DOCSLIB.ORG

Operation Dauntless

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Operation Dauntless Operation Dauntless Unit Preview: Self-Propelled Artillery Both the British and German players have a small number of self-propelled artillery units available in Operation Dauntless. This unit preview will briefly examine these sparse but handy units. British Self-Propelled Artillery The British 147th (Essex Yeomanry) Field Regiment consists of three batteries of four each "Sexton" self-propelled 25-pounder guns (shown below). As part of the 8th Armoured Brigade in Operation Dauntless, these are the only artillery units which are always available to the British player. These SP guns had a maximum gun elevation of 35 degrees, yielding a maximum range of 11,000 yards (about 25-26 Operation Dauntless map hexes). Unlike traditional artillery, these units can both move and fire in a single turn, with a respectable 12 Movement Allowance (up to 24 road hexes per turn). "The 147th fought as a self-propelled artillery unit using 25-pounder field guns mounted on Sherman tank chassis." (from the Essex Yeomanry Association website at http://www.essex-yeomanry.org.uk/in-the-news/69-military-units-of-essex-4.html ). "147 (Essex Yeomanry) Regiment was converted to 25 pounder guns and landed on D Day to fight through Germany." (from the History section of the British Army website at http://www.army.mod.uk/signals/organisation/8830.aspx ). Note that there are 3 variants of the Sexton, but only the Sexton II was based on a Grizzly (M4A1 Sherman) hull, so these vehicles were the Sexton II's. First built in 1943, Sextons were available in the field from June '44 onward. From '43 to '45, Montreal Locomotive Works manufactured 2,150 Sextons. These were used by both Canadian and British forces. They were first used in combat in Italy, and later took part in the invasion of France and the Normandy battles. During the D-day landings, the Sextons fired from their landing craft as they came ashore, but this fire was near impossible to direct and had a very limited effect. These vehicles are lightly armored, with about 68mm of armor in the front hull, set at a 25 degree slope. The sides and rear hull had no slope, and 38 and 13mm of armor, respectively. What this means in game terms: These units need to remain well behind the front lines, or they will surely be easy prey for lurking German panzers! Below: A sneak peek of some of my latest homemade playtest counters- the British SP 25- pounder "Sextons", shown both on-map and off-map (next page) versions. Ranged Attacks in Operation Dauntless Ranged Attacks are handled by a 2d6 bell curve in Operation Dauntless. Thus the Ranged Attack Strengths of the three SP gun batteries shown above (RAS = the lower middle stat) do not add up to the RAS of the Regiment. Apart from mortars, all other support from artillery, naval guns, and aircraft are variable and available to the British player via a die roll mechanism each turn. This die roll is modified for time of day as well as date. When Operation Epsom kicks off the following day (June 26th, 1944) the amount of artillery available to the Polar Bears and 8th Armoured units drops off dramatically. But thankfully, this is not so for the Essex Yeomanry guns, which remain firmly in the British player's control throughout the game. German Self-Propelled Artillery As previously mentioned, the British player will need to protect his SP guns to keep them safe from roving German armor. This is a case of game design imitating history, as the British SP guns were normally fielded well behind the front lines, unlike their German equivalents- the Wespe "Wasp" SP 105mm gun, which was frequently deployed up front and used for direct support of infantry units. Below: Two views of the German Wespe SP gun — in action, and destroyed. Below: Here is the playtest counter for a Wespe battery. These vehicles are from the 2nd battery, 1st (Self-Propelled Group), 12th SS Panzer Artillery Regiment. The 1st battery also consisted of six Wespe SP guns, but per Meyer's account of the German artillery support, this battery was located elsewhere and thus it does not appear in the game. The 3rd battery of this SP group consisted of six Hummel ("Bumble Bee") self-propelled 150mm guns, shown below and on the following page. Below: The playtest counter for a Hummel battery. Original vehicle artwork for the Wespe and Hummel playtest counters was provided by Michael Evans. Below: Hummels in Normandy. This photo was probably taken in winter of '43/'44. Below: A Hummel battery in action. The German player also has a number of traditional artillery (mostly 105mm) and Nebelwerfer rocket artillery available in Operation Dauntless; these will be covered in a future installment. I would like to extend my sincere thanks to Vincent Lefavrais, A. Verspeeten, Antonio Pinar Peña, and Ethan McKinney for their kind assistance in researching this topic. Thanks for looking! More Operation Dauntless unit previews coming soon… .
