OLIVINAE (MOLLUSCA:GASTROPODA) FROM THE OF NORTHWESTERN FLORIDA PAULE. DREZ UNIVERSITY OF NORTH CAROLINA • CHAPEL HILL, NORTH CAROLINA

CONTENTS Page I. ABSTRACT ...... ························· • · ~~ II. INTRODUCTION ...... 105 III. ACKNOWLEDGME.NTS .. ... 106 Iv. sYsTEMATic DEscRIPTioN-s· ...... 107 V. LOCALITYDATA VI. LITERATURE ... 120 CITED: ...... 121

ILLUSTRATIONS PLATE 1 Ill PLATE2 117

I. ABSTRACT included by Dall in his monumental work on The subfamily Olivinae encompasses six the Tertiary of Florida and adjacent species and one subspecies in the Alum areas. The two forms, 0. liodes and 0. Bluff Group (lower to middle Miocene) of (Omogymna) martensii, were figured (1903, northwestern Florida. Of these, three pl. 58, figs. I and 4) and listed in his faunal species and one subspecies previously de­ list (ibid., p. 1576) but were not described. scribed are reviewed. The subspecies is Later, Gardner (1937) described Dall's two raised to specific rank, and two of the three species and added a new subspecies of 0. species receive a new subgeneric or generic liodes from the Shoal River Formation 0 assignment. Two new species are de­ liodes waltoniana. ' . scribed: Oliva blowi, from the Chipola and More recent collections have provided an Oak Grove faunas, and Oliva vokesorum, abundance of olivid specimens for study, from the Chipola only. A new subspecies, particularly from the . Oliva waltaniana calhounensis, is named The author had over 4600 specimens avail­ from the Chipola and Oak Grove units. able (Chipola-4515, Oak Grove-7 Shoal Thus, there is a total of five species of Oliva River-167), as compared to 390 sp~cimens in the Chipola Formation, four of which also for Gardner (Chipola-28, Oak Grove-21 , occur in the Oak Grove Sand. One species Shoal River-341). Gardner's greater per­ of Oliva is confmed to the Shoal River For­ centage of specimens from the Shoal River mation, and one specime n of a second spe­ Formation and the Oak Grove Sand (which cies has been collected there. The genus is probably a facies of the Chipola Forma­ Jaspidella is limited to a single species in the tion) was due in part to her collections from Chipola Formation. many localities that have eluded subse­ quent workers. II. INTRODUCTION Dall and Gardner failed to notice, on their Only two species of Oliva from the Alum specimens of 0. liodes, the minute de­ Bluff Group of northwestern Florida were pressed posterior band that is characteristic of the subgenus Omogymna. Other speci­ mens of this species often show a slightly *Present address: Exxon Production Research wider band (:': 1.2 mm), which occasionally Company, Houston, Texas is visible to the unaided eye. Oliva

EDITORIAL COMMITTEE FOR TillS PAPER: A. MYRA KEEN, Department of Geology, Stanford University (Emeritus), Stanford, California AXEL A. OLSSON, Coral Gables, Florida DRUID WILSON, United States Geological Survey, Washington, D.C. 105 106 Tulane Studies in Geology and Paleontology Vol.16

(Omogymna) martensii is another member most characteristics but with a narrow de­ of this subgenus in the Alum Bluff Group. pressed posterior band on the whorls. The Chipola and Oak Grove faunas repre· The genus Jaspidella is represented by sent the only known occurrence for the small Olivella-like species, with a large, ob­ presence of two species of Omogymna in the tuse nucleus on a high spire. The parietal western Atlantic. Oliva liodes waltoniana is wall usually lacks any callus above the col­ here raised to specific rank due to different umella folds. Jaspidella may have evolved subgeneric assignments for 0. liodes and 0. out of small Agaronia-like forms, making its waltoniana. Olivella cofacorys Gardner first appearance in the Oligocene of Florida was recognized by Olsson (1956, p. 212) to be (Suwannee Limestone), as "Olivella" live­ a member of the Olivinae genusJaspidella. oakensis (Mansfield, 1937, p. 96). Jaspidella The subfamily Olivinae apparently e­ has a meager representation in the Tertiary volved from Agaronia-like forms during the of the western Atlantic, and is now repre­ Jacksonian-Vicksburgian Stages (upper sented by three known Recent species. Eocene-middle Oligocene), first as the Today, olives are carnivorous gastropods genus Strephonella. * Oliva s.s. and that inhabit sandy bottoms in temperate to Omogymna made their first appearance in tropical seas. They generally prefer shallow the late Oligocene and lower Miocene, to intertidal areas, but some species are thereafter rapidly diversifying and multi­ known to occur rarely at much greater plying. Oliva s.s. reached its greatest de­ depths (Zeigler and Porreca, 1969, p. 69). velopment during the late Miocene to mid­ The members of the subfamily Olivinae dle Pliocene in the western Atlantic and is often show considerable variation within a now represented by only four known species. This is particularly true of some species in this area. Omogymna reached its species from the Alum Bluff Group. Be­ greatest development in the lower Miocene cause of the large number of specimens and decreased in diversity and numbers available for this study, many variations thereafter. The last known occurrence of have been shown to occur within a species, this genus in the western Atlantic is the mid­ which might have resulted in overnaming dle Pliocene Agueguexquite Formation of with fewer specimens. Mexico (see Akers, 1972, p. 30; 1974, p. 120). The author had found as constant criteria Oliva s.s. is characterized by a medium­ for differentiation of species within a genus sized to large shell, ovate-cylindrical to cy­ or subgenus: the number and shape of the lindrical in outline, with a low to medium nuclear whorls and the nature of the first spire, and teleoconch whorls separated by a teleoconch whorl; the width and depth of distinct channeled suture that usually has a the suture; the nature of the intrasutural border of callus. The last whorl generally callus; the overall nature of the slope of the conceals most of the preceeding whorls, spire (convex or concave). O-ther factors terminating in a smooth outer lip. The pari­ such as height of spire, number and etal callus is usually thick, with many weak strength of lirae and plications, degree of brae, stronger anteriorly. The columella is convexity or concavity of spire, extent of strong and heavy, with two or more oblique coverage of intrasutural callus, may be vari­ phcatwns around the base. The posterior able within a species. canal is notch-like, with the aperture widen­ mg anteriorly, ending in an emarginated III. ACKNOWLEDGMENTS siphonal canal. A very special note of gratitude goes to The subgenus Omogymna has a small to Drs. Harold E. and Emily H. Vokes, without medium-sized shell similar to Oliva s.s. in whose constant encouragement and advice this paper would not have been possible. Gratitude is also expressed to them for the *The earliest known olivid is a species of Streph­ excellent photographs and the loan of many one.lla, "Oliva" mississippiensis Conrad, 1847, specimens from the Tulane University col­ wh1ch was described from the Vicksburg Oligo­ cene. Subsequent workers have generally lections. A special thanks goes to Robert placed this species in the genus Agaronia. and the late Shirley Haerle, West Palm Palmer (in Harris and Palmer, 1947, p. 410, pl. Beach, Florida, and to Warren Blow, 63, figs. 17 -19) reported similar forms from the Washington, D.C., for the generous loan of Moody's Branch Marl, Jacksonian upper Eo­ specimens from their personal collections. ce ne, near Montgomery, Louisiana. The writer is also indebted to Thomas R. No.1 0/i<•inae.from Alum Blt\[f'Group 107

