CENOZOIC MURI lDAE OF THE \XIE TERN ATLANTIC REGION Parr 111 -CI IZ COR.F.US I PH Y LLONOTl'S1 ! ~M IL y IL YOTrns 'II !AXE I :11nrnsl]'J CONTENTS

Page I. ABSTRA CT 133 J L INTRODUCTION 133 !IL ACK OWLEDG1'1ENTS 136 IV. SYSTE1\IATIC: DESC IU PTIO NS 136 V. NOTES ON Tl IE WEST COAST PECl.ES OF Pl-JYLLONOTUS 160 VL LOCALJTY DATA 162 VJ!. L!TEHAT LIRE CITED l6L1 ILLUSTRATIONS TABLE l 134 PL11TE I 151 PLATE 2 153 PLATE 3 155 Pl.ATE 4 157 PLATE 5 159 PLATE 6 l6l

J. ABST!{ACI genus is and has alw ays been confined ro ThC::re arc: 18 species of the muricine sub­ rhe Ne"' \\;torld. gc: nu s Phillrmot11J recognized in rhe Ceno­ All 18 western Arl ami c Cenozoic species zoic of the western Arlanric region; three

ED ITOR IAL CO~l~ ll'I TEE FOR Tl/I S PAP ER: A. MYRA KEEN. Deparrm<:nr of Gc:o J,igy, rnnford University, Stanford, California NOR1'1AN E. \XIEJ SJJORD, Florida Scare University, Tallahassee, Fl orida D 1rn1D \Xl 1LSON, United rares Geological Su rvey, \Xfas hingron, D . C. C. ervthrostomus (2) C. rcgius (2) C. margaritensis cmconEus s.s. (:!) I I C. 1>0mum (2) c _ erylhrostomus (:?)

C. rip:i.rius (.I) '"\ /"""-" ClllCOnEUS (SillATUS) (4) C . infruqucns t4} f....: cf. tritonopsis (2) c. fol id0

~~I(:.!) C. trophoniformis C. davisi C. trltonopsis (2)

C. Stctopus (5) - ~~C. mississippiensis (5) - C. ciormuni (5)

Table r P hylogen~ of CHI COR EUS (P llY LLO ~ OTUS) and related forms. (Number of nuclear whorls in p:i..rcnthcses wher e known.) No. 3 Cenozoic i\lmicida11- lll 135 a rose colored aperture rather than an oranoe Miocene rime from rhe ancestral Phyl/011ot11r one. lt is nor felt roday that this diffcren~e rype for rhe lower Miocene species of Si­ is worthy of a separate name and the type rctlm all have the four whorl nucleus but of Ph ,yl/01101111 is J\l11rex i111perir1lis var. a rhe species living roday l1ave rhe t\\'O whorl Swainson=M. im perialis Swainson ( =1\lll­ type. Table I depicts these relationships as rex mr1rgari1e11sis Abbott, new name for J\!. envisioned by the writer. imperie1/is Swainson, 183 l, 11011 /\!. i111pe1i ­ The Chicore11S s.s. line probably comes cdis Fischer, 1807.) off this same early Phyllo110111s stock. The The characters w hi ch serve ro unite tht first species considered by the writer ro be species o f Phyl/0110111s are the irregular referable ro Chicore!IS s.s. are the !are lower placement of the varices with respect to Miocene C. lepidod11.r and C. d11jr1rdi11oides. each other; the appearance of an irregular The division at this point is somewhat ar­ nurnbtr of varices per whorl; and the varical bitrary for rhc:se early species could easily ornamentation being li mited ro no Illorc have remained with rhe ancestral group, but than short open spines, or often completely it is in these rwo species that the foliaceous lacking. In contrast the members of Chi­ varices and rhe pronOLrnced anal notch firsr core11s s.s. usually, although not always, have appear. These two characrerisrics are the three rather foliaceus, regularly aligned distinguishing Illarks of the Chicore/IJ s.s. varices and a marked anal notch. The type group. C. fo/idodes was also originally in­ species of the rwo groups are quire distinc­ cluded in rhis Chicore11s s.s. group in rbc tive but many species are intermediate in previous monograph (Vokes, l 965) but character and difficult to assign ro one or later work on the phylogeny has indicated rhe other. The early species here referred that this species should be placed in PhJ'l­ ro PhJ·llo110111s are in rhis ambiguous posi­ /0110111.1. The flaring parietal sh ield, such an tion as befits an emerging subgeneric dif­ obvious characrerisric in the Recent PhJ'l­ ferentiation and they are placed here be­ /rmolm. does not appear until the late Mio­ cause of the phylogenetic developlllenr of cene: with C. globns11s. Except for the lack the line rather than because of a strong re­ of this parietal lip rhe early species more semblance ro the type species of Phyl/011nt11.1. nearly resemble the Phyl/0110111s rype than The Ph yl/011ot11.r Jine evidently diverged they do the Chicorem s.s. type and so the from a Hexaplex ancesror in the Jarc Eo­ species which are ancestral to both Jines are cene. These two groups still share certain placed with PhJlln110/11S rather than with marked rrai rs such as a tendency ro have Chicnre11s s.s. Ir is an unforrunare rule of brown and white spiral color bands and nomenclarnre that the generic name of a pink apertures. Both also have a pernliar group is determined by priority rather than rype of proroconch in the early Terriary phylogeny for rhe more logical sequence species. In the subfalllily Muricinae there would be ro have the groups named Phyl­ are rwo d istinct rypes of nuclear whorls. /0110/11.r s.s. and Phyllonot11s (Chicore11s). One of these is found in the P1ery110/111 This would be a better expression of the g roup and has o nl y two so!llewhat bulbous true affiliation of the Jines. whorls. The other rype appears in the In rhe previous Chicorem monograph /-Jexr1plex group and in the early Phyl/0110/m (Vokes, 1965, p. 182) it was suggested that and consists of four or five smooth, conical rhe Chicore11s line originated from a Ptery- whorls. 110111s ancesror. Additional work on Phyl­ These rwo types of embryonic shells recur !n110111s indicates that Ph,,llonotm and Chi­ throughout rhe Muricinae. Ir would appear <'ore11s are closely related. to each other bur rhar the four or five whorl rype is more more distantly related to P1ery110111s. The primitive as it is seen primarily in :Eocene nature of the development of rhe early ro Miocene species, bur there are Recent whorls is completely di fferenr. In the Ptery- species which also show this rype of nucleus 110!11s group rhe first post-nuclear whorl has so that rhe true significance of rhe differ­ six small distinct varices which, on th e sec­ ence in embryonic shell is nor clear. The ond whorl, become three varices and three trend roward a decrease in the number of i nrervaricaJ nodes. In Chicore!IS and in whorls from four ro rwo occurs i ndepen­ Phy/!0110111s the first post-nuclear whorl has den rly in several Jines. Jr is assumed thar about a dozen equal axial nodes. In Chi­ the Chicorem (Sirc1111s) line diverged in early core11s on rhe second or third whorl certain Vol. 5 136 T11/,111e Sl!lrlie.r i11 Geology of chese are srrengrhened ro form rh rec (or IV. SYST Hl1\TI C DESCL\IPTIONS four ) var ices and rhe remainder become Phylum J\ fou.L;scA ill(ervarica l nodes. ln rhe Pbyl!o1101m group Class G,1STHO PODA rhe early posr-nuclear whorls arc identical Subclass PtWSO HRA NCH 11\ ro rhose of Cbicore/IS and nor ull(il rhe rhird Order N EOGASTROPOD1\ or fourrh post-nuclear whorl are cerrain of Suborder STENOG l.OSSA rhe nodes srrengrhened ro form var ices. Bur rhese va rices are irrcgubrly pl:1ced wich F.1111 ily 1'f L' IU CIllA I: rderencc ro the preceding whorl and there Subfamily i\ [1 11u c 1NAI' is no column formed up the spire by rhe Cenus Ci 11COHFL 'S Moll(forr. 1810 var ices such as that presen r in Chiwre11.1. Subgenus P1-tYl.LONOTl lS Swa in so n, 18 .~ .) The members of rht Ph1//0110/111 group (HtCOHEl'.S ( PHYl.1.0NOTl lS) are subtropical shallow warer dwellers and MISSISSI l'PI ENSIS (Conrad) are acrive predarors or scavenge rs. The Pia re I. figs. 6- 7 group is confined rn rhe New W'orld where rhere are seve n Recent species, th ree in the .11 ure.·· mississi}J/>irnsi., CON RAD, 18-17 [lR-18] , Acacl. Nat. Sci. Phila., P rnc., v. western A rl anric and four in rhc; easrern 3, p. 286; CON RAD, 1848, Acad. :fat. Sci. Pacific. Although rhe line has never been Phi la .. J OUl'. (Ser. 2) v. 1, pt. 2, p. 116, very great in number of species the number pl. 11, fig. :rn. of individuals ar a given locality can be .1! 11rc.·· ,,,;,,;s.,ippien.,is Conrad. CoNHAD, 1865, Amer. Jour. Conch., v . l, p. 16. impressive, as wirness TU 759 where over YI 1!1't.r 111 ississippie)lsis Conrad. DALL, 18!)0, 1500 specimens of C. po11111m were collected Wagner Free lnsl. Sci., Trans ., v . :l, pl. by rhe wrirer and friends. 1, p. 1:l!) (in part onl,·). Nol 11/urc.t' 111i.,siksippic11sis Conrad. DALL, As in the ocher portions of rhi s series on l!JO:l, Wagner Free Ins t . Sci ., Trans .. v. the J\[uricinae rhe aurhor has endeayored ro :l, pt. Ci, p. 156(i ( = C. tri/o)llJ)JSis) . in clude al l references to represematives .ll 11 IT.1' (Ch ico1·e11s) m is.Jot .IJ11re.•· )//ississippie11.

"Jt bcloni;s to the subp:cnus PHYLL0- guishcd from C. miss1.r.ripp!(:11si.r by the 10TA [sic] of Swainson." (Conrad, 1848). smoother aspeu of rhe ornamcll[arion of Dimensions of lcclotype: heip;ht :3;3 rnm, diam eter 21 111m . C. dnrmc111i and by rhe pn:sence of a single Lcetot,1 pe: ANSP J:l-182 ( lYl acNeil MS strong imervarical node in rnnrrast m the i11 Moore, l !lG2, p. 77) . rwo weaker ones of C. mi.r.ri.r.rippien.ri.r. T y pe loca lity : Vicksbu rg, ~fississippi . Conrad cired his rype specimen as meas­ Occ1uTc11ce: Rd Rlu.ff Clay, :\lississippi; uring "I 7-10 ... a figure presumed to rep re­ lower Ol igocene. Byram Marl and Mint S prings Marl, l\Iississippi; unnamed for­ se ll[ inches on rhe basis of other species mation, Nuevo Leon, Mexico; middle Oligo­ described in the samc paper. However. cene. none of rhe five specimens in the rype 101 Pigurcd specime11s: Fig. G, AN SP i:l4 2 is rhis large. The largest of the specimens (lee tot,· pc). Fig" 7, U~Sl\l G-15-127; height 20 mm, clia111eter 11 mm, locality TU 76. measures 31 mm. or I' 8 inches. and \\'as Other occurrences : TU locality nos. GG, 22G, selc:cred by M:1c eil as lccmrype because it 3B4, 335, 33!i. is rhe same size as Conrad's figured speci­ Di.1c11.r1io11: T he oldesr known Ph1!!01101111 men. The largest specimens of C. mi.rsi.r­ occur' in the lower Oligocene Red Flluff sippicllfir prcsenr in the rnllc:crions of the U. S. Narional Museum measure approxi­ Clay of Mississ ipp i. T his same species, C. mately 40 111m or 11 2 inches. lt is doubrful mi.r.ri.r.1ijJ/Jiemir. WJl[i nues through thc mid­ rhar the species arrains a larger size. Speci­ dle O li gocene l\ finr Springs and 13yram mens from rhe Byra111 Marl in general are marls. In the /\{i ll[ Springs there is another larger rhan rhose fro111 the older beds. rhu s form wh ich occu rs wirh rhe rypirnl (. 111i1- the lecrorype in all probability ca111e from 1i.r.1i/JjJieJl.(ir and is he re scparared under rhe rhe Byram. name of C. slelo/J/l.r (de Gregorio). In the C. mirrirsippienri.1 is com111on ar most you nger Byram Marl rhere is yer anorher localirics in rhe Vicksburg Group, including fo rm which has been named C. dor111a11i rhe Red Bluff, Minr Springs and Ilyram (Vokes). It is C] Uite possible thar all rliree horizons. Gardner ( 19/i'i. p 187, pl. 19. names refer ro rhe same biologic species: fig. 6) figured a good speci 111cn of rrue C. however. for strarigraphic purposes ir seems 111i.r.ri.rsi ppie11.ri.r from an unnamed middle mo re usefu I w d isri ngu ish rhcm. The rypi­ Oligoccnc sandsrone bed near rhe village of ca l C. 111i.1.ri.i.ri/J/1ie11.rir is found in all three China, Nuevo Leon, in nonheastern Mexico, format ions; C. .r1e1oji/1.r occurs in the Red cxrcnding rhc geographic range co nsider­ 131 uff and the Minr Sp rings, and C. d1Jrmr1111 ably. is co nfin ed ro the Byram. Anderson ( 1929, p. I '>7) cired a speci­ men from rhe lower Tuben\ Group (Bur­ The three forms have been "Jumped" ro- diµalian) of northern Colo111bia as "1\ l11r e:1: 1zerher hv all previous authors, includi ng 111irJi.rsippic:1Hir" wirh a reforence ro Dall's Conrad himself. One of the specimens in figure of";\!. /1/iss i.r.ri/!pie11sis" (Dall, 19 L5, pl. rhe rypc !or of C. mississippie11.rir is C. dor 5, fig. I 0). [xaminarion of Anderson's shell. 111t111i and is here figured (pl. I. fig. 9). in rhe collecrion of rhe California Academy Cooke ( 1922. p. 84) lisred "Mmc-x 111irri.1 of Sciences. shows rhnr ir is ro be referred ri/!pie11.ri.r" as occu rr ing ar eighr of his rcn w C.(/)/ham.r rc/'lljJe11.r Olsson. described loca li ties in the: 13 yrnm Marl. but many of ( [96 .. 1, p. 16'>. pl 37. fig. 8) from the rhc:sc: spc:cimens are auuall y C. dor111"11i. Esmeraldas Formarion of Ecuador Co 111 pa ri so n of rhe spec i111ens here figu red ( eirher l:ue Miocene or early Pl iocene ) . of C. 111i.rri.1Sippie11.ri.r and C. dnr111c111i might, Thi' species is closely re lnred ro Cr1111hamr a1 fi rsr g lance, suggesr rhar the lecro1ype of 11111!1a11g11!m (Philippi) from rhe Neogene C. 111ir.1i.r.ri/J/Jie11si.r more nearly rcse111blcs and Recenr fauna of 1hc Florida - Yucatan the spc:ci mens called C. dormt111i than C. :1rea and serves ro corroborate Olsson 's srate­ 111iJSi.r.ripj!ie11.rir. This is a funcrion of rhe n1cm ( I 964. p. 7) rhar rhe 111ollusks of rhe rclati ve magn i ficarion of the specimens. Esmcralclas Formation "show ill[imate rela­ The lecrntype is X I I 2 and rhe orhcrs arc tionship with Caribbean species, Miocene X 2. As :1 resu lt the ornamenrnrion of the and Recenr. indicating rhe free communica­ lccroty pe appears more subdued rhan is acw­ rions which then existed berween rhe Pacific all y the case. C. dnr/1/{{J!i may be distin- ,i nd t\rlall[ic oceanic realms." 138 T11/,111e S111dies i11 Genlngy Vol. 5

