governors and local and state government would be trying hardest to help. what that kind of veto could mean to the Do you know what the basic Republican officials deal with the realities. I have wres­ real people who were on the receiving end tled with the unnecessary regulations, and anti-inflation policy has been? To put people of it. I know a young teacher who taught a out of work. Cooling down the economy, they the paperwork and red tape and the over­ remedial class for first-graders in the Plains lapping jurisdictions. I know what it is to call it, because that sounds nicer. I say to you Elementary School. Most of the students in that any economic policy that sees virtue in try to start a state drug-treatment program this special class happened to be black, and and have negotiate with almost a dozen unemployment is morally and politically and to were having a hard time getting started in intellectually bankrupt. different federal agencies that have separate school because of the devastating poverty in legal responsibility for the drug problem. What's more, those policies have been dis­ which they had been raised. mal failures. In 1968, the last year of a Demo­ Let me say that, on the basis of my ex­ Free milk was provided twice a day, in the cratic administration, the unemployment perience, I have never been more serious or morning and at lunch, for needy students, rate was 3.6%. Today it's more than twice more determined in my life than when I but then there was a cutback and the morn­ that-about 7.8% and rising. Under Kennedy promise to carry out a complete reorganiza­ ing milk was eliminated. So the young and Johnson the average annual rate of infla­ tion of the executive branch of government. teacher began using her own money to see tion was 2 %. During the Nixon and Ford Let me say also, in case there it any ques- that all her students had milk. And when administrations it has been almost 7 %.

--- -=- 28446 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS August 30, 1976 With all this hum~n suffering, has the AUTOMOBn..E PRICES AND THE ment when the Clean Air Act is on the Republican administration balanced the CLEAN AIR ACT House floor: budget? In the last three years, the accumu­ lated deficits are about $160 billion, more (From the Wall Street Journal, Aug. 25, 1976] than the previous 30 years combined. Under HON. ANDREW MAGUIRE OAR FmMs PLAN BIG RIS.E IN 1977 PRicEs, Kennedy and Johnson, the average deficit OF NEW JERSEY ExPECT BUYERS TO KEEP BUYING was less than $4 billion. Un,der Nixon and Ford the average deficit has been more than IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES (By Terry P. Brown) $24 billion a year. Monday, August 30, 1976 DETRorr.-Auto makers are getting set In short, the Republican economic policies to put through one of their larger now-model have not worked, and I believe they have Mr. MAGUffiE. Mr. Speaker, last week price increases in recent years. But unlike a failed to work because they were the crea­ General Motors made official what had year ago, this time they're betting consum­ tions of people who put economic theories been rumored for weeks: new car prices ers will hardly blink an eye. and special interests ahead of the realities of will rise next year by an average of $338 Detroit will soon send its dealers prices human need in this country. for the 1977 -model cars, which are already per car, or 6 percent. The industry at­ arriving in showrooiDS and wlll officially go REDEDICATION TO COMPASSION tributed this increase to higher costs for on sale next month. In June, the "Big There are many other probleiDS and znany labor and raw materials. This new round Three" auto makers hinted at an increase of other issues in this campaign. I have been of price increases means that the retail up to 6 %, or about $350 a car, on the new speaking about the breakdown of the Amerl­ price of an average car has reached the models. At that time, some industry observ­ cJ.n family, and I mentioned that among ers thought that that figure represented a young people the second most prevalent astounding level of $6,000-a $1,500 in­ crease since 1973. generous ceiling, and that domestic auto ca.use of death is suicide and that 1n the past makers would come in with only about a 4 % ten. years the gonorrhea rate has tripled Not once in any of the statements jump in prices. among children 14 years of age or younger. issued by General Motors or other in­ Now it ha-s become clear that that was I sensed that some people thought I dustry sources were automobile emissions wishful thinking. Just in recent weeks, new shouldn't use those words, suicide and gon­ or other safety regulations mentioned as cost pressures have been mounting on the orrhea, because they are ugly words describ­ even a subsidiary factor in these new auto industry. For one thing, the steel indus­ ing unpleasant facts. But there are many un­ price increases. try's second price increa-se in three months, pleasant probleiDS in our society-children Moreover, the industry pointedly caught Detroit flat-footed. Moreover, there who need food, overcrowded jails and mental are signs that the cost of the badly needed institutions, inadequate treatment for the stated that this huge price increase will have no effect on either automobile sales labor peace with the United Auto Workers young men who were maimed in Vietnam, this fall may be higher than expected. As a and the heartbreak and family disintegration or employment-that in fact they expect result, many industry observers now expect that unemployment can bring. next year's sales to be better than thic; auto makers to come in with close to the full All these are ugly problems and it is a year's record performance. It is impor­ 6% boost, and then some, depending on what n atural human instinct for us to want to tant to place these price increases in marketing ploys they use to push new cars tune them out. But we cannot tune them out. perspective. this fall. We can only succeed In tuning out our own In September, Volvo will be marketing UNUSUAL CONFIDENCE humanity, including those qualities of com­ a series of models which will meet the But while auto makers have worried in passion and concern without which no full statutory standards for automobile some recent years that their pricing moves society, however rich or powerful, can be might injure sales, this fall they are confi­ truly great. emissions at a per-car increase of $50- one-sixth of this year's GM price rise. dent that strong underlying demand for new "No man is an island," John Donne wrote The worst-case estimate for full compli­ cars will overwhelm any consumer resist­ many years ago; we are all part of the main- ance with the statutory standards using ance. "Pricing just doesn't seem to be the land of humanity. That is still true today, problem it was last year," one Big Three ex­ and as American citizens, most of us blessed a three-way catalyst-as Volvo does-is ecutive says. "The main battle now just with a good education and Influence in so- barely half GM's new car price increases. seeiDS to be getting the cars out the door to ciety, we cannot ignore the needs and suffer- Others have placed these costs at an even meet the demand." Adds a marketing ana­ ing of our less fortunate fellow citizens- lower figure. It is therefore apparent that lyst at a crosstown auto competitor. "Sales not if we want this nation to remain great. meeting the Clean Air Act's requirements are strong and should continue strong next coNFIDENCE IN oua NATION will have only a marginal effect on auto- year. If there's ever been a year to hold a "Ask not for whom the bell tolls," Donne mobile prices, which has historically been 6% increase, this is it." This confident, relaxed attitude is quite went on to say; "it tolls for thee." the case. different from just last fall. Then, Detroit I think there is a bell tolling for all of Proponents of the Dingell-Broyhill pricing tacticians faced the delicate task ot us this year. amendment, which would permanently boosting prices on the 1976-model cars It is asking us what kind of America we do away with a tougher NOx standard, enough to recover costs, yet not enough to want. while postponing other emission stand- scare off recession-weary consumers who It is asking whether once again an Amer- ards until 1982, claim that meeting the were just beginning to venture back into lean President can inspire patriotism and statutory standards would have a devas­ dealers' showroozns. Auto makers also hinted pride in all of our people. ~ tating effect on both car prices and in- at a 6% boost last year, but in the end It is asking if we can tear down the walls dustry employment. It is, however, di:ffi­ they Increased new-model prices only 4.5 %, that have divided different races and differ- cult to understand why the cost increases or about $250. And they went to great lengths to blunt the possible psychological ent religions and different regions in Amer- associated with pollution control would impact on consumers by juggling equipment lea, and once more be a united nation. be so devastating while those due to labor prices and holding down increases in highly It is asking if we are Indeed a tired, worn and raw materials are acceptable, or why visible base model prices. out, cynical nation, or if we can once more be the American people would be reluctant moved by optimism and hope and love for Auto executives had plenty of reason to our fellow human beings. to assume the first while having few worry then, too. In the fall of 1974, for ex­ qualms about the second. ample, they had pushed through an un­ It is asking if through our democratic sys- It is therefore clear to me that the precedented 10% price boost, or $500 a car, t~>m we can once again give this nation a gov- ernment as competent and as good as our economic arguments leveled against the and shortly thereafter industry sales had gone into their sharpest nosedive in decades. people. Waxman-Maguire amendment-which Many industry executives later conceded the I believe we can. We have lived through a actually postpones the present statutory big price increase was a major contributor time of torment, and now we are ready for standards another 2 years-are oppor­ to the slump. a time of healing. I believe we are ready for tunistic at best, and are seized upon by INCREASES IN PAST new leadership, leaders who come from the the automobile industry as a convenient people and who speak to the people and excuse for avoiding the implementation This fall's increase isn't expected to be who care about the people. I believe we have of the statutory standards. Careful anywhere near that big, of course. But if the reached a turning point in our national his- t anticipwted boost of about 6% is imple­ tory. a time of cleansing and rededication, analysis shows that they have nora iona1 meDJted, it would be, on a percentage basis, and I promise you I will do all in my power basis whatsoever. among the larger increases of the past 20 to bring this nation back to the greatness I urge my colleagues to study the fol­ years. According to statistics compiled by we deserve and that the world expects of lowing articles on these new car price Automotive News, a tl1ade publication, auto us. increases, and to support the Waxman- makers' 1957 model increase averaged 6.9 %. Thank you. Maguire automobile emissions amend- Since then--except for the now-famous 1975

-- August 30, 1976 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 28447 model increase-the next largest boosts were of peace may be high. The union has recently eluded in the price of the larger models, some 5.9% on 1971 cars and 5.1% on 1974s. Most unveiled some specific and costly demands observers speculate. GM hasn't indicated its have been under 4%. for a series of extra days off and for a major strategy, however. The most persuasive reason for the in­ overhaul of the industry's supplemental un­ dustry's optimism that this fall's price rise employment benefit funds for laid-off [From the New York Times, Aug. 26, 1976] won't hurt sales is simply the continuing workers. strength of demand. After two poor sales Though it's far too soon to say with cer­ G .M. RAISING RETAIL PRICE OF AVERAGE CAR years, Detroit is reaping the benefits of tainty, some Wall Street auto analysts think TO $6,000 many previously postponed car purchases. Detroit's labor costs ultimately could jump, (By William K. Stevens) The upturn in the economy and a rebound as much as 10 % annually once a new con­ DETROIT, Aug 25.-The General Motors in consumer confidence have sent the public tract is worked out. Corporation announced today that the aver­ trooping back to the showrooms in increas­ So some auto executives are even starting age retail price of its 1977-model cars, in­ ing numbers all year. to wonder if they have boxed themselves in cluding optional equipment typically chosen Auto sales experts have raised their sales · on their 1977 prices. "If the 6 % estimate was by consumers would rise by 5.9 percent, or predictions repeatedly this year. They now high when we first mentioned it, it has been $338 a car. look for 1976 new-car deliveries (including used up now," a Detroit financial man says. General Motors traditionally is the price imports) to reach as high as 10.8 million, up "And if it was just right, then we need more leader among the four American automobile 26% from last year's 8.6 million. And they than that now." companies, establishing a pattern for the are forecasting more of the same. Some ex­ FURTHER BOOST POSSmLE other three. It was the first to disclose prices ecutives, for example, have predicted 1977 Ac; a result, some observers think Detroit for its 1977 models, which are to go on sales could hit 11.5 million cars, topping might try for a further price increase later on sale in late September. 1973's record 11.4 million. if its initial boost is eroded by further cost The increase means that for the first time, RELAXED DEALERS increases. This tactic has been used in some the average "sticker price" of a General Motors car with a typical array of options is If their own sales forecasts ar~n · t enough, past years when costs jumped faster than auto makers are also getting ample evidence anticipated. But whether any second boost likely to surpass $6,000. Most cars, however, from the field that consumers don't seem will stick depends largely on General Motors, actually sell at below the sticker prices. worried about car prices right now. Dealers, the acknowledged price pace-setter with The $338 increase compares with a rise of for example, are rarely reluctant to squawk more than half the domestic market. $268, or 5.7 percent, last year. Of the $338 when they think Detroit is making it hard For example, Ford Motor tried pushing rise, $269 represents the base price of a car, for them to sell cars. And "when we hinted at through a second-round price increase on minus options. That is an increase of 5.8 6 % in June, there was hardly a ripple of pro­ 1976 cars last winter, but GM refused to go percent, compared with $206, or 4.4 percent test from our dealers," says a spokesman for along. Consequently, Ford was forced to re­ last year. one General Motors Corp. car division. scind the increase in January. One GM Thomas A. Murphy, the General Motors "Car prices just don't seem to be a major source says that currently the No. 1 auto chairman, stated that he thought consum­ factor in buying a car these days," agrees Bill maker is leaning toward a one-time increase ers would accept the rise. "We are confident," Atamian, a Boston dealer for Ford Motor Co. on its 1977 cars and will try to "eat (the an­ he said, "that the American car-buyer will Adds Hugh Gibson, a Cleveland Ford dealer: ticipated costs of) the UAW contract in one recognize this G.M. price increase as mod­ "Buyers are pretty well resigned to paying shot." erate in the light of the value which these more this fall." How auto makers choose to implement new 1977 models represent." Consumer surveys support this view. "Peo­ some of their pricing decisions this fall will The company did not, however, announce ple aren't satisfied with high prices, but also affect how they are received by con­ the individual prices on its new line of they've become used to price increases," says sumers and how well they cover costs. In­ standard-size cars, which are considerably Jay Schmiedeskamp, who supervises the Uni­ dustry analysts say they expect a "straight­ smaller than those of its competitors, and versity of Michigan's respected consumer forward" increase for the most part, with the more nearly comparable in length and weight sentiment surveys. "A 6 % increase in autos bigger price rises on models that have been to its own "intermediates," the next-smaller would be in line with the overall inflation selling best recently. At the same time, these category that in the past has carried lower rate recently and wouldn't have much of an sources say auto makers will be "conserva­ price tags than standard-sl.zed cars. How the infiuence on buying intentions," he predicts. tive" in pricing cars that haven't been as new line is to be priced is said to have been That consumer psychology is a break for successful. a subject of considerable concern in the Detroit. Any earlier thoughts that might G.M. executive suites. have been given to holding down prices on For example, one Chrysler Corp. dealer says Mr. Murphy said that the overall price in­ 1977 models were wiped out by the most re­ he has received a tentative price on a 1977 crease, which includes the new line, was cent steel price increase, auto executives say. van--currently a popular model-that is made necessary mostly by increased costs of In June, steel companies raised prices on about 12% above a comparably equipped labor and materials. He noted that steel, the fiat-rolled and bar products, both essential to 1976 model. Meanwhile, he says, the price principal material in automobiles, had risen auto manufacturing, by nearly 7%. Then­ of a slower-moving station wagon model that by more than 12 percent this summer. to auto makers' surprise and dismay-U.S. has been shipped to him appears to be up He said the company hoped that no ad­ Steel Corp. earlier this month announced an­ only about 2.5%. ditional, increases would be imposed during other 4.5% increase in fiat-rolled goods. OTHER PRICING PLOYS the model year. But he said this depended "We anticipated maybe a 2% steel increase Auto makers may also recover some costs on whether a "reasonable" contract settle­ late this year," one Big Three executive says, by reducing what car buyers get for their ment could be reached in current negotia­ "but this latest increase hit us like a bolt out money. For example, Chrysler recently dis­ tions with the United Automobile Workers, of the b1ue. It has forced us to go back and closed it was scaling back on certain terms and on future increases in the cost of mate­ take another look at our 1977 pricing plans." of the 1977-model warranty coverage. And rials. He said the prices