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A Framework for Short Tweak Tweakable Block Cipher
Elastic-Tweak: A Framework for Short Tweak Tweakable Block Cipher Avik Chakraborti1, Nilanjan Datta2, Ashwin Jha2, Cuauhtemoc Mancillas Lopez3, Mridul Nandi2, Yu Sasaki1 1 NTT Secure Platform Laboratories, Japan 2 Indian Statistical Institute, Kolkata, India 3 Computer Science Department, CINVESTAV-IPN, Mexico [email protected], nilanjan isi [email protected], [email protected], [email protected], [email protected], [email protected] Abstract. Tweakable block cipher (TBC), a stronger notion than stan- dard block ciphers, has wide-scale applications in symmetric-key schemes. At a high level, it provides flexibility in design and (possibly) better security bounds. In multi-keyed applications, a TBC with short tweak values can be used to replace multiple keys. However, the existing TBC construction frameworks, including TWEAKEY and XEX, are designed for general purpose tweak sizes. Specifically, they are not optimized for short tweaks, which might render them inefficient for certain resource constrained applications. So a dedicated paradigm to construct short- tweak TBCs (tBC) is highly desirable. In this paper, we present a ded- icated framework, called the Elastic-Tweak framework (ET in short), to convert any reasonably secure SPN block cipher into a secure tBC. We apply the ET framework on GIFT and AES to construct efficient tBCs, named TweGIFT and TweAES. We present hardware and software results to show that the performance overheads for these tBCs are minimal. We perform comprehensive security analysis and observe that TweGIFT and TweAES provide sufficient security without any increase in the number of block cipher rounds when compared to GIFT and AES. -
L2/20-246 Teeth and Bellies: a Proposed Model for Encoding Book Pahlavi
L2/20-246 Teeth and bellies: a proposed model for encoding Book Pahlavi Roozbeh Pournader (WhatsApp) September 7, 2020 Background In Everson 2002, a proposal was made to encode a unified Avestan and Pahlavi script in the Unicode Standard. The proposal went through several iterations, eventually leading to a separate encoding of Avestan as proposed by Everson and Pournader 2007a, in which Pahlavi was considered non-unifiable with Avestan due to its cursive joining property. The non-cursive Inscriptional Pahlavi (Everson and Pournader 2007b) and the cursive Psalter Pahlavi (Everson and Pournader 2011) were later encoded too. But Book Pahlavi, despite several attempts (see the Book Pahlavi Topical Document list at https://unicode.org/L2/ topical/bookpahlavi/), remains unencoded. Everson 2002 is peculiar among earlier proposals by proposing six Pahlavi archigraphemes, including an ear, an elbow, and a belly. I remember from conversations with Michael Everson that he intended these to be used for cases when a scribe was just copying some text without understanding the underlying letters, considering the complexity of the script and the loss of some of its nuances to later scribes. They could also be used when modern scholars wanted to represent a manuscript as written, without needing to over-analyze potentially controversial readings. Meyers 2014 takes such a graphical model to an extreme, trying to encode pieces of the writing system, most of which have some correspondence to letters, but with occasional partial letters (e.g. PARTIAL SHIN and FINAL SADHE-PARTIAL PE). Unfortunately, their proposal rejects joining properties for Book Pahlavi and insists that “[t]he joining behaviour of the final stems of the characters in Book Pahlavi is more similar to cursive variants of Latin than to Arabic”. -
A Study on Economic Dimensions of India and China