0 -llCORELIS ( P l IYL LO>JOTL'S) STFTOPL 'S 17 mm, clia111eLer 10 mm; locality TU ?G. (ck Gregorio ) F'igs. :3-,) . after de Gr egorio, 1890. Place J, figs. I -5 Di.rwssio11: fn 1890 the Marqu is Anmine de Gregorio publi shed an elaborate mono­ .l/ 11rc.1' mi(JH-' DE GREGORIO . JR90, Ann. Gcol. Paleonloloµ;ic, livr. 7, p. fl5, pl. 7. graph on the Eocc:nt of Alabama, fig-s. 30-33. Non 1ll1n·eJ· aati1·11/al1ts var. based on materi al shipped ro him, presum­ 111ig11s de Gregorio, 1880. ably, from the world famous collecting lo­ i\ll 11rex .•letop11s DE GREr.OIUO, l RflO, Ann. ca li rv at Cla iborne: Bl uff, on rhe Alabama Geo!. Paleo n tolog-ie, livr. 7. p. 9G, pl. 7, fig-. 3 .J. . R iv~r, Monroe County, Alabama. Palmer .l/111·1"" ti11r;arns 1m GREGOlllO, 1 00, Ann. ( 19.'1 7, p. 5) sa id of this work: "De Gre­ Gcol. Paleontologie. Jin. 7, p. !lri, pl. 7, gorio did a great service by bringing ro­ fig-. :JG . gcrhc:r the literature: and illusrrarions of the Mureri; mir;us de Gr egorio. CosSMANN, 1893, Ann. C:col. Paleo ntologie, livl'. 12, Eocene of r\labama. He fr equ ently co nfu sed p . 32 ( including- .lT. stetu1111 .• and .1/. ti11- the age: of the hori zons and in the writer's r;a nis in synonym)-) . c·srimarion ovcrn amed species. Many of the .l! w·e~· mig11s de Greg-ol'iO. PALMEH, 1937, 'ptci mens represcnttd are merely d i fferenr Bulls . Amer. Paleontolog-,-, v. 7, no. :]2, p. stages of growth in rhe same spec ies." Such ~68, pl. 3\ figs. :3, 7, 8. 11 (after de Gregorio, 1890), (i ncluding· M. slelo)JllS seems to be the case with the three species and -M. ti11.1Ju1·11.9 in synonym)•) . of tlf11rex named by de Gregorio in hi s Not JlTureY cf. 111i,1}11s de Gregorio. PAr.:1rrn, monograph. These three species, M. 111ig11.r . 1937, B ul ls . Amer. Paleontolog·y, v. 7, no. 1\I. 1ingarm. /\I . .rlelnjill.f. 32, pl. 35, fig-. 1 ( ?="illw·ey" /r1et'O l'm·i­ and were un ited cos11s Whitfield ) . in synonymy, under the name M. 111ig11r, by Not 1lT111·e.» cf. mig11s de Greg·orio. B ll ANN Cossmann ( 1893, p. 32) . On the basis of and KENT, l9GO, Bulls. A mer. Paleontol­ the origi nal illustrations this seems m be ogy, v . .J.O, no. JR4, p. '571 C1 = ".l/111·e.»" correct: however. the name 1\l11rex 111ig11.r lcwi-ai·aricos11s Whitfield). ;1/ 111·e .r m ir; 11s de Greg·orio. PALMIC!l and had been used previously by ck Gregorio BllANN, 1%G, Bulls. Amer. Paleontology, himself ( 1885. p. 244) and thus another v. 48, no. 21~ p. 783. name must be employed for 1 he species. tlfw ·1'.» stetop11.9 de Gregorio. PALME!l and The: second name proposed by de Gregorio BllA1'1', 19GG, Bulls. Amer. Palcontolog·y, v. 48, no. 218, p . 783, 78.J.. was /\f. r/c!OjJ111 and because, by great per­ Mure.» ti11r;r11·11s s gTande analog·ie ma nn ·s sy nonymy bur ad ded rhar ''s pec i­ avec le 11/. missiJJirllHis [sic] Conr. (Conracl Wicksbnr g- [ sic ] p. llfi, pl. 11, f. :JO) auquel mens of the form have nor bee n found at auparavant je l'avais referee. Mais en Claiborne," having prev iously remarked cludianl meiux la description cle Conrad ( 19'\7. p. 5) of cle G regori o: "There is rhe je l'ai consid eree corn me une spece voisine { possib ili ty that his co ll ections may have be­ car ii dit qu'cn chaqne int<'rslicc il v a une cote, tandis que clans nos cxem pla.ires come mixed and some of the species de­ ii » en a cleux ou trois." (M. stc/07111s de scribed fr om Claiborne may be ex traneo us. " Gregorio, 1890) . r\ lm osr cerrn inl y the species und er di scuss ion Dimensions of incomplete holotype: hc:re fa ll s in this category. No spec im ens heig·ht 14.3 mm, diameter 10 111111. like those figured by de Gregorio have bee n H olot:vpe : P RI 26-131. found by the writer at Claiborne Bluff Type loc-ality : Unknown. probabh· Mint ( - TU 78) bur several wh ich march the Springs Ba)'O U, Vicksburg-, M ississi1ipi ( = TU 76). holotype and the figures ve ry well have Occurrence : 1\finl Springs 1\farl, m iddle been coll ened at Mint Springs Bayo u in Oligocene. Vicksburg, Miss iss ippi (TU 76). Ir is pre­ F'ig 111w/ s11cci111P11s: Fig. 1, PRT 2G-13J sumed, therefore, rh ar de Gregorio's loca lit)' (holotype). Fig. 2, UNS::'II 645646; height darn was in error and C. s!('fO/lfls ac tuall y o. 3 Ce11m:01r Mtmcidae- lll I '>9 comes from the midd le Oligocene Minr CH ICOREl.iS (Pin LI 0'0'1 l S) DOR\fA 'I Spring Marl and nor from rhe Eocene for­ ( E. l-1. Vokes) mations of Claiborn e Bl uff. Plare I, figs. 8. CJ Beca use de G regori o's description is some­ .1!1 11·e..- ( Phyl/n11ot11s) d11rn1r111i E. II. VOhES, whar in co nclu sive a few ad di tional words of l9G3, Tulane Stud. Ceo!., v. 1, no. 4, p. J 5G, pl. 2, fig·s. 3a, :3b . descriprion are in ord er. On the holotype the ea rl y whorl s are eroded bur other speci­ n iclg11osis: "ShC'll of moderntc Rize. Nu­ cleus smooth, :3 1 ~ [five] whorls C'ncling at a mens and de G regorio's ill ustrarion of "t\111 - small varix or ri!Jlcl. l'osl-nudear whorls rex 111igll.f" ( re fi gu red here pl. I, fig. · I ) c·om·ex . about fi\'e in the adult; suture decp- impressed. Axial sculpture consist>• of ~how a proroconch coni sisti ng of five smooth. 1;· three high. rounded varices, which hear a con ica l whorls typical of rhe early Ph1!­ si ng·le open >'pine al lhe shoulder, common­ lrillot11.r group. The early posr-nuclear \vho.rls I\' lost in the adult. \ 'arices excavated he­ have three va ri ces with two inrervarical l;incl. irregular!;· placC'cl \\'ilh respect lo the f'orresponclin.e: varix on lh<' previous whorl. nodes between each pai r; these rwo inrer­ Between each 11air of' varit·c•s is one strong varica l nodes persisr up ro rhe adulr . rage. inlervarical node (sometimes t\\'O in the The spiral orn amenra ti on is coa rse and con­ ~ 1 ou1i,1rer stages) . Spiral 0 1·namcntalion ex­ ceed ing·! ;· variable. \\'ilh a lcndenc;• lo\\'ard sisrs of fou r st rong ribs on the early whorls one primary th 1·ea cl on the s houldC' r, anrl with small er second ary riblers inrerca lared three to ., ix sC'co ndaries and tertiary thrcad­ on abou r the fifrh wh orl. On rhe body whorl lcts bct\\·een the sutu re and lhi>; firRt pri­ rnan'. Usual!\· two or thrC'e Reco ndarv and p illar rhe re are approximarely ten pri­ thre;Hllels beh;·cen the first and the second m:tr ies altc rn ari ng with secondaries. The primary thread which is al the periphery; var ices have a sli ght open flange along 1 he: few secondari es and no tertiaries on the n'niaincler of the whorl, in g"enernl only edge and thtre is a small spine ar rhc primaries, about Li on the hod;· whorl, be­ shoulde r. coming" ohscurC' on the pillar. Aperture o\· al, labium smooth, clistind, sC'parale from C. .rteto />11.r occurs w irh rhe more com­ bopiensir and is verl' closclv abo'ut eight clenticles internally. Anterior relarrd ro ir. The rwo forms differ in C. canal rnoderalcl;· long', recu rved; antecedent canals forminµ: an anterior fasciole." r1cto/J1tr hav in g coarse r orn amentation. :1 (Vokes, J9(j:~ \. mo re in flated body wh orl. and a sma ll spine Di111 cnsions of holotypC': heig-ht 22 mm, at the shoul de r. It is poss;ble rhat C. r/ et0 />111 dia111eter 14.8 mm. !L olotypc: USNl\l (j.J .187:l. is onl y an ex treme va ri anr of C. J/li.r.rir.r;/, . 'l'ype locality: Vicksbu 1·g·, Mi ssissippi. />ie11.ri.r but the differences appear ro be OccWT('llCC: Byram Marl, Mi ssissippi ; consrnnr. middle Oligocene. Fig ured sJ!eci111rJ1: Fig" . 8, U SNM 6·14 37:J In Palmf'r's work on rhe Claiborne founn (holotqJe). Fig. !l, ANSP 1: i1s:~; height she fir>ured a speC"imen from l-l ickorv, Mis­ 2.J.7 mm, di ameter 15 mm; locality, \-icks­ lJt1rg. Mississippi. sissippi. ( 19'.\ 7, pl. '.\5, fi g. 1 ) which she: Other occ111Te11crs: TU locality nos. 3:3.J, rompared wirh t11. mig11 r. Tn the Tulane 3:35 . Geolo!!ical Collecrions rhere are se vtral D1 rc11J.riol). In the original descriprion of snccime ns which are rhe same as Palmer's this species the rypc: loca liry was given as figu red specimen from a locality near Hick­ Byram. i\!i ssiss ippi. Ir has since been ascer­ ory ( T U 85 . Rose H ill. M i>s. ) ;rnd rhey arc ta ined rhat this was in c:rror and the t)'pe nor ro be referred ro M. mi.r.; m. Thev sccrn specimen really came from Vicbburg, Mis­ ro be the species named M11rex lr1e1'r11 •t1rico.1111 sissippi. in the 13yram Mar l. There are nu­ \Xl hir fi eld from rhe middle Eocene Sh :1rk merOL;S specimens of C. do n11 r111i in the col­ Ri vc:: r For111 :1 rio n of New Jersey. The ho lo­ lecrio ns of rh e U. S. Narional Museum from rvpc of \X/h irf ield's species is evidently lost Vi cksburg. r Palmer and Brann, 1966, p. 782) bur his Prior w this rime: C. dan11t111i has nor illustration shows a shell which i almost been recognized by aurhors and rhe speci­ cerra inly rhe same as rhc Tulane specimens. lllC:ns are found in collections rogerher wirh This species is nor muricid but is 10 be re ­ rhe lllOre common C. 111iui.rrippie".ri.r wirh fe rred to rhar group of Eocene shells "'hich which it occurs. Jn rhe type lot of C. mi.r­ have been ca ll ed Sipho11alit1 by aurhors. rir.rippiel)sis rherc is a fin e specimen of C. L40 T11la11e S111dies in Geology Vol. 5 dor111m1i (here figured, pl. I, fig. 9). The ration of C. dt11 •isi is more subdued and the rwo species may be distinguished by rhe overall appearance of rhe shell is smoocher. smoother appearance of C. dormrmi and irs The dcnticles on rhe ourer lip are more one strong intervarical node in contrast m conspicuous in borh of the Florida species the rwo weaker ones of C. mis.ri.rsipj1ie11 .ri.r. than in C. d((1 •isi. in which they are com­ pletely lacking or only poorly developed. CHICOREUS (P HYLLONOTUS) DAVTST A few specimens of C. rf,11 ·isi show an open (Richards) flange at rhe edge of the varices, espec iall y Pia re 2, figs. 2a, 2b that ponion on rhe si phonal cana l. Th is ilfo re~· dcivisi RICHARDS, 1943, Jour. Palcon­ rhin flange is usually worn off, as all tolog-y, v. 17, no. 5, p. 524, pl. 85, figs. specim ens in rhe collection show abrasion 1, 2. clue co wave anion. In rhe entire lot there !Vhn·e~· dcrnisi Richanls. RICHARDS, 1962, is nor one perfecr specimen for figuring. Ir Amer. Phil. Soc., Trans., v. ·10, pt. 1, p. 21, fig. 67.i . is presumed that C. dc11 •i.ri Jived in extreme­ ly shallow water. Din,gnos-is: "Shell subfusiform; six con­ vex whorls ; three elevated varices on body C. c/,11·isi was originally assigned tO the whorl with a long:ituclinal rib between. Be­ "Trent Marl'" by Richards. But ar rhe rime tween the two varices nearest the aperture he sracecl: "The Trent marl of Norrh Caro­ there are five indistinct ribs. No spines. Aperture more than half the length of the lina was originally regarded as Eocene shell; canal deflected to the left. Su 1.·facc ( Miller 1912 ) : however, a restudy of rhe of the shell cove1·ed wilh alternating· t h ick formacion including an analysis of i rs in ­ and thin revolving lines. Seven aperture vercebrare fauna by Kellum ( 1926 ) demon­ teeth." (Richards, l!l43). Dimensions of holot,·pe: hcig·ht 4.') 111111, strated that ic was younger, probably of low­ diameter 29 111m. er Miocene age, although there was a possi ­ Holotype : ANSP l.583G. bilicy rhac it mighr be Oligocene.·· ( 194). Type locality: Gillette marl pits, Silver­ p. 518). Additions to che fau na, Richards dale, Onslow County, North Carolina ( = T U 70-J). sa id, cended m confi rm the lower Miocene OcC10-re11ce : "Trent Marl" (Silverdale age. The Trent Formation is , however, an Beds), North Carolina; lower Miocene. indurared limesmne, completely different Fignrecl specime11: U SNM (;45,125; height from rhe t1nconsolidared marls at Silverdale. 46 mm, diameter 27 mm; locality TU 5f;2. Other occurrences: TU locali ty 110. 704. Therefore, some question arises co ncern ing che assignment of rhe fauna ar Silverdale m Disc11.rsio11: In 1961 rhe Highway De­ the Trem. There seems little dou bt that the partment of Onslow Coumy, Nonh Caro­ Silverdale beds are of lower Miocene age lin a, opened a marl pit for the purpose of bur rhe wr iter would prefer nor to use the obta ining road mernl for a new road rhen term "Trent Formation' 'in conju nct ion wirh under consrrucrion. This pit ( TU 562) i5 rhe Silverdale material t1ntil the matter is perhaps one-eighth of a mile from rhe old resolved. "Gi llette marl pit" (TU 704) ar Silverdale, and on rhe opposite side of the highway. C ll ICORE l lS ( PHYLLONOTUS) The fauna is rhe same ar the rwo localities. Tl\OPHONI l'ORMl.S ( Heil pr in ) While rhe pie was being used by the county it was kept dry by pumping and for a rime Plate 2. figs. 7, S affo rd ed exce llent collecting of the Silver­ .l!w·c.,. tron/Jo11ifon11is HETLPRTN, 1887, da le fauna. Over 150 specimens of !Vfl!l'ex ·Wagner Free Inst. Sci ., Trans., v. l , p. dr11 •isi were collecccd at this locality, giving l 07, pl. l \ fip;. 40. 1lfore.1· trophonifonnis IIeilprin . DALL. ample opporrunit)' co study variation in this 1890, Wagner Free Inst. Sci., Trans., v . rather variable species. targe specimens of 3, pt. 1, p . 140 (in part) ; DALL, 1915, C. dal'isi resemble large specimens of C. U. S. Nall. Mus., Bull. 90, p . 74 ( in part) , 1ri1011opsis from che correlative Tampa not pl. 9, f ig. 7 ( = C . t;·itonopsis) . ll!ure» mississip71ie11sis Conrad. DALL, Lim estone of Florida, bur rhe early develop­ 1915, U . S. Natl. Mus., Bull. 90, pl. 5, ment is different. In chis respect rhe Silver­ fig. 10 only (1wl of Conrad). dale species is more akin m C. /rophoni­ A lectrio11 ga;·ducrae DALL, 1915, U. S. Natl. formis in that rhe formation of varices is :\Ius., Bull. 90, p. 70. irregular and these do nor appear until the M uro l ropho11ifonnis H eilprin. COOJ{E and MossoM, 1929, Florida Geol. Surv., third or fourrh whorl. The spiral ornamcn- Ann. Hept. 20, p. 88, 89; not pl. 8, f ig. 2 No. 3 Cenozoic /II11ricicfae - Ill

