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Catalog of Species-Group Names of Recent and Fossil Scaphopoda (Mollusca)

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Catalog of Species-Group Names of Recent and Fossil Scaphopoda (Mollusca) Catalog of species-group names of Recent and fossil Scaphopoda (Mollusca) Gerhard STEINER Institute of Zoology, University of Vienna, Althanstr. 14, A-1090 Vienna (Austria) [email protected] Alan R. KABAT Formerly Dpt of Invertebrate Zoology (Mollusks), National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, D.C. 20560 (USA) Present address: 2401 Calvert Street, Washington, D.C. 20008-2669 (USA) [email protected] Steiner G. & Kabat A. R. 2004. — Catalog of species-group names of Recent and fossil Scaphopoda (Mollusca). Zoosystema 26 (4) : 549-726. ABSTRACT This catalog lists names of Recent and fossil species-group taxa of the mollus- can class Scaphopoda. Of a total of 1965 entries, 517 are attributed to valid Recent taxa, 816 to valid fossil taxa, 543 are invalid names, and 89 were sub- sequently excluded from the Scaphopoda. The authorship and complete bib- liographic references are provided for each name. The original and current generic allocation, type locality, and type material depositories, as far as avail- able, are provided. Synonyms, geographic distributions, and bathymetric ranges are provided for Recent taxa. Cross references to junior synonyms are based upon published opinions. Eight species taxa are newly synonymized herein: Dentalium tessellatum is a junior synonym of Entalinopsis habutae; Dentalium caudani is a junior synonym of Fissidentalium candidum; F. ergas- ticum, F. milneedwardsi, and F. scamnatum are junior synonyms of F. capillo- sum; F. exuberans is a junior synonym of F. paucicostatum; and Cadulus halius is a junior synonym of C. podagrinus. Three subspecific taxa are synonymized with the respective nominate species: Antalis cerata tenax, Polyschides rushii arne, and Gadila agassizii hatterasensis. Further, eight new generic combi- nations are proposed: Paradentalium americanum n. comb., Coccodentalium cancellatum n. comb., Fissidentalium peruvianum n. comb., Pulsellum teres KEY WORDS n. comb., Polyschides poculum n. comb., Polyschides foweyensis n. comb., Mollusca, Scaphopoda, Polyschides portoricensis n. comb., and Polyschides nitidus n. comb. Thirteen nomenclature. junior homonyms are renamed and listed in the appendix 1. ZOOSYSTEMA • 2004 • 26 (4) © Publications Scientifiques du Muséum national d’Histoire naturelle, Paris. www.zoosystema.com 549 Steiner G. & Kabat A. R. RÉSUMÉ Catalogue des noms du groupe-espèce de scaphopodes (Mollusca) récents et fossiles. Ce catalogue contient les noms des taxons récents et fossiles du groupe-espèce des mollusques de la classe des Scaphopoda. Sur un total de 1965 entrées, 517 concernent des taxons valides récents, 816 des taxons valides fossiles, 543 sont des noms invalides et 89 ont été subséquemment exclus des Scaphopoda. L’autorité et les références bibliographiques complètes sont indi- quées pour chaque nom. L’allocation générique originale et actuelle, la loca- lité type et le lieu de dépôt du matériel type sont indiqués autant que possible. Pour les taxons récents, les synonymes, distributions géographique et bathy- métrique sont indiqués. Les références croisées avec les synonymes plus récents sont basées sur les opinions publiées. Huit espèces sont nouvellement synonymisées dans ce travail : Dentalium tessellatum synonyme plus récent de Entalinopsis habutae ; Dentalium caudani synonyme plus récent de Fissidentalium candidum ; F. ergasticum, F. milneedwardsi et F. scamnatum synonymes plus récents de F. capillosum ; F. exuberans synonyme plus récent de F. paucicostatum ; et Cadulus halius synonyme plus récent de C. podagrinus. Trois taxons subspécifiques sont mis en synonymie avec les espèces nominales correspondantes : Antalis cerata tenax, Polyschides rushii arne et Gadila agassi- zii hatterasensis. De plus, huit nouvelles combinaisons génériques sont pro- posées : Paradentalium americanum n. comb., Coccodentalium cancellatum n. comb., Fissidentalium peruvianum n. comb., Pulsellum teres n. comb., MOTS CLÉS Polyschides poculum n. comb., Polyschides foweyensis n. comb., Polyschides Mollusca, Scaphopoda, portoricensis n. comb. et Polyschides nitidus n. comb. Treize homonymes plus nomenclature. récents sont renommés et listés en annexe 1. TABLE OF CONTENTS Introduction ............................................................................................................................ 551 List of species-group names ...................................................................................................... 557 Other taxa described as Scaphopoda ......................................................................................... 665 Acknowledgements .................................................................................................................. 