A Study on Economic Dimensions of India and China Sunil Kumar Das Bendi Modern Institute of Technology and Management, Bhubaneswar E-mail: [email protected] Tushar Kanta Pany HOD, School of Commerce, Ravenshaw University, Cuttack E-mail: [email protected] Abstract India and China are the two emerging economies of the world. They are the two most populous countries in the world who together account for more than a third of the world’s total population. A descriptive research study has been carried out for investigating the Gross Domestic Product of India and China in nominal and purchasing power parity basis. It also compares per capita gross domestic product and GDP growth rate of India and China. It also investigates the trends in the value of Chinese Yuan Renminbi (CNY) with Indian Rupee (INR). This paper also exhibits the market share in Foreign Direct Investment in Asia Pacific region in 2015. The dramatic rise not only enabled socio- economic upsurge of India and China but it also reshaped the regional and global trade trends. India replaced China as leading recipient of capital investment in Asia-Pacific with announced FDI of $63bn, as well as an 8 per cent increase in project numbers to 697. India faced various structural bottlenecks including delays in project approval, ill-targeted subsidies, a low manufacturing base and low agricultural productivity, difficulty in land acquisition, weak transportation and power networks, strict labour regulations and skill mismatches. Keywords : Foreign Direct Investment, Gross Domestic Product 1.0 Introduction Indo-China relations refer to international relations in 1978, China’s economic growth performance has been between the People’s Republic of China (PRC) and the truly dramatic. -
SZ 31082018 Tuija Komi Kopie
30. August 2018, 22:16 Uhr München Sing, sing, sing "Es war niemand dafür: nur ich", sagt die gebürtige Finnin Tuija Komi über ihren Entschluss, mit 37 Jahren den Job als IT-Projektmanagerin an den Nagel zu hängen und als Jazzsängerin ihr Geld zu verdienen. Mittlerweile hat sie ihr eigenes Quartett und fünf CDs aufgenommen. Von Franziska Gerlach Tuija Komi muss nicht lange überlegen, wie sich die Entscheidung für den Gesang angefühlt hat: Es waren nur noch wenige Tage bis Weihnachten, damals, im Jahr 2005, die Dunkelheit sank schon früh am Abend über die Münchner Straßen. Die gebürtige Finnin lag im Bett, äußerlich war sie ruhig, doch in ihr tobte der Kampf zwischen Gefühl und Vernunft. Bleib da, das ist ein sicherer Job, bleib da, habe der Kopf ihr geraten. Doch der Bauch, der wollte eben etwas anderes, ein Leben auf der Bühne. Noch immer spricht die Frau, die da mit einer türkisfarbenen Blume im hellblonden Haar auf der Veranda der Seidlvilla vor einem sitzt, von "einer Fügung", die sie zum Gesang gebracht hat. (Foto: Robert Haas) Am Ende gewann der Bauch dieses Kräfte verschlingende Hin und Her, gegen die Bedenken von Freunden und Kollegen. "Es war niemand dafür, nur ich." Doch das reichte: Komi, heute 50 Jahre alt, macht sich damals als Jazzsängerin selbständig, manchmal arbeitet sie auch als Sprecherin für finnische Hörbücher oder E-Learning- Programme, moderiert Musik- und Kulturfestivals oder gibt Workshops an der Münchner Volkshochschule. In ihren früheren Beruf als Projektmanagerin in der IT eines großen Münchner Unternehmens aber sollte sie nie wieder zurückkehren. Noch immer spricht die Frau, die da mit einer türkisfarbenen Blume im hellblonden Haar auf der Veranda der Seidlvilla vor einem sitzt, von "einer Fügung", die sie zum Gesang gebracht hat. -
The Case of Robert Gober = Der Fall Robert Gober
The case of Robert Gober = Der Fall Robert Gober Autor(en): Liebmann, Lisa / Nansen Objekttyp: Article Zeitschrift: Parkett : the Parkett series with contemporary artists = Die Parkett- Reihe mit Gegenwartskünstlern Band (Jahr): - (1989) Heft 21: Collaboration Alex Katz PDF erstellt am: 27.09.2021 Persistenter Link: http://doi.org/10.5169/seals-680389 Nutzungsbedingungen Die ETH-Bibliothek ist Anbieterin der digitalisierten Zeitschriften. Sie besitzt keine Urheberrechte an den Inhalten der Zeitschriften. Die Rechte liegen in der Regel bei den Herausgebern. Die auf der Plattform e-periodica veröffentlichten Dokumente stehen für nicht-kommerzielle Zwecke in Lehre und Forschung sowie für die private Nutzung frei zur Verfügung. Einzelne Dateien oder Ausdrucke aus diesem Angebot können zusammen mit diesen Nutzungsbedingungen und den korrekten Herkunftsbezeichnungen weitergegeben werden. Das Veröffentlichen von Bildern in Print- und Online-Publikationen ist nur mit vorheriger Genehmigung der Rechteinhaber erlaubt. Die systematische Speicherung von Teilen des elektronischen Angebots