Walle r and Wende ll P. Woodring, of the some authors (Olsson and Harbison, 1953. U .S. National Museum, and Druid Wilson, p. 182; Weisbord, 1962, p. 362) have placed of the U.S. Geological Survey, for the loan the western Atlantic olives in the subgenus of comparative material. Ispidula Gray, 1847, with 0. ispidula (of Fina lly, the writer is deeply appreciative authors non Linneaus 1758) as the type of of the help and constructive criticisms of the the subgenus. Wenz (1 943, p. 1280) put e ditorial committee, who have added much Ispidula Gray, 1847, in synomony with to this pape r. Oliva Martyn, 1786. Olsson a nd Dance (1 966, p. 215-222) ex­ IV. SYSTEMATIC DESCRIPTIONS a mined the types of the three Linnean olives: Volu ta porphyria , Voluta oliva and Phylum MOLLUSCA Voluta ispidu la. Their fi ndings are sum­ Class GASTROPODA marize d below. The reader is referred to Subclass PROSOBRANCHIA the article for a more complete discussion. Order NEOGASTROPODA especia lly in reference to the d ifferentiation Superfamily VOLUTACEA of the true Linnean types. Family OLIVIDAE Swa inson, 1840 Volu ta oliva was found to be the type for Subfa mily OLIVINAE Swainson, 1840 the genus Oliva Bruguie re, by tautonomy Ge nus OLIVA Bruguie"e, 1789 and subsequent monotypy. The tray in the Subgenus OLIVA s.s. L innean collection with the name Voluta Oliva BRUGUIERE. 1789. Encycl. Meth. tVersl. oliva contained five specimens. Four un­ v. I. p. X V (genus w ithout named species). marked specimens in the tray were refer­ Type species: Voluta oliva Linnaeus (=0. is­ able to 0 . maura Lamarck and are assumed pid'Ula of authors, not of Linnaeus) by tautonomy to have been added to the collection after and m ono ty py. the dea th of Linneaus, but before it was Di scussion: In the past. there has been acquired by the Linnean Society. The one m uch confusion about the correct citation numbered specimen was identifi ed. upon for the a uthor of the genus Oliva. The re comparison with Oliva specimens in the a lso has been confusion over the type U.S. National Museum, as Oliva ispidula of species for the genus Oliva, as well as the many authors (non Linneaus. 1758l. Voluta correct subgenus for the modern species of ispidula Linneaus, 1758 was found to be Oliva of the western Atlantic and many of identical with Oliva plicaris Lamarck. 18 11. the re lated forms. which is a fossil species of A garonia from Olsson a nd Harbison (1953, p. 182) sum­ the Burdigali an Miocene of F rance. T hus. marized the situation we ll in their discus­ lspidula Gray. 1847. becomes a synonym of sion of the Oliva from the Florida Pliocene: AgaroniaGray, 1839. Olivamaura Lamarck .. Authorship of the genus Oliva has been was thought to be a synonym ofO. oliva. but credited Ma rtyn. 1786. B ruguiere. 1789. and to since 0 . oliva is now recoh111ized not to be Lamarck. 1799. Da ll accepted Martyn as author of the genus and selected Oliva corticarict synonymous w ith 0. ispidula. 0. maura Martyn (Q. incrassata Soland~r (angulata Lamarck, 181 1, becomes a valid species ( Lamarckl) in 1905 as type. This v1ew was also 0. vidau Roding, 17981 of the subgenus shared bv Woodring, 1928 and by Wenz, 1943. Carmione (Zeigler and Porreca. 1969. p. 83l. Martyn's "generic names are now. generally re­ jected since the author was not Lmnean, but as .he expressive ly state d , used his own syste~. N.o OuvA (0UVA)WAt.;t'ONlANA Gardner species was mentioned by B ruguiere. 1789 m h1s P late I, figs. I , 2 description of the gen us b ut it may be assumed Oliva liodessubsp. waltoniana GARDNER. 1937. that the name was derived from Linne·s Voluta U.S. Geol. Su1·v. Prof. Paper 142-F. p. :l79. pl. oliua. Lamarck. 1799. in the Prodrome men­ 46. figs. 2. 3. tioned but one species. the Voluta oliva Linne. Diagnosis: "Shell of only mode1·ate altitude but under his descriplion of Oliva. Thus Oliva oliva rather stout and heavy. External s urface smooth LinnC is the type of the genus through and ve ry brightly polished. Spire only a little less tautonomv. ·· than one-fifth the total altitude in the type hut less Ol sso~ and H a rbison recognized that than one-eighth in other individuals. Body whorl Oliva oliva was a composite species, includ­ smoothly rounded both posteriorly and anterior­ ing 0 . maura Lamarck in part. Oliva maura ly. the maximum diameter falling a little behind has a d e pressed spire a nd a raised and the median line. Whorls probably 9 in all in the thicke ned lip a t the suture. For this reason. adult, 5 of these included in the conch and 4 in the 108 Tulane Studies in Geology and Paleontology Vol.l6

rather small, obtusely rounded protoconch. Ini­ specimen of 0. cf. blowi. Gardner (1937, p. tial turn minute, rather inflated but almost en­ 379) described 0. waltoniana as a sub­ tirely submerged, the two succeeding volutions species of 0 . liodes, not realizing that 0 . broadly rounded and increasing rather rapidly liodes belonged to the subgenus Onwgym­ both in diameter and altitude; final whorl of the na. Because of this new assignment for 0. protoconch flattened laterally toward its close, liodes, as well as many other obvious differ­ increasing in altitude but scarcely at all in di­ to ameter. Boundary line between conch and pro­ ences, 0. waltoniana is here raised toconch very obscure, oblique, retractive, per­ specific rank. forming in the figured specimen about half a com­ As with the other species of Oliva from plete revolution, indicated by the more porcel­ the Alum Bluff Group, the four-whorled laneous texture of the conch, the increased flat­ nucleus sets it apart from most of its rela­ tening of the whorl, and the deepening of the tives. Except for the subspecies 0 . calhoun­ sutural channel. Concha! whorls of spire trape­ ensis, 0. waltoniana most clearly resembles zoidal in outline, the degree of obliquity varying 0. gatunensis Brown and Pilsbry from the with the height of the spire. Incremental striae Gatun Formation of Panama. Oliva gatu­ faint, least so toward the aperture. A polka­ dotted color pattern discernible in some individu­ nensis differs primarily in its three-whorled als. Sutural channel rather deep, undercutting nucleus, slightly convex spire, shallow nar­ the whorl behind it, partly concealed by the over­ row suture and weaker lirae fading rapidly hanging margin both of the whorl behind and the towards the posterior commissure. whorl in front of it. Aperture rather narrow, the margins approximately parallel throughout their OLIVA (0r..rvA) WALTONIANA CALHOUNENSJS posterior and medial extents. Labrum freebly Drez, n. subsp. constricted toward the suture but approximating Plate 1, figs. 3, 4 the vertical, broadly and smoothly rounding into the siphonal notch in front. Parietal wall quite Diagnosis: Shell of medium size, relatively heavily corrugated except in the immediate en­ thin, body whorl smoothly rounded at both ends, virons of the posterior commissure, 8 rugae be­ slightly inflated, maximum diameter a little pos­ hind the heavy pillar callus, increasingly heavier, terior to the mid-line. Eight to nine whorls in broader, and more cuneiform in outline anterior­ adult specimens, including a 41fl-whorl naticoid ly. Pillar reinforced near the base by 4 sharply nucleus; spire about one-fifth of the total height; overlapping folds of callus, terminating in heavy straight to slightly convex in outline. First nuclear parietal rugae, the anterior the thinnest and the whorl minute, partially submerged, the following most clearly defined, obliquely directed toward whorl increasing equally in width and height. the siphonal notch but evanescing before reach­ The third and fourth whorls increasing rapidly in ing it. A thinner wash spread across the base of height, the last higher than the sum of the preced­ the body, originating at a point about two-thirds ing whorls. The transition from nuclear to tele­ of the distance from the posterior commissure to oconch whorls occurring over one-half of a volu­ the anterior extremity and evanescing a short tion, as a band of lighter-colored teleoconch distance back from the outer margin of the material rises and overtakes the nuclear whorl, siphonal notch, which it parallels through about with a lateral flattening and deepening of the half its extent. Siphonal notch only moderately suture. A ribbon of callus on early post-nuclear deep and rather narrow. obliquely directed, its whorls reaching up to the posterior edge of the margins not quite parallel.'' (Gardner, 1937) preceding volution, gradually thickening and de­ Dimensions of holotype: height 29.3 mm, diam­ scending on later whorls until it occupies one-half eter 13.4 mm. to one-third of the lower visible portion of the Holotype: USNM 351282. penultimate whorl. Suture deeply channeled, Type locality: USGS 3856, 6 miles west north­ narrow, with an overhanging ribbon of callus. west of Mossy head, Walton County, Florida (= Aperture narrow at the posterior end, widening TU69). upwards toward the anterior, and slightly flar­ Occurrence: Shoal River Formation, Florida: ing. Outer lip smooth, gently retracting toward middle Miocene. the posterior commissure. A darker-colored Figured specimen: Fig. I , USNM 247885: band bordering the outside of the convex lip, height25.5mm, diameter 11 .7mm. Fig. 2, USNM widening anteriorly and continuing around to the 247886: height 4. 7 mm, diameter 2.4 mm: locality siphonal canal notch. Parietal callus smooth and of both TU 69a. Other occurrences: TU locality heavy at the posterior cormnissure, thinning in no. 69. front of the cormnissure, thickening again anteri­ orly, with the callus intersecting the siphonal Discussion: Oliva waltoniana is a fasciolar band about halfway to the anterior e nd, common member of the Shoal River fauna, the band widening as it cuts obliquely across the representing the total olivid fauna from the columella toward the siphonal notch, evanescing Shoal River Formation, except for a single upon reaching it. Eight to ten single sharp lirae on No.3 OlivinaefromAlumBluffGroup 109 the parietal wall ending abruptly about one-fifth one-fourth of the total height, slightly to strongly of the way to the posterior commissure, with two convex in outline. First nuclear whorl small, par­ or three heavy lirae on the plications. Four to five tially submerged, the following whorl increasing plications on the base of the columella, stronger equally in width and height. The third whorl posteriorly, disappearing before reaching the greatly expanded, increasing slightly more in siphonal notch. Siphonal notch moderately deep, height than width; the fourth whorl increasing in wide, obliquely directed, with non-parallel height but only slightly in width. The transition to margins. teleoconch whorls obscure, characterized by a Dimensions ofholotype: height 31.1 mm, diam­ rapid vertical flattening of the fourth nuclear eter 14.0 mm. whorl and deepening of the suture. The first tele­ Holotype: USNM247887. oconch whorl nearly vertical in outline, with a Paratype: USNM 247888; height 9.0 mm, di­ tendency to lateral flattening toward the end of ameter3.0mm. the first volution. A ribbon of callus, straight to Type locality: USGS 10971 , Turtle Lake Bluff, convex in outline, on the early post-nuclear about 150 yards above the mouth of Fourmile whorls bordering the posterior edge of the pre­ Creek, Chipola River, Calhoun Cormty, Florida ceding volution, the callus gradually thickening [not located). and descending on later whorls, occupying be­ Occurrence: Chipola Formation, Florida; late tween one-third to nine-tenths of the penultimate lower Miocene. Oak Grove Sand, Florida;(?) late whorl, depending upon the height of the spire. lower Miocene. Suture deeply channeled, narrow, with an over­ Figured specimens: Fig. 3, USNM 247887 (halo­ hanging ribbon of callus. Aperture narrow at type). Fig. 4, USNM 247888 (paratype); locality posterior commissure, gradually widening anter­ same as holotype. iorly. The outer lip nearly vertical, slightly retrac­ tive at the posterior commissure. A wide, de­ The specimens of 0. Discussion: calhoun­ pressed porcelaneous band present in juvenile ensis were obtained from a lot in the U. S. specimens, occupying the posterior one-third of National Museum collected by Mansfield in the body whorl, the band rapidly narrowing dur­ 1938, after the Oliva part of Gardner's ing the latter part of the third teleoconch whorl U.S.G.S. Prof. Paper 142 had been pub­ and completely disappearing in one-half of a lished. Attempts by subsequent collectors volution. The extent of parietal c.:allus varying to fmd the locality have proved unsuc­ considerably, usually heavy, with eight to 15 cessful. irregular lirae of shorter length posteriorly. The There is one adult specimen with a callus fading about three-fourths of the way to the posterior commissure, being barely discernible crushed spire in Gardner's collection from above the lirae. Four to five plications on the base the Oak Grove fauna (USGS 2646), which is of the columella, stronger posteriorly, evanesc­ referable to 0. calhounensis. All the diag­ ing before reaching the siphonal notch. The nostic characteristics are present, except siphonal fasciolar band intersecting the parietal for a defective nucleus. callus on the columella about half-way up the Oliva calhounensis differs from 0 walton­ aperture, widening as it cuts obliquely across the iana s.s. by its consistently higher spire, less columella toward the siphonal notch, fading inflated outline near the posterior end, thin­ around the notch. Siphonal notch moderately ner shell, and more exserted nuclear deep, sides slightly flaring. Dimensions of holotype: height 34.8 mm, diam­ whorls. Lirae and plications on the colu­ eter 14.8 mm. mella are generally more callused on 0. Holotype: USNM247889. calhounensis. Paratype A: USNM 247890; height 11.4 mm, diameter 5.4 mm. Paratype B: USNM 247891; height 27.2 mm, OLIVA (OLIVA?)BLOWI Drez, n. sp. diameter 11.9 mm. Plate 1, figs. 5, 6, 7 Type locality: TU 459, east bank of Chipola "Oliva, near reticulaTis Lamarck." DALL, 1903, River, steep bank about 1500 feet above the Wagner Free Inst. Sci., Trans., v. 3, pt. 6, p. mouth of Taylor Lake Branch (NW 114 Sec. 29, 1590. TIN, R9W), Calhoun County, Florida. Oliva cylindrica Sowerby. DALL, 1903, Wagner Occurrence: Chipola Formation, Florida; late Free Inst. Sci., Trans., v. 3, pt. 6, p. 1590 (not lower Miocene. Oak Grove Sand, Florida;(?) late ofSowerby). lower Miocene. Diagnosis: Shell of medium size, thick and Figured specimens: Fig. 5, USNM 247889 (halo­ heavy, subcylindrical in outline, with the peri~h­ type). Fig. 6, USNM 247890 (paratype A); locality ery about one-third of the way from the postenor same as holotype. Fig. 7, USNM 247891 (para­ commissure. Nine to ten whorls in adult speci­ type B); locality TU 555. Other occurrences: TU mens, including a small papillary four-whorl locality nos. 70, 457, 458, 546, 549, 554, 821, 825, nucleus; spire varying between one-eighth to 830, 951, 998, 1098. 11 0 Tulane Studies in Geology and Paleontology Vol. 16