(after Dall, Hl l 5, pl. 9, fig. 7. = C. lri­ irs lack of va rices on the first three or four tonopsis) . whorls. C. 1ri10110/Js1s. with which it occurs. ,ll 1l?'e~r tropho11iformis Heilprin . M:Ai-:s- FrnLD, 1937, Florida Geo!. Surv., Bull. 15, has three varicc:s and rwo inrervaricil nodes ]l. 129. between each pair beginning aborn rhe sec .l/ 11 1· ex trophoniformis H eilprin. Coo 10;, ond post-nuclear whorl. C. 1ri10110/1sis is a 1946, F lo rida Geo l. Sur v., Bull. 29, p . much more common species than C. lrn 117. 130, 1:31; not f ig . 15-2 (after Cooke a nd Mossorn, 1929, pl. 8, J ig . 2, = C. t ri­ pho11i/ormis. In the U. S. National Museum to11opsis) . coll ection from rhe Tampa Limc:sron e there [Chicoreus ( I'hy/10110/11s)] /ropho11ifo1·111is arc numerous specirnens of C.1ritrmop.11·r bll[ (H eilprin ) . E. I-I. VOKES, 1964, Mala­ only four specimens of (. trophrmifnrmir. colog: ia. v . 2, no. 1, p. 10. Diagnosis : "Shell havi ng· the for m of There is another species \\'hich autl101» T1·op /11m: whorls about six, sub-angulated have cired as "1\l11rcx 1ro/1ho!1i/ormi.r \l(lein­ s upe ri orly, very convex ; va ri cc~ plated at kauff, 188Li. " If rhis were a valid rnxon il'l'egula r inte rvals, fou r on the bo cl y-whol'i, ir would preoccupy 1\lmex /rophrmifrmJ1i1 t he in ter variceal spaces with one, or t\\'o, or even Lhrcc secondary cosLae; ape1· turc Hei lprin_ Forrunacely. when one invesci­ about t wo-thir ds t he length of shell, gares the history of rhis name ir is clear co ntracted into a s hor t, sharply-deflected, rhar no problem is present. The 1884 dare and open cana l ; surface of shell covered refers rn a paper by Monrerosaro wherein wi th nu merous altern atin g, elevated linc:s." 1har aurhor lisred a species "1\lmicide<1 ( Heil p rin 1887) Dimens ion s of holoL )·pe : heig·ht (incom­ hlail!l illei va r. trO/Jho11ifnrmi.1" crediring rhc: plete) 1.2 inches, d iameter .8 inches. aurhoriry as Wei nkau ff. However. if one H ol otype : Wag·ne1· Free lnsL. Sci . no . looks up \X'feinkauffs usage he finds only 869. ''1\f11rex cri.r/<1/11.1 var." There is no rnenrion T ype local ity : B a llasL P oi nt, T am pa Ba)'. of rhe name 1ro/Jho11iformi.r and ic is a nude Hillsbo rou.e;h County. F lorida. Occ111'/'e11cc : T am pa Li rn estone, F lori da; name (Weinkauff, 1873, P- 5). Monrcrosaro, lower Miocene. in 1878, was the firsc to give rhe narne as fi'i gurecl specime11s: Fig . 8, USNM 165080 ; "1\l 11rex IOcil!ebra i hlai!!l'illei var. 1ro,bho11i heig ht 30 mm, di a meter 16.5 mm . F ig . 7, formi.r" bur as used here ir was also a nude USNM 214787 ( holot.v pe-Alcct1·io11 .c1a1·d- name:. Likewise, in 1882, 13 ucquoy, Daur­ 11e}'((r Da ll); height ( incom plete) Hi 111 111 , di a meter 12 mm. Loca lit)' of both, BallM;t zcnberg. and Dollfus, cirecl only "1\l11rex P oin t, T a mpa B ay, F lorida. hlr1il!l·il/ei Var. e~: fo rma lrojihonifrm11i.r Weink . I fide Monrerosaro) ." T heir usage Diswssio11 : In 19 15 ( pl. 9. fig. 7) D all is also a nude narne and rhe 1884 Monrero­ fi g ured a spec imen whic h he idenrified as saro work is rhe first m identify rhis variery ''M me.\· lrO/>ho 11 ifol'!11i.r H eilprin" bu r it as the shell figu red by Reeve as J\111rex actuall y is a ve ry large spec ime n nf H eil­ cris/(}/11.1 ( 1845 , pl. 26 , fig_ 112 ) _ Bur rl11S prin's orher Tampa spec ies "Mmex" tn- rime rhe genus 1\l11ricidet1 was che one. ro 10110/Jsis. Ar rhe same rime Dall (ibid .. pl. which the species was referred I for which 5, fig. I 0) figured as "1\l 11rcx 111issis.ri p­ we may be grareful ) and so rhe H eilpnn /J ie'l1Sis Conrad" (under which name he in ­ name is nor preoccupied unless one wishes clu ded Al. trilo'llojJsis H eilprin ) a specimen m place both fo rms unde r the broad genus of C. trnphoniformir. This co nfus ion has ,\lurex s.l. T he name "M11ricidca" is an er led ro a mi sconce prion of rhe rwo species on roneous synonym of M11rit0p.ri.1 Bucquoy, the pan of subseq ue nr authors. To furrher Daurzenberg, and Dollfus (sec Vokes, 1961. complicate rhe marrcr, in the same vo lume p. 18, for a discuss ion of rh is p roblem ) Dall also described a new species. / 1/ec1rio11 gcrrd11eme, whi ch he sa id was rece ived "roo late fo r fig uring." Mansfield ( 1937, p. 128) C H !CORE LIS ( PHYLLONOT US) pl aced thi s species in rhe S)' nonymy of 1\1 11 - T IUTONOPSIS ( H eilpri n ) rex 1ri1011opsis due ro rh e aforc-menr ioned Plare 2, figs. 1, 5 confusion, bur examination of rhe rype speci­ .ll ure.r trito11opsis I-lEJLPllf1', 1887, \Vao·ner men ( USNM 2 14737) shows rhar ir is rea ll y Free Inst. Sci., T rans., v. 1, p. 10( pl. a sy nonym of C. !rojihoniformis. As the 15, fig. 30 . specimen has never been figu red, an iJlus­ ,llurex mississippiensis Con rncl . DALL, 1800, Wag·ner F ree Inst. Sci .. Trans., v. rrar ion is g ive n here. :i . pt. ·1, p. 139 (in part, 11ot of Conrad); C. 1roj;ho11iformis is easil y recogn ized by DA LI., 191\ U. S. Natl. iVl us., Bul l. 90, T11/c111e S111dier m Geolng') Vol. 5

p. 73 (in part, 1101 of Conrad), not pl. :J, C H ICOREL'S ( Pl I YLLONOTLIS ) fig. 10 ( = C. t1·011honifon11i.s). cf. TIUTON OPSIS ( Heilprin ) .l!11rc.i- trop/uJ11ifor111is l-I eilprin. DALL . 1915, U. S. Natl. Mus., Bull. 90, pl. 9, Plare 2, fig. 6 fig·. 7 onl)· ( 110{ of IIeilprin ) . / 11calar 8cned behind imniersed at the tip, the sec­ each whorl, profound))' convex and en ti rel)· ond whorl 'broadly convex. Openi n g· of destitute of spines or la111ellar proce"'es ; conch ind icalcd by the abl'upt appearance two more or less nodulose <·ostae between of the conc hal sculptu r e. both axial and eac· h pair of varite:-; : aperture exceeding· s piral. Axials on the early whorls ver y one-hall' the length of s hell. the canal de­ narrow, s ha rp))· rounded, closely crowded flected. ve1y nal'I ow; surface of shell <·ov­ probably as many as lG on the posteriol' e red with clo,.;el)· placed, eleva ted rl'volving· portion of the co nch a nd 10 on the med ial lines, which regularly altel'nate in size.' ' po1-tion, equal and cqui-spacecl, s mooth!)· ( ll e ilprin, 1887) rounded, uniform in p r ominence between Dime n ,.; ions of holc>type : heig·hL l.:2 inc he,.; , Lhc sutu J" es, wider than the intercosta ls, dia111ctc1 · .7 inche,. e ,· en· f'ou r Lh J"ib on t he last " ·horl of the Holoty pe: \\"a g·ncr Fl'el' Inst. S<::i. no. s pire and the body slrengthening· into a 8fi8. s imple varix; axial s pe rs isting: we ll down T ype locality: Ballast Point. T a mpa Ba)·, on t he pillar, the J"ih directly behind t he Hillsbo rough Count)·, Plo l'ida. terminal varix, however, more o r J es~ ob­ ncc1UT<'lll"I': Tampa Limestone, Florida; solete. Spirnl sculpt ure s harply thread ing Ion-C l' l\Ti oce110. the conch from t he nuc le us to the anterior /i'i911red specin1c'11s: Pig. 1, U S:\i\T 21 -1JO; fasciole , ovL1 1Tiding- the axials a nd eq ual ly height ·1.5 mm, diameter 26 m111 . Fig. ~ . prominent on t he costal and intercostal U NM r; ..J;fi..J8 ; heig-ht 2:l.!) 111111, diameter aJ"eas; pl'iniaric,.; ..J on the whorls of' the Hi 111m. Locality of' both, Ballast P oint, spire, int'rcas ing slig·hll.v in elevation frorn Tampa Bay, Plorida. the posterior to the a nterior s uture, ap­ Jll'Oximately 12 on t he body and p illal', Di1 cmrio11: Dall ( 191 ~ - pl. 5. fig. IO) ,hal'pi)· rounded, a b rupt!,· elevated. regu­ figured a specimen as ··1\/ 11rex 111i.• ri.wp­ larly spaced ; a J'ila111 entary secondary in­ pie!!.ris" under whi ch name hr.: included rhe tercalated betwee n ea ch pail' of p rinia ries on the late!' whorls, and a s li.c;htly str ongel' species 1\l 11rex 1ri1 r; 1J O/lli1 Hei lprin bur his second a r)' between l he posterior prima ry shell is nor C. mir.1iHippie111i.r nor C. 1ri- and the s u t u r e line. Anterior th 1·eaclerl w ith 1onopsi.1. iris C. 1rophr;niformi.r ( Heilprin ). half a dozen c lose!)· spaced, linea r lirae. For C. /rr;phri!liformi.r he figured a very Apertur e sinuous, minutely g·ourd-s ha ped in oulline. obtusely ang·ulated at the pos­ large specim en of C. 1ri1n11np.ris ( ihid .. pl. terior commissure. Labrum a 1-cuate, vari­ 9, fig. 7) . This excha nge has resu lred in cat ed a litlle behind the marg-in, t he va rix su bsequr.:nr aurhors also co nfu si ng rhe rwo abutting ag·a inst the pt·eced in.g volution a n d species. posterio ri)· proclucecl upon i t ; labral mal'­ C. 1ri1nnr!pr1.r is much lik e rhe old er C. g-in thin, s harp. and finely c re natc in ha r ­ mony with lhe s pirnls ; inner s urface of mi.uirri/!piemi.r bur differs in having <1 pro­ va rix denticulate, the denticles nor mally roco nch wirh onl y rwo bulbous whorls as and c!onµ:atccl at r ight a nµ:lcs to the ma r gin. opposed ro rhe "prim irivc:" rypc of pror - except the denticle at the entrance to the conch seen in C. missi.11ip/1ie11sis wi rh five anterior canal, whic h is rudely paralle l t o the canal. Labi um excavated at t he base smoorh co ni ca l whorls. 1.i k<: rhe older spe­ of the body, heavil)· g-lazed from the eorn- cies C. 1ri1011 0/1,,ir is quire: common ar rhe 111i ssu 1· e to the entrance to the canal; a rype loca liry. Ir may be.: disringu ished from rnt hc r obscu!'e parie tal looth developed d i­ rhc.: less abundanr C. 1ro phrmifor111i1 by rhe rectlv in Jront of the cornmissure. Pillar wasli n1gose. Anteriol' canal imperfect in regu lar .1ppc:arn ncc: of the varices and the the figured s pec imen, s horL, flexuou s , benl he

4 between the primaries 011 the pillar. An­ holorype of anorher new species, Mmex terior fasciole decorticated but prohabi)· pyk11os. Jinelv lirate. Aperture wide. obliquely el­ C. C. li ptical. Outer lip broadly ';1-cuale, varicose jJ')'knos is similar w mi//11ille11sis a lilLlc behind the margm; the ma rg· 1n ( Ri chard s and Harbi so n ) fr om beds of crenulatecl by t he sp irals; on t he in ner lah­ cquiva lenr age in New Jersey. The p rincipal rnl s urface, a bout 8 lo\\·, short Jirac. I nner difference obse rva bl e in rhe rwo ry pe spec i­ wa ll o r a perture strongly conc>We , hea vii )· id azecl ; inner mar gin of p illar sharpi)· mens is rh e presence in C. 111ilfrille11sis of rou nded. A nterior canal ralhc1· short, abour 12 ree rh on rhe ourer li p wh ereas in obl ique, s in istrally di rected; 111arg·ins IHl l'­ C. f!.i.'211os rhere are bur cighc such ceer h. a ll el, rathe1· close together. Antenor las­ The 12 pa ired ree rh are rypical of mos r of ciole well-defined, not parallel lo the canal rhe Ph]ll011011rs group such as C. po111r1m. openi ng- hut c: h an~:ing: ils d irection w ilh eac:h resting stage; the resutlant fa:-;ciole. C. globoslfs. C. i11freq/((:11s and C. 1ropho11i­ asy111 111 clrically arcuate; space between the for111i.r. T he lesser number of unpaired den­ fasciolc and the canal openi ng fi lled by a ricles are fou nd in orhers of rhe grou p, in ­ thin famina unsculptured except for incre­ clud ing C. C. and mentals." (Gal'dncr, 1847) 111ississi/JjJie11sis. dr1l'isi C. riparil!S. T he number seems ro be more D imensions of holotype: height :12 mm, diameter 20. mm. or less co nsranr wi rhi n a species so ir is lTolol)·pc : U SJ\i\l 115771. probab le rhar rh is di ffcrence i ncli ca res cwo 'l')·pe locality : USGS 261S, Shell B lurr, va li d fo rms . Or her 111 in or differences in ­ Shoal R ive l' . Walton County, F lo r ida" cludes a sli ghrl y mo re scabrous sur face rex­ ( = 'l'U GD) . ru re in C. 111il/1 ·illrnJi.1 and rwo inrerva rica l Occ1u·1·cnce : Shoal Ri ver F ormation, Flor­ nodes rarher rhan one as see n in C. pyk11os. ida; middle :\liocene. C. fJJkllOJ is a rare species ar rhe cype />'ig11red -'Jlecimen: US:\'l\T J 15771 (holo­ l)·pe). loca li ry bur Gardner suggesred rhar oc her specimens from one-half m il e dow n Shoa l DiJrn.rsio11: Dall ( 1915, p. 7-l) cired Rive r from Shel l Bl uff mighr be ch e same ··1\f11rex 1ropho11ifor111is H ei lp rin .. as occu r­ :ind exam inac ion of rhe U.S.N.M. specime ns ri ng in rhe "Chipola Marl, ar rhe cou my indicaces rhis is co rrect. This Joca li ry has bri dge, fo rme r! )' Ba il ey's f erry, Ch ipola nor bee n locared by rhe Tulane Geology De­ Ri ver. Fl orida," but gave onl y rhe specimen pa rrn1e nc, nor have: any specim ens of C. numbe rs 155771 and 21/i4t10. The I. mer pyk11os bten co ll ern:cl ar Shel l Bluff (TU num be r id entifi es a spec im en whi ch is C. loca li ries 69, 69A, 69 13 ). 1ritrJ//OjJ.ris. The numbe r 11 5771 was ori g­ inall y labeled ·· /\i mex 1ropho11ifrm11is Heil p r. C HICO IU:'.US ( PH YLLONOT US) va r. " and the locali ry on the la bel is "Lower ~ 111 . L \l lLL ENSIS ( R ichards and Bedar hoal Ri v. Watson [sic] Co., Florida." Harbison ) Mansfie ld ( 1937. p. 1~9), in his sy nonymy Pl are 2, figs. 3a, 3b of 1\l 11rex 1rop/Jo17ifor111iJ. cited Dall, 1915, .lf 1tre.•· ))/ill cillensis R ICH AllDS a n d HARBl- p. 74, bur added "part, Shoal Ri ver form , 801' , 1942, A. cad. Nat. Sci. Phi la., P roc., U ..N. M. 115771, excluded_'· Presumably v. 94, p. 212, pl. 19, fig. 16. rhe refrrence by Dall ro rhe Ch ipola was for n iagnosis : "Shell subfosiform " ·ith three other specimens. Gardner ( 1947, p. 5201 eleva ted varices, a nd a n intermediate prom ­ inent irregular long·itucl inal ridge ; bet ween srartd rhar rhe 1\/ mex 1rophollifor111is of two o f the varices on t he bodv whor l is a Dall, 1890 (p. 1·10J, was, in pan, rhe Chi­ s maller ridp;e. Revolving· lines a rc pr omi­ pola spccies she named /\I11rex folidorlc1. nent, oc.:c:LnTin g- in µ: roups of th ree sepa ­ The specimen nu mbe r 155 77 1 she made rhe rated by sl ig·h t ly l hi ckc l' s pi l' a l ridges; lo ng itudinal wri n kles di stinct ; cana l Jong. Twelve teeth on t he a p er t ure. "Ganlne1· gave the type local it.y for th is " T his d i f'fe1-s from il l w ·ea· missis .~ippiensis species as "5 miles west o[ Mossyhead, (Conrad) b:--· having th ree spi ral lines in­ Walton County, Fl a ." I n her list of lo­ stead of one or t wo. A lso ,ll. missiHsipp·i­ cal it ies ( 1947, p. -! :3) she remarks in a foot­ eusis does not have the t.wclve a pe rtu re note fo r local itv no. :l7·12 that ".; mi les teeth. but instead has six pr omi nen t lines west of ~ T oss)·hea cl " is the type locality fo 1· on the labium; also the r idg-e is s t raighter the Shoal Ri ver Formation at Shell Blurr, along the body ,,·horl and docs not c urve a s acluall\' :l 12 miles :--.!o r lh 2~ W est. of in J/. mil/L'illel