auf anderen Servern bedarf ebenfalls des schriftlichen Einverständnisses der Rechteinhaber. Haftungsausschluss Alle Angaben erfolgen ohne Gewähr für Vollständigkeit oder Richtigkeit. Es wird keine Haftung übernommen für Schäden durch die Verwendung von Informationen aus diesem Online-Angebot oder durch das Fehlen von Informationen. Dies gilt auch für Inhalte Dritter, die über dieses Angebot zugänglich sind. Ein Dienst der ETH-Bibliothek ETH Zürich, Rämistrasse 101, 8092 Zürich, Schweiz, www.library.ethz.ch http://www.e-periodica.ch L/Sd T/.EÄAMAGV THE BOBESZ GOBER, ZWZZTZED (7M/R OES/AOLS',)/OHNE TITEL (ZWEI BECKEN), 1985, PZASTBR, WOOD, R7RZZA7Z/, SPEEZ, SSM/- CASE OF GZOSS RAMMBZ PA/AIP, 2 P/SCSS/ GIPS, HOLZ, MASCHENDRAHT, STAHL, SEIDENGLANZ-EMAILFARBE, 2-TEILIG, OKERAZZ/ ZUSAMMEN: 50x 54*27 "/ 76 x213 x 68 cm. -
Tu; ?F/75 a Zerctctme Detector for Nuclear
TU; ?F/75 A ZERCTCTME DETECTOR FOR NUCLEAR FRAO1ENTS US I! IG CHANNEL FLECTRnN MULTIPLIER PLATES Bo Sundqvist Tanden Accelerator Laboratory, Uppsala, Sweden •Hr '.vACT: . *-. literature on zerotime detectors which use the emission of ". ocndary electrons from a thin foil is reviewed. The construction • a zerotiine detector using multiplication of the secondary •,'2Ctrons with two Mallard channel electron multiplier-plates (CEMP) •.' tandem is described. Results of tests of such a detector with a particles from a natural a source are given. Tstal time resolutions of about 200 ps (FVHM) with a Si(Sb) detector as the stop detector has been achieved. The contribution from the zerotiine detector is estimated to be less than 150 ps (FVJW). The application of this detector technique to the construction of a heavy-ion spectrometer o and a Be detector is discussed. This work was supported by the 9wedish Atomic Research Council CONTENTS 1 INTRODUCTION 3 2 A REVIEW OF THE LITERATURE ON ZEROTIME DETECTORS USING 5 THIN ELECTRON EMITTING FOILS 3 THE CHANNEL ELECTRON HiLTTPLTER PLATE (CEHP), AND ITS 8 USE IN ZEROTIME DETECTORS i* THE CONSTRUCTION OF A ZEROTIME DETECTOR USING CEMP 10 MULTIPLICATION OF SECONDARY EMITTED ELECTRONS FROM A THEN FOIL 5 TESTS OF THE SEEZT-DETECTOF. AND DISCUSSION OF RESULTS lu 6 FUTURE APPLICATIONS OF THIS DETECTOR TECHNIQUE 17 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 19 REFERENCES 20 TABLE CAPTIONS 22 TÄBIZS 23 FIGURE CAPTIONS 25 FIGURES 25 1 INTRODUCTION The interest has recently been growing rapidly in the corrlex nuclear reactions in which the ingoing particles induce neny different reactions. To be able to study a particular reaction the fragments produced must be identified, i e the ness (M) the nuclear charge (Z) and the energy (E) of the different fragRjents have to be determined. -
5892 Cisco Category: Standards Track August 2010 ISSN: 2070-1721
Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF) P. Faltstrom, Ed. Request for Comments: 5892 Cisco Category: Standards Track August 2010 ISSN: 2070-1721 The Unicode Code Points and Internationalized Domain Names for Applications (IDNA) Abstract This document specifies rules for deciding whether a code point, considered in isolation or in context, is a candidate for inclusion in an Internationalized Domain Name (IDN). It is part of the specification of Internationalizing Domain Names in Applications 2008 (IDNA2008). Status of This Memo This is an Internet Standards Track document. This document is a product of the Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF). It represents the consensus of the IETF community. It has received public review and has been approved for publication by the Internet Engineering Steering Group (IESG). Further information on Internet Standards is available in Section 2 of RFC 5741. Information about the current status of this document, any errata, and how to provide feedback on it may be obtained at http://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc5892. Copyright Notice Copyright (c) 2010 IETF Trust and the persons identified as the document authors. All rights reserved. This document is subject to BCP 78 and the IETF Trust's Legal Provisions Relating to IETF Documents (http://trustee.ietf.org/license-info) in effect on the date of publication of this document. Please review these documents carefully, as they describe your rights and restrictions with respect to this document. Code Components extracted from this document must include Simplified BSD License text as described in Section 4.e of the Trust Legal Provisions and are provided without warranty as described in the Simplified BSD License. -