announced today In addition to rising steel costs, auto mak­ there are signs the potential profitability of would be subject to review. ers say they have also taken recent "good some models may be increased by forcing In 1975, some auto makers raised the price doses" on copper, aluminum and zinc-all consumers to buy better-equipped versions. of options and shipping charges during the materials vital to making an auto. Early this For example, the base version of GM's 1977 model year. There were no mid-year rises month, for example, key aluminum producers Vega subcompact this fall will be available during the 1976 model year. The Ford Motor raised prices of unalloyed aluminum ingot this fall only with a more powerful engine Company instituted a general increase last and various mill products that go to the auto and four-speed transmission-equipment January, but had to rescind it when the industry as much as 9% (aluminum is being that was optional previously. other companies refused to follow. used in greater amounts in autos these days RECORD SALES PREDICTED as Detroit tries to cut the weight of its prod­ One key unanswered question is how GM ucts to improve fuel economy) . will price its new full-sized cars, which are Mr. Murphy, in a customary statement about 700 pounds lighter and nearly a foot issued on the eve of the new model year but TmE PRICES MAY RISE shorter than the comparable 1976 models. separate from the announcement of the Tire prices also may go up. Tire companies Some GM-watchers think the company will price increase, continued the optimistic and the United Rubber Workers union re­ keep its traditional price gap between the theme that he sounded in predicting con­ cently reached a proposed settlement that new full-sized cars and its intermediate-sized sumer acceptance of the price rise. would increase worker wages and benefits models, even though both series will have "We expect that total industry sales in about 36% over three years, and auto mak­ very similar outside dimensions. calendar year 1977 will reach a new record," ers expect the rubber companies to pass along But one GM source says the company he said G.M. plans to spend for capital im­ some of those higher costs. may decide to hold the price of the big provements at a record level of nearly $3 Moreover, the auto industry faces higher cars down to the intermediates level so that billion, he said. labor costs of Its own. Both the auto com­ former big-car buyers won't be tempted to Mr. Murphy predicted continued modera­ panies and the UAW have indicated they buy the smaller, less expensive models. GM tion in inflation. He forecast total domestic would like to reach a settlement on new con­ might accomplish this by reducing the size car sales of 11.25 million during the model tracts this fall without a strike, but the price of the potential dealer profit markup in- year, and said that for the 1977 calendar year, 28448 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS August 30, 19?6 car and truck deliveries combined "should THE MoTOR-CITY BLUES more youngsters out here now tJha.n in the eclipse the 1973 record of 14.6 million units- (By Roger Wilkins) siltties and fewer jobs for either them or 11.4 mlllion passenger cars and 3.2 mlllion The news from Detroit and from Kansas their parents. The kids are passive and aim~ trucks." less. They've given up. The problem is idle­ City came almost as a. single blow. From De­ ness." The $269 increase in base-model prices troit there were frightening reports about announced today by General Motors repre­ roving gangs of black teen-agers shredding In many ways, helping neglected minor­ sented the difierence, 1977 cars with stand­ the tattered remnants of Detroit's clvil fab­ ity youngsters enter society constructively ard equipment, and 1976 cars with the same ric. And from Kansas City there came the Will be harder than raising people from slav­ equipment. Republican platform's analysis of America's ery. Slaves were at least involved v.rfth func­ General Motors' 1977 prices continue a tioning economic units. Inhumane as it was, urban ills: "Without an urban policy, the steady upward trend in the 1970's that has Democrat-controlled Congress has created a slavery was at least a socializing process. seen the base-model price tags of Ameri­ hodgepodge of programs which have all but Many inner-city youngsters are the leftovers can automobiles Increase by an average of destroyed our once vital cities." 'The plat­ of the current economy. They 'have not only nearly $1,500 since the fall of 1973. functioned outside the economy, but many However, in line with reduction In the form statement so missed the point that one ot their parents never had the opportunity could wonder whether the urban analysts in to function productively in this society. economy's overall rate of infiatlon in recent Kansas City had been living In the coun­ months, this year's figures reflect a continu­ It was not government programs that try where Detroit and the other old Amer­ wrought such human destruction, but the ing moderation of the skyrocketing auto ican cities are located. prices of 1974 (a $500 rise in base prices) and same failure of vision and will over the The news forced up the memory of an last eight years in Waslhtngton that is re­ 1975 (a $400 rise in base prices). old warning issued by a black urban affairs The base-price increase on specific models flected in the platform. Remedying that official in the Johnson Administration who neglect and repairing the gaping ugly rips announced today ranged from $23 for the deemed Great Society efforts insufficient and Oldsmobile Starfire to $708 on the Cadillac that it has caused in the fabric of this so­ predicted, in 1968, that continued Ina.tten­ ciety may be the most complex and difficult Seville. tion to the acute social, educational and em­ All of these figures refer to what is called governmental task currently facing this na­ ployment problems of the nation's poorest tion. the "manufacturer's suggested retail price," urban blacks would leave their children with more familiarly known as the "sticker price.'" absolutely no stake in the society and could However, this price Is frequently less mean­ ingful- than the wholesale price the auto turn them into «urban savages." That warn- HANDS TO SERVE THE POOR--A ing was misunderstood by some blacks and HEART TO LOVE THEM-A TRill­ companies charge their dealers. It Is this largely ignored by whites. cost figure on which most dealers base the But now eight years later, Kenneth Fire- UTE TO MOTHER TERESA actual prices they charge for ca.rs. man a Detroit newsman, describes his city. In this case, General Motors increased its "Tee'n-age gangs have surfaced in menacing wholesale price by an average of $216 a numbers, seemingly trying to outdo each HON. JOHN G. FARY car-the same amount as a year ago--or other in boldness. Downtown businesses 5.8 percent. have been robbed in broad daylight, crowds OF ILLINOIS ------watching a riverfront fireworks show have ll'i THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES been terrorized; whole busloads of people MORE THAN HOPE IS NEEDED have been shaken down highwayman-style, at Monday, Augu.st 30, 1976 gunpoint. 'I'he pollee, their ranks thinned to MI·. FARY. Mr. Speaker, I was recent­ a bare minimum by recent layoffs, are barely ly prese"1ted with a most interesting and HON. CHARLES B. RANGEL holding their own . . . Detroit and other heartwarming article, the contents of OF NEW YORK big cities are today paying the price for which I would like to pass on for its IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES years of inaction. After all the years of ta~ about 'the urban crisis, the problems remam great worth concerning the compassion Monday, August 30, 1976 as intractable as ever." of an outstanding woman well known for MI·. RANGEL. Mr. Speaker, it is a ter­ Nevertheless, the Republican Party, having her tremendous missionary work in Cal­ rible fear of mine that the trend away in eighed against "throwing money at prob­ cutta, India, Mother Teresa. lems" and having declared the Great So­ The gift of grace, faith, and courage from a truly positive, active govern­ ciety experiments failures, now asserts fn ment, fueled by the fears of deficit spend­ that enables some Christians to heed its platform that urban problems are the to ing will have a disastrous long-run effect result, not of tiheir closing so many program Christ's injunction "Give up all you have, and come and follow Me", is rare in irus country and particularly in ~w· spigots, but of the programs themse~ves. An urban areas. There is apparently a nus­ observer decided to give the Republican as­ indeed. In this day of impersonal tech­ guided feeling among many that prob­ sertions a reality test by taking a trip up­ nology, of military conflict, of both moral lems will somehow solve themselves; tJ:1at town to the basement of a little church in and spiritual confusion, Mother Teresa Harlem where a small band of people run is a woman with a very simple message, the crime, unemployment, and hous~g a community self-help effort called, 'We one of love and concern for His chil­ woes will somehow disappear and all will Care." be well. The director is an engaging 27-year-old dren-the poor of the world. I think it is time that we realized that black man named Sam Walton, who has been Born Agnes Gonxha Bojaxhiu, the Al­ problems do not go away, but rather, and running the program since he was 18. He banian nun was still a teenager when it is a sad realization for many of us~ said that the servi.ces available in Harlem she joined the Sisters of Loretto and left that unless specifically dealt with, they were severely limited, that some governmen­ her home for the missions in India. For tal agencies charged with helping were slow the next 20 years, she taught at St. tend to be exacerbated. There can be no and unresponsive and that the people in denying that some of the pro.~ams ~hat Mary's High School in Calcutta. But need had only limlted information about the while on a train Darjeeling in 1948. emerged from earlier administrations little help that was available. "We try to to have not accomplished all that they disseminate information and to help the she experienced an impelling interior promised. But from this fact we cannot people get the help they need," he said. call. She asked permission to leave her afford to conclude that the fight has 'I'hi.s summer, We Care has made housing order and to devote herself exclusively been lost. Rather we must continue to its top priority. 'We go out into the street to the care of the poor in India's slums. provide aid to those most in need, recog­ and try to give people information on how to In 1952 the Indian Government gave get housing assistance," Walton said, "but Mother T~resa an old abandoned Hindu nizing that there may be short-run re­ almost everybody who comes up to us needs gressions, but always looking f~rward temple to which she and her nuns began a job. The first thing they ask is where they to bring the disease-ridden outcasts they toward a goal of economic prospenty and can go to get a job. But, with all these cut­ social equality. backs, there's nowhere to send people. In found dying in the gutters of Calcutta. I would like to bring to the attention the sixties when there was manpower money, To those who wonder what she does for of my colleagues the following commen­ you could send them to agencies like the Ur- these people, she says, "We want them to tary by Roger Wilkins, from the August ban League, Neighborhood Boards or the know that they are wanted. We want 20 1976 New York Times. Not only does community action agency !or nurses" jobs, them to know there are people who really it 'shed llght on the uphill ba~tle fac_ed training to work tn banks, all ldnds of things. love them, who really want them! at .~east Now that's all gone and what little 1s avall­ for the few hours they have to live. by groups within my congressiOnal dis­ able goes to people with political connec­ trict who are attempting to effect change tions." This is Mother Teresa's message to to­ with little funding, but it speaks elo­ over on !37th Street, across Adam Clayton day's increasingly depersonalized ~d quently to the point which I have at­ Powell Boulevard, Agnes Preston, program di­ computerized society: faith in the spirit­ tempted to summarize above. rector for Harlem Teams for Self-Help, ual value of the human being, in ~e The article follows: echoed Walton's observations. "There are sacredness of each life, in the redeemmg August 30, 1976 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 28449 value of suffering, in the all-healing the world church who could possibly upstage walk, to hug their people, to worship along­ her, stopped himself during a speech, walked side them. And the "princesses," Princess power of love. Of some 30,000 people to the bent-over nun, bowed and kissed both Grace of Monaco, Mother Teresa, 79-year-old brought from the streets of Calcutta to of her hands-"in rthe name of the poor of all Dorothy Day, founder of the Catholic Worker Mother Teresa's House of the Dying, the world." Movement in the New York City slums. more than half have recovered. Many Mother Teresa, uncomfortable in a conver­ are now able to work again. sation, dismisses this talk of "living saint­ Mother Teresa's nuns treat half a mil­ hood." "Sanctity is not the luxury of a few," lion patients a year in 125 dispensaries she said. "It's in each one of us, you in your TODAY'S CHALLENGES TO PROFES­ work, I in mine." SIONAL RESOURCE MANAGE­ around the world and maintain centers She does not want to talk about herself. for the poor as well as nm·sing homes. Her large hands fidget. Her voice is wearing MENT Today, the order has 1,500 sisters, 150 thin, trembling slightly. "She makes you brothers, and 80,000 lay supporters work­ feel that she is a human just like you," said HON. ROY A. TAYLOR an admirer. Perhaps it is her embracing ing in 13 countries, including a project OF NORTH CAROLINA set up 4 years ago in Harlem. There smile. . . are 32 homes for the dying, 67 leprosar­ No, she doesn't have visions, or dreams, or IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES work mysterious miracles. She simply gives Monday, August 30, 1976 iums, and 28 orphanages. the poor love and claims she gets more in Those who seek entrance to her Order return. It is moving to hear her describe Mr. TAYLOR of North Carolina. Mr. are offered a lifetime of stark poverty, of it, and her audiences are on the edges of Speaker, the Fontana Conservation hard work in squalid sm·roundings, of their seats. She stays here in a convent Roundup Foundation annually sponsors ceaseless prayer from which to draw and never partakes of the lavish feasts she in my district a symposium discussing strength. They must own nothing, they attends. the vital conservation issues of our time. must share the food and the living quar­ MothC:;r Teresa says she has been away from C.~al emotion and spirituality of study very carefully the dimensions of But her hands. They are strong, like a firm the challenge outlined by Mr. Kimball: cushion to the touch. CatholiciSm are here in a sweeping panoply. It is in part these hands that have made More nuns in full habits than can be seen TODAY'S CHALLENGES TO PROFESSIONAL Mother Teresa of Calcutta. perhaps the closest most anywhere at once these days mill RESOURCE MANAGEMENT thing to a living saint the Catholic church through the crowds, some hobbling on canes (Presented by Thomas L. Kimball, Executive has today. With them, she rescues the "poor­ or walkers. A million pilgrims, including Vice President, National Wildlife Federa­ est of the poor"-her ministry since 1946 about 20,000 from outside the United States, tion, at the 17th Annual Conservation from the streets of Calcutta, maggot-ridden are expected here before it ends. Roundup, Fontana Dam, N.C. June 11 people, dying people. But their church is in a crisis of faith, 1976.) ' , To Mother Teresa, who has won world assaulted by changing world values, buffeted by liturgical reforms, challenged to be the Somewhere I read about an Eskimo hunter acclaim for her devotion to the dregs of wh~ asked the local missionary priest, "If society and who has sat with popes and "conscience of the world" by their own lead­ ers and yet having trouble performing that I d1d not know about sin, would I go to beggars alike, the poor are "the hungry hell?" "No" replied the priest, "not if you Christ, the naked Christ, our brothers and role. Nevertheless, pilgrlms are talking about did not know." "Then why," asked the sisters. Eskimo earnestly, "did you tell me?" The pro­ "To help us go to heaven, Christ made one the "spiritual renewal" they feel from being here. fessional resource manager may not know condition ... When we come before Him, about many of the challenges facing the we will be judged on what we have been to Critics said this would be just another lav­ ish triumphalistic display, a waste of time, profession today so my assignment like it the poor." or not, is to tell you about some ~f those Thoughts like this put forth simply and a sentimental venture back into the 1950s. challenges to be met. frequently have wrapped something like a But many in attendance feel that a renewal I welcome the opportunity to speak to you cult around the 65-year-old nun. A Yugo­ for Catholics is beginning here, and the cyn­ tonight on the subject of challenges to pro­ slavian who joined the Loreto nuns in Cal­ ics may be wrong. fessional resource management because I cutta at age 18, she left the Loreto cloister in Just as the medieval Christians paraded have some rather strong convictions about 1946 to work in the city slums and later through the streets with magnificent trib­ the role true professionalism should play in founded the Missionaries of Charity religious ~tes to the Blessed Sacrament, these Chris­ the formulation of national policy and in order. In 1973, she won the Templeton Prize t1ans are participating in a modern-day rite. the natural resources decisionmaking proc­ for "progress in religion" and the Dec. 29, Eucharistic congresses are held somewhere ess. Please remember that my observations 1975, cover of Time magazine carried her in the world every four years for Catholics and conclusions are based on personal ex­ picture as one of a number of what it called Eucharist, the deepest mystery of Catholi~ periences and perspectives gained over the "living saints." cism, the joining of humans and God through past 38 years in dealing with wildlife and Here at the 41st International Eucharistic the partaking of bread and wine, means environmental management, both as a gov­ Congress, Mother Teresa has to be escorted by "thanksgiving." ernment administrator and as the executive heavy security. People throng around her. In one specific action growing out of this head of the nation's largest private, con­ They want to talk to her, to touch her. wear­ congress, Catholic, Protestant and Orthodox servation