Load more

Recommended publications
  • List of Exhibits at IWM Duxford
    List of exhibits at IWM Duxford Aircraft Airco/de Havilland DH9 (AS; IWM) de Havilland DH 82A Tiger Moth (Ex; Spectrum Leisure Airspeed Ambassador 2 (EX; DAS) Ltd/Classic Wings) Airspeed AS40 Oxford Mk 1 (AS; IWM) de Havilland DH 82A Tiger Moth (AS; IWM) Avro 683 Lancaster Mk X (AS; IWM) de Havilland DH 100 Vampire TII (BoB; IWM) Avro 698 Vulcan B2 (AS; IWM) Douglas Dakota C-47A (AAM; IWM) Avro Anson Mk 1 (AS; IWM) English Electric Canberra B2 (AS; IWM) Avro Canada CF-100 Mk 4B (AS; IWM) English Electric Lightning Mk I (AS; IWM) Avro Shackleton Mk 3 (EX; IWM) Fairchild A-10A Thunderbolt II ‘Warthog’ (AAM; USAF) Avro York C1 (AS; DAS) Fairchild Bolingbroke IVT (Bristol Blenheim) (A&S; Propshop BAC 167 Strikemaster Mk 80A (CiA; IWM) Ltd/ARC) BAC TSR-2 (AS; IWM) Fairey Firefly Mk I (FA; ARC) BAe Harrier GR3 (AS; IWM) Fairey Gannet ECM6 (AS4) (A&S; IWM) Beech D17S Staggerwing (FA; Patina Ltd/TFC) Fairey Swordfish Mk III (AS; IWM) Bell UH-1H (AAM; IWM) FMA IA-58A Pucará (Pucara) (CiA; IWM) Boeing B-17G Fortress (CiA; IWM) Focke Achgelis Fa-330 (A&S; IWM) Boeing B-17G Fortress Sally B (FA) (Ex; B-17 Preservation General Dynamics F-111E (AAM; USAF Museum) Ltd)* General Dynamics F-111F (cockpit capsule) (AAM; IWM) Boeing B-29A Superfortress (AAM; United States Navy) Gloster Javelin FAW9 (BoB; IWM) Boeing B-52D Stratofortress (AAM; IWM) Gloster Meteor F8 (BoB; IWM) BoeingStearman PT-17 Kaydet (AAM; IWM) Grumman F6F-5 Hellcat (FA; Patina Ltd/TFC) Branson/Lindstrand Balloon Capsule (Virgin Atlantic Flyer Grumman F8F-2P Bearcat (FA; Patina Ltd/TFC)
    [Show full text]
  • Radar Detection of Artillery Rockets Page 1 (38) [email protected]
    Robert Humeur Radar detection of artillery rockets Page 1 (38) [email protected] Författare Förband Kurs Robert Humeur Luftvärnsregementet 1CP018 Handledare Övlt Michael Reberg, övlt Mattias Elfström Radarupptäckt av artilleriraketer Sammanfattning: Denna rapport behandlar en radarsensors förmåga att upptäcka 107 mm raketer beroende på hur sensorn positioneras i förhållande till skyddsobjektet. Fältförsök, underrättelser och stridserfarenheter har visat att dessa raketer är vanligt förekommande samt svåra att detektera med radarsensorer. En modell för hur räckviddsökning beror på olika sensorpositioner har skapats genom att använda dokument från USA och forna Sovjetunionen beskrivande ballistik tillsammans med teorier för hur räckvidd påverkas av radarmålarea (RCS) samt en beskrivning av RCS tillhandahållen av FOI. Resultat från körningar i MATLAB visar att sensorpositioner inom 300 meter från skyddsobjektet är fördelaktiga vid en skottvidd av 3000 meter. Som tumregel för att uppnå maximal sensorprestanda bör strävan vara att placera sensorn på ett avstånd från skyddsobjektet understigande 10% av förväntad skottvidd. Nyckelord: C-RAM, raket, artilleri, radar, radarmålarea, upptäckt. Robert Humeur Radar detection of artillery rockets Page 2 (38) [email protected] Author Unit Course Robert Humeur The Swedish GBAD 1CP018 Regiment Supervisor LtCol Michael Reberg, LtCol Mattias Elfström Radar detection of artillery rockets Abstract: This report examines how a radar sensor’s ability to detect 107 mm rockets depends on sensor positioning in relation to the protected asset. Field trials, intelligence and combat experience have shown that these rockets are commonly used and among the most difficult to detect with radar sensors. By using U.S. and U.S.S.R. documentation on rocket ballistics together with existing theories of detection range dependence on radar cross section (RCS) and a RCS description provided by FOI, a model for range gain for various sensor positions is constructed.