Discussion: One juvenile specimen shows the specimens show an average amount of the wide posterior band over one complete variation but retain the moderately high whorl before fading away totally in less than spire, heavy parietal callus and the heavy one-half of a volution. The juvenile speci­ stout lirae that gradually shorten and evan­ mens seem to indicate an Omogymna as­ esce posteriorly. As one moves down­ signment, but since this characteristic band stream on the Chipola River (higher strati­ is only present in extremely small individu­ graphically), the spire has a tendency to a ls, not in adult forms, an assignment of decrease in height, the ribbon of callus oc­ Oliva s.s. seem s best at this time. cupying almost all of the penultimate whorl; Because of this unusual juvenile charac­ thus the shell subsequently assumes a more teristic of 0. blowi, a question arises as to cylindrical outline. The lirae also tend to the relationship between Oliva s.s. and become fewer in number and more evenly Omogymna. This occurrence of a juvenile spaced, with a lighter covering of parietal Omogymna-like band in 0. blowi records an callus. apparent evolutionary trend that led to the Gardner mentions that she had speci­ divergence of Oliva s.s. and Omogymna. mens of 0. "liodes" from four localities in Perhaps Omogymna is the a ncestral form the Oak Grove: USGS 2646, 5631,2652, 7055. from which Oliva s.s. evolved, or possibly In the U.S.N.M. collections the author Oliva s.s. and Omogymna dive rged from a could only fmd specimens of olives from a common ancestor. Only careful examina­ single loca lity, USGS 2646 (Oak Grove, tion of many fossil and Recent species of Yellow River, Okaloosa County, Florida). both subgenera, including the anatomical One lot contains two specimens referable to parts responsible for the posterior band, 0. blowi. One is a small, high-spired indi­ will reveal the evolutionary line. vidual; the second specimen is large, low­ Oliva blowi is the only Alum Bluff Group spired, subcylindrical, and similar to the olivid that shows great variation. Along Ten figured specimen from TU 555 (fig. 7). The Mile Creek and F a rley Cree k localities, as high-spired individual is probably Dall's well as the lower beds on the Chipola Rive r, "Oliva, near reticulaTis Lamarck," and the

PLATE 1 Figures Page I. 2. Oliva (Oliva) waltoniana Gardner ...... 107 I. I X 21 USNM 247885: height25.5 mm, diameter II. 7 mm. Locality: TU 69a, Shoal River Formation. 2. I x I 0) USNM 247886: he ight 4. 7 mm, diameter 2.4 mm. Locality: TU 69a, Shoal R iver Formation. 3. 4. Oliva !Oliva) waltoniana calhounensis Drez, n. subsp. 108 3. (X 2) USNM 247887 lholotypel: height 3 1.1 mm. diameter 14.0 mm. Locality: USGS 10971. Chipola Formation. 4. IX 10) USNM 247888iparatypel: height 9.0 mm. diameter3.0 mm. Locality: USGS 10971. Chipola Formation. 5-7. Oliva !Oliva?) blowi Drez. n. sp. 109 5. t X 21 USNM 247889 iholotypel: height 34.8 mm. diameter 14.8 m m. Locality: TU 459. Chipola F ormation. 6. I X 101 USNM 247890 (para type A I: he ight 11.4 mm. diameter 5.4 mm. Locality: '::'U 459. Chipola Forma tion. 7. I x 21 USNM 247891 1paratype Bl: height 27.2 mm. diameter 11 .9 mm. Loca lity: TU 555. Chipola F ormation. 8. Oliva (Oliva?) cf. 0. blowi Drez 112 I X 21 USNM 247892: height29.4 mm. diameter 12.8 mm. Locali ty: TU 69a. Shoal River Form<. tion. 9. 10. Oliva (Oliva?) vokesorum. Drez. n. sp. 9. 121 USNM 24789~ lholotypel: height :J2.3 mm. dia me ter 12.4 mm. Locality: TU 951. Chipola Formation. 10. I X 21 USNM 247894 lparatypel: height 27 . ~ mm. diameter 10.8 mm. Locality: TU 951. Chipola Fonnation. No. :l Olivi11ae.from Alum Blu.[[Group Ill

