Na-Ijlende Gevolgen Steenkolenwinning Zuid-Limburg
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Na-ijlende gevolgen steenkolenwinning Zuid-Limburg Final report on the results of the working groups 5.2.4 - groundwater quality 5.2.5 - groundwater quantity by Projectgroup "Na-ijlende gevolgen van de steenkolenwinning in Zuid-Limburg" (projectgroup GS-ZL) on behalf of Ministerie van Economische Zaken - The Netherlands Aachen (D), Deventer (NL), 31. August 2016 (Rev. a: 02. December 2016) This report consists of 131 pages, 5 appendices and 1 plan. Y:\Daten\projekt\SODM\Bericht\WG_524_525\Rev_a\WG_524_525_Final_report_v13_Rev_a_V2.docx Na-ijlende gevolgen steenkolenwinning Zuid-Limburg WG 5.2.4 - groundwater quality and WG 5.2.5 - groundwater quantity - Final report This report is edited by Ingenieursbureau Witteveen+Bos Van Twickelostraat 2 7400 AE Deventer The Netherlands Telephone: +31 (570) 697911 E-mail: [email protected] Authors: ir. Jaap H. Spaans Dipl.-Geol. Nancy Sevriens-Visser Drs. Arie Biesheuvel Ingenieurbüro ahu AG Kirberichshofer Weg 6 52066 Aachen Germany Telephone: +49 (241) 900011-0 E-mail: [email protected] Author: Dr. Michael Denneborg Ingenieurbüro Heitfeld Schetelig GmbH Jean-Bremen-Straße 1-3 52080 Aachen Germany Telephone: +49 (241) 70516 -0 E-mail: [email protected] Authors: Dr.-Ing. Michael Heitfeld Dr. Peter Rosner with contributions by Van Rooijen Adviezen Grubenweg 20A 6343 CC Klimmen The Netherlands Telephone: +31 (45) 4053257 E-mail: [email protected] Author: Dr. Pieter van Rooijen Na-ijlende gevolgen steenkolenwinning Zuid-Limburg WG 5.2.4 - groundwater quality and WG 5.2.5 - groundwater quantity - Final report page I Contents 1 Objectives ............................................................................................... 1 2 Methodology ........................................................................................... 4 2.1 Introduction............................................................................................... 4 2.2 Problem statement ................................................................................... 6 2.3 Risk assessment ...................................................................................... 7 2.3.1 General approach ..................................................................................... 7 2.3.2 Determination potential wetting ................................................................ 8 2.3.3 Determination potential change of groundwater quality ............................ 9 2.3.4 Bow-Tie-Analysis .................................................................................... 10 3 Hydrogeological system of the basement .......................................... 11 3.1 Introduction............................................................................................. 11 3.2 Hydrogeological structure of the basement ............................................ 13 3.3 Top Carboniferous (TC) ......................................................................... 16 3.3.1 Database ................................................................................................ 16 3.3.2 Structure and covering strata ................................................................. 19 3.4 Hydraulic situation in the mining areas ................................................... 20 3.4.1 Hydraulic connections between mine workings in South Limburg .......... 25 3.4.2 Hydraulic connections between German and Dutch mines .................... 27 3.4.3 Hydraulic connections between Dutch and Belgian mines ..................... 28 3.5 Hydrochemical characteristics of the mine water ................................... 28 3.6 Hydraulic system in the operation period ............................................... 30 3.7 Mine water level rise until the present day ............................................. 32 3.8 Present mine water flow system ............................................................. 36 4 Hydrogeological system of the overburden ....................................... 38 4.1 Hydrogeological structure of the overburden .......................................... 38 4.1.1 Aachen and Vaals formation .................................................................. 39 4.1.2 Maastricht/Houthem formation ............................................................... 41 4.1.3 Tongeren/Rupel and Breda formation .................................................... 42 4.2 Discussion differences REGIS-II v2.1 and REGIS-II v2.2 ...................... 42 Na-ijlende gevolgen steenkolenwinning Zuid-Limburg WG 5.2.4 - groundwater quality and WG 5.2.5 - groundwater quantity - Final report page II 4.3 Groundwater levels in the overburden .................................................... 45 4.3.1 Phreatic groundwater and 1st aquifer ..................................................... 45 4.3.2 Second aquifer ....................................................................................... 46 4.3.3 Development of groundwater levels ....................................................... 46 4.3.4 Groundwater extractions ........................................................................ 51 4.3.5 Development of groundwater quality ...................................................... 52 5 Hypothesis ............................................................................................ 54 5.1 Groundwater flow 2015 .......................................................................... 54 5.2 The future steady-state situation ............................................................ 56 5.3 Land use and protection of drinking water extractions ........................... 57 5.3.1 Land use ................................................................................................ 58 5.3.2 Nature .................................................................................................... 58 5.3.3 Protection zones drinking water and industrial extractions ..................... 60 6 Groundwater model ............................................................................. 61 6.1 Description ............................................................................................. 61 6.2 Model structure ....................................................................................... 61 6.3 Elaboration of the groundwater model .................................................... 64 6.4 Modelling scenarios ................................................................................ 67 6.4.1 Present state/Reference scenario .......................................................... 69 6.4.2 Final state ............................................................................................... 70 7 Assessment of the impact potential ................................................... 77 7.1 Introduction............................................................................................. 77 7.2 Potential Impact Areas ........................................................................... 77 7.2.1 Wetting ................................................................................................... 77 7.2.2 Groundwater quality ............................................................................... 80 7.3 Potential impacts on groundwater quality ............................................... 83 7.3.1 Approach ................................................................................................ 83 7.3.2 Analysis of possible effects on groundwater quality ............................... 85 7.3.3 Water balance analysis of effect on groundwater quality ....................... 88 7.3.4 Transport model analysis of effect on groundwater quality .................... 90 7.3.5 Hydrogeochemical simulations ............................................................... 92 Na-ijlende gevolgen steenkolenwinning Zuid-Limburg WG 5.2.4 - groundwater quality and WG 5.2.5 - groundwater quantity - Final report page III 7.3.6 Three dimensional chloride transport simulation .................................. 105 8 Discussion .......................................................................................... 106 8.1 Verification............................................................................................ 106 8.2 Plausibility of the parameters and assumptions made ......................... 110 8.2.1 The conductivity of the Carboniferous .................................................. 111 8.2.2 Boundary conditions at the river Maas ................................................. 112 8.2.3 Model structure ..................................................................................... 112 8.2.4 Accuracy............................................................................................... 113 9 Bow-Tie-Analysis ............................................................................... 115 9.1 Top Event: Change quality of deep groundwater (WG 5.2.4) ............... 115 9.1.1 Threats, Consequences ....................................................................... 115 9.1.2 Prevention Controls .............................................................................. 116 9.1.3 Recovery Controls ................................................................................ 117 9.2 Top Event: wetting of stream valleys (WG 5.2.5) ................................. 118 9.2.1 Threats, Consequences ....................................................................... 118 9.2.2 Prevention Controls .............................................................................. 118 9.2.3