    [Show full text]
  • France Historical AFV Register
    France Historical AFV Register Armored Fighting Vehicles Preserved in France Updated 24 July 2016 Pierre-Olivier Buan Neil Baumgardner For the AFV Association 1 TABLE OF CONTENTS INTRODUCTION....................................................................................................4 ALSACE.................................................................................................................5 Bas-Rhin / Lower Rhine (67)........................................................5 Haut-Rhin / Upper Rhine (68)......................................................10 AQUITAINE...........................................................................................................12 Dordogne (24) .............................................................................12 Gironde (33) ................................................................................13 Lot-et-Garonne (47).....................................................................14 AUVERGNE............................................................................................................15 Puy-de-Dôme (63)........................................................................15 BASSE-NORMANDIE / LOWER NORMANDY............................................................16 Calvados (14)...............................................................................16 Manche (50).................................................................................19 Orne (61).....................................................................................21
    [Show full text]
  • Have Adversary Missiles Become a Revolution in Military Affairs? William F
    Feature Have Adversary Missiles Become a Revolution in Military Affairs? William F. Bell he United States last had relative parity with the missile forces of potential adversaries in the early 1990s.1 Since then, the gap between our air and missile defense (AMD) capabilities and Tthose of threat missile forces has continued to widen. Initially, this oc- curred because of the ability of our adversaries’ rapidly increasing numbers of ballistic and cruise missiles and long-range rockets to over- whelm US forward-based AMD systems. For the most part, threat bal- Disclaimer: The views and opinions expressed or implied in the Journal are those of the authors and should not be construed as carry- ing the official sanction of the Department of Defense, Air Force, Air Education and Training Command, Air University, or other agencies or departments of the US government. This article may be reproduced in whole or in part without permission. If it is reproduced, theAir and Space Power Journal requests a courtesy line. September–October 2014 Air & Space Power Journal | 47 Feature Bell Have Adversary Missiles Become a Revolution in Military Affairs? listic missiles were unsophisticated variants of modified and improved SCUD missiles.2 The late 1990s saw China, Russia, Iran, North Korea, and others fielding more sophisticated ballistic missiles that utilized solid fuel, inertial and Global Positioning System guidance, greater warhead lethality, extended ranges, improved mobility, and onboard and standoff countermeasures. These weapons were supported by in- creasingly advanced command and control (C2), doctrine, training, and targeting capabilities. At the same time, our opponents have seen the great success the United States has enjoyed with precision attack Tomahawk cruise missiles.
    [Show full text]
  • {FREE} Sherman Tanks of the British Army and Royal Marines: Normandy Campaign 1944 Kindle
    SHERMAN TANKS OF THE BRITISH ARMY AND ROYAL MARINES: NORMANDY CAMPAIGN 1944 PDF, EPUB, EBOOK Dennis Oliver | 64 pages | 19 Jan 2017 | Pen & Sword Books Ltd | 9781473885301 | English | South Yorkshire, United Kingdom Sherman Tanks of the British Army and Royal Marines: Normandy Campaign 1944 PDF Book The Sherman replaced the M3 Grant and Lee tanks and the Ram Tank in Canadian service and was in the majority by — the other main late-war tanks being the Churchill and Cromwell. More resources from Smeggers. Email This BlogThis! Share This Book facebook twitter linkedin pinterest. There are six different models showcased from world class model builders. The final sections comprise the technical information and variants; and the appendices. Tanks were provided by the U. So the 'Model T' of tanks, the Sherman, has never impressed me. He tells of the 17, Shermans arriving in Britain as part of the Lend-lease program with the USA, how the vehicle was initially viewed with scepticism by its crews, and how it came to be one of the most important tanks for the British Army and Royal Marines. Sherman IBY. However, the US did not really want the 17pdr conversions returned and many found their way from British stocks into other armies post-war, where they served until the s in many cases e. South African Shermans were used by the 6th Armoured Division. When someone says to me that this was a bad tank, I respond, "Excuse me! The 4th Brigade formed part of the New Zealand 2nd Division and was converted from an infantry brigade.