education organization. ing her customary white sari edged in blue, Christian theologians announced that during First, let me quickly review several of the she awkwardly manages to slip away. a three-day symposium they found they have roles which professional resource scientists "I feel sorry for them," she says later. reached consensus on the meaning of the have traditionally served over the years and "They are hungry for God. In me, they recog- Eucharist, a step toward greater Christian which are generally recognized throughout nize the poor. It's not me they're interested unity. the profession. in. I'm very sure of that." The. princes of the church, bedecked in I'm referring to such tasks as serving as Everyone gives her that veneration. Dom eccles1astical finery, whirl through the city research investigators, fountainheads of Helder Camara, archbiship of Olinda-Recife in limousines, guarded by security police and knowledge, consultants and advisors to deci­ in Brazil, another "apostle of the poor" and escorted by young girls in parochial school sionmakers to name '8. few. In sum, the re­ the only person here among the showcase of uniforms. Some of these leaders prefer to source professional has provided scientific 28450 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS August 30, 19t6 knowledge for the benefit of resource pro­ to take part in those decisions that may abide by the code of ethics and get away with fessionalism and wise de<:lsionma.king which materially affect the quallty of their lives. selling their voice to the highest. bidder. enhances the general publlc welfare. With Turning to the role of professional socie­ ram also convinced that the professional respect to research, I wonder, however, ties-that of enhancing the exchange of pro­ :resource manager, while maintaining a strict whether the individual scientist is really fessional Information-we are fortunate to code of ethics, must become mare actively taking the lead-as I think they should-in have in Washington, D.C., the Natural Re­ involved in an advocacy role in environmen­ identifying, prioritizing, and helping to ob­ sources Council of America (NRCA). About tal affairs. The scientist can no longer be tain funding for the more realistically-press­ 45 p_'i.vate organizations are represented in content with publishing the methods and ing resource management problems of our the Council, including a.11 of the professional conclusions of a research effort or dispassion­ time. Our resource problems gt·ow more natural resource groups such as the Society ately handling his work assignments. In this complex each day and decisionma.kers are of American Foresters, the Wildlife Society, modern day of the activist and much greater floundering because of the paucity of credi­ the American Fisheries Society, the Society public participation in policy determination, ble data. for Range 1\!Ifmagement, and the Soil Con­ the cool, calculated, objective and expert While I fully recognize the need to con­ servation Society of America. Of course, voice of the true scientist 1s badly needed in tinue basic research, there is a despel'ate de­ most NRCA representation comes from citi­ molding public opinion and in formulating sire on the part of resource decisionmakers zen-based organizations such as NWF, Amer­ guidelines that wlll direct our national policy to have better, more reliable information ican Forestry Association, Wildlife Manage­ toward an improved natural environment and upon which to make both long-range man­ ment Institute, National Audubon Society, a quality lifestyle for all Americans. Partici­ agement plans and day-to-day decisions. My Izaa.k Walton League, and the Sierra Club. pation in action programs by the professional own organization, the National Wildlife Fed­ As you might suspect, the NRCA makes no should be separated from his role as a scien­ eration, which sponsors a sizeable environ­ attempt to adopt positions on conservation tist. Colle<:ting and interpreting scientific mental conservation fellowship program, 1s issues because of the diverse interests In­ data should be objective and dispassionate. making a greater effort to select study pro­ volved. Instead, it serves as a. clearinghouse Considering socioeconomic and political fac­ posals aimed at providing better scientific for information, and, as such, serves an ex­ tors has a separate set of ground rules. data which aid in resolving some of the more tremely useful role. For example, just in the Make no mistake about it--more and more perplexing navural resource conservation past few months, NRCA has ananged top of the scientifically-sound resource manage­ problems; applied research that contributes le el, informal, off-the-record briefings on ment practices espoused, for example, by the to problem solving rather than basic research such d1sparate subje<:ts as weather modifica­ professional forester and the wildlife biolo­ that has little application. The resource tion. the Carps of Engineers outdoor recre­ gist for many, many years a-:1d written up in scientists must more actively participate in ation and natural resources management ac­ textbooks as accepted management tech­ the de<:ision-making process. If not, resources tivities, and new congressional budget review niques are now being held up for re-exam­ will be managed more and more by emotion­ procedures. Annually, the head of each ination by skeptical, emotional minorities alism and economic pressure politics. federal natural resource agency gives us his and the non-professional public. While some Another area in which the professional can candid views on tl e proposed budget for the professional resource managers have a tend­ lead out more aggressively, in my judgment, next fiscal yeo.r. That helps each of us to ency to underestimate the growing ground­ is in making themselves available-a pool of make a more intelligent effort, within an swell of radical resource protectionism, therE professional personnel to assist in developing organization's particular le3al constraints, to is a concerted and growing effort to totally public policy for the public good by increas­ inst.rre that consa'vation of natural resources prohibit consumptive uses of any wildlife ing the input into the declsionmaking proc­ gets a fairer cut of the budget. In my judg­ resource or to prevent any form of timber ess by knowledgeable and experienced tech­ ment, if we are to achieve our objective of harvest and management on any portion of nicians. You don't have to be in this busi­ a high standard of living, it is vitally impor­ tant for the professional resource manager what remains of our nation's wilderness. ness very long before you realize that the Lack of professionalism coupled with some citizen-based organizations-like NWF-are to assume more of a lead role, espe<:ia.lly out­ badly outgunned! How does nn organiza­ side of Washington, D.C., in encouraging and injudicious decisions such as clearcutting on tion find the resources to adequately review a promoting the exchange of information be­ steep slopes, in fragile soils, and in too large 17 volume draft environmental impact state­ tween government agencies, academia, and blocs, or reducing the brood stocks of ani­ ment on an Alaskan natural gas pipeline or citizen group . mals below the optimum sustained yield even identify-much less review-those few Next, I want to discuss what I personally levels have added more fuel to the conflagra­ Corps of Engineers-sponsored EISs on truly consider the most important role which the tion of adverse public opinion towards all critical water resource development issues professional resource scientist can-and professional management. when the :fl..ow of EISs from the Corps is so should-assume; namely, improving public Also of great concern is the trend for an overwhelming. acceptance of the competence and integrity expanding array of protectionist citizen or­ Scientists should become actively invclved of the individual scientist. ganizations to hire their own professional in citizen action organizations so their ex­ What happens to the credibility and influ­ scientists trained in our best institutions of pertise can aid them in determining sound ence of the scientist with the public when higher learning, and some with considerable policies, positions and programs. How ca,n the they hear differing conclusions from profes­ experience. Theil· principal duty is to serve people who live in the Great Smoky Moun­ sionals who interpret this same data? Every as advocates of their particular philosophy. tains be accuratei:r informed of the change government operating agency has its own The most discouraging fact is that no dis­ in lifestyle brought about by the develop­ professionals. So does industry. So does con­ tinction 1s made between scientific fact and ment and extraction of the vast amounts of servation organizations. The Wildlife Society philosophy or moral judgments. coal in their backyards and the burning of has already proposed both an individual cer­ To me, at least, they appear to try to lend that coal to supply electrical energy for in­ tification and code of ethics for professional the credibility of a resource scientist to the dustry and our ever-expanding urban com­ conduct of the wildlife biologist. However, caterwauling of the prote<:tionist philosophy plexes? What about the exploitation of the there are far too many environmental scien­ which sees the 5Q-foot wall excluding man land and water and its effect on the quality tists-whose positions on controversial con­ as the only means to conserve resources. To of your lives? Is it in the best interests of servation issues seem to be dictated more by me the concept of conserving resource by the the people of this great nation to continue the paycheck than by scientific objectivity. application of man's knowledge should also to extol the virtues of unlimited growth as Too many tend to reach conclusions first be considered as a viable alternative. If the the only means to attain jobs and a healthy and then proceed to gather and analyze data growing public resentment towards resource economy? What effect will such unlim.ited which support their preconceived notions and use is to be alleviated, lt will be the pro­ growth have on our life support systems? program plans. All those interested in fur­ fessional resource scientist's ability to- pro­ Where will the water come from to supply thering the science of natural resource man­ tect our nation's resources against misuse the insatiable appetite of agriculture, in­ agement should actively support those pro­ that will turn the tide. dustry and the kitchen faucet when some graxn.s and procedures designed to bring the The average U.S. citizen of the mid-70's is of t;he water has already been reused seven charlatan and prostitute scientist to a timely much more environmentally aware than his times? What effect will constant reuse and acoounting before their peers. counterpart of a decade--or even five years­ increasing pollution have on fisheries values I re<:ogniZe fully the sensitivity of the sub­ ago. It's up to the professional to meet the and tourism? What other water uses must ject and the great emotionalism surrounding it. Nevertheless, I would be less than com­ growing challenge of convincing the layman be curtailed if tt·emendous amounts are to that the professional approach to natural re­ be used for unlimited energy production? pletely candid with you if I didn't express sources management remains sound and still How much additional heat load can our my disappointment at the reluctance o! some planet absorb before we have catastrophic of our professional societies to "bite the offers us the best chance of safeguarding shifts in our weather patterns? bullet" and com.e to grips more effectively those resources for the gen-erations of Amer­ These are but a few of the questions that with this matter. It seems to me that pro­ icans yet to be born, with at least something must be answered by professionals along with fessional societies, as the leading representa­ akin to the lifestyle we currently enJoy as a definition of the options that are available tives and spokesmen of the scientific eom.­ a people. from other fuel sources to meet national munity, must do more to help restore the It remains the resource scientist's chal­ energy needs. We think the answer lies not credibility of theh· profession and reinstate lenge and burden to convince our policy­ in weakening the National Environmental. their position as the fountain of truth. That makers that the American lifestyle can be Policy Act (NEPA) but in making better use means establishing ethic committees for all maintained without ravaging the landscape, of volunteer professionals who can inform of the various natural resource disciplines. It without the diminution of the productive and educate the public and encourage them means call1ng to account those who will not capacity of renewable resources or without August 30, 1976 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 28451' building a 50-foot high fence around our re­ LOAN GUARANTEE Bn..L, H.R. 12112, PuBLIC UTn.ITIES CoMMISSION, newable resources as the best means of pre­ FOR ENERGY TECHNOLOGIES State of California, June 8,1976. serving them. As you are aware, the State of California Remember that in your efforts to "sell" faces a serious and imminent natural gas professional management of natural re­ supply crisis. Even if projected new sup­ sources you will not be alone. The National HON. OLIN E. TEAGUE plies from Alaska and Indonesia come on Wildlife Federation, for one, devotes a ma­ OF TEXAS ·une with a minimum of delay, the possibil­ jor portion of its manpower and dollar re­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES ity of an end to Canadian exports (which sources to educating the public. Our publi­ represent 45% of Northern California's gas cations-National Wildlife, International Monday, August 30, 1976 supply) in conjunction with curtailments Wildlife, Ranger Rick, Conservation News, Mr. TEAGUE. Mr. Speaker, I wish to in "lower 48" deliveries poses a danger to Conservation Report and various educational meeting basic residential and commercial call the attention of all of my colleagues needs in the early 1980's. pamphlets-are constantly highlighting, in to a recent letter sent by the California one form or another, the major environmen­ We are convinced that the development of tal issues. Our conservation summit pro­ Public Utilities Commission to the Cali­ a prototype commercial scale coal gasifica­ gram-held annually in such great locations fornia congressional delegation in sup­ tion facility is imperative if we are to prop­ as the Great Smokies-makes a significant port of H.R. 12112. erly explore this promising long-run source educational contribution, one in which the California is faced with the possibility of additional gas supply. In particular the resource scientist does and must continue proposed Wesco coal gasification project, that its residential customers of natural which would provide significant quantities of to play the pivotal role of teaching the lay­ gas will be curtailed by the 198()'s. This is m an. So do such speclal NWF programs as our synthetic pipeline gas to California consum­ backyard wildlife habitat program and our a very serious situation, because it means ers, requires a loan guarantee to obtain nec­ program to acquire bald eagle nesting and that there will be no gas available for in­ essary financing. Although we recognize the feeding habitat with the financial assistance dustry, and jobs would be seriously af­ level of concern about the use of loan guar­ of enlightened corporations 1n the private fected, while families are trying to cut antees to promote technological advances, we sector, such as Southland Corporation and back their thermostats. To meet this se­ feel that high Btu coal gasification meets Anheuser-Busch Corporation. Both of these vere gas shortage, the gas utilities of the the essential criteria for such a substantial programs, incidentally, have been accepted level of government involvement. We are State are trying to obtain supplies from faced with the shortage of a fuel that is as official bicentennial projects by the Amer­ every source possible: Alaska, LNG im­ ican Revolution Bicentennial Administra­ crucial to the economy, makes optimal use of ports, and coal gasification. A~ording tion. existing transmission, distribution and end­ In conclusion, the grassroots organization to a study by the Lawrence Livermore use infrastructure, and has highly desirable I have the honor to represent continues to Laboratory, gas from Alaska will only clean burning properties. Although the tech­ take great pride 1n our reasoned, sensible serve to replace gas from Canada, which nology for making pipeline gas from coal has position on environmental issues which the Canadians have said they will cut off proven successful in prototype, there are in­ consistently call for orderly development of completely by 1980. LNG offers promise evitable cost and construction time uncer­ resources but only with adequate environ­ tainties associated with commercial-size for a good supply, but once again we scale-up. Large scale investment is required mental safeguards and with the absolute would be relying on foreign imports for minimum adverse impact on plant and ani­ in a highly regulated industry and in a time mal ecosystems. That is why the views of pro­ the Nation's energy, and at $3 to $4 per of competition for limited capital. Therefore, fessional managers continue to be solicited thousand cubic feet. By contrast, coal commercialization will require government by most national policymakers and will have gasification offers the great advantage of assistance to obtain the necessary financing. the greatest impact in shaping our nation's utilizing our domestic resources at prices For these reasons, the California Public future. competitive to LNG imports, and from a Utilities Commission has passed the attached Professional societies composed of increas­ resolution urging the California Congres­ relatively inexhaustible supply. sional delegation to support HR 12112, which ingly better trained and experienced scien­ The California Public Utilities Com­ tists accepting and promoting the highest would provide loan guarantees necessary to tenets of ethics and professional conduct can mission is doing all that it responsibly the development of a synthetic natural gas and must convince our policymakers that can to meet this shortage. Because it has industry. the continuing strength of our nation and acted to indicate its public support of the Very truly yours, the welfare of its people will depend upon bill H.R. 12112 to provide loan guarantees CALIFORNIA PUBLIC UTILrnES COMMIS­ wise use of our wealth of natural resources. for the development of new energy tech­ SION. I define wise use as utilization of both re­ nologies, I have included the statement Attachment. newable and non-renewable resources with and resolution, which