Holot»pe: USNM 498975. nwdial portion or tlw 'hell. and \dih hrn Tnie lotaliL.v: '.\1ill\'i llc, Cumberland additional tertiat)' threadlNs on Lhc adult Count\· Ne\\' J e rsev. \\·hol'is only; 1:l primar~- threads on the Ucc;1;·1 ·encc: Ki1:bl'Ood F orma lion X ew body ll'horl and pillal'. \\"hc1·p the primary Jersey; lower middle Miocene. ' s p!1·al threads cross the \'al'ices. small open Vigurecl speci111e11: USNM 498975 (holo­ sp1 nclets a rc produc·ed on the apertural type). side of the varix; Lhc•sc spinc•lels an• lrC'Lkr developed on Lhe anlC'rior portion of' the Diswssio11: 1\l 11rex milli·i/!e11.1 i.r was de­ varix, and cspcciall~· 011 llw extcntkd ,,i­ scribed from a co ll ection of fossils obrained phunal tana] when~ L\\·o fairlr long· :-'pinl1 ~ from a well near Millville. New Jc:rsc:y. The octu1" ..\penure sulJl'ircular. laliiurn snwoth, rype is from a dcprh of 505 fc:et, with addi­ sonwwhat appresscd, \\'ilh postnio1· anal nokh. Outer lip (']'enulated \\'ilh eig·ht to rional specim ens from 460 fec:r, in beds rhc: Len dcnticles. Siphonal eanal shorL, broad. aurhors ascr ibed ro rhe Kirkwood Forma­ rt'curved al anterior encl." ( \'okcs, l!Hi:)) rion, of lower middle Miocene age. The spe­ Dimensions of holoLypl': !wight ~:!.:; nun. cies is relarively common, rhc:rc: bting eighr diameter 12 mm. pararypes from rh e same well. ll olotype : USN' l\J fi4.(:J75 . T,·pe lotalit~·: 1T fiO, .Jac·kson Bluff, Alrhough Richards and Ha.rbison com­ OchJotkonee Hi vc1, Lt>on CounL,-, Florida. pared rhcir specits wirh M11rex mirsi.r.rip­ Occ11r re11ce: Choda\\'hatelwe Formation pie11sis from rhe Oligocene rh cre is Jeally Florida; upper lllioeene. ' f.'igurcd swci111e11 : lJSNllI Ii-I l:l7.'i (holu­ only a subgtneri c rese mblance between rhe lype). two, and C. mill1 •ille11sis more nea rl y Jescm­ blc:s C. /J)k110.r from corrclarivt beds in 011rnuio11: This rare species, knm' 11 onl) norrhern florida. These rwo are compared from rhe rype locality. seems ro represc:m an in rhe discuss ion of the lantr spc:cie . C. C:\'olutionary "dead-end." Lt has no kno\\'n mi!fril/e11.ris also is much like C. tritrmn/JJi.r dcsccndams and, :1lrhough ic ocrnrs \\'ith a from the Tampa Limesrone rhc primary dif­ species of rhe C. /1011111111 complex. it is not ference being in rhe grearcr number of den­ dosc:J )' rtlated m rha r Ii ne. The trend ro a ticles on rhe outer Ii p and rhe la ck of den­ lc:sser number of cmbryon ic '' horl., men­ t ides on rhe inner lip of C. mi/11 ill1'11si1. tioned in rhe inrroducrion is abo apparenr There is a group of ea rly and middle i\[io­ in rhis line. C. i11freq11e11s. rhe prc:sumed an­ cene species of Ph;llo1101m including C. ln- cestor of C. l'l/Jcll'i11.1 rerains rhc: :1t1Cesrral 1011 0/J .ris. C. 1ropho11 ifor111is. C. d111·iri. C. l)•pc· of nucleus wirh four. smooth, conical pyk110.r, and C. milfri!!emis, rhar are very whorls. The: nuclt:us of C. ripc1ri/ll is more much alike; rhe differences between rhcm lik e: rhar of ch c C. /1011111111 complex in over­ arc a ma[(er of degree rarher rhan :iny defi­ all shape: bur is uniq ue in ha\'1ng disrinu nire characrers. ornamenration of rhe lasr embryonic \\'horl The nuclear whorls of rhe Muricinae in gen­ C HICOllEUS ( PJ-IYLLONOTL1S) eral are all norably smoorh unril rerminared nrr>AIUU ( E. H. Vokes ) by a small ,·arix ma rking rhc.: iniriarion of Pl ace 'I, figs. 4a, 11b orn amenr:uion, borh axial and spir,iJ. .llw·ex (Ph11llo110/llS) ripnrills E. II. Y OKES, l96i3, Tulane Stud. Geo!., v. l, no. 4, p. Cl 11 c.0RH s ( PIJ\'1.1.0NOTl ~) 157, pl. 1, figs. 5a, 5b. l.FONENSIS E. H. Vokts, n. sp. Diagnosis : "Shell rnocl erale in s ize. spil'e Place 6. figs. I. -~ elevated. Three nudear whorl s, of' which .l/11n.1· 1w1111t1H Gmelin. lHA N:-:F 1ELJJ, U):-30 , the fi 1· sL two are smooth a nd 11otitcai>ly l•'lo ricla Geo!. Su rv., Bull. :l, p. 8:l, pl. 11, flaltencd, the last Jaintly ornarne11Led and fig"!) (1101 o f' C:n1eli11). tonvcxly l'Oundcd; nucleus ending· al slrong .l/11re .. · 1uu1111111 Gmcli n. STUHB S, l!l~O .. lour. rib-like varix. Six post-nuclear whorls rn Paleontology, v. 11. ntJ . .i . p ... I~ (in part, Lhe adult, convex, \\'ith impressed suture. 1101 of Gmelin). OrnamenLation of the earl\' whorls tons1sts of 11 equal axial nodes ct:ossed by foul' to f)iay>rnsi.-:: Nw.. ·lcar whorl:-; unknown; five spirnl threads. On the fourth to fifth se\•cn post-nutlcar \\'hurls in the adult. post-nuclear \\'hOl'ls three of the axial nodes Earliest post-nutleal' ll'horls ornanwntecl inercase gTadually in size, bc('oming' vari­ b\· about 12 equal axial nodes; on Lhe fourth ces on the f'i f'Lh \\'horl, with the olhers form­ lt; firth \\·horl every fourth node• enlarged ing weak inle rvarical nodes, one or two to form a s 111a ll val'ix. three Lo a eomplete between eath pail' of variccs. Spiral orna­ turn . g-raduall ~ , in creasing· in size with me ntation cons ists of five prima ry threads eath successive varix. Oihcl' axial node=-­ with one intercalated setonclary on Lhe n.•mainin g: to forlll thrPP ~ rna]J (1qual int<.•r - 148 T11/,111e ''"lies !II Geolog) Vol. 5 varical riclg·es between each pair 01' varitcs. Pliocene Caloosaharchee Forrnarion. C. po- \'a rices 1elatively "mooth on the aperturnl 11111111 is presumed m be a descendant of the side and slig:htly recurved backwards; n<1 mher upper i\ 1i ocene spc:cies. C. globos11.1 spinosc protcsses developed except on lhc (Emmons), and C. leo/1(11/Sis is probably a siphonal canal. Yarice" bu tre"ed on Uw hack side by raised ridges formed h)' Uw disrincr evolurionary sid e line rhar led no­ prinrnry spiral ribs. Spirnl ornamentatio11 where. Ir is a rare form, the above descri p­ on earliest whol'is consistin g· of three strong rion being a composite: of rhe three known r ib:; wilh three seconda1T threads inter­ sp<.:cimens. One of rhese is rhe holotype, calated on aboul the fourlh whorl; on the which ume from a local iry no longer ac­ fifth \\·horl le1·liar)· threadlcts also appear­ ing« Un lhc liocl;· whorl primary and set­ cessible on Harvey's Crec:k. a fc:w mi les ondar; 1·ibs are diffitull lo distinguish from rhe bc:rrer known locdiry ar Jackson with ten to 12 strong- rihs and numerous Bluff on the: Ochlockonc:c: Rivc:r, Leon smaller threadlcts between each pair of Coumy, Florida (TU 60J. The Tulane Geo­ the strong-er rilis. Spil'al ornamentation erosscd by m;Tiad fine axial gTowlh lines logical Colle::cr ion comains one juvenile µ;ivi ng· a shagTecned surface texture. specimen ( rhe paratype) and rhc terminal Siphonal canal broad, recurved, and b(•ar• varix of a rhird specimen which would have ing- two rows of small open spines on lhc bcc:n larger rhan the holoryp<:. anterior prolong:ation of the varices. Outer lip extended in advance of the va rix and 111ai·kcd intcrnallv bv ten to 12 dcnli('ula­ ( H JCO l(ELJS (Pl IYl.LONO'i'US) tions corresponding · to lhc strong· spiral GI.OBOS L'S (Emmons) ribs of the outer surface. Inner lip bearing about five dcnticulations on lhe anterior Plate -1, figs 1-1: portion, conesponding lo the underlying Plate: S, figs. 1-) spiral ribs. l'arictal lip imperfectly pre­ served but almost certainly large and flar­ .l! 111·c.c ,qlobosa EM ~10N~, I 8fi8, Rept. Nor th ing: in lhc adult. Carolina (;eol. Sun-., p. 217, fiµ:. 105 A. Dinll'nsions of holot;·pe: height 7!1 nrn1. ,l/11rc.,. y/obos11s Emmons. CONRAD, 18G:3, diameter (incomplete ) -JO mm. Atad. ~al. Sci. Phila., Proc.. for 1862. [v. 14], p. ll olot;·pe: US>Jl\T 370L8!J. :;uo. 1\ot .1!11re.,. y/obus11s KOCH and \VF:!ClD•IANN, T;·pe locality: Harvey's Cl'eek, one half 1872, Arch. \'cl'. Nalurg-esch. Mecklen­ mile above abandoned mill, Ll•on County, hul'g, p. l'.Z, pl. 1. Jig·. :l (=M11re.,. pauci­ Florida. s11i11at11s Roth v. Telcg-d, fir!<- Tcmbrock, Occ11 n·e11ce: Choe ta whalchee Forn1a ti on, I 96:3, p. :30!l) . upper Miocene. .l/11n'.•' (l'hullu11ol11s) po11111111 Grnclin. DALL, F i.1J111·ed ·'7Jeci11u•11s : Fig-. 1, U SNl\1 :!70 l8!l IS!lO, Wag·ne1· Free JnsL. Sci., T rnns., v. (holot.1•pe). Vig. 2, USNM !i.J542G (parn­ :l. pl. 1, p. 1-12 ( in part, 1101 of C:mcl in). trpe); height I n . ~ 111111, diameter ll mm; .l/ 111«'." po1111u11 Gmelin. DALL, l!JO:l, Wag­ locali y TU CiO. ner Free Inst. Sci ., Trnns., v. 3, pt. (i, p. l()QO (not of Gmelin). Oisrns.1io11: The specimen Mansfield fig­ ,l/ 111·c." ( f 'hu//u,uJl11s) pomwn Gmelin. ured as "J\111rex po1111111i'' from rhe Choeta­ \VoODRING, Hl28, Carnegie Inst. 'Washing­ wharchl:e Formation of norrhern Florida is ton, P ub!. :l, .'i. p. 2!10 (in part, 1101 of nm thar species bur is a new form. Al­ Gmclin) . .l/ 111·<·,.· ,q/obo8a E:111mons. l\l ANSFtELU, Hl:~O , though closely relarenwn Gmelin. small <:qua! inrervarical nodes insreao11111111 anllWI Gmelin. OLS­ SON and 1-lARB ISON, l!J.):;, Acad. Nat. Sci. less excepr on the siphonal ca nal. In C. Phila., l\Ion . 8, p. 234, pl. :34, fig. 1 (11ot leo 11 e/lll.I rhe 1·:1ricts are almosr smomh on of (;melin, except fol' s ynon~·111; • ll'h ich is rhe aperrural face and recurved backll'ard fol' .11. po11111 m in parl) . in ,t m:rnner nor seen in C. /"J/1111111. .\l111·e ... (Phullo1wt1ts} po1111u11 Gmelin. Du­ BAH, 1958, Florida C:eol. Surv., Bull. 40, C. / >0111 11111 is nor known from rhe upper p. 197 (in parl, 11111 of Gmelin). l\! iou:1H.: in Florida. Ir first .tppears in the [Chi«ore1w (f'hy//onot11s)l r1lobnil1t., (Em- 0. 3 Ceuo;;oic 1\f1mcid.ie - III 149

mons). E. H. \'OJ.~ES, HHiJ, :\falaeologia, be111g char C. gloh11.r11r has rim:<: to four v. 2. no. l, p. 10. \aricc:s and C. erJlhror/11111111 has four ro f1\'C: f'ltyl/0110/11s {Jlol> os11s (Emmons). 0Ls:;o:-; and PF.TIT, l !W-1, Bulls. Amer. Paleontol­ ,·arices. C. rep,i11.r goc:s one src:p fonhu· and oµ:y, v . 47, no. 217, p ..)49, pl. 8~, fiµ;. :2. has six w seven variccs bur otherwise i;; Dia{J1u1sis: "Shell rather globosc, or 011- srilf vc:ry much lik<: the mh<.:r two species. tuscly fusiform, and with four prinC'ipal One small gtnerit "quirk" which appears varic.:es; intermediate ones irrcµ:ular and in all rhree:: specic:s is a rwisr in rhe upper :-;p irally, lnlvcrs0d h~· n1any anµ:ular ridg(·:-;. spine on rhc siphonal canal, sugg.:sring rhar body whirl inflated, aperture oval, pcr­ 1he \'\' esr C:o;1sr species are t\'l:ll more: clos<:· i:-;tornc continuous, and extending po:-;lc­ riorly on the bod\· whirl !'ormi1w an ano·u­ Ir rc:fared w rhc: anc<:s1r:d form than .ll'C: the lateci canal; outer lip 'ridged ~ithin ,~nd \\'tsrern Arlamic speci<:s such as ( .. p1J1111111t trenulated on the margin; columclla lip and C. 111<1r.~,ll'itc11.1i.1. ridg·ed, and one ridg·e at the• postl•rior C. g/oho.r111 occurs in th<: Plion:nc: C:alosa­ angle; beak reflexed. i\lioccnc of the Cape F'ear River." ( l,;mmons, 185 ) harthee formation mgerhc.:r wirh rhc: dc:s­ Dimensions of holot:·;pe: A pproximatcl." tc:ndanr form. C. />011;11111. Thcs<: rwo spe­ !) inches (Emmons, 1858, p. 218). cies have been combined br ,J[J workers, bm !T olotype: Not found. they may be readily disnnguishc:d. C. g/ri Type local it)•: Cape Fear Hi vc r (prob­ h11rn1 is a more.: c.:fong.ited, lighrcr shdl. The abl y '.'Jeills l ~dd)· Landing), Colun1bus two specimens htre figured ( pfs. and Count)·, North Carolina. ·1 5, figs. I and •I) are shells of approxim;ltel)' Occ111'J'<'llce: Pi nee rest Bed s, Florida; up­ per :\[iocene. \VaC'ca1na\\· Formation, )forth 1hc: same: dimensions but th<: sp<:cimen of and South Carolina; Caloosahalelwe For­ C. g/ohn.r11s wc:ighs 18 grams and rhar of mati on, Florida ; Pliocene. C. po11111111 ''-c:ighs ·I I grams. Bmh speci­ l·,ilJ11,.ed ~wci111c1i.s: Fig. J. C S:'\:'11 Ii J:i J 1!J; mens. ir should be: nmcd. are from rhc: same height 77 ..) mm. diameter 41 n1111; locality TU 720. F ig" 2, U SK i\l !5-lii-1211; hcig·ht ~I locality. ln addition rhc: f\\O sp<:cies mar mm , diameter 12 mm; Jocalit,· TU 5l!J. be differcnriarc:d b)' rhe more infl.ned whorls Fig. 3, USNi\J G·l~-121; height 1:1;; mm, ;rnd longer spines of C. g/oh11111.1, 1he f:1rger diameter (exduding spine,) RI 111m; lo­ si1-e ;maincd by rhar spc:cics. and 1he de,·cl­ rnlil\' TU ;;:z:J. Other ocl·urrcnl·t•s: TU lo­ c:alit~· no~. Ht, 7H, 202, 20:3, 2~:~, :J~O, ;)~l, opmc:m of 1he \'arices ar a brc:r swgc: in 5:27, .)2Hb. 5:l 1, :;;32, .):3.), :):!(i, :;:)!Jh, 5 11, (.. gloho 1111 (fourth posr-nucl<::.1r whorl) rhan G.) , 728, 72!J, 730, 7:rn, 7:3fl, 7 11, 70~. 751i, in C. /w11111111 (rhird posr-nude;1r whorl). 7(i7, 7()8, 7G!J, 770, 7!J7, 80:2, 810, 870. 1.n rhc.: colleuions of rhc i\fuscum of DiJw.uio11: fn rhe upper i\!iocene beds l'aleonwlog)', University of California, Bcr­ of southern Fforida rhere appears a spc:cics kc:ley. rherc: arc: scvc:raf broken specimens of Phy//ono/111 which is unfikc .1nyrhing from 1he lmp<::ri.d Formarion of somhcrn rhar preceded ir. This .;pecie.s is brge, el:ib­ California rhat stc.:m lO be refcrabfe w C. orately frondose, and has a strongly flaring g/1Jbo.r11r. Unforrunarely afl arc roo incurn­ parieraf lip. i\lrhough na111ed m·cr one hun­ pf<:re for absolute: identification. The Carib­ dred years ago by .E111mons it was nor n::rng­ bun ,,ffiniri<::s of 1he Imperial Formarion nized by modern workers until 19(i-1 whc:n ha,·c.: b<:en nored by several aurhors. Durham Olsson and Pcrit ( l96"1, p. 5 19 J and rhc.: ( fl))(), p. _)().))) summariLed pr<::\ ious work wrirer (Vokes. 196-1, p. I 0) poi1rn:d out on rhc: Imperial Formarion and came.: ro rhe rhar the form was differem from C. /w11111111. rnnclusion rhar the beds art lo\\'c:r Pliocene wirh which specic:s it had been consi stcrnl y in age.:. He: added: "The rel:itionship be­ co nfused. C. g/obo.r11s is known only from t\\'Cen rhe Fl orid a Pliocc:nc and 1he Imperial sout hern Fl orida in rhc uppc:r i\fioccnc but Formation appears to be: one of similar by Pliocene ri111e had sprc:ad as f:tr nonh facie1 and possibly of common anccsrry for as Norrh Carofina. During rhis s.t111e pc:riod terrain species ... ( 1950. p . .) I). of expansion rhe species seems also m han: C111COllHS (PllYl.l.0~01L'S) moved sourh\\'ard and wesr\\'ard rhrough thL PO~!l'~I ( Gmelin) lsrhmian passage w gi\'c rise m rhc.: Rc:cem Plarc:: 1. figs. ''·5; spc:cies of Pb1//0110111s found on rhe \'< 'esr Pfar<:: 5, fi!:'s. + 5 Coasr of tropicaf America. The Rc:cenr C. .lf11rc.•· pom1u11 G~ 1 EJ.JX, 17!)1, Systerna Kat­ 1Ph1//0110111si N.Jlhros/011111.r (S\\'ainson ) is urae, ed. 1:3. v. 1, pt. (i, p. !1~27 . af111osr idenricaf wirh i\[iocene spc:Li1rn:ns of .l/11ru· as11errin111s LA~IARC'K, 1 22, Anim. C. globus111, th<: only discernible diffc:rc:ntL· s. \·rrtel.ircs, v. 7. p. l 6-1. 150 Tf1l,111c 1111/ier i11 Geology Vol. 5