    [Show full text]
  • Static Rocket Launchers F Ication S
    GERMAN F O R Static Rocket Launchers TI F ICATION Other divisions in Normandy and on the Eastern Front can also field the Static Rocket Launchers as used by the Festungskompanie in Earth & Steel. Grenadierkompanies and Fallschirmjägerkompanies from Fortress Europe and Grey Wolf can field a Static Rocket Launcher Battery instead of a Divisional Support Rocket Launcher Battery (page 53 of Fortress Europe and page 169 of Grey Wolf). S STATIC ROCKET LAUNCHER BATTERY BUNKER Leutnant 4 28cm sWG41 Nest 160 points Leutnant 3 28cm sWG41 Nest 120 points 2 28cm sWG41 Nest 80 points 28cm sWG41 28cm sWG41 28cm sWG41 28cm sWG41 1 28cm sWG41 Nest 40 points Nest Nest Nest Nest OPTIONS • Add Trench Line for +5 points. Barbed Wire Entanglement Trench Line Bunker • Add Barbed Wire Entanglement for +10 points. Static Rocket Launcher Battery These rocket launchers are not the mobile Nebelwerfer STATIC ROCKET LAUNCHER launchers of most rocket artillery units, but static 28cm An entire heavy rocket battery was emplaced behind Omaha schweres Wurfgerät 41 heavy rocket launchers like those fitted Beach, sited to fire on the troops as they landed. to the Panzerpionier Sd Kfz 251 ‘Stuka zu Fuss’ half-tracks. 28cm sWG41 Nests use the Stuka zu Fuss special rule (page Unlike their vehicle mounted cousins though, there are 245 of the rulebook), but have only four rockets instead only four rockets on each launcher, potentially lessening the of six. As a result, they only have four attempts to range impact. These weapons use the Static Rocket Launcher rules in. Treat them as Trained troops when rolling To Hit after below.
    [Show full text]
  • Selected Foreign Counterparts of U.S. Army Ground Combat Systems and Implications for Combat Operations and Modernization
    Selected Foreign Counterparts of U.S. Army Ground Combat Systems and Implications for Combat Operations and Modernization Andrew Feickert Specialist in Military Ground Forces Updated January 18, 2017 Congressional Research Service 7-.... www.crs.gov R44741 Selected Foreign Counterparts of U.S. Army Ground Combat Systems Summary Many nations maintain armies whose ultimate responsibility is to defeat other nations’ combat formations on the battlefield. In order to accomplish this, nations indigenously develop, maintain, and improve a variety of ground combat systems or purchase them from other nations. Ground combat system development and improvement is informed by existing and emerging technologies and budgetary factors as well as observations from current land conflicts. As this process is also intended to address potential future battlefield threats, beliefs as to what the future combat operational environment will look like, as well as what future technologies might be available for military use, also influence a nation’s developmental efforts. The U.S. Army’s current fleet of main battle tanks (MBTs), tracked infantry fighting vehicles (IFVs), tracked self-propelled (SP) artillery, and multiple launch rocket systems (MLRS), which constitutes the nucleus of the Army’s armored ground forces, were developed in the 1970s and fielded in the 1980s to counter the Soviet Union’s and Warsaw Pact’s numerically superior ground forces. The combat performance of these vehicles against Iraqi forces during Operation Desert Storm in 1991 reaffirmed
    [Show full text]
  • Multi-Mission Counter Rocket, Artillery and Mortar (C-RAM), Very Short Range Air Defense (V-SHORAD) Point Defense and Naval Air Defense System
    Multi-Mission Counter Rocket, Artillery and Mortar (C-RAM), Very Short Range Air Defense (V-SHORAD) Point Defense and Naval Air Defense System Benefits Iron Dome System The system uses a unique interceptor with a special warhead that Iron Dome is the only multi- Combat proven with over 1,500 detonates the target warhead in the mission system in the world that interceptions air. If the estimated trajectory of the provides a combat-proven defense airborne threat is headed towards Over 90% mission success rate solution for countering rockets, the defended zone, a command Multi-Mission system based on artillery & mortars (C-RAM) as is given and an interceptor is common building blocks well as aircraft, helicopters, launched against the threat UAVs, and PGMs (VSHORAD) Protects population, strategic and Iron Dome interceptor receives for land and sea. Iron Dome is assets reduces collateral damage trajectory updates from the Battle an effective system for countering Management Center via uplink Multi-Mission system that protects C-RAM threats with ranges of up communication. The interceptor against a broad spectrum of for to 70 km and for NG VSHORAD approaches the target and uses its land and sea application protection. The system operates radar seeker to acquire the target day and night and in all weather Proven effective against and guide the interceptor. The conditions, including low clouds, concentrated salvos and target warhead is detonated in the rain, dust storms or fog. Iron Dome challenging scenarios air before it reaches the defended protects cities, towns & strategic area, reducing collateral damage. Adaptable to a rapidly evolving assets, maneuvering forces as well Iron Dome is highly mobile, and threat set as ships.