was passed by the PUBLIC UTILITIES COMMISSION OF THE STATE minimal adverse environmental impact. Our commission on June 8, 1976, for the bene­ unofficial poet laureate, the late Robert OF CALIFORNIA Frost, once said, "What makes a great na­ fit of members interested in this legisla­ RESOLUTION tion in the beginning is a good chunk of real tion: Whereas, natural gas is the predominant estate," and I say what keeps a nation great PACIFIC LIGHTING CORPORATION, residential and commercial fuel in California in the end is how wisely the people conserve Los Angeles, Calif., June 15, 1976. and conversion to alternative fuels would re­ and use those resources that good chunk of Hon. OLIN E. TEAGUE, quire costly replacement of existing capital real estate has so bountiously provided. We House of Representatives, stock; and now celebrate our nation's 200th birthday, Washington, D.C. Whereas, there exists a large, well-devel­ our bicentennial. Let it not be true what is DEAR MR. TEAGUE: I thought you would be oped gas infrastructure in the State which being said by some that we are a nation of interested in the attached california Public will minimize the transportation and dis­ resource wastrels and as a consequence we Utilities Commission communication to the tribution as well as end-use costs of new are growing too old too soon for a country California delegation, supporting H.R. 12112. supply; and so young. we have heard that an endorsement is about Whereas, gas is the cleanest burning fossil Our nation can look .forward to an im­ to come from the California Energy and fuel with the highest system use efficiency; proving respected stature in the family of Conservation Commission also. and nations, of maintaining a high standard of Sincerely, Whereas, the substitution of other fossil living and enjoyment of our people, but only JoSEPH R. RENSCH. fuels for gas as a boiler or home heating fuel if we learn from the history of 21 previous would result in substantial increases in air civilizations that became weak and decadent pollution in critical air basins, resulting in from squandering both their human and PuBLIC UTILrrms CoMM.ISSION, San Francisco, June 9,1976. significant negative impacts on public health natural resources. The resource scientists, and welfare; and armed with a body of knowledge and im­ JosEPH R. RENSCH, President, Pacific Lighting Corporation, Los Whereas, supplies of natural gas in the proved skills growing exponentially, can pre­ lower 48 states are likely to continue to de­ vent our great nation from following that Angeles, Calif. cline, while projected development and dis­ destructive path. Let the resource manage­ DEAR JoE: Attached for your information tribution of Alaska gas cannot meet all of ment scenario for our nation's next 200 years is a copy of a letter, individually signed by California's or the nation's requirements and be filled with confidence and hope, bolstered all the Commissioners, which was sent to the is certain to be very costly; and by an ever-increasing body of knowledge col­ entire California Congressional Delegation Whereas, synthetic gas made from coal lected by an ever-improving, better qualified along with a copy of the Resolution support­ body of professional resource scientists. Let potentially represents a substantial new it be said by future historians that our gen­ ing HR 12112. source of this clean gaseous fuel; and eration exercised a wise and professional Sincerely, Whereas, successful demonstration has oc­ stewardship of the great wealth of our na­ Wn.LIAM R. JOHNSON, curred of the manufacture of synthetic high tion's resources held in trust for those who Executive Director. Btu gas via the Lurgi process on a semi-com­ come after us. Attachment. mercial scale in Westfield, Scotland and on a. 28452 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS August 30, 1976 pllot scale with several other processes. TROTSKYISM AND TERRORISM: BACKGROUND OF SWP AND FI Nevertheless, there are inevitable cost and PART I-THE SOCIALIST WORK­ construction time uncertainties associated The Socialist Workers Party, the old­ with full commercial scale-up of such facil­ ERS PARTY AND THE FOURTH est and largest Trotskyist communist ities; and INTERNATIONAL party in the United States, evolved in Whereas, because of the above uncertain­ 1938 from earlier Trotskyist organiza­ ties, the large scale of the required invest­ HON. LARRY McDONALD tions. The American Trotskyists were ment, the regulation of the industry, and OF GEORGIA led by James B. Cannon and Max current competition for limited capital, fi­ Schathtman, prominent figures in the nancial institutions have indicated that they IN THE HOUSE OF P..EPRESENTATIVES Communist Party, U.S.A. (CPUSA) who require government guarantee of their in­ Monday, August 30, 1976 with other supporters of Trotsky were vestment in the first large scale commercial Mr. McDONALD. Mr. Speaker, in re­ expelled from the Communist Party in synthetic gas facilities; and cent months a great deal of mass media 1928 and who then formed the Com­ Whereas, H.R. 12112 provides for such loan attention has been directed toward the munist League of America. In 1934 guarantees for commercial demonstration fa­ Socialist Workers Party-SWP-and its Cannon's Communist League of America cilities for making high Btu gas from coal; youth arm the Young Socialist Alli­ merged with a group led by A. J. Muste now therefore, ance-YSA~as a result of lawsuits filed to form the Workers Party. In 1936 on Be It Resolved : That we, the undersigned, by the SWP against various Federal and Trotsky's orders, the Workers Party strongly urge the California Congressional local law enforcement and intelligence group went into the Socialist Party, delegation to support H .R. 12112 as a neces­ gathering agencies. U.S.A. where the Trotskyites tried to sary condition for the development of a syn­ take over. Nearly two years later, the thetic natural gas industry that can generate Almost without exception, newsmen Socialist Party expelled the Trotskyites. an additional supply of this desirable and and editors have taken at face value the Cannon then formed the Socialist scarce fuel. self-serving statements ,of Socialist Workers Party.2 I hereby certify that the foregoing resolu­ Workers Party leaders. The basic SWP In brief, the split between Trotsky tion was duly introduced, passed and adopted line is that the organization is a peace­ and Stalin was a personality and fac­ at a regular conference of the Public Utilities ful electoral political "third party" tional fight which had political differ­ Commission of the State of California, held which has never engaged in any violence, ences added as a facade to the quarrel. on the 8th day of June, 1976, the following which opposes terrorism, which has not After the death of Lenin in 1924, Commissioners voting favorably thereon: been a member of any international po­ Trotsky, a leading figure in the Rus­ D. W. HOLMES, litical organization since 1940 when the President. SWP resigned from the Fourth Inter­ sian revolution and founder of the Red WILLIAM SYMONS, Jr., Army, was unable to prevent Stalin's bid national, the principal interna~ional co­ VERNON L. STURGEON, for absolute power. Expelled from the LEONARD Ross, ordinating body for TrotskyiSt co~­ Soviet Communist Party and its Cen­ ROBERT BA'l'INOVICH, munists, to comply with the VoorhiS Act and which is being "harassed" by tral Committee, Trotsky was deported Commissioner~. from Russia in 1929 and assassinated by WILLIAM R. JOHNSON, the' Government merely for being openly a Stalinist secret police agent in Mexico Executive D i rector. socialist and for openly dissenting from in 1940. the established political and economic Trotsky is often represented, particu­ system. larly by Trotskyists, as having been op­ The facts show the opposite. The posed to totalitarianism and terrorism PERSONAL EXPLANATION Socialist Workers Party is the United and that this was one reason he opposed States section of the Trotskyite Fourth Stalin. The truth is exactly the opposite. International. Leading SWP officials Trotsky was Lenin's closest supporter HON. ROMANO L. MAZZOLI serve on the highest bodies of the Fourth and collaborator. Trotsky participated International-its United Secretariat and supported the state terrorism set up OF KENTUCKY and its International Executive Com­ by Lenin-the purges, the persecution IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES mittee. Membership in the Fourth Inter­ of political opponents, the slave labor Monday, August 30, 1976 national is available only to national camps and deportations to Siberia. sections not to individuals; and only In 1922, before his expulsion from Mr. MAZZOLI. Mr. Speaker, due to re­ represe~tatives of national sections may Russia, Trotsky wrote: sponsibilities in my district, I was not serve in the Fourth International execu­ A victorious war, generally speaking, de­ present to vote on certain matters com­ tive bodies. Therefore it is apparent that stroys only an insignificant part of the. con­ ing before this body on Wednesday, Au­ the SWP is lying when it denies such quered army, intimidating the remam~er gust 25, 1976. Had I been present I would membership.1 and breaking their Will. The revolutwn have voted as follows: For the past few years, the Fourth In­ works in the same way: it kills individuals ternational is engaged in extensive in­ and intimidates thousands. In this sense, Rollcall 656: Final passage of H.R. the Red terror is not distinguishable from 14070, Guaranteed Student Loan Act ternal discussions on whether terrorism is the armed insUITection, the direct continu­ Amendments of 1976, "yea." a useful and appropriate revolutionary ation of which it represents. • • • 3 tactic at this time. The majority of the Rollcall 657: An amendment to H.R. Fourth International favor the im­ Despite the bitterness of the strife, 15194, the public works appropriations mediate use of terrorism on the broadest Trotsky always maintained that the bill, to strike language prohibiting funds scale feasible in as many countries as Soviet Union must be supported against being made available for projects where possible. The minority in the FOll!th the capitalist world. He argued that the 10 percent of the personnel to be em­ International which includes the SoCial­ Soviet Union was a workers state even ployed on the project have resided in the ist Workers Party argues that while ter­ if deformed by Stalinism. project area for less than 30 days, ''yea." rorism may be a useful tactic in t~e It is, consequently, the elementary and future under different circumstances, 1t imperative duty of all workers, and espe­ Rollcall 658: A motion to recommit cially of the revolutionary Party, to defend H.R. 15194 to the Committee on Appro­ is a counterproductive tactic at this the Soviet Union unconditionally against priations, with instructions to report time. While these discussions have pro­ any and every imperialist nation. • • * ceeded, a number of Fourth Intern~­ it back forthwith with an amendment tional sections have been engaged m Thus the SWP echoed Trotsky in the that sought to reduce nonobligated ex­ ten-orism. "Declaration of Principles and Constitu­ penditures by 5 percent, "nay." This report will document the rela­ tion of the Socialist Workers Party," Rollcall 659: Final passage of H.R tionships between the Socialist Workers adopted at its founding convention. 15194, the public works appropriations Party and the Fourth International and Trotsky organized the Fourth Inter­ bill, "yea." the world-wide Trotskyite terrorist ap­ national in 1938. The Socialist Workers Party played an important ro~e i~ the Rollcall 660: House Resolution 1489, paratus. formation of the new communiSt mter­ rule to consider H.R. 14578, to authorize national. various Federal reclamation projects and Footnotes at end of article. However, the initial operations of the programs, "yea." August 30, 1976 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 28453 Fourth International were seriously dis­ national. This split, which began in 1953, ling majority faction which supports the rupted by a series of assassinations of lasted until 1963.7 broad use of terror tactics now; and 22 Trotskyist leaders, including Trotsky, by During this period, Michel Pablo of the SWP delegates were supporters of Soviet GPU-now KGB-agents, by the (Raptis) carried out "entrism" by serv­ the minority faction. It is again noted 1941 Smith Act prosecutions in Minne­ ing as an underground agent for the that these records are contained only in apolis of 18 top Socialist Workers Party communist faction of the Algerian ter­ confidential internal publications of the leaders who were jailed for advocating rorist National Liberation Front (FLN) . Fourth International and are not avail­ the overthrow of the U.S. Government Raptis was arrested and convicted in able to persons who are not disciplined by force and violence; and by World War Holland in 1961 of offenses committed members of the FI's national sections.12 n which virtually destroyed the orga­ while carrying out that activity.8 A comparison of internal Fourth In­ nized Trotskyist movement in Europe. The Socialist Workers Party broke ternational memoranda circulated by Some key cadres were killed by the Sta­ with Healy and Lambert in 1963 andre­ Mary-Alice Waters dated November 28, linists, others by the Nazis. joined the International Secretariat 1975, and December 19, 1975, with mate­ During the war the Trotskyist Com­ which was then renamed the United Sec­ rial in other confidential SWP and munists continued to support the Soviet retariat of the Fourth International. Fourth International publications, the Union, stating that the Marxist-Lenin­ A small group of Latin American Trot­ SWP Discussion Bulletin, vol. 33, No. ist revolution was merely "deformed" by skyists actively engaged in terrorist ac­ 4, June, 1975, p. 45, and the International Stalin. James Cannon introduced a reso­ tivities then split away from the United Internal Discussion Bulletin, vol. 11, lution at the SWP's 1942 convention, Secretariat. This group, led by Juan No. 5, April, 1974, p. 201, reveals that six only 2 years after the murder of Trot­ Posadas, called themselves the Latin top members of the Socialist Workers sky, Which stated: American Bureau of the Fourth Inter­ Party serve on the United Secretariat The war of the Soviet Union is our war, national. and travel regularly to Brussels to par­ the war of the workers everywhere. • • • We ticipate in Fourth International orga­ are the Soviet patriots in war as in peace.4 Shortly after the 1963 merger, Michel nizational matters. They are: Pablo led another small group out of the At the end of the Second World War, •Jack W. Barnes, aka "Celso", SWP Na­ Fourth International. For his services in tional Secretary; member SWP Political and the Socialist Workers Party was virtu­ the FLN underground, the Ben Bella National Committees. ally the only organized and functioning government gave Raptis a job; however, •John Benson, aka. "Johnson," alternate Trotskyist communist party in the after the Boumedienne coup Raptis was member SWP National Committee resident world. The SWP leadership selected fired. in Brussels and serving as a full-time SWP Michel Raptis, a Greek who uses the THE FOURTH INTERNATIONAL (UNITED functionary in the Fourth International headquarters. alias Michel Pablo in the Trotskyist SECRETARIAT) movement; and Ernest Mandel, alias *Joseph Hansen, aka "Pepe," long a leader Ernest Germain, a Belgian intellectual The basic policymaking body of the of the SWP, Hansen had been one of Trot­ and Trotskyist theoretician, to recon­ Fourth International-FI-is the World sky's bodyguards and had taken most of Congress which is convened at varying them up onto the roof of Trotsky's house struct the Fourth International in Eu­ to check a. new security system at the time rope. Pablo served as secretary of the intervals. Since the June, 1963, Seventh GPU agent Ramon Mercad'er arrived with Fourth International.6 World Congress - Reunification - in his ice axe. Hansen is editor of the Fourth The Mandel-Pablo leadership of the Italy, World Congresses have been held International's weekly magazine, Intercon­ Fourth International developed a theory in December, 1965-8th; April, 1969- t inental Press, which the SWP publishes for that mankind must be prepared for (9th) ; and in February, 1974-10th­ the FI. Hansen remains active in SWP rela­ "generations of deformed workers' in Sweden. tions with the Fourth International and 6 with Intercontinental Press, but was removed states." By this they meant that the The representatives of the national from the Polltica.l Committee in a reorga­ Soviet form of communism, including sections attending the Fourth Interna­ nization in May, 1975.13 the whole repressive terrorist state ap­ tional World Congresses select the mem­ *Gus Horowitz, aka "Galois," a member paratus of secret police, slave labor bers of the International Executive Com­ of the SWP National Committee living in camps, et cetera, would be the dominant mittee-IEC-which is the ruling body Paris and serving as an SWP liaison with force in the world for many generations. between World Congresses. The IEC, by foreign Trotskyites. Since his international While they considered this form of so­ faction, in turn selects the members of activities interfere with regular attendance at U.S. meetings, Horowitz left the SWP Po­ cialism unfortunate, they felt that it was the United Secretaria~USec-which litical Committee in the May, 1975, reor­ preferable to capitalism. It was the duty, meets roughly on a monthly basis and ganization.u therefore, of Trotskyists to support the controls the Fourth International's day­ *Ed Shaw, aka "Atwood," a member of the Stalinist movement and to aid it in tak­ to-day operations between IEC meetings. SWP National Committee who because of his ing power. The Fourth International's headquar­ international activities also left the SWP Thus Mandel and Pablo advocated a ters or Bureau are in Brussels, Bel­ Political Committee in the May, 1975, reor­ program they termed "entrism" by gium-76 rue Antoine Dansaert, Brussels ganization.15 which they called on the Trotskyist par­ 1000, Belgium-and its current confiden­ •Mary-Alice Waters. aka "Therese," a ties to dissolve as public entities and for tial mailing address is in care of Gisela member of the SWP Political and National Trotskyists en masse to enter the Com­ Scholtz--Mrs. Ernest Mandel-Boite Committees highly active in the work of munist parties in which the Trotskyists. Postale-Post Office Box-1166, Brussels the minority faction in the Fourth Interna­ would then function as a secret faction. 