.11 w·e .. · 111c.cicrn111s PETJT. 185~. J ourn. de .llilrc.<' ( Phy//011ol 1is) 1101111011 Gmelin . Conch:-·!.. v . :3, p. 51, pl. 2, fig. !l. CLE'\CH anrl P(:llEZ FAllF'ANTE, 1945, Jfllrc.<' 1w111i.f11n11i8 '·C.Iartini" l\liillCll, 1852, Johnsonia, v. 1, no. 17, p. 2H, pl. 14, fig·s. C'al. Conch. Yolcli. p. !Hi. 1-4 (not including- references to ,l/. im­ ill11re.1· ( l'h11!1111wl11«) JJ011111111 Cmelin. DALI,, })('ria/is SwainRon, .1/ . oc11/ut11s Hecve, nor 1890, \Vag:ner F1·ee Jn ::;t. Sti. , Tl'ans., v. .1 /. r;lohos11s 1 ~11111101\R). :i, pt. 1, p. l -12 ( = C. g/o/Jos11s ( l ~tn111ons) .l/ 111·e .. · ( Ph!J/10110/ 11.~) pu11111111 Gm el in. in part). (;111lDKEI!, HJ48, U. S. Gcol. Su r v. Prof. .1! 11re .r /)0111'11/l <:111elin. BIWWN and PILS­ Paper 19!l-B. p. 21!) (in pa r t), not pl. BRY. J!Jl :l, Acad. )lat. Sci. Phila .. Proc., 2!l, fig's. 22, 2.1 ( c. ulohos11s). v. !iii, p. ID:i. .lf 111·e ..- ( l'h11llo11ol11s) 1io11111111 (;111cl in. 01.s­ :--;ot .1!11rr .. · 1w111111n G111cli11. 1'1L:;1rnY and sn;.; and HA1m 1so;o.; , l !);):l. r\ tad. Nal. Sci. l31wwN, lf!l 7. Acad. Nal. Sci. Phi la., Phila., Mon. 8, p. 2:! I (in part). nol pl. Proc., v. li!l, p. 34 ( = C. d11ju rdi1111ides :l I, fig-. l ( =c ('. r;/obus11s) . Vokes) . :\'ol .l/11re.• · 11011111111 C111elin. RowETT, 1H57, .1! 11re.< (!'hyl/01111t11s) 111111111111 Cn1clin. (;uif Coast Assoc. (;eol. Soc., Trans., v . Cl!Al'HY, 192:!, Bull>'. A111er. Pal<•ontolog-y, 7, p. 15-i ( = ! fi. .. ·a JJlc.•· f11il'c.,1·e11s) . v. !l, no. :)8, p. 96 . .l/ 11rc ..- (Phyl/011ot11s) p1111111111 G111elin . DL'­ .1/11rl'.<' ( l 'hyl/01111t11s) /10111/1111 c:nwlin. BAll. l!J!'i8, Florida Ceo!. Surv., Bull. 40, W oonH l ;>;G, In28, Carneg·ie Jn t. \\'ashing·­ p . J!)(j ( = C'. g/11bos11., in part). lon, Publ. :l83, p. 290. pl. 17, fig·. !l . .l/ w·1 ._ ,. (Ph11//1111ot1rn) 1w11111111 G111elin. Not .ll tcrl'.l' 1101111w1 G111elin. M11s::;F 1ELD, \\';;1sBORll, l !Hi:Z , Hul ls. Arner. Paleontol­ rn:io, F'lorida c:eol. Surv., Hull. :l, p. X:l, ogy, v . 42, no. I !l:), p. 280, pl. 2!i, fig·s. 1, 2. pl. 11, fig. 9 ( = C. /eo11c11&is Vokes, n. sp.J ,J/ 11n· .. · 1,011111111 Crnclin. l{ 1c1111 1ms, 19()2, fl/// rl'.r /Jo1111t1// G111elin. H1c11111ws, J!J;l~>. A111n. Phil. Sot., Trans., v. 52, pt. ;i , J our. Paleontology, , .. !), p . 257; H 1c 11 - p. 80. ARDS, t!):l8, Geo!. Soc. Arner .. Bull.. v. -l!J, [Chir·ore11s ( l'h yl/01111/11s) l 1u111111111 (Gme- Jl· 12!l:l. lin). E . H. \'01o:s, l !Hi·I, .llalacolog·ia, v. ,l/ ure .. · 1w11111111 G111elin . STUBBS, J !J 10, J our. 2, no. 1, p. 10. Paleontolog:,., '" 14, p. 312 ( C. lrn11- /Jiar;1111sis: "Cl!. lcsla o va ta nodosa; ,·ari­ e11si« \'okeR. 1i. sp., in part). !'ihus lribus ad scptc111, cauda latiore.

PL1\Tli I Figures Page 1-5 . Chicorl!m r Ph)l/01101111 I r1e11ipm (de: Crc:go ri o) 138 I. ( X)) PRJ 26'-J_) I ( holocype); hc:igh[ I 1.5 mm, diamc:[er IO mm. Loca li[y: Unknown. (;) Mine prings Marl , middle Oligocc:ne . .2. (X :2) USNtvf 645646: height 17 mm, diame[er lO mm. Local ity: TU 76. i\finr Springs Marl. middle Oligocc: ne. 3. ( X 2) .. M11rex ))/igm .. de Gregorio. From de Gregorio, 1890. pl. 7, fig. '\Oa . .'\Ob. •I. ( X "i) "1\l11rex migm .. de: Cregorio. From de Gregorio. 1890, pl. 7 . fig.)). 5. ( X 2) "1\l11rc.\· 1ing11r11J .. de Cregorio. From de Gregorio, 1890, pl.-, fig. )(1. 6-7. Chicore11J I Ph1/lonot11.r ) mi.1.riuij1j!il'!ni1 (Conrad) 136 6. ( X 11 2) ANSP l _) ,182 ( lc:norypc:): heighc 33 m111. dia1rn.:re r 21 mm. Locality: Vicksburg, i\ fiss1ss ippi. B)'ram Marl, midd le Oligocene:. 7. ( X :2) USNM 6'15'127; height 20 111m. diame[er J I mm. Loca l icy: TU 76. Mim prings Marl, middle Oligocene. 8-9. Chicore11J rPh.illrmolm/ dor))l,nJi ( E. H. Vokes) (X 2) 139 8. USNi\f 61i437) ( holmypc:); heighr :'2 mm. diamecer 1-L8 mm. Local icy. Vicksburg. i\ lississippi. Byram i\!arl. middle Oligocc:nc. 9. 1\ SP 13'18); heighc .2 1. 7 , diamt[l'f 15 mm. Louliry: Vicksburg. i\fississippi. B) ram Marl. middle Olibocc:nc:.

10. Chi(IJre11srPh]llono11mii!frcq11rn1 (E.1-1. Vokes) (X Jl ,2 ) 143 U J\! 6+13 7·1 Cholotypc:): hc:ighc 16 mm, diame[er 19 mm. Localicy: TU '158. Chipola Fm .. (' J lo\\'C r Miocene:. No. 3

Ceno~oO l.c .\ I f//J'i 'd c1 ae - fl! 151

2a

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2/J 152 T11/ane 111dies in Geology Vol. 5

"Habitat in mari, Africarn occidentalem 743, 7-16, 747, 7-18, 749, 750, 7.)1, 750, 759 alluente, testa ponderosa, trunculo affinis." (1500 s pecimens), 767. 7Ci8, 78 , 793, 8 0:3, (Gmelin, 1791). Rl6. "T:>'pe figure:" Martini, 1777, C011c hy­ licn-Cabinat, v. 3, pl. 109. fig. 1023 (here Oisc11ssio11 : C. pom11m is rhe mosr abun­ designated) . danr and widespread muricinc species in T~ · pe locality : St. Thomas, Virgin Islands che wesrern Arlanric. fn the: Rcccnr fauna (designated by Clench and Perez Farfanle, 19-15, p. 27). it ranges fr om as far norrh as Cape H mtcras, Occurrence: Bowden Formation, J amaiea; Norrh Carolin:\, rn off rhe:: coasr of 13raz il. (?) upper l\Iiocene or Pliocene. l\Iare For­ The deprh range is sha ll ow, usually from 3 mation, Venezuela ; Caloosahatchec F onna­ l ion, Florida; Pliocene. Unnamed post­ m 40 farhoms. Bullis ( 196·1, p. 10 5) re­ Caloosahatchcc for mation, Florida; Pleis­ porred specimens from grearer deprhs off tocene. Fort Thompso n Formation, Florida; rhe mourh of rhe Amazon Ri ver, noring rhat unnarned formations in Panama, Cuba, the dt prhs, up ro 80 farhoms, arc "well be­ South Carolina and Louisiana; late Pleis­ tocene. Recent. \\'Cslcrn Atlant ic from Cape yo nd the ba rhymer ri c range formerly co n­ Hatteras, North Carolina, lo Brazil, incl ud­ sidered ryp ica l. This probably indicarcs sa­ ing enti re Gulf of l\I ex ico and Caribbean linity rolerancc:s since rhe enormous river Sea. drainage along rhi s emire coast musr cer­ Fig111·cd SJlecima11.• : Fig. 4, USNM G-15-122 ; lieight 76 .5 111111 , diameter 48 mm; locality rainly lower sa linities appreciably our rn the TU 726. l<' ig-. ii, USN:\l G4 .) 42:~ ; height 22 vicinity of the 20 fachom curve." mm diameter 12 mm; localitv TU 519. As wirh mosr ubigu irnus species C. fio- Oth~r occurrences: T U locality nos. 79 , 201, ~02, 203, 206, 52Da, 529b, 539a, 54~ 11111111 is guite variable and has had a number 580, 583, 725, 727 , 782, 733, 737, 738, 739 , of orher spec ies placed in synonymy wirh

PLAT!] 2 Fi gu res 1. Chicore11s I Ph_i//0 11 0111s J 1ri1 011op.1is (l-leilprin ) (X I ) 141 USNM 2 11140 ( rnporypc): hcighr "15 lllm, diameter 26 mm. Loca li cy: B,1llast Poinr, Tampa Day. Fl orid a. Tam pa Lim esrone, lower Miocene. 2. Chicore11.r 1PhJll0110111sJ dr11·isi ( Ri chards) (X I ) 140 USNM 645li25; height 46 mm , diameter 27 111111. Loca li ry: TU 562 . Sil verdale Beds, lower fiocene. 3. Chicorms I Phvllo 11 01 11s) 111il/1 •ille11Jis ( Ri chards and Harbison ) ( X I t 2 ) I· 16 USNM 4989i5 ( holorype); hei ghr 32 . 5 mm. diamerer 19 mm. Localiry: i'v!il lvilk-. New Jc:rsey. Kirkwood Fm. , middle: Mi ocene. Ii . Chicore11J IPh)llo110111s) />;k110J ( C ardner ) ( XI t ~) 1115 USNM 11 577 1 ( holorype): heighr .)2 111111 , diamerer 20.8 mm . J.oca liry: USGS 26 15. Shoa l Ri ve r fill., middle i\.fiocrne.

5. Chicore11s I Phyllo110111s J 1ri1011opsiJ ( H eilprin ) ( X 2) J 4 1 USNM 6417 18 ( ropory pe); hc: ighr 23j mm , d iamerer 16 mm. Loca li ty: Ball ast Poim, Tampa Bay, Fl orida. Tampa Lim estone, low er ]\[iocene. 6. Chicorem I Ph11!0 11 0/11J J cf. C. 1ri1 011 opJ iJ ( Heilprin ) ( X 2) 14 2 USNM 3 7 1878; height 14.5 mm , diamere r 8.) llllll. Loca lit y: USGS 22 11. Chipola Fm., ( i l lower Mi ocent. 7-8. Chirore11J 1Phi.llo110/11J) 1ropho 11ifom1 i.1 ( Heilprin ) (X 2) 1-iO 7. USNM 2 lli737 ( holorype-/ l/ec1rio11 g11rd11erae D all ); hei ghr ( in complert ) 16 111111, diam<:rer 12 111m. Loca li ry: l3all asr Poinr, Tampa Ba)', Florida. Tampa Lim c:sro ne, lower Miocene. 8. USNM 16508 5 ( roporype): hei ghr 30 mm , diamerer 16.5 mm. LocaJi ry: Ball ast Poim. Tampa 13ay. Florida. Tampa Lim c:sronc:, lower Miocene. No. 3

Ce110:.:.01c !lf11r1c1da(, -11!

