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Revision of Some of Girty's Invertebrate Fossils from the Fayetteville Shale (Mississippian) of Arkansas and Oklahoma Introduction by MACKENZIE GORDON, JR

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Revision of Some of Girty's Invertebrate Fossils from the Fayetteville Shale (Mississippian) of Arkansas and Oklahoma Introduction By MACKENZIE GORDON, JR. Corals By WILLIAM J. SANDO Pelecypods By JOHN POJETA, JR. Gastropods By ELLIS L. YOCHELSON Trilobites By MACKENZIE GORDON, JR. Ostracodes By I. G. SOHN GEOLOGICAL SURVEY PROFESSIONAL PAPER 606-A, B, C, D, E, F Papers illustrating and describing certain of G. H. Girty' s invertebrate fossils from the Fayetteville Shale UNITED STATES GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE, WASHINGTON : 1969 UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR WALTER J. HICKEL, Secretary GEOLOGICAL SURVEY William T. Pecora, Director Library of Congress catalog-card No. 70-650224 For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office Washing.ton, D.C. 20402 CONTENTS [The letters in parentheses preceding the titles are those used to designate the chapters] Page (A) Introduction, by Mackenzie Gordon, Jr _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1 (B) Corals, by William J. Sando__________________________________________________________________________________ 9 (C) Pelecypods, by John Pojeta, Jr _____ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 15 (D) Gastropods, by Ellis L. Yochelson----------------------------------------------------------------------------- 25 (E) Trilobites, by Mackenzie Gordon, Jr--------------------------------------~------------------------------------ 35 (F) Ostracodes, by I. G. Sohn _________________________________________ -.- ____________________________________ - _- -- 41 III - Revision of Some of Girty's Invertebrate Fossils from the Fayetteville Shale (Mississippian) of Arkansas and Oklahoma-Introduction By MACKENZIE GORDON, JR. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY PROFESSIONAL PAPER 606-A Collecting localities and biostratigraphic background for G. H. Girty 's new species of invertebrates /rom the Fayetteville Shale CONTENTS Page Page Abstract .......................................... 1 Collecting localities................................. 3 Previous investigations ............................. 1 New species of invertebrate fossils from the Fayetteville Present study ..................................... 1 Shale other than those of Girty (1910)...... 5 Acknowledgments .................................. 2 Biostratigraphic considerations. 6 Types ............................................ 2 References cited . 6 Fayetteville Shale .................................. 2 Index............................................. 57 ILLUSTRATION PLATE 9. Map showing collecting localities for Girty's Fayetteville Shale fauna in northeastern Oklahoma and northwestern Arkansas ____________ In p·ocket. III REVISION OF SOME OF GIRTY'S INVERTEBRATE FOSSILS FROM THE FAYETTEVILLE SHALE (MISSISSIPPIAN) OF ARKANSAS AND OKLAHOMA-INTRODUCTION By MAcKENZIE GoRDoN, Jn. ABSTRACT Girty's 1910 paper described a large number of bryo­ J.n 1910, G. H. Girty published a paper on the fauna of the zoans, including eight new genera and subgenera. Bass­ Fayetteville Shale of northern Arkansas and northeastern ler (1941) published a short paper giving diagnoses of Oklahoma in which he described 110 new taxa of fossil inverte­ essential characters of all eight generic taxa, accom­ brates. He did not, however, designate any type specimens or divulge the localities at which •the fossils were collected, nor did panied by drawings made from Girty's thin sections. He he illustrate the species. The present study is designed to fill the cited the provenance for all of them merely as "Fayette­ gaps in information on some of these species and to bring them ville Shale. Vicinity of Fayetteville, Ark." as far as possible up to date and in line with the modern scheme of classification. PRESENT STUDY This report deals with the corals, pelecypods, _gastropods, trilobites, and ostracodes. It does not include the brachiopods The present study of Girty's material has been un­ and bryozoans. The study has been performed by specialists dertaken in order that illustrations of his types and of the U.S. Geological Survey who are contributing separate locality information omitted by him in the 1910 paper parts to the volume. This introductory part outlines the 'problem and the solutions be made available to the paleontologic profession and employed, lists Girty's collecting localities, and discusses the to the public in general. In addition, the selection of general stratigraphy of the Fayetteville Shale. Thirty-three of lectotypes by specialists in the several fossil groups Girty's collections came from the basal part of the formation, serves to establish Girty's species on a firmer basis and known by its ammonoid fauna to be of late Visean age. Two document the type localities where topotypes may be collections came from higher levels, one of them certainly from early Namurian equivalents. Three other collections that in­ secured. cluded important elements of Girty's type material are from the A breakdown of the 110 new taxa described by Girty Batesville Sandstone. from the Fayetteville Shale is shown in the following table. PREVIOUS INVESTIGATIONS New New New New In 1910, G. H. Girty published the first of several genera subgenera species varieties Totals Coraffi ___________________________ papers on the Late Mississippian ·faunas of northern 2 1 3 Bryozoans _______ Arkansas. In his paper in the Annals of the New York 4 4 24 11 43 Brachiopods ______________ 1 9 14 24 Academy of Sciences he described 110 new taxa of fossils Pelecypods..: ______________________ 19 19 Gastropods ______________________ -------- from the Fayetteville Shale. Unfortunately, he pub­ 7 -------- 7 lished no illustrations to accompany his descriptions, Ostracodes _______ 2 -------- 7 4 13 Trilobites ____________________ -_-_ nor did he include any