1000, Belgium." Representatives of the tional. The Socialist Workers Party leader­ Fourth International's member parties The documents also show that all six ship headed by James Cannon opposed work at the FI Bureau. The representa­ of the Socialist Workers Party represent­ the "entrist" policy. A middle position, tive of the Socialist Workers Party in the atives in the United Secretariat are also supported by some Trotskyists, was that Fourth International Bureau is John leading members of the minority Lenin­ they should enter into the periphery or Benson who uses the alias "Johnson" or ist-Trotskyist Faction-LTF-steering front organizations of the communist "Benny Johnson." He has been an al­ committee and also are full members of · parties. When the SWP leadership dis­ ternate member of the SWP National the International Executive Committee. covered that an SWP faction support­ Committee snce 1971.10 A John Benson Other SWP members serve on the IEC as ing entrism had received secret help was the leader of the SWP's Young So­ alternates-Mitchell, Pedro, and from the Fourth International leader­ cialist Alliance branch in Philadelphia in Susan-and on the EOC Control Com­ ship, the SWP precipitated a split in the the mid-1960s.11 Bundy. International. The SWP joined with the SWP FUNCTIONARIES IN THE FOURTH Two other Americans aLso serve on the Socialist Labour League in England­ INTERNATIONAL IEC. They are John Barzman, alias Healyites-and a French grou~Lam­ The minutes and voting record of the "Hovis," and William Massey, alias bertists-to set up a new organization, "Moss." They are the leaders of a pro­ the International Committee of the 1974 Tenth World Congress of the Fourth International reveal that the Socialist terrorism-now faction. Most faction Fourth International. The Pablo-Mandel members were expelled from the SWP groUP called themselves the Interna­ Workers Party had a total of 24 full tional Secretariat of the Fourth Inter- voting delegates present. Two of these shortly after the Tenth World Congress were supporters of the International for violating procedural rules, not for Footnotes at end of article. Majority Tendency Young Socialist Alliance meetings The International Information Bul­ for legitimate SWP expenses such as: in support of the proterrorism line of letin's English language edition states it 1. Living and travel expenses abroad for the IMT majority faction and support­ is "Published as a fraternal courtesy to one or more SWP leaders; ing like-minded members of the SWP 2. Travel expenses for our observers, which 18 the United Secretariat of the Fourth In­ are extremely high because of the fact that and YSA. His tour was in accord with ternational" by the Socialist Workers the headquarters of the world movement is the Statutes of the Fourth International. Party. located in Europe; Statute 14 states: The International Internal Discussion 3. Printing and distributing free of charge The International Executive Committee Bulletin issues state they are the "Eng­ as a fraternal courtesy to the United Secre­ cooperates with the national sections in lish-language edition of the internal dis­ tariat an English-language internal discus­ helping to raise the theoretical, political, cussion bulletin of the United Secretariat sion bulletin (in the last year this has been and organizational level of their internal life. expanded to include a series of Spanish-lan­ • • • intervention of this kind (is) carried of the Fourth International" which "is guage bulletins also) ; on by such activities as tours and visits by published by the Socialist Workers Par­ 4. Postage for international bulletins members of the International leadership. ty as a fraternal courtesy to the United print ed in the U.S.A.; • • • the International has the right to send Secretariat of the Fourth International." 5. Purchase of substantial quantities of a representative to present its views. The public documents of the Fourth Trotskyist literature published in the U.S.A. Statute 14 continues: International include the bi-weekly to facilitate its circulation at reasonable prices in colonial and semicolonial coun­ Such represen tatives are responsible to t h e magazine Inprecor-International Press tries; United Secretariat and th e International Ex­ Correspondent-which states it is the 6. Assuring the yegular publication of In­ ecutive Committee. The national leadership "fortnightly information organ of the t ercont inental Press, the weekly magazine of should cooperate closely, giving representa­ United Secretariat of the Fourth Inter­ t he Fourth International. tives of the International Executive Commit­ national published in English, French, Since these expenses come to many thou­ tee voice (but only consultative vote) in all Spanish and German" in Brussels-76 sands of dollars a month (several times more leading bodies, enabling them to discuss rue Antoine Dansaert, Brussels 1000, than the contributions of the largest sec­ freely with the membership, and permitting Belgium. t ions and sympathizing organizations) our them to present motions if they wish. cothinkers in the world Trotskyist movement Intercontinental Press is published by have always agreed with us that morally this Thus, in 1974, Micheloux attended a the Socialist Workers Party for the was equivalent to what official sections of the closed, as usual, meeting of the SWP Fourth International in English in New International contributed to the work of National Committee as a representative York from P.O. Box 116, Village Station, building the world movement.IG of the IEC and its controlling "terror­ New York, N.Y. Intercontinental Press, ism-now" majority.19 formerly World Outlook, states that "un­ Sheppard goes on to say that this is The fact that the Socialist Workers signed material stands on the program the basis on which the SWP has operated Party is under the discipline of the of the Fourth International." Its editor with the Fourth International since re­ Fourth International was again demon­ is Joe Hansen. The contributing editors unification in 1963. In other words, the strated at the · August, 1975, SWP Na­ are the three top leaders of the pro-ter­ SWP is paying the living and travel ex­ tional Convention. Both the majority rorist IMT faction, Ernest Mandel, Livio penses of John Benson and Gus Horo­ and minority factions of the Fourth In­ Maitan and Pierre Frank; and George witz, its representatives at the Brussels ternational have been trying to bring Novack, a veteran functionary of the So­ Fourth International headquarters. It into the Fourth International other cialist Workers Party. pays all travel expenses for SWP mem­ Trotskyist parties who had previously While a voiding technical violation of bers traveling on Fourth International split with the organization in order to the Voorhis Act, the SWP picks up the business. It prints and distributes the bolster their factions. expenses for the English language edi­ English language confidential internal The Mandel leadership has been in­ tions of the two confidential internal Fourth International publications. It volved in unity maneuvers with Michel magazines and for the production of In­ subsidizes the publication of "vast Pablo and his group. The SWP has car­ ternational Press. amounts" of Trotskyite literature and ried on the same kind of activity with A letter to Ernest Mandel in Brussels picks up the distribution costs. And the Lambert and his OCRFI. In 1971 Lam­ from Barry Sheppard, the SWP organi­ SWP publishes the Fourth Internation­ bert broke with Healy.20 zation secretary on behalf of the SWP al's weekly news magazine for the Fl. The SWP invited observers to attend political committee dated June 28, 1974, These expenses are paid by the SWP in its convention from the French Lambert­ makes clear the Socialist Workers Party lieu of direct cash contributions and have ist group, the OCRFI. As Jack Barnes is a section of the Fourth International been accepted as the SWP's fair share of explained: and that it has used a variety of means Fourth International costs to be paid by We invited the comrades of the OCRFI to overcome the ban on financial contri­ each national section. to observe the open sessions of our conven­ butions to its parent organization. Shep­ The fact that the Socialist Workers tion • • • with the proviso that the closed pard wrote: Party is actually a section of the Fourth sessions will be closed to them as to other International and that its "sympathiz­ observers, and open only to the convention DEAR COMRADE MANDEL: ing" or "fraternal" status is a mere fic­ delegates and the IEC members of the Fourth The Political Committee of the Socialist International here as observers." 21 Workers Party has considered the report from tion is also shown by the fact that lead­ Comrades Johnson [John Benson]. Atwood ing members of the Fourth Internation­ In other words, even friendly Trotsky­ [Ed Shaw) and Therese (Mary-Alice Waters] al's International Executive Committee ite observers from groups outside the that took place at the May meeting of the have attended sessions of the SWP na­ Fourth International are barred from at­ United States Secretariat under the agenda tional conventions open only to SWP tending the closed sessions of the SWP point designated as "finances." delegates and top functionaries. At these convention, while the representatives of • • • • sessions, even members of the SWP and the Fourth International IEC are ad­ However, at the last meeting of the United YSA who are not delegates, but who are mitted as full participants. Secretariat, some comrades of the majority, attending as observers are not admitted. we were told, even went so far as to make At the August 1973, SWP national FOOTNOTES remarks like "We're getting tired of hearing 1 "Statutes of the Fourth International," about this Voorhis Act excuse," and com­ convention, Livio Maitan, alias "Domin­ adopted without change at the Tenth World ments of a similar nature. Threats were made go" and "Claudio'' spoke at length on Congress, February 1974; Intercontinental by some to bring out alleged "records" to behalf of the International Majority Press, Vol. 12, No. 46, December 23, 1974, pp. "prove" that the SWP has in the past given Tendency supporting terrorism. Maitan 1837-1840. cash to the Fourth International. We can is the head of the Italian section of the 2 James P. Cannon, The History of Ameri- August 30, 1976 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 28455 can Trotskyism, Pioneer Publishers, New EMPTY SCHOOLS iad of programs from expanded kindergartens York. to senior citizen il.unches. Since there is a a Leon Trotsky, Dictatorship vs. Democrac-y, limit to the number of government programs Workers (Communist) Party of America, that need housing, Arlington County has New York City, 1922, pp. 58-59. HON. H. JOHN HEINZ Ill established a citizen committee that has 'James P. Cannon, The Worke'rs and the OF PENNSYLVANIA recommended guidelines for selecting non­ Second World War, Pioneer Publishers, New IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES governmental tenants in empty schoolhouses. York, pp. 25, 26. The county is to retain ownership of the u Tim Wohlfarth, The Struggle for Marxism Monday, August 30, 1976 building and only lease the space. Youth in the United States, p. 54; Education for Mr. HEINZ. Mr. Speaker, in March of activities are to have priority, followed by Socialists: Towards a History of the Fourth, this year, I introduced two bills which agencies that benefit the community and International, Part 2, National Education De­ are designed to help recycle thousands compatible enterprises. partment of the Socialist Workers Party, 1976 The problems and opportunities of de­ reprint. . . of abandoned school buildings across the creased enrollment are discussed in a new s See International Informat·wn Bulletm, country. The Surplus School Conserva­ publication by the Educational Facilities December 1949, "On the Class Nature of tion Act of 1976 would provide HUD Laboratories, a nonprofit organi2lation that Yugoslavia," by M. Pablo; International In­ grants to help communities renovate and encourages and guides improvements in all formation Bulletin, January 1950, "The convert abandoned school buildings into kinds of educational buildings. Entitled Yugoslav Question, The Question of the other community facilities. The Surplus "Surplus School Space: Options and Oppor­ Soviet Buffer Zone, and Their Implication tunities," the pamphlet surveys ideas a~d ex­ f:>r Marxist Theory=·; .3WP Internal Bulletin, School Conversion Act of 1976 would offer periences from all over the country. Floxboro, February 1950, "The Problem of Eastern tax incentives for private developers to Mass., for instance, converted a 1952 school­ Europe," by Joseph Hansen. . convert abandoned school buildings into house for use by handicapped children, a The · International Information Bulletm commercial uses and thus restore them crisis telephone service, adult education, art was published by the SWP from the Internal to the tax rolls. club and programs for senior citizens and Bulletin of the International Secretariat of My legislation has attracted strong teenagers. Space in the Kalamazoo (Mich.) the Fourth International. Pablo was the support from educational and preserva­ Central High School is leased to a private name used by Raptis; Germain was Mandel. tion groups across the country. In recent business school. In Rochester, N.Y., an ele­ 7 See International Socialist Review, New mentary school and its adjacent 22 acres York (published by the SWP), Fall, 1963; _4th months, favorable articles concerning now serve the community as a nature center. International, Paris (published by the Uruted this proposal have appeared in Educa­ In Rotterdam, N.Y., a surplus school has be­ Secretariat), October-December, 1963. tion Daily, Nation's Schools Reports, and come a center for the blind; in Dayton, Ohio, s 4th International, Paris, Summer 1960; several preservation publications. In ad­ one serves teacher training; in Boulder, Winter 1960-61 (published b;r International dition, the New York Times, the Philadel­ Colo., one yielded studio space for artists. Secretariat of the Fourth International). phia Bulletin, the Washington Post, and There are many more examples. II Letter from SWP National secretary Jack several papers in Pennsylvania have The toughest decision as to whether to Barnes to Pierre Lambert of the Central featured editorials and articles endorsing abandon or convert is faced by center city Committee of the Organisation Communiste school boards and neighborhoods. There is, Internationaliste (OCI), the French section this concept. I am pleased that nine of of course, a great temptation to demolish sur­ of the Organisation Communiste pour la Re­ my colleagues are joining with me today plus educational facilities in order to reduce construction de la 4 Internationale, dated as I reintroduce this important legisla­ maintenance costs and possibly pick up cash october 9, 1975, and circulated in a memo­ tion. For my colleagues' benefit, I would by selling the properties. In most ins·tances randum by Mary-Alice Waters dated Novem­ like to include in the RECORD a Philadel­ this temptation should be resisted, however, ber 1. 1975. phia Bulletin article, a Washington Post because without at least school buildings the 10 SWP Discussion Bulletin, Vol. 31, No. 4, editorial, and a copy of a letter I wrote center city will lose what is left of its resi­ May, 1973, p . 5; SWP Discussion Bulletin, Vol. to the editor of the New York Times: dential character and drive out what families 33, No. 4, June 1975, p. 51; (SWP) Internal remain. It would frustrate current efforts to Information Bulletin, October, 1975, p. 10 No. [From the Washington Post, Aug. 23, 1976] improve 'inning the highest butterfat test tor of life at West Point. And his counseling Communities at one time or another. several years. Again, he was one of the offi­ on the current situation at the Academy Mr. Eddy established the Victor Nursery in cers of the Howard Lake Cooperative Cream­ Victor Township Southwest of Howard Lake, ery-that shipped milk and butter nation­ has been invaluable to me. Minnesota in 1895. On December 23, 1896, Mr. ally-as he served as secretary-treasurer. He Professor Moore is the coauthor of the Eddy was married to Miss Ida C. Little, also gave community service as an officer of book "School for Soldiers: West Point daughter of the Reverend David Little-a the Howard Lake Phone Company, Howard and the Profession of Arms," widely re­ Methodist Minister who once did religious Lake City Council, Howard Lake School garded as one of the finest works ever work with the Reverend Dwight L. Moody, Board, and many other organizations. written about the U.S. Military Academy. Mr. Ira D. Sankey, and Mr. Philip P. Bliss. ~· Eddy, according to the 1915 History of The book is based, in large part, upon his Together, Mr. & Mrs. Eddy moved their nurs­ W~lf!ht Cc·unty by Franklin Curtiss-Wedge, ongmated the "Eddy Apple" which was an experiences as a professor of English at ery headquarters to the village of Howard the Academy from 1968 until 1970. Cur­ Lake in 1906 and in the Southeastern area of eating apple developed in Howard Lake in town built their building that housed the the early 1900's. In 1907, !vir. & Mrs. Eddy, rently, a professor of English at the Uni­ nursery facilities. Fruit orchards, arbors and had triplet children-Ida, Howard, and Wil­ versity of Maryland, Dr. Moore is also patches were begun. liam Henry Junior-and a promot ional ad­ executive secretary of the William Faulk­ Under the ownership of Mr. & Mrs. Eddy, vertising sheet was drawn with the three ner Concordance project in which the the Howard Lake and Victor Nurseries be­ children transposed upon the picture of an Academy is participating. came one of the largest wholesale and retail apple. Consequently, this "picture apple" be­ Mr. Speaker, I would like to call the businesses in Wright County for many years. came famous throughout the region and better known than the real "Eddy Apple" attent.ion of my colleagues to the testi­ During the months of April through June, it mony of Professor Moore before Senator was-for years-the largest seasonal em­ that had a short-lived popular use. In the ployer of persons as a commercial firm in well known triplet apple picture, was the NUNN's Armed Services Subcommittee on the Howard Lake Region with as many as 42 statement, "Our papa grows apple trees and Manpower and Personnel on August 9, full-time persons employed along with over we are fond of apples." Another slogan Mr. 1976, and before a House Government Eddy Sr. used was, "It isn't a home until it Operations subcommittee on March 17, a dozen part-time youth in the field work is planted." Hundreds of hardy northern alone. Over 85 salesmen were employed at varieties were sold. 1976, as I believe that his remarks will one time during the World War I Period and In 1976, in Wright County, the largest provide very valuable insights into the they sold stock in Minnesota, North Dakota, actlve nursery is the Midland Nursery of problems currently faced by the South Dakota, as well as throughout the Howard Lake. T l1 e Midland Nursery is the Academy: Midwest. At one time, the Nursery packed former Paul Eddy And Sons Nursery which