153 l54 T11lt111e S111dies i11 Geo/og; Vol. 5 ir. Although some of these references are referred co rhe discussion of char species for accepted by rh e wr irer some mosr definirely furrher dera il s. are nor. i\l11rex f/fperrinws Lamarck is based \'(l irh one exceprion C. /1011111111 is no[ on cerra in of the same references in l\!ar­ known before rhe Pliocene:. Thar one ex­ rini ( 1777) cited by Gmelin and acrs ro ception is in rhe Bowden Forma rio n of resrrict rh e polyspecific 1\l11rex pn11111111 of Jam aica. These beds were considered by Gmelin ro the presendy recognized fo rm. \X!ood ring ( 1928, p. 108 ) w be upper mid ­ Mmex />0111ifnr111is . a name used by Martini dle Mi ocene (Vindobonian ) in age. Earl ier in a non-bi nomial work ( 1777), was adopt· ( 1922. p. 19 7) Olsson suggesred char rhesc eel by several later authors fo r rhe spec ies. beds were u ppc: r Mi ocene in age and larcr 1'!11 rex 111exicf/1111s Petit is based on a variet)' Palm er ( 194 5. p. 8) observed char rhc found along the north Yucat:\n coast which Bowd en fnr am iniferal fa un a had a ve ry is noriceabJy pink in color bur otherwi se: in ­ modern aspecr and rhar .. rhc Chocrawhatcl1ee disringuishable from the ty pical C. pr111111m. Mi ocene fauna of floricl a is very closely rc­ Of th e species inval idl y placed in synony ­ Jared to char of the 13owden." In the Chocra­ my with C. po11111111. C. llltll'P,t1ri1e11ris (Ab­ wharchee Form ari on rhe species of Phil boct ) has been discussed by Abborr ( 1958, /0110/m which is found is nor C. /> 011111111. p. 11 ), Clench ( 1959, p. 33)) . and the bur C. len11e11sir Vokes, n. sp., a relarcd form. writer ( Vokes, 1964, p. I 0). fn th e presem l n sourhern Florida rhe upper l\fiocenc spe­ paper it is discussed furrh er and rhe reasons cies is C. gloho.111.1. and C. /1 0111 11111 docs no1 for accepting ir as a valid form arc cited . appear unri l rhc Pli ocene in the Caloosa­ A second species, C. glnho.r11.r ( Emmons ). hatch ce Formation. There arc no aud1cnri ­ has also unril recently bee n sy nonymized cared reports of C. pn11111111 fro111 rhc Mio­ wirh C. pom11111 bur Ol sson and Perie ( 1964, ce ne. all upon invesrigarion prove m be p. 5-19) and rh e wri ru (Vokes. 196/i. p. misidcnrificarions. Therefore, ir sce111' nrn 10 ) have both indicated irs identity as a unreasonabl e: ro suggesr rhc Bowden 111a y valid raxo n. A thi rd spec ies, C. orn/a/11.r perhaps be Pli ocene rarh er rhan upper Mio­ ( Reeve) has nor been recognized by modern cene in age. Eames ( perso nal correspon­ workers. The spec ies was named wirhour dence) has reached the sa me co nclu sion on loca li ty and although Reeve insisted rh ar ir rhc basis of the plankronic foraminifers. was possible ro distinguish rhc new spec ies Ir is , of course, possible char C. pou111111 "ar a glance fr om any varicry of rhe ,\f11rex evolved in rh e warmer sourhern waters and pom1r111" ( 1845. pl. 9, expl.) ir has been moved in ro Fl orida wirh the advent of consisrentl y referred to C. po1111r111. Bur the war mer Pliocene seas. Bur rhe rc is no record writer is of the opi ni on thar C. ow/11111.r is of chi s spec ies in the Miocene beds of South indeed a va lid spec ies and the reader is or Central America.

PI.ATE ;

Fi gu res Page I. Chicore11s 1l'hillo11n111s) fo!irlorles (Gardner ) ( XI ) 143 USNM 6-1482 1; heighr li2 mm, diameter 24 .8 mm. Localiry : TU 554. Ch ipola Fm ., (?) lower Miocene. 2. Chicorem r Ph.Jl!o110111r) alclrichi (Gardner ) (X l ) 144 USNM 645424 ( ho lorype); heighr 5.).5 mm, diamerer 3 l. 5 m111. locality: Shell Bluff, Shoal Ri ve r, Florida. Shoal River fm., middle Miocene. 3. Chi coreNs (Pby/10 11 0111.r) 111f/rgttrile11sis ( Abborr ) ( X l ) 156 ANSP 35993 ( roporypc); heighr lOO mm , diamerer 76 mm. l ocaliry: lsb Margarirn, Venezuela. Recenr. 11. Chicorem ( PhJll0110/11s) ri/111rim ( E. H. Vokes) ( X 2) 147 USNM 6li 1)75 ( hol otype) : hcighr 22.5 mm , diamerer 12 111111. loca l icy: T U 60. Chocrawharchee Fm., upper Mi ocene. No.) C e11rr o1 c 1\f11r1 cid r1, - Ill 155

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Pr ATF "> l56 T11/,me ///dies !II Geology Vol. 5

CH ICOREL"S (Pi IYLl.ONOTUS) C11hi11 el. v. 3, pl. 110, figs. l024, 1025. M1\l1GAR ITl'NS IS ( Abbmr ) However, when Gmel in named /\111rex po- Plate 3, figs. )a. ) b 1111011 he included these Manini figures as Jlf11 rc .1· imperialis SWAINSO~, 18:31, Zoo!. well as rhose of rrue /101111011 wirh hi s de­ Jllus., (Ser. 2) v. 2, pl. G7 . .V1111 .lf1q·e.•· sc ription. Lama rck ( 1822. p. 16:1) may be i111J1erialis Fischer, 1807. considc:rr:d the "firsr reviser" for he included J/11ru (l'hyl/011ol11s) imperialis ,·ar. 11 only references m Marrini·s figures 1021- SwAJ NSON. 183:3, Zoo!. Illus., ( er. 2) v. 8, pl. 109. 10~ .). which are po11111111 . and Gmelin's J\111 - M"1· e.1· (Ph111/011ol11s) po11111111 Gmelin. rex pr111111111 in rhe sy non ymy of his M11 rC'X C LEK Cll and P(:REZ FAlll, ANTI·:, 1045, ,11pern1111.r ( which fo r reasons unk now n to .J ohnsonia . v. 1, no. 17, p . 21i (in part, rhe wrirtr he felt necessa ry m give anorhcr not of Gmelin). .l/ ure.1· (Phy/1011ol1!S) llllll"f/C!l"itc11sis ABBOTT, na111e ). H e: definitely sta red rhat 1\lllrex l!Hi , Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., Mon. 11, p. 11.rjierri11/l/.r ( = jJ011111111) had only rhree 61, pl. l, figs. n, o. 1\'e\\' name for ,l/ . ,·arices. Eve::n Tryon ( 1880, p. IOI) rhe imprn'rr/is Swainson 11011 Fischer. 111osr notorious "lumper·· of mode rn rimes .l/ 111'£'.l" (Phy//011otus) 11011111m 11wrgarifC'11Ri' Abbott. CLEKCll, H):;$J, .Johnsonia, v. :l, rccogniztd rhc: species as va lid and nored : no. :39, p. :3:3:1, pl. 17.), l'igs. 1, ~ - "This shell is generall y arrr ibured ro the Pa ­ [Chicorc11 s ( l'hyl/011of11s)l 11wrgarite11Nis cific coast of orrh 1\mcrica, which appea rs (Abbott). E. H. Vo1rns. lHri-1, :-ralacolo­ to be a 111israke. lts di He rem zoo logica l re­ gia, v. 2 . no. 1 p. 10. 1 gion rnken in connccrion with irs g rear Diagnosis : "Shell ponderous, ll"ilh l'rorn solidiry may se rve to di>ringuish ir from rou r to five va rices betll"een the two Ii ps; the varices simple, nodulous , and obtuse; tlf. bicolor [ -;II. cr1thro.1tomm Swai nso n] i11tern1 ediate, or false variee~, none ; aper­ and 1\1 . reg i11s. borh .o f which ir mimics so ture yellow orange• or red· inner lip closely in co lornrion. ·· Borh Reeve ( 181i5, striated on!'y at th~ hase." ' (Swainson, pl. I I ) and Sowerby ( 1879, pl. 17) arrrib­ 1831). H olotype: Kot found. utecl a localiry of "Californi a" ro rh is spe­ T~ 'pe locality: " Island of Marga1·ita." cies. no doubr as Tryon correcrly d iagnosed. \·enezuela. due ro confusion with rhe common "pin k- Occ11rrc11ce: Cuman{t FormaLion Vene­ 1 111outhed /\111r cx." C. ! PhJ!fo1mlllS! erJ ­ zuela; Pliocene. Recent. northern South Anwrica onlv. thro.11011111.1 (Swainson). of rhe Pacific coast. Figllred siJl•ci111e11: AN SP :).)$)$1:3 ( topo- Reeve's rc.:fc rcncc t0 "Isabella Tsbnd, Ca li ­ type) ; height 100 rnrn, diameter 7(i mm; fornia" is probably lsla lsabela, jusr sourh locality, Isla Marg·arita, Venezuela. of i C:tzar\;'rn, Mexico. Kiener ( 184), p. 70) Di.rwssio11: Th is elegant species has been came somc:whar close r srn ring, "H abi tat la rhe subject of much conrroversy in rccem mer Pacifique, \cs cores de \'ile Marguerire." yea rs. Ir was recognized by al l of the ea rl y Clench and Perez Farfante ( 1945, p. 26) writers as a valid form and was figured a-; placed 1\1 . imj1erialis Swainson, I 83 l ( rhc early as 1777 by Marrini in rhe Conch;lie 11 yel low-aperrurcd form). in sy nony111y wirh

Figu res Page 1-3. Chico rem r Phi llouo11n ) globosm ( Elllmons) !liS I. ( X I ) US M 645419; heighr 77 .5 lllm. dialllerer 41 lll!Jl. Localiry: TU 726. Ca\oosaharchee Fm .. Pliocene. 2. ( X 2) USNM 645420; heighr 2 1 mm. diamerer 12 lllm. Localiry: TU 519. Caloosahmchel: Fm .. Pliocene. 3. (X l ) USNM 64542 l; heighr I )5 mm, d iamerer 81 mm. Localiry: TU 52). Pinccresr Beds. upper "Miocene. 4-5. Chicore11s rPb1!/0110111J ) /10!1111111 (Gmelin) 149 4. ( X l ) USN~( 61i5 ,t22; heighr 76.5 mm, diamerer 118 mm. Loca li ty: TU 726. Caloosaharchee Fm., Pliocene. 5. ( X 2) USNM 61 15 121: heighr 22 mm , diamerer 12 mm. Locality : T 519. Caloosaharchee Fm., Pliocene. 0. Cenn:::o1c 1111 1'/c·iI.

2

PLATE .j 158 7 1tf,111c \tl/(lte.r i11 G eolog_) Vol. 5

1\f11rex /1011111111 but excluded tlf. i111peri11/ir geologic ri111e. ln li ghr of rhis hisrory of va r. " Swai nson . 1833 ( che pink-apertured sepa ration i r does not seem reasonable ro form) The)' did not discuss this disposition place the two species mgcrh er. Both are of the rwo fo rms bur noted that the speci ­ probabl)' descended from th e common an­ mens of 111. /J1111 111111 from Trinidad have "n ces rnr, C. g!nbos11s. whi ch also gave rise ro decidedly pinkish cast in the :1pc:rru re" the Pacific consr spec ies C. erythros101111ts ( 19 15,p.27). and C. reg i11 s. thus explaining the similarity Abbott ( 1958, p. 61) was the first rn poim of all four forms. Ol sso n and Petir ( 1964, out that the name: 1\l1trl'x im/1l'ri,t!i.r wa111- p 5- 19) suggested rlrnt C. g !ob11s11s was more son was prcocu1pied by chat of Fi sche r. He close!)' relared rn C. mt1rgt1ritemis than ro renamed tlw species and g:1\'c: an c:xcc llent C. po11111111 and that so me of the foss il speci- discussion of th e d ifferences b~rn·ctn this 111ens of C. g!nbnrm "are so si111ilar ro rhe form and the more wides pread 1\l11r&x pri - Recent species [C. 111111-,r1,r1rite11.ri.r} as ro war­ 11111111. Clench ( 1959, p. 13)) declared chat ram the use of the sa111c name." The writer orhc:r than the deep pink co lor of the apcr­ ca nnot ag ree with this latter srnre 111enr for rurc: there was no consisrenr differen ce bc­ the specimens of C. gloho.rm are higher rwc:en rlw two forms and reduced 111 1trgt1 ri­ sp ired and in general a lighter and more !e11.ris rn a subspecies of 1\111 rex /1 011111111. gracefu l shell. l n addi rion, thC:)' usually bear 'I'he prcsc: n t wri tcr was u nd c:cided ( 196 I, foliaceous open spines on the va r ices and p. I 0 1 about rhe exacr starns of tht: species these: arc neve r prese nr in C. 11111rga·rite11.ris. until she: found. in rhe co ll c:([io ns of rhe Museum of Pnltonrolog)', Un iversity of Ci-llCOl1El 'S ( P!IYLLONOTllS ) California, lkrkele)', numerous specimens ocu LATUS ( Reeve) of undeniable- C. 111r1rg, ,,.ite11.11.r from the Pl ate 6, fi gs. )a, 3b Cum:rn:l Form ation of norrhern Vcnt:zucla. .l/ 111 ·r,.· 11c11lrtl11s REF.VE, 1845, Conch. Icon., The age: of rhe Cuman:\ Form ation is now v. :), .l/ H »eY, pl. 9, fiµ:. :·Hi; Rr.r:vg, 1846, considered tO be Pliocene ( Bc:rmudez, I 96(i). Zoo!. Soc. London, Proc., pt. l !l (1845), p. ~(i. Some of the specimens of C. 11111r~t1ri1e111ir .l/ 111"" " ( l'h ull1111C!l 11.q) 7w11111111 Gmelin. come fro111 the long known fossi l beds near C'Lt,1\:C ll and P1:: HE7. FAtlFANTE, 1945. C:uma n(1, in the scare of Sucre. Venezuela. .f ohm;onia, v. 1, no. 17, p. 2Cl (i n part, 11nl and others come from the [sland of Cub:1gua . of Gmel in). a Federal Dc: pcndc:nq' locmed berwecn the /) iag11os is: "Shell .fu s iform!>' oblong-, Island of Margn rirn and rhc stare of Sucre rather thick, sl ig·htly scabrous t hroud1out, trnnsversel » ridged and striated, with two on the 111a inl and. tu be rcl es between t he varices ; t hree-vari­ The discovery of rhe fossil specimens of co~e, va rices tuberculatcd with short rather C. 111r1rgr1ri1e11ri.r in dicares that rhis species co mplicated larnellac; whitish, stained with pom11111 redd is h brown, varices painted alternatelv is ar leasr as old as C. and has 111ain ­ ll'ith square r ed spots, columella reddish rained its identity in a loca l area rhrough yello\1-, interior of the ape rture \\'bite, lip

Pl.ATE 5 Fi gures Page 1-1. Chicorem 1Ph; llo11 11! 11.1 ) gloho.11n I Emmc>ns ) 148 I. ( X I ) USNM M54 I 9: height 77.5 111111. diameter 41 mm. Locality: TU Tl.6. Caloosah1tchte F111., Pliocene. 2. ( X 2) USNi\[ 645420: height 2 1 111111 , diameter 12 mm. Loca lit)': TU 519. Caloosa harchec Fm ., Pliocene. 1. ( XI ) USNM6-15 '12l : height 135 mm,diamerer81 mm. Loca l it)': T U 523. Pinecrest Beds. upper Miocene. ·1-5. Chicorel!S 1Ph11!011()/11s1 /Hn1111111 ( Gmelin ) 149 4. ( X I ) USNM 6-15-122 : height 76.5 mm. diameter 48 mm. Loca li ty: TU TJ.6. Calcxisahacchee Fm , Pli oce ne. 5. ( X 2) USNM 645421: height 22 mm, diameter 12 mm. Loca lity: TU 519. Caloosaharchec Fm ., Pliocene. 0. Ceno:zr11 c tllm1cid f/C'- flf 159

Pi.ATJ' 160 T11la11 e S111d1 e.r i11 GerilogJ Vol. 5

spotted with black-brown. cspeciall,· at the V. NOTES ON THE WEST COAST SPECIES upper pal't, apex red, canal rathel' short. OF PIJYLLONOTUS l'ecurved." (Reeve. 184?5). As has been noted in the previous sect ion Dimensions of' lcctotype: heig-ht 80 rnm, diameter .J7 111111. of this p:tper there are two species of Phyl­ Lectotype: Bl\INH. /011"111s from the \Xlest Coast of tropical Type local it>·: Dominica, B. W.I. ( hel'C America which are clc:a rlv descended from designated). the upper Miocene C. gi(}bos11s. A third Oa11n·eJ1ce: Recent onl>•, Cal'ihbcan and species, C. /1eratm (Keen ), is more closely Gulf of Mexico. related ro C. /1011111111 and C. oc11/a111.r. H ow­ P ig111·cd speci111e11: USN'\!