4

PLATE 1 112 Tulane Studies in Geology and Paleontology Vol. 16

low-spired specimen the one he cited as missure, thickening rapidly anteriorly. Siphonal "Oliva cylindrica Sowerby" (1903, p. 1590). fascicle intersecting the callus about the median Oliva blowi most closely resembles an un­ line of the columella, widening gradually as it cuts obliquely across the columella and fading described species of Oliva that occurs in the around the siphonal notch. Eight single narrow "Silverdale beds" (early lower Miocene, lirae on the parietal callus, evanescing rapidly North Carolina). This is the species that posteriorly. Two equally strong plications on the Kellum (1926, p. 41) and Richards (1943, p. base of the columella, d isappearing in the si­ 525) referred to 0. posti Dall, originally de­ phonal fasciole. Siphonal notch deep and nar­ scribed from the Tampa Limestone (early row, m argins parallel. lower Miocene) of Florida (Dall, 1915, p. 49). Occurrence: Shoal River Formation, Florida; This Silverdale species has the general middle Miocene. characteristics of 0. blowi, but the de­ Figured specimen: USNM 247892; height 29.4 pressed posterior band does not disappear mm, diameter 12.8 mm; locality TU 69a. until the last adult whorl (fifth teleoconch). Discussion: It is unfortunate that the sole It also has a more slender outline, without specimen of this interesting form available the posterior bulge on the body whorl, a for study should have a defective nucleus. wider fasciolar band, and many fme lirae The extremely high spire, the strongly con­ near the posterior commissure on the col­ vex final whorl tapering at both extremities umella. The undescribed species also lacks and the two strong plications make this a the nearly vertical first post-nuclear whorl distinctive form. Although the figured spec­ so characteristic of 0. blowi. The presence imens of 0. blowi are generally low-spired, of this undescribed Silverdale olivid spe­ a few high-spired individuals of 0. blowi cies, which shows the same evanescing de­ from the Chipola Formation bear a close pressed posterior band as 0. blowi on the resemblance to the Shoal River specimen. adult body whorl, provides additional evo­ The lack of a nucleus and part of the tele­ lutionary evidence as mentioned earlier for oconch whorls makes a definite assignment the divergence of Oliva s.s. and Omogymna. impossible at this time. This form seems to Oliva blowi can be easily separated from be the Shoal River equivalent of the Chipola its probable descendants, 0. reticularis species, 0. blowi, if not identical to it. Lamarck, 0. reticularis trochala Woodring, and 0. cylindrica Sowerby, by its four­ OLIVA (0LrvA?)VOKESORUM Drez n. sp. whorled nucleus and nearly vertical first Plate 1, figs. 9, llf teleoconch whorl. Diagnosis: Shell of medium size, subcylindri­ This species is named for Warren C. cal to cylindrical in outline, the maximum diam­ Blow, U.S. National Museum, the one eter falling about one-sixth of the distance from person most responsible for the writer's in­ the posterior suture. Nine to ten whorls in adult terest in paleontology. specimens, including a four-whorl naticoid nucleus; a generally low conic spire varying OLIVA cf. 0 . BLOW! Drez between one-fourth to one-fifth of total height, Plate 1, fig. 8 straight to slightly concave in outline. Initial nu­ clear whorl minute, partially submerged, the fol­ Diagnosis: A high-spired, thick and heavy, lowing whorl increasing slightly in diameter but subcylindrical shell, with the maximum diameter almost totally submerged in the third nuclear approximating the median. The spire occupying whorl. Third and. fourth whorls continuing to in­ about one-third of the total height, feebly convex crease slightly in width, but more rapidly in in outline, convexity increasing on the body height, the transition to the teleoconch whorls whorl. Nuclear whorls lost; 5lh teleoconch occurring rather abruptly over one-fourth of a whorls in the adult. Early teleoconch whorls with whorl, characterized by a rapid lateral flattening a ribbon of callus approaching the posterior edge with a deepening and widening of the suture. of the preceeding volution, gradually thickening Teleoconch whorls with a ribbon of callus, flat in and descending on later whorls, occupying two­ outline and approaching the preceding suture, thirds of the penultimate whorl just behind the completely covering the intrasutural area ofea ch outer lip. Suture deeply channelled, narrow, spire shorl. Suture deep and wide, with a small with a small overhanging ribbon of callus at­ overhanging ribbon of callus. Aperture generally tached to the preceding whorl. Aperture mod­ narrow, widening gradually...anteriorly. Outer lip erate ly wide at the anterior end, rapidly narrow­ vertical in outline, abruptly rounded at the pos­ ing toward the posterior commissure. Outer lip terior commissure. Parietal callus almost com­ smooth, thick and vertical. Parietal callus gener­ pletely absent; six to nine strong single lirae on ally heavy, but thinner near the posterior com- the columella, weaker posteriorly, ending one- No.3 Olivinaefrom Alum BluffGmup 113 fifth of the way from the posterior commissure. in which 0. blawi loses its depressed pos­ Siphonal fascicle originating slightly less than terior band. As with 0. blawi, there remains half way from the posterior commissure, widen­ some doubt about an Oliva s.s. assignment ing rapidly as it cuts obliquely across the columel­ for this species. For a more complete dis­ l.a and evanescing around the siphonal notch. One strong plication on the columella base, with cussion of the possible implications see 0. three minor plications anteriorly, becoming blawi (above). weaker with maturity. Siphonal notch deep and 0. vokesorum is named for Drs. Harold E. narrow, with subparallel sides. and Emily H. Vokes, without whose help Dimensions of holotype: height 32.3 mm, diam­ this paper would have never been written. eter 12.4 mm. Holotype: USNM 247893. Subgenus OMOGYMNA Von Martens, Paratype: USNM 247894; height 27.3 mm; di­ 1897 ameter 10.8 mrn. Omogymrw. VON MARTENS, 1897, Concholo­ Type locality: TU 951, Ten Mile Creek, about gische Miscellen II, p. 157. llh miles west of Chipola River (SE % Sec. 12, Type species: Oliva pa.xillus Reeve, by TIN, RIOW), Calhoun County, Florida. monotypy. Occurrence: Chipola Formation, Florida; late lower Miocene. "Unterabtheilung der Gattung Oliva, dadurch Figured specimen: Fig. 9, USNM 247893 (halo­ charakterisirt, class die ausserste (letzte) Scha­ type). Fig. 10, USNM 247894 (paratype); locality lenschicht den letzten Umgang nicht in seiner same as holotype. Other occurrences: TU locality ganzen Ausdehnung einnirnmt, sodem nach nos. 70, 457, 546, 655, 830. oben mit einer scharf gezogenen schiefen Linie endigt, welche von der MUndungswand ausge­ Discussion: Oliva vokesorum is confmed hend, nach aussen mehr und mehr gegen die to Ten Mile Creek, except for one specimen Naht zu aufsteigt. Der oberste Theil der letzten from a Chipola River locality (TU 457), Umgangs entbehrt demgemciss der letzten Au­ which is just above the lower contact of the flagerung, die auf ihm befmdlichen Flecke sind Chipola Formation. In the Chipola fauna it daher schcirfer begrenzt und von etwas anderem is most easily confused with 0. liodes, espe­ dunklerem Farbenton, als auf den Ubrigen Theile der Schale. Die N ahtrinne ist sehr schmal, cially specimens of 0. liodes that are water­ kaum sichtbar; der sichtbare Theil der vorher­ worn, or that show only a microscopic pos­ gehenden Windung ist wie bei den normalen terior depressed band. In addition to the Oliven in siener unteren Hcilfte von einer wulsti­ obvious feature of the depressed posterior gen Auflagerung bedeckt. band on the whorls of 0. liodes, 0. voke­ Ob die Auflegerung, welche mit der shiefen sorum differs in its more cylindrical shape, Ebene endigt, vom Fuss oder vom Mantel gebil­ wider and deeper suture, general lack of det wird, lcisst sich nicht sagen, da die Weich­ parietal callus, one large plication (with theile noch nicht bekannt sind. Mantel oder Fuss dlirften aber voraussichtlich auch einen Unter­ three weaker plications anteriorly) on the schied von den normalen Oliven zeigen. columella, fewer and stronger lirae, trape­ Die schiefe Linie macht gewissermassen den zoidal-shaped callus between sutures, and Eindruck, als ob ein Kleindungsstllck von der narrow aperture. Schulter herabgleite, daher die Benennung. Sie Oliva vokesorum also resembles 0. steht nicht bei allen Exemplaren dersleben Art in sayana Ravenel, which is the dominant gleicher HOhe. olivid along the Atlantic and Gulf Coast Bis jetzt habe ich diese eigenthllmliche Bit­ today; the latter differs in having a three­ dung nur an einer Art gesenhem, ncimlich der whorled nucleus, generally larger size, folgenden." (Von Martens, 1897). wider aperture, heavy parietal callus, Discussion: To the author's knowledge, weaker lirae, wider and deeper suture and the original description Omogymna (Von a slight bulging of the body whorl. Fossils Martens, 1897, p. 157) has not been quoted olives from the Jackson Bluff Formation in a work on western Atlantic olivids to (Choctawhatchee Group, lower Pliocene) date, and is reproduced here. have been referred to 0. sayana by Mans­ As with Oliva s.s., over the years there field (1930, p. 51) and are probably the has been confusion about the authorship descendants of 0. vokesorum. and type species of this interesting group. One juvenile specimen (TU 951), which Dall (1903, p. 1574), in describing the Chipola seems referable to this species, bears a fauna, made mention of the occurrence of small posterior band that disappears over this subgenus, as" . .. a species of the group the last quarter of the second teleoconch Oliva called by von Martens Omogymna," whorl. This is one whorl less than the three listing the species Oliva (Omogymna) mar- 114 Tulane Studies in Geology and Paleontology Vol. 16