TESTIMONY OF DR. ROBERT H. MOORE BEFORl;; "Wrap-A-Pack" nursery stock for Sears and was started by Paul Eddy who was a graduate Roebuck Company-one of the world's larg­ THE MANPOWER AND PERSONNEL SUBCOM ­ of the University of Minnesota Department MITTEE, HEARINGS ON SERVICE ACADEMV est merchandise corporations-so plant ma­ of Horticulture in 1923 and Minnesota State terials were distributed nation-wide. HONOR SYSTEMS, AUGUST 9, 1976 Representative from Wright County from Mr. Chairman, members of the subcom­ The two largest landscaping jobs done by 1950-1956. Mr. Harvey Foss and Mr. Terry De the Nursery were the veterans Hospitals in mittee, I am pleased to be here at your re­ Marais of Minneapolis bought the Paul Eddy quest to discuss issues arising out of the Minneapolis and St. Cloud, Minnesota. These and Sons Nursery in 1975. The Midland planting projects were completed in the early March 1976 West Point cheating inctdents Nursery has over 40 acres of nursery stock involving an Electrical Engineering home 1930's. The stock now has a park like growth. on its 70 acres. Mr. & Mrs. Eddy had eight children (Edwin, As the author and his family travel over study exercise. My remarks this morning re­ Eva, Paul, Priscilla, Ella, Ida, Howard and the state of Minnesota, there are certain fiect the preliminary findings of my ongoing William Henry Junior) that lived, with one plantings of trees, shrubs, and flowers-that study into these incidents and related mat­ child (Clark) dying in childbirth. Over the can be identified from the soil of one of the ters. It is not my intention today to make years, children married and their spouses and nurseries of Howard Lake. Improved mental definitive statements on the actions and re­ children worked at various times with the health for persons, improved appearance for actions of the individuals or groups in this Nursery and in general farming so it was like property, and improved economic status for most serious and complex situation. I am one big family reunion during some busy persons has come from using nursery stock. here to participate in the public dialogue Spring planting seasons. The four sons of Mr. This nursery stock lives on to tell the story to which this committee is making important Eddy worked together with their father in of the nurseries of Howard Lake. In an era contributions. the business for a number of years. Then, in when ecology experts warn of the environ­ As you know, Mr. Chairman, my back­ the 1940's, Howard started a nursery in ground as a former military school cadet ~ental crisis of pollution to the planet, it Hutchinson and Paul began a nursery west Army officer, West Point instructor and IS well to remember the value of nursery stu~ of Howard Lake. These two new nurseries stock that brings beauty of plants, purity of dent of military life predisposes me to ap­ grew following World War II. air, and clarity of God's purpose to all of proach. the current controversy as one sym­ In 1955, Edwin and William Henry Junior life. pathetic to the special problems inherent (Mill) assumed the management of the Nurs­ No history can be accurately written with­ 1n American military institutions. In my ery from their father, who lived until he was out the verification of eye witnesses, pri­ cu~rent resea:rch, I have attempted, as Joseph 95 years of age when he died in 1964. Ed sold mary written records, and/ or secondary his­ Ellls and I did in School For Soldiers, to un­ his share to Mill in 1959. Then, in 1969, Mr. torical sources (all histories of Wright derstand the context in which the current Larry Powers of Minneapolis purchased the County were examined and studied). There­ difficulties arose. To this end, I have been Nursery and the name Victor was dropped fore, the author is grateful for the many conducting in-depth interviews with many after some 63 years of use. Mr. Gerald Sterner persons in this Bicentennial Year of the of the principals who are now aligned on of Winsted bought the Nursery in 1971. From United States of America who have made various sides of this matter and I ha··e 1927 to 1973, Mr. Arthur Engle of Howard contributions of information to make this studied many of the documents genera~d Lake worked for all five of the owners of the history possible and hopes to add to the his­ in recent months by those involved. Nursery and put in over 46 years with many tory as more information becomes available. The purpose of PlY testimony is two-fold. of them in the capacity of Field Foreman. At First, to set forth what almost any knowl­ peak operation under Mr. Eddy Sr., proprietor, edgeable observer of West Point would ac­ over 220 acres were under cultivation with WEST POINT SCANDAL knowledge as certain indisputable facts of about 60 acres in nursery stock and in 1976 Military Academy life and then I will sketch less than 20 acres of stock remain that is why these elements must be considered in grown and wholesaled by Mr. Sterner. Only HON. THOMAS J. DOWNEY any realistic assessment of the current scan­ the office building still stands in 1976 at the will OF NEW YORK dal. Second, I briefly outline some present Nursery site that once composed six additional substantive issues which I believe sheds and two barns which contained the IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES are pertinent to these hearings. stock, equipment and other materials. Monday, August 30, 1976 "The mission" of the Military Academy In addition to managing the Nursery, Mr. in the view of the present Superintendent' Eddy Sr. at one time was a leader (president Mr. DOWNEY of N-ew York. Mr. Lieutenant General Sidney Berry, "is to de~ and secretary) in the Howard Lake Fruit Speaker, the cheating scandal at west velop top quality Army officers who can lead 28458 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS August 30, 1916 the land combat forces of this nation in counted for about 5 % of the semester grade given in the future because, they now realize, peace and in war. but especially in war... In in EE. The exercise was to be done by cadets much about the past practice smacks of en­ pursuing this mission, West Point has de­ over a two-week period without colla.bora.t1ng trapment. veloped a number of rigidly defined goals and with any of their roomates and classmates And a. third paradox, they hold to this they have formulated procedures to accom­ who also had the same problem. This act view even though they privately acknowledge plish them. Four of these goals are especially was to be accomplished while the cadets were that this Fall the intermediate penalties con­ germane to our discussion. These four are: to continue collaborating on other homework cept is likely to replace the single sanction A. West Point seeks to develop an intense in the same course; and, in fact, this very concept. problem had a subsequent Part for which sense of camaraderie and cooperation with­ n In short, there is little inclination a.t est in the Corps of Cadets, especially among collaboration was mandatory. Part n was in fact called-"a team project." Point to seriously take into account in their members of the same year group and among current deliberations specific factors that members of the same cadet company. Conse­ There would appear t.> be little question that hundeds of cadets by some accounts, made Electrical Engineering home study .. - quently, cadets are x·equired to cooperate in ercise as morally hazardous as it was. This a wide range of daily activities which rein­ perhaps as many as 400 cadets apparently force a pervasive sense of interdependency. were guilty of collaborating on this home apparently stems from the fact that .,. .. hat B. Second, the Military Academy at­ study exercise. And under the terms of the the Academy wants most urgently is a solu­ tempts to teach cadets to operate under vari­ West Point honor code and the challenge tion to the immediate problem rather than ou s forms of physical and mental pressures they were given. those who are officially found an analysis of its causes. But the effect, in by arbitrarily creating situations of stress guilty are "cheaters." And unless the Secre­ human terms, of this course of action is that inside and outside of the academic class tary of the Army intervenes, they m'l:st be it does not address the fate of those unlucky rooms. I might add that one of the most banished in utter disgrace. few hundred who were caught. The per­ common patterns of stress occurs when 1\.fr. Chairman, I would like to elaborate on vasive feeling seems to be that it is more cadets are placed on their honor. The issue what I've just said. The best available evi­ acceptable for a few hundred to perish than may be something as trivial as a cadet being ence suggests that cadets found guilty by Of­ for the Academy to run the risk of coming asked when he last shined his shoes, or it ficer Boards will be banished. This will oc­ to terms with i;,s institutional soul at this might involve being forbidden from collab­ cur because those in authority seem deter­ time. orating on an activity such as a specific mined to ignore the facts, facts which permit It is simply not realistic to expect a. proud, academic homework assignment. a rational analysis of this cheating incide .• t. highly p:u·tiSan, tradition-encumbered in­ C. A third goal West Point seeks to develop They ignore the specific circumstances of this stitution such as West Point to come clean is what General Berry has recently called incident by claiming they will not apply "a on its own. I do not doubt t:t.at West Point "rock-like integrity" in its cadets. This goal permissive society's view of 'situational has the capacity to make much needed re­ is pursued through an absolute and unbend­ ethics' " to those they curiously identii'y as forms in its honor and conduct systems ing code which carries the moral injunction­ "known cheaters.'' But his defensive ciaim (some of which, as I have just suggested, " A cadet will not lie, cheat, or steal or tol­ conceals their real concern which is that an seem imminent); but, I a.m convinced that erate those who do." And as Army Secretary open airing of the specific circumstance of it lacks the will to make those reforms (or Hoffman expressed it before this committee, this incident would unequivocally demon­ to deal reasonably and fairly with those in­ "the mechanism by which [the code] is im­ strate that the machinery-the Honor Sys­ volved in the EE 304 controversy), unless plemented and administered" is the honor tem-had malfunctioned. persistent outside pressures are applied by system. It should be noted that the rhetoric They fear this admission for 2 reasons. appropriate Congressional forces. of senior Army officials is especially instruc­ F irst they view an admission of a mulfunc­ But there are some aspects of institutional tive. For instance, Secretary Hoffman's cas­ tioning honor system as an admission of de­ life which may be immune from even -r;he ual description of the Honor System as­ ficiency in their goal of "duty, honor, coun­ most subtle and sensitive outside influence. "the mechanism"-is unintentionally reveal­ try" and this is not necessarily the case. And I think here of a common West Point ing, particularly so as evidence mounts that Secondly, as a West Point lawyer noted at passion to assign a moral dimension to al­ the Honor System can on o casion be an the Congressionally sponsored West Point most every element of cadet life. This is com­ alarmingly deficient piece of institutional Honor Code forum last week. "Academy of­ monly seen when the Honor System is used machinery. ficials at this point refuse to accept any por­ to enforce cadet regulations, a phenomenon D. A fourth goal West Point seeks to realize tion of the blame" for this cheating incicent. which has been discussed at length in is the cultivation of a sense of personal and And because of this failure of leadership SchooL jor Soldiers as well as by Congress­ group accountability, and a primary force on the part of Academy officials, the Amer­ man Thomas J. Downey in his appearance in implementing this goal are the scores of ican public has been receiving a tra~ica:ly here. This pattern drew an exasperated re­ erroneous impression of this event which has sponse from a government official in a con­ cadet regulations which define the param­ needlessly slandered both West Point as well eters of acceptable cadet behavior. versation last week. "The Academy's major as the implicated cadets. The erroneous image failing," he said, "is that they have totali­ Each of the four goals I have just sketched has arisen that West Point contains lOO's is in and of itself admirable. And in the view tarianized every cadet to the point at which of cadets who callously and flagrantly cheat­ every act there has a potential moral dlmen­ of most Academy officials, the methods of ed on an examination when what in fact implementation just cited are reasonable sion. And life just ain't that way. It's crazy happened was far less dramatic and far impose moral injunctions on activities and should, they believe, accomplish the de­ more complicated. to sired goal. However, Mr. Chairman, I regret Mr. Chairman, as I have been suggesting which just don't have moral injunctions." to report that when the current methods one of the most depressing aspects of this Is it too much to hope that the Military of implementation come together in the day­ Academy may ultimately emerge from its situation is that the details of the circum­ current difficulties with its worthy goals still to-day life of cadets, not only are the goals stances surrounding the EE 304 exercise have frequently not accomplished; but, some truly intact but with a. chastened sense of its own h01:rendous inconsistencies and contx·adic­ not to my knowledge been fully presented limitations as a moralizing agency? And per­ tions frequently result. And a tragic exam­ in the press, and thus few Americans have haps somewhere along the way the Academy ple of such a development is starkly illus­ even a superficial knowledge of the context may come to temper its severe sense of ju.·­ trated by the cruel ironies reflected in the in which this widely publicized incident ac­ tice with compassion and an appreciation of electrical engineering home study exercise. tually occurred. its regenerative powers. will Even a cursory review of some of the es­ I be glad to return to any of these mat­ Before closing I would like to acknowled~>e sentially administrative facts pertaining to ters and discuss them in much greater detail for the record the assistance of my colleag;e, this exercise reveals how treacherous West 1f you wish. But before concluding my pre­ Dr. Mark Kimble, in preparing material for Point's various systems for implementing pared remax·ks, I would like to make some my appearance today and to add that he is worthy goals can be. For instance, the pat­ general observations. working with me in a continuing effort to tern of giving assigned study problems I believe that the majority of officers and better understand the ramifications of the (ASP's) which elicited cadet collaboration cadets at West Point may genuinely feel that issues we are discussing. was a weekly occurrence in electrical engi­ it would be a serious mistake if the cadets Mr. Cha:irman, and members of the sub­ neering. And since EE 304 is a difficult course who are found guilty of unauthorized col­ committee, thank you for the opportunity to for many cadets, the normal practice of cadet laboration were to be reinstated. appear before you today. I would welcome cooperation on out-of-class homework was Having said this, I would like to call the your questions. particularly well-ingrained. committee's attention to three revealing par­ It sho1 lld be noted at this point that not adoxes which characterize what can be at STATEMENT TO SUBCOMMITTEE ON LEGISLATION only does the Academy's mandatory core times a kind of institutional schizophrenia: AND NATIONAL SECURITY, 1\fARCH 17, 1976, curriculum require cadets to take this course First many West Pointers who believe that DR. ROBERT H. MOORE without regard to their interest in or apti­ all cadets who are "found guilty" should be The impending admission of women to the tude for it, but most cadets see little rela­ separated from the Academy hold to this federal service Academies and the recent tion between this course and their future view even though they privately acknowledge completion of the U.S. General Accounting careers as Army officers. that this particular type of unauthorized Office studies of these schools provide an in­ So in the midst of this incongruous situa­ collaboration on homework has probably valuable opportunity for this Subcommittee tion yet another powerful factor was intrud­ been commonplace in recent years. and the Congress to perform their oversight ed-that of the stress of being placed on Secondly, they hold to the view even function. Since others have spoken to the their honor. The challenge was to complete though, they privately acknowledge that these A ~ademies' financial operatl-:ms, military pro­ a difficult, time-consuming exercise which sort of homework assignments will not be grams and student attrition problems, I will August 30, 1976 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 28459 t he Committee is in effect justifying the focus on academic matters with special ref~ qua.lifl.ed" faculty. Highly qualifl.ed is defined as "milltary professionals with outstanding faculty mix of the Military and Air Force erence to the faculties of the Air Force, Naval Academies at the expense-both in dollars and Military Academies. records of military service who, additionally, possess the requisite graduate education to as well as in institutional disruption-of the My perspective undoubtedly reflects my Naval Academy. Ironically, this action is military and civilian experiences. In addition teach credibly at the baccalaureate level." This definltlon becomes particularly worri­ being undertaken despite the fact that the to serving two years a.s an active duty Army Naval Academy civilian faculty is by far officer on the West Point faculty, I graduated some when one notes that requisite gra.du~ ate education simply refers to the minimum the most academically distinguished group from a military pA:epara.tory school and had of educators currently teaching at the fed­ a decade of U.S. Army Reserve affiliation possession of "a Master degree in discipline relevant to the subject they teach." Cer­ eral service Academies. which included two summer reserve duty Issues such as those I have sket ched today tours at West Point. My civilian experiences tainly this notion of what constitutes a "highly qualified" faculty member, suggests clearly merit public exposure. They must encompass administrative and teaching post~ a distressingly stunted view of undergradu­ not be left as the in-house prerogatives tions in circumstances ranging from an all eit her of the Defense Department or of the male college to large state universities. ate education. The sad fact is that this standard iS applicable to junior colleges and various Academies. This is not to disparage In assessing the academic faculties of the the Committee on Excellence in Education three major Academies, one is immediately community colleges, but not to four year colleges and universities. Indeed one would (which makes some progressive recommenda.