P r. ATE 6 Fi gures Page 1-2. Chicorem 1Ph1!!011(}t111) leo11emi.r E. H. Vokes, n. sp. 147 l. ( X I I USNM 370189 ( holorype), height 79 mm, d iameter (incomplete) 40 lllm. tocality: H arvey's Creek, I.eon County. Fl orid a. Chocrawharchee Fm., upper Miocene. 2. ( X 2) USNM 645426 ( paratype): height 19.5 lllm, dia111eter 11 mm. Locality: TU 60. Chocrawhatchee Fm., upper Miocene. 3. Chicorrns (PhJ!!o11otm) nC11!c1tll.f (Reeve) CX I) 158 USNM 602926: height 97 mm, diameter 58 mm. Locality: Dominica, B.\X' .I. Recent. 0. 3 Ceno. "'c 1\l11ricicl,w- lll c: 162 T11/,111e 111dies i11 Gcolog) Vol. 5

\II. LOCALITY DATA Bluff, Chickasa wha.v River ahout four miles south of' Shulrnta. Wayne Co., 1\lis­ The following arc: Tulane Un iversiry lo­ sissippi. ca lit)' numbers: 28:L Pinecrest Beds and unnamed post­ C'aloosahaLthec formation m ixed, spoil fiO. Choda\\'hatthe<• F111., horl'O\\' pits at !tanks on ti·oss canal t.:3 miles southwest ,J atkson Bluff, Othlotkonec River, ( )! \\' of Port Charlotte Railroad Station ( J'o r­ 1. Set'. 21, TlS, l~ l W) , Leon Co .. l•'lorida. 1 n;erh· i\'1ul'Clock), on Florida Highway fili. Bvram :llarl, L)·pe locality, \\·e,;t bank 771,. (Sec. 12, T JOS, R21E), Charlotte or i>carl River, al Byram, Hinds Co., Co., J<'lol'ida. l\J is:ois:r,;­ U.S. ·l[i).:·hwa)' (il (Business), about 'l2 bur,g, 70th Ave. al ~Jth Sl. N., l'inclla,; 111ile nol'th or \'icksln1rg Natl. l\ l iliLary Co., Florida. Cemctcn·, Yic·ksburg", Warren Co., l\ l is­ (i!J. Shoal Hiver Fn1 .. t ,,·pe lonllit)', Shell sissippi. 1 Blufl'. Shoal Rivl'I'. (NW ,i Sec. I, T::N, :::i:;. 13)-rant Marl, roacltut, on U.S. ll igh­ 1 R2l\V ), about :1 2 miles north of' :Vlos,;)·­ wav Iii ( Bu~incss), about, one mile north hcad, \\'alton Co., !i'lorida. of' · \'itks lrnrg Nall. Milita 1·\' Ccrnclcrv. u!JA. Shoal !{iver l"m., first ravine up­ \"ickslturg. \\'arren Co., l\li s~iss ippi . . sll'eam from Shell Bluff, Shoal Hi ver, 1 :J:J(i. B\-ra111 Marl, above waterfall on small (NW 1 1 Sec . . J, T:lN, R 21\V), ahuut :) 2 neck. trossing U. S. H ighway (il (Busi­ mile,; north of l\los::at!. Military cmctcry, Vicksbu r g, (i$JB. Shoal River 1•'111 .. ravine just to ea,;\ Warren Co., Mississippi. or lotality Ci~!A, .JL'"L cast of Shell Blu! r, 45:{. Chipola F111., Alum Bluff' (lowe r Shoal River, (NW 1 1 Sec -J, T:~>J, 1<21 \\), beds), Apalachicola P.i vcr, (Nt: V. Set. ahout :l 12 mile,; north ol' ~lossyhcad, 24, TlN, 1{8\V), Liltcl'ly Co., l"loricla. Walton Co., l·'lorida. J.11. Chipola Fnt., wesl bank of Chipola 70. Chipola !i'm., T<·n '.\file Cl'cek, at bridg·e Hive!', al1uut V2 mile ltclow T en Mile 1 of i<'Iorida llig·hway n. (:\\V 1 Sec. 12. Creek, (S\\' 1 .1 Sec. 17, TIN, WJ W ), Cal­ T l '.'\ , IUOW), Calhoun Cu .. Florida. houn Co., l<'loricla . (Sa111c as USGS ~2 1 ::, 7fi. l\linL Spring·s Marl, type lotalit)·, l\li11L ;,!)(i4 , and :;419, "One mile below B ailc)•'s Springs Ba)'Ou, ju,;L ol't' U. S. ll ighway J'en)·.") fil ( Jfo ,;iness) al \'icksburg Natl. ;\lil1- 158. Chipola Fm., cast bank of Chipola ta1·~r Cemclt·r~ 1 . \"itk:--;burg, \\'a 1·ren C'o.1 ,.ivCI', al1o ve Farley Creek, (SW 1 ., Set. :VI i,;sissippi. :211, Tl N, l{~J\V). Calhoun Co., Florida. 78. (;o,;port Sand, ClailH>1'l1C• Bluff'. casL 'll!J. Caloosahatthee 1"n1., I larncy P on d bank of Alabama Hivl'I' . south or bridge Canal spoil banks, at 1<'lorida I l ighway of' U ... Highwa)' 81, Monrnc Co ... \la­ 78, norl11west side of Lake <1kcechobee, harna. (:'\W 1.1 Set. J8, T40S, J{:J3 E), C:lades 79. Calou:~9h . Caloosahatthee Frn., norlh bank of 20(i. Pinecrest Beds and unnamed pust­ Caloosahatthec River, about two miles C'aloosahalchee J'or111ation mixed, junction \\'C'L o r LaBelle, (SE 1... 1 Sec. 12, 'f.J:lS, of' l'. S. Highway 27 ancl l"loricla lligh­ R28E) , llend r)· Co .. Florida . wa)· 78, just wc'sl of :lluore lla\'l'll, C:lade,; .;:n. Pinene,;t Beds, spoil banks, canal Co., Florida. trnssing Florida H ighway 771 about one 22fi . Heel Bluff Cla)", type loealil)'. HPd mil<' 11·«st of Port Chal'lotle Railroad 0. 3 Ce110· oic Muricid,1e- ll /

1 Station (former!:-· '.\Iurdock), (SE: 4 three miles ~outh of South Bay, at 0{t{­ Sec. 1:2, T -JOS . R:21E ), Charlotte Co., lanta. Palm Beach Co., Floricla. Florida. 7:!(i. C'aloosahatc·hN' Fni.. flP1Hlrv Co• 1 t1· .;:J2 . Pin(•crest Beds , spoil banks on c-ross 1 rockpit, 2 111il<• north uf Florida lli;d;­ c·anal l "1 miles south of Flo1·ida lf i;.d1- wa:-· 80, three miles ll'l'sl of Lalldll', ! SF 1 11·av 77 1, i.;J miles southwest of Port ., Sec. 1-l, 'l'..i::s. 1{:!8J•:J, llP11dry Co., C'h;ulottc l~ailroad Station ( f"ornwt·ly l•'lot·icla . 1 Murdoc- k) , (SE , Sec. :2 -1, T.JOS , R :2 1 f ~) . 727. Unnamed post-('uloo!'ah:tt.C'lH•f' J'on"' a Cha rlotte Co., F'lorida. t ion. bonow pits :!.:! tnil<•s <'ast of l'. S. ~, :·l.i. Pinee !'Cst Beds , Ind ian Prairie ('anal I J ighwa:-· :21, I:; mii<•s south of So tl !" JJOil banks, at Flori da lli:..d1\\'ay 7H, Ba:-·. Pallll Bc·ad1 C'o .. l•'lorida. north shore Lake Okeeehobee. ! Sce. :2 I, l~H. Pinec-rest Reels . ~poil l1a11ks on \\L'~~ T:rns, H:J:m). Glades Co., Flol'ida. >ide of Kissimtn('t' Canal and l"H>l :-ide < f :;:w . Caloosahall"hee Pm., south bank of I \i:.:.~immee Hivt•1·, ju:-:.t acro;;:,s frolll lr ~­ Caloosahall"hce Ri,·er about one milP t•asl Corps of Eng:inPt'rs Struc.·tur'-' fi;"j.f). t ~' c. of" La Bel le, (Sec. :J & I. T 1:is. R:2!1 I ·~ l, :~ : !. T31iS, R3!31•:). Okeel"hohe« Co., Flor la ll cndr:-· Co., Florida. (Designated as L:-·pe /~!l. Pinecrest BPds, spoil hanks on \VC~t loealitv of lhe Caloosahalchec Formation side ot' Kis;-;imnu1 c.• Canal and t•ast sidl' of bv Ol ~so n i11 Ol sson and P etit, I !Hi I, p. 1 5 "1 D.) Ki:--:simn1ec Hi,·cr, approximatl'I~· ~ 111ilt• south of 11. S. ( 'orps of E11g·im•<•rs Strue­ :;:rna . U nnanl('d post-Caloosahatche<' fot· - tu1·c.• l).)-D, ( s l :! St•t·. :;:;, ' l ':Hi~. a:;:: E)' 111 ation, Shell C r eek (uppe r beds), about OkeeC"hobee Co., Florida. t•i;d1t miles t'asl oJ Clevt•ln nd, (See. :)0, 7:30. P inenest Beds, ('n1ha11knll'nl uf Sea­ T -IOS, H:25 1•:), Cha rlotte Co .. Florida. board Airline l{ailroad, .iusl \\'est of Kis­ ,-, :l!lb. C'aloosahalchec Fm., Shell C'l'eek :-;im1nee River, ( N \\' 11 Sc.1t'. ~o, T::ns. (lower beds) about eight miles t'ast of R:i :H:), lfighlancls ('o., Flo1 ida. Cleveland, (S'cc·. :JO . T.JOS. R:2."i E:), Char­ {:{:!. Unnamed po;-;t-Caloosaliakht•\1 forma­ lotte Co., Florida. tion. hot-ro11· pits on l·'loricla Ifighwa:-· .-, -10. Pineeresl Beds, :lliami Canal spoil 115. four niill•s north of I I illshorou.d1 hanks, one lo three miles south t>f Jllt111p­ Canal, at Bl•llt• (;Jack, l'a l111 ll«a<"h Co., ing· station at Pal m Beath Count~· line, f•'loricla. Broward C'o ., Florida. t·»L Unnarned post.-Caloosaliail h<'t• forma­ ."i4 1. Caloosahatehee F111 ., :lliami Canal t ion. :'\orth ~C'll" ]{i\•(•r C'anal spoil hanks, spoil hanks, two miles north of pu111ping­ one mile north of Florida llighll'ay llO, station at 8roll"ard Count:-· lin(', Palm at South Ba\". Palm lll>aeh Co., Florida. Beaeh Co., Florida . l:lii. Pine("J'esl. B<•cls, spoil li:1nb 011 south ."i 4U. C'h ipola Pm., T en :'.Ii!c C reek, ahout 1 side of Fl<>rida ff ighwa:-· 70 and <'asl side I'" miles west of Chipola Hi ver, (NW 1 of Kissimmel• Hiver, Okl·<'<·holJ<•c• Co., Set. I. :!, Tl N, RlOW), Calhoun Co., f>' lot·­ l•'lo rida. ida. ('? - USGS 2212, ''one mile west oJ 7:l7. Pinel"l"t'sl Bt•ds, lc•V<'l' !" ill, L-~S. :!.R Baile:-·'s Fcny.") mi les west of g«.1te at l J. S. ('01·ps of Enµ:i• C'hipola Fm., ll"Cst bank of ('hipola .i47. ~-.\, 1 t1ce1·s Strnc·tu rt• S-1 al '"l"<>l"l:-·-i\l ile River. about 1 mile above F ou t· ~ Ji le Bl•nd ."" U . S. ll igll\rny It, l>adl' Co., 1 C reek, (S \.\' .1 Sec. 2!l, TIN , H!I \\'), Florida. Calhoun Co., Florida . 1:)8 PineCl"l''l lkcb. i<'l'l'<' fill, 1.-:!X, l:! ;,,;.J . C'hipola Fm., cast bank of Chipola 1 n;iles norlhwt•st of gal« al St n1<·t11n· S- River at j) O\\·e r line cro;-;s ing·, (S\V -1 12-A. on I '. S. II ighway Jl, !>ad<· Co., Sec· . 1.7, TlN, R9W) , Calhoun C'o .. 1-'lorida. Flo rida. 'j";}!J . Pi nee rest Beds, levt't' fi II, 1.-:!s, 17 .i58. \Vaeeamaw Fm., borrnll" pits al no1·th miles north\\"est of gale at Slrueture S­ end or Cresecnt Beach Airport, Crescent l ~-A, on 1·. S. JI ig-h\\"ay II, l>ade Co., Beach, lio n·:-· Co., South Carolina. l"lorida. ;) (i2. "'Silverdale Beds,'" Onslow County I I l. Pinel"l"est lll•ds , lt•V('t' !"ill, 1.-~S. ::.1; marl pit, on south ,,; idc of" \·\'clib Creek, miles west and :).(i tn il<'s south of Jllllllp­ nea r Silverdale, Onslow Co ., No!'th Cal"O­ itw station on ~lia111i Canal a l Palm lina. 13;,teh Count:-· linl', Hrowa t· d Co., F l.orida. 580. Unnamed posl-Caloosahatehec. fo nna­ 7-1:3. l_;nnamed posl-C'aloosuhalehee lonna­ tion North New l{iver Canal s poil hanks, ti(_>n, spoil iJH ll ks on d !·ainag'l' -~·;_u1a! s{;1 ~'('l~ one 'mile south of South Ba:-·. Pa l111 ll eaeh n11it's cast of U. S. ll1 g-l11rn;· -'· l.1 1ntle~ Co., Florida. south of South Ba:-·. Paint Beal"i1 Co., :;s;~ . Caloosahalehee Fm., :llianii Canal Florida. s poil banks, ·even miles north of put.11p­ 7 Hl. Unnamed post-Caloosaliail'hllt.' forma­ inµ: station at Broward County lint•, l ion. Xorth Xe\\" Hin•1 C'anal spoil hank~. Palm Beach Co .. Florida. .) . :~ mile~ north of JHllllJlin.tr station at 70-1. "Silverdale Beds .·· C:illelle's niarl pit, Bro\\"ard Count:-· lim· on l'. S. llighwa;· al Silverdale, Ons low Co., North Carolina. :!T , P alm Beaeh Co., Florida. 72.i. U nnamed posl-CaloosahatciH'e fort11a ­ T 17. Unnamed posl-C'aloosahatdil't' fon11a­ tion, North Ne"' Hiver Canal spoil han ks. lion. :'\orlh Xe\\" Rivl'I" ('anal spoil banks. 164 T11/r111e S111dies in Geolog; Vol. 5