tensii Dall in his checklist (p. 1576) as well as conch and protoconch obscure, indicated by the figuring it (pl. 58, fig. 4). Woodring (1928, p. more porcellaneous texture of the conch, the 226) noted the occurrence of a species of greater lateral flattening, a nd the more deeply Omogymna from the Cercado Formation of impressed suture. Whorls of spire trapezoidal in outline, the earlier whorls increasing more Santo Domingo, Oliva (Omogymna) gradata slowly in diameter than the later. Incremental Gabb, attributing Omogymna to Dall (1903) striae feeble, least so toward the aperture. with the type by monotypy, Oliva (Omogym­ Sutural channel profound, deeply undercutting na) martensii Dall. Tomlin ( 1934) rectified the preceding turn, partly concealed by the acute the position of Omogymna, remstating Von overhanging margins. Aperture narrow, the Martens as the author and Oliva (Omogym­ sides rudely parallel through their posterior and na) paxillus Reeve as the type species. medial extent. Outer lip smooth, sharp-edged , Omogymna is characterized by a de­ almost vertical, very feebly contracted near the pressed posterior band on the body whorl, suture, rounding smoothly anteriorly into the si­ phonal notch. Parietal wall scored with numer­ w hich may or may not be visible on the spire ous transverse corrugations, which become in­ w horls. depending upon the amount of in­ creasingly lower and less produced and com­ trasu tural callus. The width of the band monly evanesce altogether toward the posterior may vary considerably from species to spe­ commissure. Base of pillar heavily reinforced cies. usually atta ining a consta n t width by with 4 or 5 overlapping folds of callus which die maturity. On juvenile specimens the pos­ out near the siphonal notch; posterior margin of ter-ior ba nd can occupy up to tw o-thirds of basal callus intersecting the labium about one­ the bodv w hor·l. gradua lly na rrowing and third of the way from the anterior to the posterior becoming more depressed w ith maturity. extremity of the shell, cutting obliquely across the base of the shell toward the anterior notch, where it almost but not quite evanesces, faintly OLI\'A I OMOGYM"A I LIODES Dall discernible upon the labrum at a distance of Plate 2. figs . 1. 2 about 3 millimeters from the outer margin. Si­ Olil·aliodes OAT .L. 1903. Wagner Free Inst. Sci .. phonal notch broad and deep. The margins par­ Tnm~ .. \'. :J. pt. 6. p. 1576 (name only). pl. 58. a llel and obliquely d irected." (Gardner, 1937) fig. I. Dimensions ofholotype: height 27.0 mm, diam­ 0/ira liodes Dall. MAURY. 1922. Bulls. Ame r. e te r 11.5mm. Pakontolog.''. \'. 9. no. 38. p. 45. Holotype: USNM 113971. 0/iru liodes flaiL GARDNER. 1937. U. S. Geol. Type locality: USGS 2212, Ten Mile Creek SLoT. Prof. P a per 142-F. p . 378. pl. 46. fig. I. nea r Chipola R iver. Calhoun County, Florida(= Olirn cf. liudes Da\1. GARDNER . 1945. Geo!. TU 5461. Soe. A mer.. Memori 11. p. 2Hl. Occurrence: Chipola Formation, Florida; late .\fot 0/ir(l liodes Da!l. MASSON and ALEN­ lower Miocene. Oak Grove Sand, Florida;(?) late CASTER-IBARRA. 1951. Asoe. Mes . Geol. lower Miocene. ( ? ) Guajalote Formation, P(•tro!. . Bol.. \". 3. p. 210. fi g. 23. Tamaulipas. Mexico: late lower Miocene. :\" ot Olit·u rO/iva J /iodes D a!l. PERRILLIAT­ Figured specimens: Fig. I. USNM 247895: ~ONTOYA. 196:L Pa leontologia Mcxicana . he ight 30.5 mm. diameter 13.6 mm; TU locality no. 1·1. p. 2 :~ . pl. ;>. li\.!s . ..J. 5. u\ new. unnamed .)46. Fig. 2. USNM 247896: height9.5 mm, diame­ species.l te r 3.9 mm : T U locality 459. Other occurre nces: :\'ot Olira rO!inu liodes Dall. WOODR ING . 196-1. T U loca lity nos. 70. 91 . 196, 456. 457.458. 547.548, L" . S. G0ol. Sun·. Prof. Pap0r :~O(i - 8. p. 27{i. 'i49. 550. 55-l . 555. 655. 708. 709,711.768. 8 10. 8 17. 1 Fral!rne nt ...; oft\\"o unknown species. 1 820b. 821. 824. 825. 830. 83 1' 949, 950. 951, 998, 999. D iagnos is : ··She ll of moderate dimensions for 1019. 102 1. 1050. 1052. 1097. 1098. ('?)USGS 13455. the grou p but thick and heavy. smooth. and 1-1584. 1:3588. Bascom );o . 2 well. Mobile. Ala­ polished a nd ~ubc~' linclr·ic al in outlin0. the ma x­ bama ( I 2-1 I feet. Chipola horizonl. imum d iameter falling a little behind the med ian line. Spir<.' \" (• r~· low. approximate]_,. one-sixth the Discussion : In this species the spire va r ­ total altitude of th<.• slw ll. taperinc 1·ather un ies be tween one-half a nd one-ninth of the <.'\"(•nl~· in th<.• ;lpical n.•l(ion owing to tht..• mort..• total he ig ht a nd is straight to strongly con­ rapid enblrgnwnt (d.th<.• later \·olutions. Whorls H c a ve in o utline. There a re nine to ten who rls in all in thP t_vpe. 9 in larger individuals. -t or· S of in a dult s p ecime n s . the posterior e d ge o f th e them included in the conch and ·I in the small. body whorl on some low-spired indiv idua ls smooth knob of a protoconch. Init ial turn m inute and almost e nlln:.> ly submergPd : succeeding rising d uring the last half of the body whorl turns b road!~· nJtmcled. all but the second in­ but not reaching the top of the penultimate ("J"l'asing rnon.• rap id!~, in a lt itude than in cl iame­ whorl. The transition between the nuclear tt..•r. the fina l "·horl of the protoeonch flatteni ng and tele oconch who rls is gradua l over the la terall_,. toward its close. Bounding line betw<.•e n last ha lf turn of the fou rth nuclear whorl. as No.3 Olivinae.from Alum Bluff Group 115