­ struck by the fact that career military officers be hard pressed in 1976 to find a four year -&ions) or the earnest efforts of officers who make up 99 % of the faculties at West Point college which would accept t h e Academies' serve at the military Academies. However and the Air Force Academy, while the Naval qu estions about the nature and mission of Academy faculty has a 50% civillan and a standard for a n y major segment of its faculty. America's service Academies inevitably in­ 50% military officer miX. These figures pro­ A second deficiency which the Committee volve nat ional security considerations which vide an especially instructive focal point for regards as a virtue is the Air Force and Mill­ must be openly and vigorously discussed. For evaluating the quality of academic life. Thus, tary Academies' pattern of an appropriat-e Ya in the final analysis, a democracy is a. it is not surprising that in an April 1975 turnover of non-tenured faculty each year. d emocracy. memorandum, the Defense Department's The Committee's justification of this pat­ Committee on Excellence in Education dwelt tern reveals a startingly parochial view of on faculty composition and tenure policies. undergraduate education. The Committee The Committee's response to these matters states in a memorandum referring to West EARTHQUAKE LEGISLATION PEND­ dramatizes an issue which is fundamental Point that, "Having almost a third of the to any discussion of the Service Academies­ faculty fresh from graduate school each year ING IN THE HOUSE Should these institutions be primarily in­ serves to preserve an active and up-to-date doctrination and training centers which pre­ academic perspective which is definitely pare future junior officers for the combat beneficial to the education al process." The HON. GEORGE E. BROWN, JR. arms? Or, should they be principally schools pervasiveness of t h is notion at West Point OF CALIFORNYA of academic excellence preparing men and is illustrated by an Academy department IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES women for service in a. wide variety of Ar m ed head who went on to become the Academic Forces specialties? Dean. He gave this matter-of-fact explana­ Monday, August 30, 1976 At present the Academies favor the former tion for restricting 90 % of the faculty to Mr. BROWN of California. Mr. Speak­ emphasis over the latter. However, their three year terms: overwhelming preoccupation with producing In the fu-st year [the incoming facult y J er, the Congress is now prepared to enact combat officers (a. preoccupation which, are in the learning st ages of being an in­ a small, but significant bill which could ironically, is reinforced by the Committee structor. While I don't think there is any provide the necessary Federal support to on Excellence in Education) results in a question about their ability to put the ma­ predict catastrophic earthquakes as well much narrower role than that defined by terials across, it's a question of their abil­ as mitigate other earthquake haz'ards. the law and by their own mission state­ ity to carry a class on to a certain extent. Ths bill, S. 1174, passed the Senate ments-to produce "career offic.ers" for the The second year they are here they h-a.ve services. As the GAO noted, "The difference several months ago, and passed, with improved on that and the third year it's amendments, the House Committee on 1n role interpretation is significant because, the maximum and they are gone. I think under cunent practices [of directing most that sometimes when we keep the chaps for Science and Technology only this month. graduates into combat assignments], gradu­ a fourth year they get a. little stale. • As one who is greatly interested in this ates are automatically precluded from initial The most charitable observation one can pending legislation, I found an article assignment to [many] major components or make about this attitude is that it varies on earthquakes in the Sunday Washing­ branches of the service. The difference takes radically with civilian academic standards. ton Star to be quite interesting. Among on added significance in light of the impend­ Most American schools assume that two or ing admission of women to the academies." the points made in this article is the fact more years may be required before a begin­ that due to shortages of funds and equip­ The rather parochial view the Academies ning teacher develops satiSfactory control have of their mission is well illustrated by of his subject and confidence in his class­ ment the U.S. Geological Survey has had the current method of staffing their academic room ability. And in a. civilian setting the to move limited 1·esources from northern faculties with rotating groups of junior offi­ rewards for successful faculty service are California to southern California in order cers who have marginal academic credentials. tenure and promotion, not reassignment to to properly evaluate changes in the As the GAO noted: another job. However, the predominant view Ea1·th's crust that are believed to foretell Over 90 % of the military faculties of the of the Service Academies is that after a a major earthquake. Defense Academies are not tenured and ro­ third year an instructor's presence has tate every 3 to 4 years. Prior teaching experi­ If S. 1174 becomes law, this shortage reached the point of diminishing returns. of funds and equipment can be elim­ ence is not required; consequently, the facul­ This view tends to be shared by the non­ ties of the Military and Air Force Academies tenured instructors who do not conceive inated. are composed largely of inexperienced teach­ of themselves as uniformed educators, but The article follows: ers. At the beginning of each academic year, as officers serving a tour at a military post [From the Washington Star, Aug. 29, 1976] the Military Academy's nontenured faculty that also happens to be a school. These in­ W H Y THE RASH OF "GREAT" EARTHQUAKES have an average of only 1 year teaching ex­ structors expect to move into and out of THIS YEAR? perience, and the Air Force Academy's aver­ varied assignments every two or three years; (By Roberta Hornig) age is 1% years experience. The Naval Acad­ consequently, they accept the pattern of emy faculty is more experienced because half being reassigned after having developed pro­ Few things are as frightening or leave one its members are civilians with an average of ficiency at one duty station. so helpless as the unexpected wrenching of 20 years exuerience. In the context of the somewhat bizarre the ground, the shaking and twisting that The GAO further found an "apparent rationales which the Academies offer for topples mighty buildings and opens gaping anomaly" in the faculty selection process. their academic practices, and which the chasms-.the phenomenon called the earth­ "Civilian faculty," according to the GAO, Committee generally supports, it is hardly quake. "are selected on the basis of demonstrated surprising that the Committee developed one And this year it looks as if the world is ability, whereas military faculty members, initiative which may well be its penultimate trembling more than ever. at the time of selection, are not required to non sequitur, i.e. its recommendation that Between Feb. 4 (when Guatemala City was have either teaching experience or formal the Naval Academy increase its uniformed struck almost dead center and 23,000 died) teacher training." faculty from 50 % to 60% by 1980. When one and July 27 (when a catastrophic quake The response of the Committ ee on Excel­ killed at least 100,000 in an industrial cen­ recognizes that both West Point and the Air ter of Hopeh Province in Northern China) lence in Education to these staffing patterns Force Academy faculties consist of 99+% reveals a deeply entrenched inclination to military officers, it becomes apparent that earthquakes-many of them killers-have support the continuing mllitarization of been reported in the Philippines, Ecuador, Academy academic life. This inclination has, Russia, Turkey, Bali and numerous islands inexorably, led the Committee to cite as vir­ *This quote is from Joseph Ellis and Rob­ spread throughout the Pacific. tues some of the schools' most serious defi­ ert Moore, School for Soldiers: West Point There are also quite a few chilling statis­ ciencies. For instance, the Committee en­ and the Profession of Arms (New York: OX­ tics from the U.S. Geological Survey, the fed­ dorses the Academies' definition of "h t ghl~ for University Press, 1974), p. 149. eral government's earth quake watcher. CXXII--1794-Part 22 28460 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS August 30, 1976 For example, this year there have been There are signs, though, that earthquake diction that the Southern California com­ twice as many "great" quakes, the designa­ predicting is not all that far away and within munity is destined for a severe jolt, but tion for those measuring more than 8 points a decade or so may become as common as USGS researchers in Menlo Park, Calif., near on the quake-measuring Richter scale. weather forecasting. San Francisco, have rushed southward with The long-term average, meaning a 50-year The National Research Council, a group instruments and gadgets to keep a close time frame, for these giant shakers is 1.5 a organized by the National Academy of Sci­ watch. year. So far, there have been three-in the ence, said last month that "our level of This locale, in fact, may become the first Kermadee Islands just north of New Zea­ scientific understanding warrants looking major test of earthquake forecasting in the land last January, in China in July and in upon earthquake prediction as 'an achieve­ United States. One scientist-Dr. James H. the Philippines earlier this month. able goal' that could be realized in the next Whitcomb, a geophysicist at the California Another statistic is that the number of 10 years if a national commitment in a long­ Institute of Technology-predicted last April "big" quakes reported around the world this term research program is made now." at a meeting in Washington that a moderate­ year has doubled since June. Four nations, the United States, China, ly strong earthquake would occur before next All of this raises the question of whether Japan and the Soviet Union, are involved in April. something is going on in the earth's crust attempting to improve the science, with Most majcr U.S. earthquakes have occurred that people need to worry about. China way out in front. in the West in recent years, such as those Dr. Robert Hamilton, who heads USGS Of­ "The Chinese have made a major commit­ in California and the big one in Alaska in fice of Earthquake Studies in the United ment and have over 10,000 people involved 1964. Probably the most destructive quake States does not think so. in their program," Hamilton says. "It's their in U.S. history occurred in the vicinity of While the number of "great" quakes may Apollo program. There's just nothing like it New Madrid, Mo., in the winter of 1811-1812, have doubled in 1976, "major" quakes-those elsewhere." not in terms of lives, because the population registering between 7 and 7.9 on the Richter There is a good reason for the interest by was sparse, but in terms of what it did to the scale, are just about on target, he reports. the People's Republic. China suffers more land. The pattern of the Mississippi River Normally the world can expect about 17 of quakes than any other nation. For example, changed to such an extent that swamps were these annually. So far this year there have it bas 10 times the rate of tremors as the formed where the river once flowed and lakes been 10: two each in China and the Soviet United States does. formed in what had been forestland. Union; and one each in Guatemala, the The impetus for the current research pro­ But, Hamilton warns, East Coasters are Panama-Colombia border, the Kermader Is­ gram came in March 1966 when two killer wrong if they believe they are earthquake lands in the Southwest Pacific, the Kuric Is­ quakes struck Hopeh Province. And the ad­ safe. lands in the western Pacific, Sumatra, and vanced state of the art there has apparently The two principal "high risk" areas, ac­ New Guinea. paid off a couple times. cording to the scientist, are Boston and What is really raising people's earthquake The most cited incident was in February Charleston, S.C., and if quakes do occur consciousness, Hamilton contends, is simply 1975, when in the early evening hours there-and he says they are likely to within that "they're killing more people." Liaoning Province in the northeast was the next hundred years or so-they'll be felt, In effect, he says, earthquake awareness is rocked by a major quake that demolished the perhaps severely, throughout the East Coast. really a byproduct of the population ex­ town of Haicheng. More than a million peo­ Further, he warns, damage would likely be plosion worldwide. "They're happening close ple lived near the quake's center and nearly far greater than in the American West. "It's to cities and towns and so you're now getting 90 percent of the houses collaped. Yet ap­ particularly serious because of the popula­ big death tolls," a situation that's likely to parently there were few casualties. tion density, building construction that is continue, he says. Why? Because, Hamilton says, the quake not as quake-resistant as buildings in the This year quakes around the world have was predicted and people in the area were West and because of the land makeup that killed about 130,000 people, the greatest ordered to stay outside their houses. "That would send shockwaves a far greater dis­ number in 50 years. It is the largest tally was a real success story," the scientist says. tance." since 1923 when about 143,000 persons were While it has not been verified, it is gen­ Hamilton's latter point is that the West killed in an earthquake near Tokyo, and 1920, erally believed the Chinese predicted the lat­ is much more mountainous than the East when about 180,000 fatalities were reported est quake, a massive aftershock really, that and therefore can "sop up" more earthquake in the Kanau, China, region, both heavy shook the mainland July 28, the day after waves. population centers in their day. the big quake. "It's a completely different situation in Earthquakes have always been killers, par­ While the state of the predicting art is in the East," says Hamilton. "A smaller quake, ticularly when they happen where people the novice stage in the United States, scien­ say 6 points on the Richter scale, would do a live. The largest death toll on record, for tists have a few telltale signs they believe lot more damage, a lot more, than it would example, dates back to 1556, when nearly a forecast the likelihood of quakes. in the West," he says. mi111on died in China. One is "land deformation," a detectable "What's happened in all these cases is that rise of the land along a well-known fault. A we've had some unfortunate locations," the second is a change in "electrical resistivity," scientist says. a change in the electrical property within the BANKS CUTTING STUDENT LOANS Hamilton's office does more, though, than earth. Third is magnetic field changes and, just keep track of depressing statistics. What lastly, changes in the speed of seismic moves. he conceives as one of its major roles is a There are other indicators, though, one of HON. RON PAUL relatively new art, but one aimed at saving them simply a rising of water levels in wells. lives-earthquake prediction. The way this works, according to Hamilton, OF TEXAS Scientists now know, or strongly believe is that as stresses build up in rocks, the water IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES they do, what causes quakes. "They're caused gets squeezed and is pushed upward to­ Monday, August 30, 1976 when stresses build up in rocks buried deep ward the surface. in the earth's crust. What happens is the Americans visting China nearly two years Mr. PAUL. Mr. Speaker, the federally rocks can't be held in their slips becaus~ of ago for more data on predictions also were guaranteed student loan program ap­ their excess energy and they began movmg, told to pay close attention to the activities pears to be as unpopular with the pri­ setting off tremors." of animals that appear to precede earth­ vate banks that administer it as it is Hamilton's explanation for the layman is quakes. For examples, the visiting Americans a scientific theory developed in the last 15 were told that snakes, lizards and burrowing popular with the Congress. The redtape or so years, called "plate tectonics." .Accord­ animals leave their underground homes involved in the operation of the program, ing to the theory, the earth's c:r';st 1s .not a shortly before quakes strike. like so many other Federal programs, is single, uniform layer. Instead, 1t s a d!.scon­ Earthquake prediction activities have be­ strangling the life out of it. Bankers all tinuous series of about a dozen vast, shtfting come more respectable, and more of a matter over the Nation have either dropped the plates, each 30 to 90 miles thick. of concern, in the United States in the last program or are considering the possi­ Floating on the earth's semimolten core, few years although the emphasis is no­ bility of dropping it. The second largest and propelled by as yet unidentified forces, where near China's. bank in California, Security Pacific Na­ the plates are in constant motion. For the present fiscal year, the federal Because of the friction between the plate government has earmarked around $11 mil­ tional Bank, stopped making guaranteed movements, stress builds up in the earth, lion for earthquake research, with about $5 student loans last March. The Bank of rocking it, and eventually, the rock frac­ million of this for prediction work. America the largest bank in the United tures, releasing unrestrained energy. It is this In the last couple months, Congress appro­ states, is considering the possibility of sudden release of the pent up energy that priated a special $2.1 million for studies to be abandoning the program next June. The causes earthquakes. done at Palmdale, Calif., near Los Angeles, a delays in payment from both students What scientists don't really know at this city that lies near the infamous San Andreas and then from the Federal Government point-but hope to in the future-is how to fault, a known earthquake belt that runs have discouraged bankers. An informa­ forecast accurately when and where earth­ along the West Coast. tive article on the failures of the student quakes are going to happen. The reason for this special money is that earthquake predicters noticed one of their loan program was provided by t~e "We're just in the development state, not Washington Post in its Business & FI­ a refined state yet," says Hamilton. "In the telltale signs, a peculiar foot-or-so landrise, or "deformation." The earthquake scientists nance section for Monday, August 30, United States few earthquake predictions which is reproduced below. have been successful," he says. are fairly cautious about an outright pre- August 30, 1976 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 28461 BANKS CUTTING STUDENT LOANS program," says Baker. "But not big banks. The psychological benefit of hiring a senior (By Jane Bryant Quinn) We'd be happy just to break even, but as it citizen also should be a prime factor. Too NEW YORK.