two miles 'outh of South Ha,·, Palm southwest of U . S. Highway 41 at Port Beach Co., Florida. Charlotte Railroad Station (formerly 748. Unnamed post-Caloosahatchcc f"orma­ Murdock), (Sec. 15, T'IOS, R21E), Char­ t ion, Lake Okeechobee levee. two miles lotte Co., Florida. north of South Bay, Palm Beach Co ., 793 . Unnamed post-Caloosahatchee fonna­ Flol"ida. tion, borrow p its just east of Florida H igh­ 749. Caloosahatchee Fill. and unnamed way 80, 2 'h miles southwest of LaBelle, post-Caloosahatchee formation mixed, (NW % Sec. 18, T43S, R29E), H end ry bonow pits on south sid e of "Glades Air­ Co., Flol'ida. port," 1.3 miles south of Pahokee south 797. Pinecrest Beds, material exposed dur­ city limits on Florida ITij.!:hw ay '713. ing co nstruction of "Allig·ator Alley," Palm Beach Co., f<'lo1·ida . l:J.:J miles east of Florida Highway 29, 750. Unnamed post-Caloosahatthcc [orma­ (T49S, R3:2E), Coll ier Co. , Flo1·ida. tion, spoil banks cross canal 8.1 miles 802. Pinec1·est Beds, s poil banks south side south of Lake Harbor on Miami Canal, of Caloosahatchee Rivel', 4 %. miles west Palm Beach Co., Florida. of Ortona Lock, (SE 1/i Sec. 25, T 42S, 751. Unnamed post-Caloosahatchee forma­ R:29E), Glades Co ., Florida. tion, North New River Canal spoil banks, 80:3. Unnamed post-Caloosahatchee forma­ 1 1/o miles south of South Bay, Palm tion, spoil banks south side of Caloosa­ Beach Co ., Florida. hatchcc River, two m il es west of Ortona Lock, (NE % Sec. 29, T42S, R30E), 752. Pinecrest Beds, spoil banks 011 south Glades Co., Florida. side of Canal H-C ("Slouµ:h Ditch") at 816. Ca loo sahatchee Fm. and unnamed crossing of country road, 4.3 lllilcs cast of Brighton and 1.4 miles south of" Flor­ post-Caloosahatchee formation mixed, borrow pits, Cec il M. Webb Wildlife ida Hig·hway 70, (SE 1 '. Sec. :J:l, T37S. R3:JE), Highlands Co., Florida. Management Area, 1.8 miles cast of U. S. 750. Caloosahatchee Fm.. Miami Canal High way 41 and 7.2 miles north of the Lee County li ne, Charlotte Co ., Florida. s poil banks, 17.4 miles north o\" pumpin!.!: 1 station at Brnward County line, P alm 870. \\ accamaw F111. , pits on east si de of Beach Co., Florida. North Carnlina Highway 130, 2.8 miles 756. Pinecr est Beds, spoil banks west side north of Old Dock School Old Dock of Elkcan Waterway, Port Charlotle De­ Columbus Co .. North Caroli~a. ' velopment, 2 .:~ miles southeast of Port The fol lowing are U. S. Geological Survey Charlotte Railroad Station (formerly localiry numbers: i\lurdock) and 1.7 miles east of U. S. Highway 41 (Sec. 10, T 40S, l\2:2E) , Char­ USGS 22ll. Chipola Fm., Alum Bluff lotte Co .. Florida. (lower beds), Apalachicola River, (NE 759. Unnamed post-Caloosahalchee forma­ Yt Sec. 24, TlN, R8W), Liberty Co ., tion, spoil banks north side of Caloo­ Florida. ( = TU 453) sahatchee River, two miles west of Or­ U~GS 2615. Shoal Rive r Fm., log landing" tona Lock, (NE ~' Sec. 29, T42S. R:30E), farm of DL K. T. McClellan (1895), five Glades Co ., Florida. miles west of" Mossyhead, \Valton Co., 7G7 . Caloosahatchee Fm. and unnamed F l ·ida. post-Caloosahatchec formation mixed, spoil banks north side of Caloosahatchee VII. LiTGl(!IT URE C IT ED Ri ver, five miles west of Ortona Lock, (NW 1;, Sec. :36, T4:2S, R29E), Glades ABBOTT, R. T ., 1958, The marine mollusks Co. , Florida. of Grand Cayman I sland British West 7()8 . Caloosahatchce Fm. and unnamed lndi_es : Acad. Nat. Sci . Phila., Monograph post-Caloosahatchce formation mixed 11, 138 p ., 5 pis., l1 maps, 7 text figs. spoil banks north side of Caloosa hatche~ ANDERSON, F. M., 1929, Marine Miocene Rive r, 5 1 ~ miles west of Ortona Lock, and i·elated deposits of northern Colom­ (NW % Sec. :J:J, T42S, R29E), Glades bia: California Acad. Sci., Proc., (Ser. Co., Florida. 4) v. 18, no. 4, p. 72-213, pis. 8-23. 7G9 . Pinecrest Beds, spoil banks east sid e BERMUDEZ, P. J., 1966, Consideraciones of Kissimmee River, 1 'h to two miles sobre Jos sedimentos del Miocene meclio south of U. S. Corps of Eng;ineers Struc­ a l Reciente de las costas central y ori­ ture 65-D (NE 1/1 Sec. :15, T:36S, R33E), ental de Venezuela. Primera Parte: Okeechobee Co ., Flonda. Venezuela Min. "l\1inas Hidrocarb. Bol. 770. Pinecl'€st Beds and Caloosahatchee Geol., v. 7, no. 14, p. 333-4ll, 8 photo­ Fm. mixed, spoil banks west side of graphs, 2 graphs. Ki ssi mmee River, l'h to :3 1/,, miles north BUCQUOY, M. E. P., PHILIPPE DAUTZEN ­ of Florida I-Iig·hway 70, (Sec. 10, 14, 15, BERG, and G. F . DOLLFUSS, 1882-1886, Les and 28, T37S, R33E), Highlands Co., Moll usques marins du Roussillon, v. I ­ Florida. Gasteropocles. Paris. 57 0 p. ( p. 1-84 publ. 788. Pinec1·est Beds and unnamed post­ 1882), 66 pls. Caloosahatchee formation mixed s poi I BULLIS, H . R , JR., 1964, Muricidae (Gas­ banks at U-shaped canal on' north trnpoda) from the northeast coast of si de of Florida Hi ghway 771 , 3.4 miles South America, with descriptions of four 1 0 . 3 Ce 11 oz01c t1! 1tricirl11e - Ill 165

ne w s pecies : Tulane S t ud. Zoolog,-, v. 11 , N ort h Carolina; the Tertia r v formations: no . .J, p . 99-107, l pl. l\orth Carolina Geo!. and ·Econ. Surv., C L~; Nc 11 , W. J., a nd I. P(:HEZ F All F'AN TE, v . 3, p. 171-258. 1945, The g e nus .llw·c.r in the western ~ I ON TEIWS ATo, T . A., 1878, E numerazione Atlan t ic : Johnsonia , , .. 1, no. 17, 5 p., c s inonirni a delle Conchiglic .l\I editerranee. :29 pl ·.; (con tinued by Clenc h) 19fi9, v. Palermo. viii + ;;;; p. :l, no. 39, p . ;J:H-3:3 4, pis. l 7.J-175 . ~ f ON T EllO S ATo , T . A., 1884, N omenclature Coo 1rn, C. W ., HJ22, The Byram calcar ous g·c ne rica c spccifica de aku ne C' onchig-lie ma rl of M i ·sissippi : U . S. Geol. Surv. :\ledi len anee. Palermo. 1;)2 p. Prnf. Pa pe r 129-E, p. 7H-8G. ~ f oo n E, E. J., l!Hi2, Conrad's Ce nozoic 'os­ COS S ~ I A NN , A. E. M., 18 fJ: l, Notes comple­ s il ma rine rnollusk type spec imens at the mentai rcs s ur la Faune EocC ni quc de Acade rn ,· of Natural Seienccs of Phila­ l'Alai>ama: Ann. Ceol. Paleontolog· ie, li vr. del phia:· Atacl. :\al. Sci. P h i la ., Proc., J2, 51 Jl .. 2 pis. v. 11 4, p. 23- 120. pis. 1-2. DALL, \\" . II., J8 fJO , Contribu t ions lo t he OLSSON , A. A .. l!l22, The ~Ii uec n e or north­ T e rtiary fa una of Florida : Wagne r Free ern Costa Hica: Bulls. Arner. P aleontol­ l nst. Sc i., T rans., v. 3, pt. 1, p. 1-200, ogy, v. 9, no. :rn, p. 174-J82, pis. 4-35. pi s . l- l :2. OLSSO N, A . A., 1%4, Neog·ene mollus ks frorn DALL, \V. H., J 91 5, A mo nograph of l he no r thwestern J<~cuador . Paleontologiea! molluscan fauna of the Orth crn /a.r 1mg- Hesearch I nstitution, Ithaca, N ew York. 111u zo ne of the Oligocene o f Tampa, Flo r­ 25G p., 38 pis. ida: U. S. :--ratl. i\I us., Bull. 90, 173 p., 26 OLSSON , A. A., and R E. PETIT, 1%1, Some pi s. Neog·ene lli ollusea from Florida and t he D u n 11 AM , J. W ., 1%0, 1940 E. W. Sc ripps Caroli nas: Bulls. Arn er. P aleonlology, v. c n 1i se to t he Gulf of 'alifo rnia- PL JI , -17, no. 217, p . 509-'174, pis. 77-83. J\legascopic paleontolog·,· a nd marine sl n~ : t igraphy : C eol. Soc. A me r .. :'IIem. -1 3. v 11 PAUIE!l , D . K., Hl.J5, Nole~ on ~h e for a mi­ ni fe l's from Bowden, J ama1ca : B ulls. 2 l G p., 48 pi s . -+ Amer. Paleontolog;y, v. 29, no. l 15, p . 1- E~rn ! Oi' S E BC:NF.Z l·:n, 185 ', A g ricul t ure o f 82, p ls. 1-2. t he ea~ l e rn counties ; log·cthcr with de­ sc ription s of the fossils of t he ma rl beds : l'ALIIEH K. \ ". \V ., J!l:37, The Claihornian Hc po r l of the N o rth Carolina Ceol. Surv., ( i aslr~poda. and dibranchiate Cepha lo­ :ll4 p., 25G figs. poda of the southern United St ates : B~ll s. GA no ,-.: EJl, J LI LIA , 1!)4.3, '.llollusca of t he T e r­ A rnc l'. Paleontology, ' . 7, n o. :32, p. l-;.i 48, tian· fo r mations of no r theaster n J\ lcxi co : pis. 1-90. Ceoi. Soc. Ame r ., i\Ie m . 1 1, 332 p., 28 pis., PALMER, K. V. \\·.,and D. C'. BllA:->;>; , 1%1i, G tables, 1 text fi g . Catalog ue of the P aleocene and Eocene GABD NEn, J ULIA, Hl4 7, The moll usca n fa una Moll usca of Lhe southel'n and eastern of t h e A lu m B luff Croup of Florida , Part United Sta les. Par t J l - Gas tropoda: 8 : U. S. Ccol. Su r v., Prof. Pape r 1·12- lI , Bu lls. A me l' . Paleonlolog,·, v. 48, no. 218, p. 48:3-65(;, p is . 52-62. p. lli7-10:57, pls. 4, 5. GHEGO HIO A NTOINE DE, 1885, S t ud i SU la lune PA!l1' Ell , J. D., l!l48, A nc": Cassi., and o~h e r co n c hi ~ J i e Mcd itcrranee vi vante e fossil e : mollusks from t he Ch1pola Formation: Vari •la e Jorme rarni f icale dal ,l/ 11rc .. · :\autilus. v . lil, no. 3, p. !l0-9:'i, pl. Ii. era/ icu/al 1, 3G issued Apr. de la Faune Eoceniq ue de !'A la bama : 1846) . Ann. C eol. Palcontologic, Jivr. 7 & 8, :n1; HI CllAR DS, H. G., 194:3, Additions lo the p., -JG pis. fa una of the T l'en t Marl of North C"aro­ K~} L L U M, L. B., 192(), P aleont ology and, stra­ Jina : .J our. Paleon tology, v. 17, no . ..J, p. t ig rap hy of lhe Ca stle H a y ne a nd r!·en l 5 18-526, pls. 84-86. marls in N o rth Caroli na: U. S. C.co l. SowrnBY, C. B .. J R., 1 79, Thesaurus Con­ Su r v. P r of. Pape r 14 3, p. l-5G, 11 pi s. chyliorurn, v. 4, .l foreY, 55 p ., 2-1 pis. K1EN E1i,' L . c., 18-13, Species general el S wA; ;>;SoN, \V 1 LLIA~1 •. 183:3 , ~oolog· icaLIII~1 s. ­ iconog-raphi e des coqui lles vivan Les . ·. . l ra l1on s, (Se l'l es 2) v ..3 , pb ..12-1. 36. L<'a rnille des canalifer es, t rois iem e part 1c, London. Gen re Hoche 1·. Paris. l 30 p., ·17 p is. LAMARCK. J . B., 1 22, llistoire nalure lle T EMll llOC K J\1. L. , l!JG :l, l\Juricidcn aus el em des an imaux sans verte bres, v. 7. P a ris. '.lli llel-u ;1d Oberoligoziin und der V1 er­ 711 p. . Ja ndschichten des Nor dscebecken\, ,P~!a­ ontologische A bh., v. 1, no . .J, p. ~U.l- 3;.i l, ~ l A N S I •' H:LIJ , \V. C., 1937, Mollus ks of the Tampa and Suwannee Limestones ~f pi s. 1-10. F lo rida: Florida Geol. Surv., Bull. l..i . TnYO K, G. W., 1 80, 1anual of .Co nchology, 33.1 p., pis . A-D, 1-21, 2 fi g·s ., 2 tables. str uct u r a l a n d s yslcrnal1c, w1Lh 111.u stra­ ~lAll T I N I, F. H . \V ., 1777, N e ues systcma ­ Lions of the species; v. 2. llluncmae. t isches Conchy lic n-Cabin ct, v. 3. Nure m­ P u ,. pu ri nae. P h iladelphia. 289 p. , 70 pl.s. be r g- . 434 p., pis. (iG- 121. Vo 1 0:~, E. IL, 196:3 , ~ ole" on Cenozoic Mil.LEH, B. L., 191:2, T he Coa s ta l Pl a in o f )! u ric id ae from the western Atlantic re- 166 T11/1111c S///rl1u i11 Geolog; Vol. 5

p:ion, with de,criptions of new taxa: Tu­ (Sirat11s) : Tulane Stud. Geo!., v. 3, no. lane Stud. Geo!., v. 1, no. 1, p . l~l-Hi!3, 4, p. 181-20-l, pis. 1-:l, 2 tc>xt Jig:s. pis. 1-2. \\"n:-:J;AL' F. II. C., 187:l, Catalog dcr im Vo1rns, E . H., HJ6 -l, Supraspecific groups in europiiischen Paunengebiet lebenclen the subfamilies l\furicinae and 'Iritona­ Meercs-Conchylien. Kreuznach. SG p. !iinae (Gastropoda: :\lurir:iclae): l\lala­ \\'ooDm:---·G, W. P., J!J~R. Miocene mollu~ks cologia, v. 2, no. l, p. 1-41, pb. 1-:l. from Bowden, ,Jamai<'a; pa rL 2, Gastro­ VoKE-, E . H., 1965, Cenozoic Muricidae of pods and discussion or results : Carnegie the western Atlantic region, Part JI lnst. Washington, Pub!. :385. 564 p., 40 Chioorcus sensu st1·icto and ('/11con·11s pis. November 20, 1967

REVIEW THE GEO LOGY OF SCOTLAND HUBEHT C. SKll\l\8H 1.:h'fJ/ ' f:,...: ....· u1t ru · t;J·.' UJ.t){; \ 'II I . I \I ' I I/I l .' /IS/ '/ l

Tll E GEOLOGY OF SCOTl.AND, edired by prc:hr:nsi ve book on Srnrrish geology. Thus, Gordon Y. Craig. Published in rhe Unired twch•e: specialists in various aspc.:crs of rhe Srares by Archon Books, Hamden. Con­ geology of Scmland have collaborated under necricur; and, in Grear Brirain. by Oliver the edi :orial leadership of Gordon Y. Craig & Boyd Ltd. Edinburgh and London, 1965, to produce rhc prcsem symhcsis. xv ~ 556 pp., illus .. folding geologic map The first chapter, rh(: Geologi(11/ C,rou th in color, 20.00 of Scotla11t!. is a gener;d account of geological This is the firsr general book on the c:volurion by T. le,·ille C<:orge. This is geology of Scorland since 18-1•1 whc:n the followc.:d by sections on rhe Lewisian, the present publishers (Oliver & llo}'d) issued Torridonian and i\foinian, :ind rhc.: Dalradian the Guide Jo tin Geolog) of Scotl1111d whi(h colllplexes. The nexr several pares deal with was written by ]a Illes Nicol, a stud(:lll of the strarigraphy, paleogeography and srruc­ Robert .J ameson. This long imerval is quire rure of rhe Lower Paleozoic rocks, rhc Old surpri sing when one (Qnsiders the key roles Red Sandsrone. and the , Per­ rhar James Hurron and rhe remainder of the mi1n and , , Cre:raceous, and Edinburgh Circle played in the birth and Turiary sedin1enrs fo llowc:d by a secrion on devcloplllent of geology as a science. lnd(:cd, rhe marine erosio:1, deposition, glaciation and Scorland became rhe principal barrlc:ground fossilifc:rous "fnrerglacial .. deposits of the in rhe intellecrnal struggle bcrwec.:n the Quaternary. The fi heemh and ronclud ing eprunisrs (Werner, Ja!lleson, ere.) and rill chapter is dc:vorc:d ro the economic resources Pluronisrs (Hutton, Playfair and Sir James of Scorland, both 111erall ic and non-merall ic. H all). Ir was in Edinburgh rhar Sir .Ja!llc.:S There· is a rerminal index. delllonsrrared the molten origin of granire The book is brgc:. h:~ndsomc and ex­ and basalr, and :u Siccar Point, nc:ar Edin­ rremely well-done:. Thc:re arc: numerous bu rgh. rhar .Jallles H urron conceived of th(: figures and phorogr.iphic plarc:s, :di of high unconforiniry, rhe interruption that punc­ quality. fold-in maps and secrions are used ruarcd his ea rl ier rnncepr of the vast tem­ rhroughour rhe volume. T he: finc.:sr of rhese poral conti11uum, with "no vestige of a begin­ is a brgt fold-our gec,1 logic map in full ning, no prospccr of an end." Clearly, a color ar rhe scale of 25 mi les ro the inch. new and modern treatment of this clas;ic This map is bound with a full stub permit­ area of Llr!rish geology was de:sirable and ting it to be unfolded and ustd alongside lllUCh n(:eded. rhe rexr, an invaluable aid ro comprehtnsion In the one hundred and rwenry years of this well planned and r:xtrelllel}' valuable which have elapsed since icol's book work. Ir was primed in Glasgow: this appeared, rhe body of geological kno\\ l­ like:ly accounrs for the modest price. If edge has becollle so great char ir i:, vinually printed in rhe Unired rates. ir would be impossible for one person ro wrire ;1 lOlll- 1 xpens1ve.