    [Show full text]
  • Working Paper 2 China North Industries Corporation
    Working paper 2 China North Industries Corporation International Peace Information Service vzw & Omega Research Foundation © 2016 1 Editorial December 2016, Antwerp Working paper 2 on China North Industries Group Corporation Authors: International Peace Information Service (IPIS) & Omega Research Foundation Layout: Sakado Front Cover Image: CS/VA1 Light Strike Vehicle - © Robin Ballantyne / Omega Research Foundation - photographed at IDEX 2013 International Peace Information Service (IPIS) is an independent research institute, providing governmental and non-governmental actors with information and analysis to build sustainable peace and development in Sub-Saharan Africa. The research is centred around four programmes: Natural Resources, Business & Human Rights, Arms Trade & Security, and Conflict Mapping. ww.ipisresearch.be The Omega Research Foundation (Omega) is an independent UK-based research organisation. We are dedicated to providing rigorous, objective, evidence-based research on the manufacture, trade in, and use of, military, security and police (MSP) technologies. www.omegaresearchfoundation.org This report was established with the support of the Belgian Development Cooperation (DGD) 2 Table of contents Editiorial ............................................................................................................................................... 2 Introduction .......................................................................................................................................... 4 China North Industries
    [Show full text]
  • Rolls-Royce Armoured Cars
    Coy / Regiment / Unit / Vehicle Name Coy / Sect Vehicle Type Number Location Date Comment 1 Comment 2 Senior Crew Name Source Known Formation Number Photo? ABDULLA A Bn Mk IV 8075 November 1917 Dick Taylor ABERDONIA A Bn Mk IV Female 2681 November 1917 Dick Taylor ABERDONIA II Mk IV 2854 ABOU-BEN-ADAM Mk IV 2690 ABOU-BEN-ADAM II A Bn No 1 Coy Mk IV 2399 Cambrai November 1917 Or ABOU-BEN-ADHEM II. Commander Lt CW Duncan (KIA) Capt Wain VC A2 Cambrai 1917 ACASTA RAF Rolls Royce AC c1930s Wheels of the RAF ACE A Bn Mk IV November 1917 Dick Taylor ACE II Mk IV 8073 ACE OF SPADES A Bn Mk IV Female June, 1917 Dick Taylor ACHILLES A Bn Mk IV 2683 November 1917 A17 Dick Taylor ACHILLES 2RTC A Coy 1 Sect 1930s Dick Taylor ACHILLES II Mk IV 8090 ACTIVE 1 Sqn RNAS A/C 1915 Dick Taylor ADAMANT 1 Sqn RNAS A/C 1915 Dick Taylor ADDER 2RTC A Coy 2 Sect 1930s Dick Taylor ADDER RAF Rolls Royce AC c1930s Wheels of the RAF ADSUM A Bn No 3 Coy, No 11 Sect Mk IV 2003 November 1917 2Lt Young SF A54 Dick Taylor ADSUM II Mk IV 8079 ADVENTURESS A Bn Mk IV Female 2687 1917 A26 Dick Taylor ADVENTURESS Mk IV 2857 AFRIKANDER Mk I Male 774 AGGRESSIVE Mk IV 2666 AGGRESSIVE II A Bn No 3 Coy Mk IV 2878 Cambrai November 1917 Lt J Lipscomb A55 Cambrai 1917 AGINCOURT 8th Lt Tank Coy No 2 Sect Crossley AC? ↑A_589 India 1936, 1937 Tank magazine Dick Taylor AHMED A Bn Mk IV November 1917 Dick Taylor AHMED II Mk IV 8038 AIRS & GRACES Mk IV 2597 AJAX 2RTC A Coy 1 Sect 1930s Dick Taylor AJAX 1 Bn Mk V* Female 1918 AJAX II? Dick Taylor AJAX 2 Bn 1 Coy OC 1930s OC always used this name Dick Taylor AJAX A Bn No 1 Coy Mk IV Cambrai November 1917 A6 Cambrai 1917 ALBATROSS 8th Lt Tank Coy No 2 Coy, No 8 Sect Mk IV Male 2002 India 1937 Tank magazine 2Lt Fraser AJ A37 Dick Taylor ALBERT 1st Armd Car Coy Crossley AC? India 1936 Tank magazine Dick Taylor ALBERT 1st Armd Car Coy No 1 Sect India August 1930 Royal Tank Corps Journal Dick Taylor ALBERT 8th Lt Tank Coy No 2 Sect India 1937 Tank magazine Dick Taylor ALBION A Bn Mk I Male 773 November 1917 Dick Taylor ALBION II A Bn No 3 Coy, No.