a whitish band of teleoconch material rises of an olivid from the Guajalote Formation and overtakes the nuclear material. (USGS 13455, 13584, 13588) of Mexico, On juvenile specimens a wide band oc­ which she tentatively referred to 0. liodes. cupies the posterior third of the whorl. slow­ If these molds are truly 0. liodes, then this ly narrowing to a band of constant width (1.2 would greatly extend the geographic range mm or less) after two and one-half to three of the species although not the stratigraphic teleoconch whorls. The band has a rough range, as the formation is correlated with undulating edge, which is sharp to the the Chipola. touch. This band is exposed on the spire Perrilliat Montoya (1963, p. 23) figured a whorls. with a ribbon of callus reaching up species from the Agueguexquite Formation to but not covering the depressed band. of Mexico, which she referred to 0. liodes. Dall (1903, pl. 58, fig. 1) originally figured A comparison of Agueguexquite specimens 0. liodes. but he did not describe it. Gard­ with those of 0. liodes from the Chipola ner (1937, p. 378) described the species and shows that those from the Agueguexquite placed it in Oliva s.s., failing to notice the are markedly different. The Mexican speci­ thin depressed posterior band. This band is mens have a three-whorled, exserted nu­ extremely thin on the type and on Gard­ cleus, a shallow narrow suture, a convex ner's material (0.2-0.5 mm), which might ex­ ribbon of callus on the spire whorls, a larger plain the oversight*. Over 2500 specimens height/diameter ratio, a narrower aper­ of 0. liodes were available to the author for ture, heavier unpaired lirae, a prominent examination, as compared to the 38 that rounded shoulder and lack the depressed Gardner had. Many of the specimens have posterior band. The specimens referred by the posterior band developed enough for Perrilliat Montoya to 0. liodes, from the observation with the unaided eye, but most Agueguexquite Formation (her locality = specimens require slight magnification for TU 1046), belong to an unnamed species of positive identification (see pl. 2, fig. lb). A Oliva s.s. quick field method is to feel the posterior Masson and Alencaster-Ibarra (1951, p. edge of the body whorl for a sharp undu­ 210, fig. 23) figured a species as 0. liodes lating edge, which is the knife-like edge of from the Filisolo Formation(= TU 1095) of the posterior band. Mexico. The figure in the publication is ex­ Oliva liodes was described by Gardner tremely poor, but the description seems ( 1937) as belonging to the 0. sayana group. adequate for a comparison. The height/di­ Although 0. liodes does resemble 0. sayana ameter ratio is much smaller (3. 75) than for superficially, the presence of the depressed any specimen of 0. liodes that the author posterior band, the smaller size, three­ has seen from the Chipola Formation. The whorled nucleus, wider and deeper suture specimens have three plications, as op­ and a narrower aperture separate the two posed to four or five for Chipola specimens. species. Also, the protoconch-teleoconch transition Maury (1922, p. 45) reported 0. liodes at in 0. liodes is gradual over one-half of a the 1241-foot level of the Bascom No.2 well, turn, but the Filisolo specimens have an in Mobile, Alabama, which she referred to abrupt and profound change. Masson and the Chipola horizon. The author attempted Alencaster-Ibarra's material appears not to to examine the specimen(s), but they ap­ be related to 0. liodes. parently have been temporarily misplaced Oliva liodes is the most common and at the Paleontological Research Institution. widespread of the olivids in the Alum Bluff Gardner (1945, p. 216) noted the occur­ Group, occurring in both the Chipola and rence of some imperfectly preserved molds Oak Grove faunas. It is present at almost all localities. Although not as nwnerous as in the Chipola Formation, it is well repre­ *Olsson maintains that the criteria selected by sented in the Oak Grove Sand. One lot from the author for the placement of 0. liodes in the Gardner's collection (USGS 2646) identified subgenus Omogymna are not valid, but Von as 0. liodes, also contained specimens ofO. Martens ( 1897) did not specify any minimum martensii, 0. calhounensis, and 0. blowi, in width for the d~:·pressed posterior band. Since the nature of the band on juvenile specimens of addition to 0. liodes. The Oak Grove speci­ 0. liodes and 0. martensii are similar and only mens are typical of the species. differ in size on mature spf'cimens. the author The shell of 0. liodes is large for the sub­ feels justified in his assignment. genus Omogymna, only 0. (Omogymna) 116 Tulane Studies in Geology and Paleontology Vol.16

valens Jung, 1971, from the Miocene ofCar­ Whorls of spire trapezoidal in outline, the body riacou, West Indies, being of comparable rounding smoothly toward the suture, a band a size. Oliva valens differs from 0. liodes in trifle narrower than the penult planed off from having a three-whorled nucleus, fewer tele­ the body directly in front of the suture, margined oconch whorls, only three plications on the anteriorly by a sharp clean-cut edge. Sutural channel undercutting the whorl behind it, deep base of the columella, and a wider posterior but not very wide, overhung by the free and band on adult specimens. proximate margins of both the preceding and the Oliva liodes shows faint traces of a color succeeding volutions. Aperture rather narrow, pattern on certain individuals, either under the margins subparallel through their posterior visible or ultraviolet light. The pattern is not and medial extent. Outer lip thin, sharp, approxi­ bold enough to be photographed, but ap­ mately vertical. Parietal callus smooth and pears to be similar to the general pattern of moderately heavy at the posterior commissure, 0. sayana (Recent, Atlantic and Gulf Coasts thinning out just in front of the conunissure, then of United States). thickening again and becoming increasingly In the Chipola fauna, 0. liodes could be heavy and heavily corrugated anteriorly, spread­ ing out rather abruptly at about two-thirds of the confused with 0. vokesorum; the latter can distance from the commissure to the anterior best be separated by the lack of the de­ extremity in two major, overlapping folds with pressed posterior band, as well as the many minor surficial sulci; major folds swinging from other erie ria already mentioned. the base of the pillar across toward the siphonal notch but evanescing before reaching it. A lighter but more widely spread coat of glaze extending OLIVA (0MOGYMNA) MARTENS!I Dall Plate 1, figs. 3-5 from about half way down the apertural wall obliquely across the base of the body until it Oliva (Omogymna) martensii DALL, 1903, parallels the outer margin of the notch, where it Wagner Free Inst. Sci., Trans., v. 3, pt. 6, p. gradually evanesces without mounting the 1576 (name only). pl. 58, fig. 4. labrum. Siphonal notch rather narrow but very Oliva (Omogymna) m.artensii Da!l, GARDNER, deep, the margins parallel and obliquely di­ 1937, U. S. Geol. Surv. Prof. Paper 142-F, p. rected." (Gardner, 1937). 380. Dimensions of holotype: height 19.5 mm, diam­ Diagnosis: "Shell small for the group but mod­ eter8.5 mm. erately thick and heavy, subcylindrical in out­ Holotype: USNM 113974. line, smooth and highly polished. Spire approxi­ Type locality: USGS 2212, Ten Mile Creek, mately one-fourth as high as the entire shell, near Chipola River, Calhoun County, Florida(= smoothly tapering, commonly a little convex, the TU 546). protoconch appearing as a minute apical knob. Occurrence: Chipola Formation, Florida; late Whorls 8 in all, probably only 3 of them included lower Miocene. Oak Grove Sand, Florida;(?) late in the protoconch. Initial turn of protoconch lower Miocene. minute, largely submerged: succeeding volution Figured specimens: Fig. 3, USNM 247897; broadly rounded, increasing slowly in altitude height 21.7 mm, diameter 8. 7 mm; TU locality but rather rapidly in diameter, the 2 remaining 830. Fig. 4, USNM 247898; height 18.7 mm, diam­ volutions increasing in altitude but scarcely at all eter 8.5 mm; TU locality 546. Fig. 5, USNM in diameter. Boundary line between conch and 247899: height 6.1 mm, diameter 2.9 mm; TU lo­ protoconch obscure, indicated by the more por­ cality 830. Other occurrences: TU locality nos. 70, cellaneous texture of the conch, the increased 91, 456, 457, 458,459, 547,548,549, 554,555, 655, flattening of the whorl, and its more rapid en­ 708, 787,810, 817,818, 820b, 821,824,825,827,831, largement, and the deepening of the suture. 951,998,999, 1050, 1051, 1097, 1098.

PLATE2 Figures Page 1, 2. Oliva (Omogymna) liodes Dall . 114 1. USNM 247895; height 30.5 mm, diameter 13.6 mm. Locality: TU 546, Chipola Formation. (Fig. la X 2; fig 1b X 10). 2. (X 10) USNM 247896; height9.5 mm, diameter3.9mm. Locality: TU 459, Chipola Formation. 3-5. Oliva (Omogymna) martensii Dall .... 116 3. USNM 247897; height 21.7 mm, diameter 8. 7 mm. Locality: TU 830, Chipola Formation. 0/i!-i"ae.f'mm Alnm BlHfj'Group 117

PLATE2

4. (X 2) USNM 247898; height18. 7 mm, diameter 8.5 mm. Locality: TU 546, Chipola Formation. 5. (X lOl USNM 247899: height6.1 mm, diameter 2.9 mm. Locality: TU 830, Chipola Formation. 6. Oliva (Qrnogyrnna) gardnerae (Richards) ...... 119 (X 2) USNM 247900: height24.4 mm, diameter9.5 mm. Locality: TU 562. Silverdale Beds. North Carolina. 7. Jaspide/.la co.facorys (Gardner) ...... 119 I X 4) USNM 247901; height 12.2 mm, diameter 5.1 mm. Locality: TU 554. Chipola Formation. 118 Tulane Studies in Geology and Paleontology Vol. 16