669 References ................................................................................................................................ 669 Appendix 1: Rectification of nomenclature. Renaming of homonyms ...................................... 709 Appendix 2: Arguments for the taxonomic decisions ................................................................ 710 Appendix 3: Generic catalog of Recent species ......................................................................... 712 Appendix 4: Geological catalog of fossil species ........................................................................ 718 550 ZOOSYSTEMA • 2004 • 26 (4) Species-group names of Scaphopoda (Mollusca) INTRODUCTION 1897 or 1898). The paper by Pilsbry & Sharp in the Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences More than a century has passed since the funda- of Philadelphia for 1897, published on 18 January mental work of Pilsbry & Sharp (1897-1898), 1898, is cited as “1898a” herein. Pilsbry & Sharp which revised the molluscan class Scaphopoda on (1897-1898) renamed a number of junior a global scale. Since that work, many new Recent homonyms. Inexplicably, some of their new and fossil species have been described. The names are attributed to “Sharp and Pilsbry” [i.e. majority of new Recent taxa were described in Sharp & Pilsbry in Pilsbry & Sharp], while others monographic works based upon the Indo-Pacific are merely “Pilsbry & Sharp”. We do not know and Atlantic faunal regions. The nomenclatural the reason for this distinction. status of the fossil Scaphopoda is still complicat- The starting point for this catalog, as indeed for ed, although the rectifications of Emerson (1954) any systematic publication on the Scaphopoda, and Palmer (1974b) renamed many homonyms. was the monumental catalog of Pilsbry & Sharp The first author’s frustration with inaccurate esti- (1897-1898) which listed all the Recent and fos- mates of Recent species numbers (e.g., Shimek & sil names that they were able to find, from Steiner 1997: 719; Palmer & Steiner 1998: 431), Linnaeus through 1898. The relatively few confusing synonymies and homonyms, tedious names that they missed are mostly from publica- searches for type material and for specimens for tions that were not then regarded as valid, such anatomical studies, all prompted the preparation as the catalogs of Röding (1798) and Link of this compilation of species-level names with (1807), or from obscure European paleontologi- the relevant information. cal publications. We were able to identify some This catalog contains names of Recent and fossil of these omissions through Ruhoff (1979) and species-level taxa, i.e. species, subspecies and vari- Sherborn (1902; 1922-1933), and others eties, and subsequent publications of relevance, through reviewing the secondary literature. In known to us through August 2004. Primary addition, several general paleontological catalogs sources of information used herein, in addition to included additional overlooked names from that the Zoological Record, are the publications of time period, including the “Fossilium Catalogus” Pilsbry & Sharp (1897-1898), Boissevain (1906), (Diener 1926: 228-230; Kutassy 1940: 423-425) Henderson (1920), Cotton & Godfrey (1933, and the bibliography of North American Late 1940), Emerson (1952b, 1962), Habe (1963, Paleozoic mollusks (Yochelson & Saunders 1964), Chistikov (1982a-c, 1983), Scarabino 1967: 14-23). (1995), and Lamprell & Healy (1998). All refer- The compilation of names for the 20th century ences cited herein have been consulted, except for was more time consuming than might otherwise several obscure works that are marked in the bib- be expected. The Zoological Record proved to be liography as [not seen]. reasonably complete for the Recent taxa, but sig- Pilsbry & Sharp (1897-1898) remains the foun- nificantly less so for the paleontological literature, dation for all subsequent systematic research on a phenomenon that has been discussed elsewhere the Scaphopoda. Researchers have not consistently (Bouchet & Rocroi 1992, 1993; Edwards & used the correct publication dates for this work, Thorne 1993). We have reviewed the primary which was published over a two-year period. Accord- and secondary literature on the systematics of the ing to Vanatta (1927: 99), pages 1-80 were pub- Scaphopoda in an attempt to identify any addi- lished on May 11, 1897; pages 81-144 were tional publications that might contain new taxa. published on October 15, 1897; pages 145-224 Several monographs provide fairly comprehen- were published on May 3, 1898; and pages 225- sive bibliographies of publications on Recent taxa 280 and i-xxxii on December 7, 1898. Therefore, (Scarabino 1995: 372-379; Lamprell & Healy in the present catalog, all citations to Pilsbry & 1998: 177-182)
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