    [Show full text]
  • Congreve Archive.Fm
    Sir William congreve (1772-1828). Left: William Congreve at the 1807 bombardment of Copenhagen, where he directed the launch of about 300 of his own war rockets (S.I. A1126A; reproduced from Winter 1990, p. 21) Right: A page from Congreve’s 1807 diary of the Copenhagen bombardment, contained in the Con- greve archive offered below. (1) Archive of 116 manuscripts, including Congreve’s diary of the 1807 Copenhagen bombardment, 30 other manuscripts relating to Congreve war rockets and other military matters, 22 love letters from Congreve to his wife, and 27 manuscripts relating to Congreve’s financial affairs. 1803-1869. Pre- served in a cloth drop-back box. (2) Bound volume of 7 printed pamphlets by Congreve on his rocket system, as follows: [1] A concise account of the origin and progress of the rocket system . [6], 32, [2]pp. London: J. Whiting, 1810. Second edition. [2] Postscript to the concise account of the origin and properties of the rocket system. 15pp. London: J. Whiting, 1808. [3] The different modes of use and exercises of rockets, both for bombardment and for the field. 20pp. 4 engraved plates. London: James Whiting, 1810. [4] Detail of a plan for attaching to cavalry regiments a proportion of rocket artillery, with case shot . 10pp. 2 folding engraved plates. London: James Whiting, 1809. [5] General view &c. General view of a complete course of experiments proposed to be tried . for the investigation and organization of the rocket system . [caption title]. 24pp. N.p., n.d. [1807 or after]. [6] Memoir on the possibility, the means, and the importance, of the destruction of the Boulogne flotilla .
    [Show full text]
  • 37. Hum-Innovative Defence Management by Tipu Sultan
    IMPACT: International Journal of Research in Humanities, Arts and Literature (IMPACT: IJRHAL) ISSN (P): 2347-4564; ISSN (E): 2321-8878 Vol. 6, Issue 01, Jan 2018, 301-310 © Impact Journals INNOVATIVE DEFENCE MANAGEMENT BY TIPU SULTAN Gurusiddaiah. C1, B. P. Mahesh Chandra Guru 2 Abhilash. M. S3 & Sreekantaiah 4 1Assistant Professor, Department of Studies in History, University of Mysore, Manasagangotri, Karnataka, India 2Professor, Department of Studies in Communication and Journalism, University of Mysore, Manasagangotri, Karnataka, India 3Research Scholar, Department of Studies in History, University of Mysore, Manasagangotri, Karnataka, India 4Guest Faculty, Babasaheb Dr. B. R. Ambedkar Studies and Research Centre, University, Karnataka, India Received: 03 Jan 2018 Accepted: 11 Jan 2018 Published: 29 Jan 2018 ABSTRACT Tipu Sultan had strongly resisted the British colonialism and never submitted himself to the paramount of foreign powers. Tipu had displayed sound martial qualities and brought about structural and operational changes in military administration. Tipu endeavored likewise to create a disciplined army in the European manner, recruiting mercenaries of diverse origins. Tipu Sultan continued his determined resistance to British colonialism and equipped his army with modern arms and ammunitions during 1797-1798. The real strength of Tipu’s fire-arms was his rockets and missiles, which had created a lot of fear psychosis in the enemy’s camp. Tipu had developed modern ship building industry and built a good number of ships by using the local resources. Tipu had achieved remarkable progress in building a modern army, manufacturing modern weapons and giving economic development priority among other forward-looking measures. Tipu was far ahead of other Indian rulers in the development of strong and stable defense system against European colonial forces.
    [Show full text]