Discussion: As with 0. liodes, 0. mar­ knob-like nucleus and the rapid rate of nar­ tensii was only figured by Dall (1903, pl. 58, rowing and eventual disappearance of the fig. 4) and not described until Gardner posterior band during the third teleoconch (1937, p. 380) did her systematic work on the whorl. Oliva martensii is always consider­ Alum Bluff Group. ably smaller and narrower than 0. liodes or The four-whorled nucleus sits on top of a 0. blawi with the same number of teleo­ low convex spire like a little knob. The pos­ conch whorls. The posterior band is never terior band is smooth in outline but not as wide on the earliest juvenile specimens of sharp to the touch as with 0. liodes, due to 0 . liodes as it is on the third teleoconch the smooth edge along the top of the band. whorl ofO. martensii. The smallersizeofO. On juvenile specimens the wide, glossy, martensii, the consistently wider posterior posterior band occupies about two-thirds of band, and the two strong plications on the the body whorl, gradually decreasing in columella are sufficient characteristics to width on subsequent volutions and reach­ distinguish it from 0. liodes. ing a constant width (1.2 to 2.4 mm) after two The width of the posterior band is essen­ and one-half to three teleoconch whorls. tially constant on 0. liodes and 0 . martensii The only change during maturation is a gen­ after completion of the third teleoconch eral subsiding of the band. The band on whorl. Therefore, as 0. liodes and 0 . mar­ juvenile specimens gives a Strephonella-like tensii reach maturity, the posterior band appearance to the juvenile shells. But the occupies a smaller percentage of the body band is glossy and depressed on the juve­ whorl. This is not true in all species of nile specimens of 0. martensii; in Streplw­ Omogymna, including the type of the sub­ nella the posterior section is not depressed genus, Oliva (Omogymna) paxillus Reeve, and the dividing line is an impressed Recent of the Indo-Pacific. Specimens at groove. hand show that even on adult examples the Oliva martensii is of average size for spe­ band has not achieved a constant width for cies of the subgenus Omogymna. Its distri­ the body whorl. Apparently the species of bution in the Chipola is second only to 0. Omogymna with a constant-width posterior liodes in number of specimens. It is gen­ band are limited to the western Atlantic erally uncommon on the upper part of Ten Tertiary. Possibly, these forms should be Mile Creek, increasing in abundance down­ assigned to a different group from the typi­ stream. On Farley Creek, it becomes the cal Omogymna species of the Recent. A dominant member of the olivid fauna and thorough study of the worldwide Omogym­ attains a generally larger size. This species na fauna is needed in order to answer this is also represented in collections from the question. Oak Grove fauna by three juveniles (USGS Some specimens exhibit a faint color pat­ 2646) and one adult specimen (TU 91). tern under visible and/or ultraviolet light, These specimens appear to be identical but the patterns are not sufficiently intense with the Chipola material, except that the to be photographed. Oliva martensii had a posterior band is slightly narrower than on rather complex color pattern, consisting ofa typical Chipola specimens. series of small dots just anterior to the re­ volving posterior band, with a narrow Some confusion may arise in separating dashed band around the middle of each the juvenile forms ofO. blowi, 0. liodes and whorl. The overall background pattern re­ 0. martensii, since all possess a wide pos­ sembles a miniature 0. sayana (Recent, terior band. When comparing juvenile western Atlantic), but the revolving line specimens with the same number of tele­ around the middle of the whorls and the oconch whorls, the separation becomes series of dots resembles the modern 0. pax­ simple. Oliva liodes and 0. martensii are illus from the Indo-Pacific. both relatively cylindrical in outline, where­ As with 0. blowi, 0. martensii seems also as 0. blowi has a distinct bulge at the pos­ to have had its ancestry in the "Silverdale" terior of the body whorl and has a strongly fauna (lower Miocene). Richards (1943, p. convex spire. Oliva blowi can be further 525) described the species "Olivella" gard­ distinguished from the other two by its nerae from the marl ("Silverdale beds") of No.3 Olivinae from Alum Bluff Group I 19 the Trent Formation at Silverdale, North Discussion: This genus of Olivinae was Carolina.* From his description, he ap­ first recognized by Olsson (1956, p. 212) dur­ parently described a juvenile form of the ing his studies of the Olivellinae. Examining Omogymna ancestor of 0. martensii. An the radula he noticed that those of "Olivel­ adult figure (see Pl. 2, fig. 6) of Oliva la" jaspidea were like the Olivinae and not (Omogymna) gardnerae is furnished for the Olivellinae. The genus Jaspidella is still comparison. It differs mainly from 0. mar­ included in the Olivellinae by many workers tensii in the fact that the posterior band due to its small size, but as with the genus, does not attain a constant width until the Strephonella, it belongs in the Olivinae, final adult whorl. This species also has a based on the radula. more exserted nucleus, with the intraspinal As noted in the description above, the callus not covering all of the preceding genus in the fossil state can be best charac­ whorl in the early teleoconch whorls. The terized by the general lack of parietal wall posterior band on the Silverdale species is callus and a low. finely plaited fold at the not as depressed as on 0. martensii. and the anterior end of the columella. Jaspidella spire tends to have a high trapezoidal out­ has a meager representation in the western line, rather than the lower convexity of the Atlantic Tertiary. The oldest known form is younger species. J. liveoakensis (Mansfield, 1937), from the The 0. martensii line seems to continue Oligocene of Florida. Jaspidelkt is repre­ in the form of 0. gradata from the Miocene sented in the Recent western Atlantic by Cercado Formation of the Dominican Re­ three known species. public. Oliva gradata is close to 0. mar­ tensii, but the exserted two and one-half­ JASPIDELLA COFACORYS (Gardner) whorled nucleus serves best to differentiate P late 2, fig. 7 the two species. On the specimens of 0. Olivella cofacOnJs GARDNER, 1937, U.S. Geol. available to the author from the gradata Surv. Prof. Paper 142-F, p. 383. pl. 46, figs. 10. Cercado Formation (TU 1230), the posterior II. band is consistently wider (2.4 - 2.5 mm) Jaspidella cofacorys Gardner. OLSSON, 1956. than that of 0. martensii, as well as more Acad. Nat. Sci. Phil., Proc.. v. 108, p. 212. depressed. Due to the lack of any juvenile Diagnosis: "Shell of moderate dimensions for specimens of 0. gmdata no comparison can the group, rudely elliptical in outline. smooth and be made of the different rates of band very highly polished. Spire rather elevated. the narrowing on the early whorls of the two whorls closely overlapping one another like a species. bandage. Body broadly and smoothly rounded. Whorls 5V2 in all, 4 of this number included in the Genus JASPIDELLA Olsson, 1956 conch. Initial whorl broad and full. immersed at the tip; succeeding half-turn high, feebly convex. Jaspidella OLSSON, 1956, Acad. Nat. Sci. Phil., Dividing line between conch and protoconch in­ Proc., v. 108, p. 212. dicated by a slight difference in the texture of the Type species: Volutajaspidea Gmelin, by origi­ shell and by the abrupt initiation of the sutural nal designation. channel. Postnuclear whorls of the spire trape­ "Olivil'orm shell with a high spire of several zoidal in outline, increasing regularly and not whods terminating in an obtuse nucleus. Sutures very rapidly in diameter. Sutural channels very narrowly grooved, the collar of the preceding narrow, not undercutting the p1·eceding volution. whorl appressed. No callous wash on the parietal margined in front by the sharp edge of the suc­ wall. Pillar structure is a low, finely plaited fold at ceeding tur!l. Incremental str·iae exceed ing!~' the end of the columella. Fasciole wide and undi­ feeble. Aperture narrow, cuneifonn in outline. vided. Internally with a fold at the end of the acutely angulated posteriorly. Outer lip thin. pillar, the internal walls of the spire whorls re­ sharp, approximately ve1·tical. slightly patulous absorbed. Operculum present, chitinous. The anteriorly: posterior two-thirds of ultima free radular ribbon is very long, with numerous teeth from callus, even at the posterior commissure. ( ± 100), the rachidian tooth tricuspidate." (Ols­ Basal coat of glaze cutting obliquely across from a son, 19561 point a little less than halfway from the postt>l·lol· to the anterior extremity of the aperture. lhe Ia b­ ra\ margin parallel throughout its later extent ''See E. H. Vokes, 1967, p. 140. for discussion of with the outer arm of the siphonal notch. Bod.\ the relationship of the ';Silverdale Beds" and wall obscurely corrugated with 6 or 8 tJ·an s\·er~P the Trent Formation. sulci. Base of pillar reinforced with a narrow but 120 Tulane Studies in Geology and Paleontology Vol.l6