-Students are finding it is, we're losing." Congress soon will begin often, we tend to treat our elders as we treat tougher than ever to get a guaranteed stu­ debating a higher subsidy to lenders on our children; as basically useless humans dent loan this year. Lenders in various pa.rts guaranteed loans. I! it doesn't pass, the who only need to be cherished and amused. of the country have gotten so fed up with Bank of America might be the first of an­ We tend to forget the wealth of experience the program that they're pulling out, or cut­ other wave of lenders to head for the exits. and understanding that are a p:~.rt of having ting back on the funds they'll give. lived a long and. full life. We forget what There's no hard count on the numbers an important feeling it 1s to be needed. We hear many senior citizens say they that have quit. The Office of Education, in its infinite wisdom, continues to count the feel the rest of the world has pushed them HIRING THE ELDERLY IS aside; that they have outlived their worth. dropouts as participating lenders so long as GOOD BUSINESS We believe hiring senior citizens can some­ they have old loans on the books. how prove to them that this is not so, or But Charles Zuver of the American Bank­ that it no longer will be so. ers Association says he's hearing from an HON. EDWARD J. DERWINSKI We are sure that the possible difficulties increasing number that they have had it up of giving a senior citizen work would be out­ OF ILLINOIS to here. Take, for example, the situation in weighed by the feeling of satisfaction in California: IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES knowing the job is giving much needed reve­ The security Pacific National Bank, sec­ Monday, August 30, 1976 nue and a sense of value to the employee. ond largest in the state, stopped making We know of one elderly woman who works guaranteed loans to new borrowers last Mr. DERWINSKI. Mr. Speaker, I have at a local hospital who sa.ys, "I need my work. March, although, like many other dropouts, It gives me a reason to keep going." That they'll continue lending to their present cus­ introduced H.R. 2588, to terminate age discrimination in employment. May I feeling, we believe, is the best fringe bene­ tomers. Two other large banks--the Bank of fit any employer could hope to offer. California and the United California. Bank­ direct to the attention of the Members a stopped some time ago, as have several sav­ very positive editorial in the West Pro­ ings and loans. The Bank of America­ viso Herald, serving communities in the largest in the state-says that, if things don't western suburbs of Chicago, which ap­ improve by June, they too may pull out. TROTSKYISM AND TERRORISM: peared on August 25. The point is well PART II-THE FOURTH INTERNA­ The withdrawal of Security Pa.clfic alone made in this editorial that senior citizens means a loss of some $1.5 million to Cali­ TIONAL DEBATE ON TERRORISM fornia students. Bank of America. is lend­ have talents and abilities and the will­ ing to many of those turned away by SPNB ingness to work that should be properly and others, but to do it they've dropped recognized and utilized. HON. LARRY MrDONALD their maximum loan from $2,500 a student The article follows: OF GEORGIA to $1,500. This works a hardship on students HIRING THE ELDERLY IS GOOD BUSINESS IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES with big tuition bills. We often feature stories about our area's The Office of Education figure estimates senior citizens, their problems and their Monday, August 30, 1976 that the Bank of America does about 50 pastimes. One of the recurrent themes we Mr. McDONALD. Mr. Speaker, in 1961, per cent of the state's student-loan busi­ have encountered has been the uneasy fact, ness-but B of A itself puts the figure at in most cases, of living on a limited budget. 2 years prior to the reunification of the 70 per cent or higher. If that bank pulls Social security, we know, is designed only Fourth International, Argentine Trot­ out, it will be a major loss. to supplement, not to compensate for, sav­ skyites were sent to Peru to aid Trotsky­ Why do lenders hate the program, not ings and income. But it seems the cost of ite leader Hugo Blanco in his revolution­ only in California but across the country? living has risen disproportionately with so­ ary terrorist campaign. In 1962 Blanco Several reasons: cial security allotments. Few senior citizens The delays are unbelievable. Letters to led a raid on a police station in which have an income. And most will admit that 1 program officials may take several weeks to three police officers were killed. Blanco medical bills and "rainy day" expenses have was captured in May, 1963 and sentenced reach the right desk, and then go unan­ eaten up nest eggs. swered, says Gregory Lancaster of Security The result is that many senior citizens to twenty years imprisonment. The Peru­ Pacific. The interest subsidy that's supposed have had to sacrifice most of the pleasures vian Government granted him an am­ to be paid every three months is often late. of that long-anticipated retirement in order nesty in 1970 and expelled him in 1971 When the lender puts in a claim on a de­ just to get by. Instead of leisure and relaxa­ for continuing his revolutionary activi­ falllted loan, it may take up to a year for tion, some elderly persons face frustration ties. the government to pay. and relative poverty. Since February of this year, the Office of In 1962 the Argentine Trotskyite move­ It needn't be that way in all cases. We are ment led by Nahuel Moreno sent the first Education has had a new system for han­ nearing the end of summer, and most of the dUng default claims, which they say wlll get high school and college students local busi­ group of cadre to Cuba for terrorist everyone paid within 45 days. Wayne Baker of nessmen have hired for part-time work will training.z Some of the Latin American the Bank of America says that mlllenium be returning to school. sections of the Fourth International en­ hasn't yet arrived, but they're at least get­ We urge business persons to consider sen­ gaged in terrorist activities during the ting paid within three or four months in­ lor citizens to fill those part-time positions. 1960's, often in close collaboration with stead of up to a year. A bill in Congress Of course, not all senior citizens are capable would make the government pay interest Castroite groups promoted by the Cuban of holding a. job. The quality of work offered Government. on claims outstanding which might help should be a consideration. hurry payment. But we have found many persons over the At the Ninth World Congress of the Students often blame the lenders, not the age of 60 who are alert, capable and quite Fourth International held in 1969, a res­ government, for snafus. Example: When a willing to test their skills against persons olution was passed ratifying the turn to­ student is in default, the lender can ask the half their age. We believe such individuals ward "armed struggle," a term the Trot­ Office of Education to send a telegram de­ deserve a chance. skyites use to cover all violent acts in­ manding payment. But by the time it finally Any person who can perform or learn a cluding terrorism. The resolution stated: arrives, the student may have caught up skill should not be discriminated against be­ on his debt. When he gets the telegram, he Take advantage of every opportunity not cause of age. Certainly physical and mental only to increase the number of rural guer­ calls the bank in a fury. health must be considered. But 20 hours of Students also get sore when they've been rilla nuclei but also to promote forms of work each week do not place an undue strain armed struggle especially adapted to certain signed up by a suede-shoe salesman for a on a relatively healthy person. horp.e-study or vocational training course zones (for example, the mining zones in Bo­ Senior citizens are allowed by law to work livia) and to undertake actions in the big that turns out not to be worth beans. part time without losing their social security cities aimed both at striking the nerve cen­ They quit the course, but still have a loan benefits. Often those extra few dollars each ters (key points in the economy and trans­ to repay. Lenders take the rap for that, too. week could mean the difference between port, etc.) and at punishing the hangmen of Students who've never had a loan before comfort and want. the regime as well as achieving propagan­ don't fully understand that it must be paid Often employers are reluctant to hire distic and psychological successes (the ex­ even if the school was no good. senior citizens because they fear the respon­ perience of the Elll"opean resistance to Nazism "We got into this program to build last­ sibility and the possibility of work days would be helpful in thiS regard) .a ing relationships with young people," Lan­ missed. It should, however, be considered that caster says. "But when they have trouble few senior citizens have as full a social calen­ While the majority of the Fourth In­ with their loans, they take their frustration dar as students or other young persons. ternational supported terrorism and out on us." We believe many senior citizens would be armed struggle as a tactic. a minority, The interest isn't high enough to make more than willing to give their utmost to an led by the SWP, argued against the pre- the irl'itations worth it. "Some small banks employer wh o demonstrated the good faith with low overheads can make money on the to llire them. Footnotes at end of article 28462 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE August 3'1, 1976 mature use of violence. The debate still could only lead to the political miseducation struggle. We instead believe in increasing continues. of the entire world movement and the deci­ the struggle, in mass terrorism! The two major factions in the Fourth mation of the small Trotskyist parties and cadres in Latin America. Logically it would • • • International are the International Ma­ have to be extended beyond Latin America Let us make it perfectly clear to the CEC jority Tendency-(IMT) -led by Ernest to other parts of the world. (Central Executive Committee)-that for Mandel, Livio Maitan and Pierre Frank; Marxists, kidnappings can never constitute a * • • strategy; a kidnapping is a tactical question. and the Leninist-Trotskyist Faction­ Other supporters of the Latin American And further, the resolution on Latin America (LTF) -led by Joseph Hansen and other majority document have tried to shift the adopted by the 9th World Congress allowed SWP functionaries. discussion onto the axis of 'for or against for the employment of such a tactic within The Socialist Workers Party does not armed struggle." We reject any implication the general framework of the armed struggle; reject the use of violence in principle, that that is what the discussion is really the resolut ion states that it is necessary to but argues only that this may not be an about. If supporters of the minority view "undertake actions in the big cities aimed at were against armed struggle, they would be striking the nerve centers ... and at pun­ appropriate time. As Peter Camejo, a Social Democrats or Stalinists, not Trotsky­ member of the SWP Political Committee, ishing the hangmen of the regime as well as ists. What we reject is the strategy of "pick achieving propagandistic and psychological stated in an answer to Ernest Mandel­ up the gun" as the road to power. As a strat­ successes". (our emphasis-ROT) s Comrade Germain: egy it stands in the way of the construction Comrade Germain leaves the impression of mass revolutionary parties throughout The leadership of the LSA answered: that Lenin opposed terrorism but supported Latin America, and that is what the debate Lenin, of course, did not reject terrorism guerrilla warfare. Lenin's approach was not is about.s "in principle"-as the supporters of the RCT that simple. The Socialist Workers Party has de­ have often pointed out. Marxists do not re­ Guerrilla warfare is only one form of the scribed the leadership of the IMT ma­ ject any method of struggle "in principle." utilization of arms. It cannot be correctly jority faction of the Fourth Interna­ We judge each method according to one cri­ counterposed to terrorism. tional in rather colorful terms. Accord­ terion: "will this method, used at this time and in these circumstances, advance the The word "terrorism" is commonly used to ing to old-time SWP Political and Na­ mean the politics of those who believe that cause of proletarian revolution?" If the an­ violent actions against individual bourgeois tional Committee member Tom Kerry: swer is yes, then we use the method if we are figures can bring about social change, precip­ There is, of course, a division of labor able. If the answer is no, then we don't. We itate a revolutionary situation, or electrify or among the Mandel-Maitan-Frank trio. Ernest are concerned only with effectiveness, and help mobilize the masses even if undertaken Mandel is the ideologue of the group and anyone who reads the works of Marxism on by isolated individuals or groups. Terrorism among the "Old Husbands," is the one who terrorism, including the citations from Lenin in that se:Jse is rejected by the Marxist fathers the political documents, although made above, will see that effectiveness is the movement. But under the conditions of civil they, too, often bear the anonymous author­ only criterion used.9 war, terrorist acts can have a totally differ­ ship of "IEC Majority Tendency." Terrorist activities have been con­ ent political import. Their isolated nature Pierre Frank is the org-spetz, who draws on his decades of experience to beget-in ducted by sections of the Fourt h Inter­ fades. In the process of an insurrection, ter­ nati?nal in Argentina, Bolivia, Peru, rorist acts may be advantageous to the work­ the name of "democratic centralism" of ers moveme"lt. They may also be damaging. course-the belligerent, factional documents, Spam, France, England, and Ireland, But terrorist acts that are not part of a gen­ that deal with the "organization question." and the Middle East. eralized mass armed struggle remain isolated Livio Maitan, since he fell from grace fol­ FOOTNOTES and are detrimental to the workers move­ lowing the debacle of his Latin America line, is the "trouble-shooter" for the faction, the , Letter from U.S. Department to Congress­ ment.4 m an Edward Koch dated January 29, 1976-­ faction "fireman," who is dispatched to the CoNGRESSIONAL RECORD, March 1, 1976, p . SWP National Secretary Jack Barnes "hot spots." 1 4814. accused Mandel of "attempts to smuggle The Canadian section of the Fourth ~International Internal Discussion Bulle­ terrorism under the name 'urban guer­ International, the League for Socialist tin, Volume XI, No. 5, April 1974, p. 18. rilla war,' into the traditions of Lenin­ 3 Resolution on Latin America, Ninth 5 Action-LSA-has also split on the issue ism.* * *." of whether or not to support terrorism World Congress of the Fourth Interna­ Mary-Alice Waters, another member tional-Intercontinental Press, July 14, 1969, at this time. One faction called the Revo­ p. 720-721. of the SWP Political Committee, char­ lutionary Communist Tendency has left "International Internal Discussion Bulle­ acterized the debate in the International the LSA and joined a rival Canadian tin, volume X, No. 8, June, 1973, p. 11. as follows: Trotskyite group, the Revolutionary 5 International Internal Discussion Bulle­ The majority held that they too were for Marxist Group-RMG. The RMG is a tin, volume X, No. 9, July, 1973, p. 11. building parties but that revolutionary sympathizing group of the Fourth Inter­ 6 Internal Information Bulletin, January parties could only be constructed today in national. 1972, No. 1 in 1972, p. 4, 11. Latin America if the Trotskyists proved 7 Socialist Workers Party Discussion Bulle­ themselves the best guerrilla. fighters, arms Before the split, the Revolutionary tin, Volume 32, No. 1, December, 1973, p. 13. in hand. Such was the only path to either Communist Tendency argued: 8 Internal Information Bulletin, June 1972 the vanguard or the masses. As Marxists, we do not believe in individ­ No. 2 in 1973, p. 4, 5. ' The minority felt that such a strategy ual terror because it underrates the class 9 Ibid. p. 9.

HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES-Tuesday, August 31~ 1976

The House met at 12 o'clock noon. tain them, and s t rengthen them that cated to the House by Mr. Roddy, one The Chaplain, Rev. Edward G. Latch, they may live through these days with of his secretaries. D.D., offered the following prayer: wisdom, courage, and faith. The tear ot the Lord is the beginning of In the spirit of Him who is the strength wisdom and they who live by it grow in of our lives we pray. Amen. MESSAGE FROM THE SENATE understanding.-Psalms 111: 10 (N.E.B.) A message from the Senate by Mr. Eternal Father, we pause in Thy pres­ Sparrow, one of its clerks, announced ence once again to listen to Thy still, THE JOURNAL that the Senate had passed without small voice to receive strength for the The SPEAKER. The Chair has exam­ amendment a bill of the House of the day, wisdom for our decisions, and peace ined the Journal of the last day's pro­ following title: in our hearts. Thou art ever with us ceedings and announces to the House his H.R. 13372. An act to amend the Wild calling us to work with Thee in making approval thereof. and Scenic Rivers Act (82 Stat. 906; 16 justice and freedom and good will live Without objection, the Journal stands U.S.C. 1271), and for other purposes. in our world. May Thy spirit be so real approved. The message also announced that the to us that we shall develop in our land a moral strength and a spiritual power There was no objection. Senate had passed with amendments in to which people can turn for healing which the concurrence of the House is and help in time of need. request ed, bills of the House of the fol­ MESSAGE FROM THE PRESIDENT Bless Thou our Speaker and the Mem­ lowing titles: bers of Congress who represent our peo­ A message in writing from the Presi­ H.R. 10394. An act to amend title 38 of the ple on Capitol Hill. Support them, sus- dent of the United States was communi- United States Code to promote the care