inform·ation as to the fossil local­ 1 -------- 1 Totaffi _____ 6 5 69 30 110 ities from which his specimens were collected. Apparent­ ly, he intended to publish a more comprehensive In this tabulation, what Girty regarded both as new treatment of the Fayetteville Shale fauna at a later date, genera and subgenera are considered genera by modern as he did of the Wewoka fauna several years l31ter workers. The species, with the main exception of one (Girty, 1915b). Indeed, he prepared, with a few excep­ that is synonymous with another of his species, are still tions, figures and descriptions of the entire fauna of the regarded as valid. His varieties fall into several cate­ Fayetteville Shale, including those species he did notre­ gories. Although varieties are not considered to be taxa gard as new. But for reasons not known, Girty never that require fonnal names under the present Interna­ managed to complete the Fayetteville manuscript. He tional Code of Zoological Nomenclature, nevertheless, illustrated many of his Fayetteville Shale species in because Girty's names were published before 1961, they papers on the Moorefield Shale (Girty, 1911) and the can be use if the taxa are now regarded as valid species Batesvi1le Sandstone (Girty, 1915a), but not from the or subspecies. Of Girty's "varieties," therefore, in the original specimens.· present report, part are regarded as species in their own 1 2 REVISION OF SOME OF· GIRTY'S INVERTEBRATE FOSSILS right, part as subspecies, and part as not sufficiently to show external form and then make a series of cross differentiated from earlier species to merit recognition. sections using peel techniques. In the ostracodes : inade­ In this joint report, the corals were studied by Wil­ quate preservation of some of Girty's specimens has liam J. Sando, the pelecypods by John Pojetta, Jr., the made it necessary for Sohn to seek new material by gastropods by Ellis L. Y ochelson, the trilobites by crushing the excess rock matrix of Girty's collections. Mackenzie Gordon, Jr., and the ostracodes by I. G. Some of these topotypes a.re better preserved than the Sohn. primary types. Not included in the present report are the brachiopods Each author has worked out these problems one by . and bryozoans, which constituted about three-fifths of one as they presented themselves, with the idea of Girty's new taxa from the Fayetteville Shale. A study fitting each species into the framework of present day of the brachiopods has been begun by Mackenzie Gordon classification. This is the intent and purpose of the Jr. and will be published separately. Little likelihood present report. exists for publishing redescriptions and illustrations of the bryozoans in the near future. These present special FAYETTEVILLE SHALE difficulties. The thickness and relative poor condition of The Fayetteville Shale, named by Simonds ( 1891, p. Girty's thin sections precludes their use for adequately 42-48) for exposures at Fayetteville, Ark., is the most illustrating Girty's genera and species. Nor is it possible widely exposed of the forma.tions of Late Mississippian to remount and regrind these sections. New sections must (Chester) age in the Ozark Plateaus. From its eastern­ be cut, perhaps in part from new material collected from most exposure at the edge of the Mississippi River em­ Girty's localities. bayment near the settlement of Oil Trough, Independ­ ence County, Ark., it extends westward along the Boston ACKNOWLEDGMENTS Mountain escarpment and across northwest Arkansas We are indebted to Prof. J. H. Quinn of the Univer­ almost continuously, with many outliers and inliers, sity of Arkansas whose convincing arguments as to the into Oklahoma. In northeastern Oklahoma the Fayette­ need for such a paper a..~ this provided the ini.tial motiva­ ville Shale is exposed in a great C-shaped band of out­ tion for this study. crop in the Wyandotte, Pryor, Vinita, Tahlequah, and TYPES Muskogee 30-minute quadrangles, somewhat augmented because of repetition by en echelon faulting in the As Girty designated no ·types and, in fact, divulged Tahlequah and Muskogee quadrangles.
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    Palaeontologia Electronica http://palaeo-electronica.org DISCRIMINATION OF FENESTRATE BRYOZOAN GENERA IN MORPHOSPACE Steven J. Hageman and Frank K. McKinney ABSTRACT Concepts for generic diagnoses and discrimination of biserial fenestrate Bryozoa (Fenestellidae) have varied historically, but have largely been based on specialized colony forms (e.g., Archimedes), the shape and budding arrangement of chambers and other internal skeletal features such as hemisepta, and occasionally on the pres- ence or absence of discrete characters, such as placement of nodes on the frontal sur- face (e.g., Minilya). The question remains as to whether biserial fenestrate genera represent real biological clades, or whether they are convenient groupings of morpho- types based on untested characters. This study evaluates the distribution of 1075 operational taxonomic units (OTUs) from 15 fenestrate genera with measurements for nine morphometric characters – external features are not emphasized in most generic diagnoses. Here, each OTU represents a composite or idealized individual from a col- ony. Results show that OTUs plotted in principal component space do largely form coherent clusters based on a priori generic assignments. Thus the groupings based on characters other than the ones used to originally define them, add support to the notion of biological significance for recognized genera. The exceptions actually highlight and help resolve known issues. Therefore, we recognize Alternifenestella as a junior syn- onym of the genus Spinofenestella, and propose reassignment of Laxifenestella serrat- ula in Snyder (1991) to Fenestella serratula, and Fenestella sp. 1 in Ernst and Schroeder (2007) as Rectifenestella. We do not advocate that biserial fenestrate generic concepts should be based on the nine external characters used in this study, but rather that they can be used independently to evaluate the coherence of genera based on other discrete characters.