heavy deposit of callus laid parallel to the obtuse 196. Ten Mile Creek, about \1• mile upstream pillar margin, bearing a few secondary sulci di­ from bridge of Florida Highway 73 (NE V• rected toward the siphonal notch but evanescing Sec. 11, T1N, RlOW). before reaching it. Anterior emargination very 456. Ten Mile Creek, about \1• mile downstream broad but shallow, approximately horizontal." from bridge of Florida Highway 73 (NE V• (Gardner, 1937) Sec. 12, T1N, RlOW). Dimensions ofholotype: height 11.6 mm, diam­ 457. West bank of Chipola River, about \2 mile eter4.7mm. below Ten Mile Creek (SW \1• Sec. 17, T1N, Holotype: USNM 328665. R9W). Type locality: USGS 2213, one mile below 458. East bank of Chipola River above Farley Bailey's Ferry, Chipola River, Calhoun County Creek (SW V< Sec. 20, T1N, R9W). Florida(= TU 457). 459. East bank of Chipola River, steep bank Occurrence: Chipola Formation, Florida; late about 1500 feet above the mouth of Taylor lower Miocene. Lake Branch (NW V< Sec. 29, T1N, R9W). Figured specimen: Fig. 7, USNM 247901; 546. Ten Mile Creek, about llh miles west of height 12.2 mm, diameter 5.1 mm; TU locality Chipola River (NW \1• Sec. 12, T1N, R10W). 554. Other occurrences: TU locality nos. 457, 458, 547. West bank ofChipola River, about 2000 feet 547, 548, 810,950, 1020. above Four Mile Creek (SW v, Sec. 29, TIN, Discussion: Jaspidella cofacorys is con­ R9W). fined in its distribution to the Chipola River, 548. West bank of Chipola River at bend about 1800 feet south of mouth of Farley Creek being absent a long Ten Mile and Farley (NW \1, Sec. 29, T1N, R9W). Creeks. It is most common in the lower beds along the river, represented by only two 549. East bank of Chipola River, about '4 miles below Four Mile Creek (NE '4 Sec. 32, T1N, specimens from the upper part of the sec­ R9W). tion on the Chipola River (TU 547). 550. Chipola River, east bank 1\1, miles below Jaspidella santidominici (Maury), from Ten Mile Creek (NE \1, Sec. 20, TIN, R9W). the Gurabo Formation of the Dominican 554. East bank of Chipola River at power line Republic is extremely close in general out­ crossing (SW \1, Sec. 17, T1N, R9W). line and appearance to J. cofacorys and 555. East bank of Chipola River, about 1000 feet p robably represents a descendant of the above Four Mile Creek (SW \1• Sec. 29, Chipola species. Jaspidella santidominici TIN,R9W). differs from J. cofacorys in having a much 655. Ten Mile Creek, about 0.1 mile downstream larger bulbous nucleus and narrower from bridge of Florida Highway 73 (NW \1• Sec. 12, T1N, RlOW). sutures. The appressed posterior part of the 708. At small waterfall on tributary to Ten Mile body whorl and the more inflated anterior, Creek, south bank, about 1!4 mile down­ gives a distinct flaring to the aperture of J. stream from bridge of Florida Highway 73 santidaminici. (NW \1, Sec. 12, T1N, R10W). 709. South bank ofTen Mile Creek, about v, mile V. LOCALITY DATA downstream from bridge of Florida High­ way 73 (NW \1, Sec. 12, TIN, RIOW). The following are Tulane University fos­ 711. West bank ofChipola River, about v, mile up from mouth of Farley Creek (SW v, Sec. 12, sil localities. All localities are in the Chipola T1N,Rl0W). Formation, Calhoun County, Florida, ex­ 786. Ten Mile Creek, about 50 yards upstream cept where noted: from TU 196 or about V4 mile upstream from 69. Shoal River Fm., type locality, Shell Bluff, bridge of Florida Highway 73 (NE \1• Sec. 11, Shoal River (NW \1, Sec. 4, T3N, R21W), TIN,RIOW). about 31h miles north of Mossyhead, Walton 787. Ten Mile Creek, south bank, about llh miles Co., Florida. west of Chipola River (SE \1• Sec. 12, TIN, 69a. Shoal River Fm., first ravine upstream from R9W). Shell Bluff, Shoal River(NW v, Sec. 4, T3N, 810. East bank of Chipola River opposite mouth R21W), about 3th: miles north ofMossyhead, of Taylor Branch (SW v, Sec. 17, T1N, Walton Co., Florida. R9W). 70. Ten Mile Creek, at bridge of Florida Highway 817. South side ofTen Mile Creek, large gully on 73(NW \1• Sec. 12, TIN, RlOW). the property of Mr. A. Sexton (1967) (SE \1• 91. Oak Grove Sand (type locality), west bank of Sec. 12, TIN, R!OW). Yellow River, about 100 yards below bridge 818. Farley Creek, 0. I mile west of bridge of at Oak Grove (NE 'I• Sec. 20, T5N, R23W), Florida Highway 275 (SW 'I• Sec. 21, TIN, Okaloosa Co., Florida. R9W). No.~ OliL'inne.from Alwn Bluf{Group 121

820b. F arley Creek (]ower beds), at bridge of Florida Highway 73 (NW lf4 Sec. 12. TIN, Florida Highway 275 (SW 114 Sec. 21. TIN, RIOWl. R9WJ. 1098. Ten Mile Creek. south bank. just below 821. F arley Creek. 0.1 mile east of bridge of power line crossing (and just below TU 830) Florida Highway 275 ISW 1!-1 Sec. 21. TIN. iSE •;, Sec. 12. TIN. RIOW\. R9Wl. 1230. Cercado Fm .. Rio Car1a. east bank, bluffs 824. Farlev Creek. south bank about0.5 mile east just above the ford at Caimito on Los ofbrrdge of Florida Highway 275 ISE 1!-t Sec. Quemados-Sabaneta road. Dominican Re­ 21. T IN. R9W\. public 1 ~ USGS 8532: Maucy·s Zone H\. 825. Farley Creek at abandoned mill about 1/.1 mile west of b1·idge of Florida Higl1\vay 275

MASSON, PIERRE, and GLORIA ALEN­ RICHARDS, H. W., 1943, Additions to the fauna CASTER-IBARRA, 1951, Estratigrafia y of the Trent Marl of North Carolina: Jour. paleontologia de l Miocene de San Andres Paleontology, v. 17, no. 5, p. 518-526, pis. Tuxtla, Veracruz, Mexico: Asoc. Mex. Geol. 84-86. Petrol., Bol., v. 3, p. 199-215,4 pis. TOMLIN, J. R. LeB ., 1934, Note on Omogymna MAURY, C. J., 1922, Recent Mollusca of the Gulf Martens: Nautilus, v. 48, p. 70. of Mexico and Ple istocene and Pliocene WEISBORD, N. E., 1962, Late Cenozoic Gastro­ species from the Gulf States, Pt. 1. Scapho­ pods from northern Venezuela: Bulls. poda, Gastropods, Amphineura and Cepha­ Amer. Paleontology, v. 42, no. 193, p. 1-672, lopoda: Bulls. Amer. Paleontology, v. 9, no. pis. 1-48. 38, p. 33-173. WENZ, W., 1943, Handbuch der paliiozoologie, OLSSON, A. A., 1956, Studies of lhe Genus v. 6: Gastropoda. Part 1-Prosobranchia, OliveUa: Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., Proc., v. 58, Teil 1, lief. 6, p. 1202-1505, figs. 3417-4211. p. 155-225, pis. 8-16. WOODRING, W. P., 1928, Miocene mollusks OLSSON, A. A., and S. P. DANCE, 1966, The from Bowden, Jamaica; part 2, Gastropods Linnaean Olives: Bulls. Amer. Paleontolo­ and discussion of results: Carnegie Inst. gy, v. 50, no. 227, p. 210-223, pl. 19. Washington, Pub!. 385, 564 p., 40 pis. OLSSON, A. A., and ANNE HARBISON, 1953, WOODRING, W. P., 1964, Geology and Paleon­ Pliocene Mollusca of southern Florida, with tology of Canal Zone and adjoining parts of special reference to those from North Saint Panama; part 3, Descriptions of Tertiary Petersburg: Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., Mon. 8, mollusks (Gastropods: Columbellidae to 457 p., 65 pis. Volutidae): U. S. Geol. Surv. Prof. Paper PERRILLIAT MONTOYA, M. C., 1963, Molus­ 306-C, p. 241-297, pis. 39-47. cos de Ia Formacion Agueguexquite (Mio­ ZEIGLER, R. F., and H. C. PORRECA, 1969, cene media) del Istmo de Tehuantepec, Olive Shells of the World. Rochester Poly­ Mexico; Paleontologia Mexicana, no. 14, 45 chrome Press, Inc., Rochester, N.Y., 96 p., p., 6pls. 13pls.

October 28, 1981

REVIEWS

EARTHLIKE PLANETS: Surfaces of PALEONTOLOGY AND PALEOENVI­ Mercury, Venus, Earth, Moon, Mars, by RONMENTS, edited by Brian J. Skin­ Bruce Murray, Michael C. Malin, a nd ner. Published by William K a ufmann, Ronald Greeley. Published by W. H. Inc. , Los Altos, California, 1981, iv + 206 Freeman Company, San Francisco, Cal­ pp., ill us. (some in color), $8.95 ifornia, 1981, xv + 387 pp., illus. (some in This is a new volume in the series Earth color). and its Inhabitants, consisting of reprints of A synthesis of information gathe red in the articles published originally in American past two decades on the surface geology of Scientist. This is one of the best of the vol­ Earth, the similar nearby planets, and the umes to appear thus far. It deals with a Moon, such as presented here is a worth­ rapidly developing field of the geosciences while addition to the geological literature. and one that still requires considerable de­ The authors are quite well qualified to pre­ finition to e nable earth scie ntists to a ppreci­ sent an overview and analysis of these data. ate properly its place in the study of the This work is quite well and pleasingly or· Earth. ganized, the subject is definitively treated, This collection of reprints is highly recom­ and a ll parts are profusely illustrated with mended for student readings and for geo­ diagrams and actual photographs (many in scientists interested in keeping abreast of color) of the planetary surfaces. progress in geology and paleontology.

- -H.C.S.