Supplemental Punctuation Range: 2E00–2E7F
Supplemental Punctuation Range: 2E00–2E7F This file contains an excerpt from the character code tables and list of character names for The Unicode Standard, Version 14.0 This file may be changed at any time without notice to reflect errata or other updates to the Unicode Standard. See https://www.unicode.org/errata/ for an up-to-date list of errata. See https://www.unicode.org/charts/ for access to a complete list of the latest character code charts. See https://www.unicode.org/charts/PDF/Unicode-14.0/ for charts showing only the characters added in Unicode 14.0. See https://www.unicode.org/Public/14.0.0/charts/ for a complete archived file of character code charts for Unicode 14.0. Disclaimer These charts are provided as the online reference to the character contents of the Unicode Standard, Version 14.0 but do not provide all the information needed to fully support individual scripts using the Unicode Standard. For a complete understanding of the use of the characters contained in this file, please consult the appropriate sections of The Unicode Standard, Version 14.0, online at https://www.unicode.org/versions/Unicode14.0.0/, as well as Unicode Standard Annexes #9, #11, #14, #15, #24, #29, #31, #34, #38, #41, #42, #44, #45, and #50, the other Unicode Technical Reports and Standards, and the Unicode Character Database, which are available online. See https://www.unicode.org/ucd/ and https://www.unicode.org/reports/ A thorough understanding of the information contained in these additional sources is required for a successful implementation. -
Vocative Lamedh in the Psalter by Mitchell
VOCATIVE LAMEDH IN THE PSALTER BY MITCHELL DAHOOD Rome The various morphemes orthographically represented by the simple letter I in Ugaritic conspire to multiply the problems of the textual critic and the exegete of the Old Testament. Before the Ras Shamra texts emerged from the earth, the Bible translator could fairly assume that every le was a preposition denoting "to" or "for" and go on his way rejoicing. But a perusal of numbers 1337-1340 in the Glossary of C. H. GORDON'S Ugaritic Textbook (Analecta Orienta- lia 38: Roma 1965) reveals that consonantal I might stand for the preposition "to, for, from", or for the negative "no" or "not", with both verbs or substantives. It might also represent the emphatic lamedh, "verily, surely", or the vocative particle "O!". J. AISTLEITNER, Wörterbuch der ugariti.rchen Sprache (Berlin 1963), p. 163, no. 1424, would also distinguish an optative particle, "es m6ge", though he admits that it might not be distinct from the emphatic or corroborative lamedb. Given the close linguistic affinities between biblical Hebrew and Ugaritic, in my opinion a Canaanite dialect of the second millenn- ium B.C., it follows that the Hebraist is now faced with basically the same problems confronting the Ugaritic specialist; when inter- preting the morpheme graphically represented by lamedh, both must weigh four or five possibilities. Of particularly frequent occurrence in the Ugaritic tablets is the vocative lamedh. In the myths it occurs frequently with divine names : lb'l, "0 Baal!", lil, "0 El !", lktr, "0 Kothar!", or with divine appellatives: lrbtajrt, "0 Lady Asherah! ", "0 Virgin Anath!", lrkb "rPt, "0 Mounter of the Clouds!". -
Pageflex Character Entitiesa
Pageflex Character EntitiesA A list of all special character entities recognized by Pageflex products n 1 Pageflex Character Entities The NuDoc composition engine inside Pageflex applications recognizes many special entities beginning with the “&” symbol and end with the “;” symbol. Each represents a particular Unicode character in XML content. For information on entity definitions, look up their Unicode identifiers in The Unicode Standard book. This appendix contains two tables: the first lists character entities by name, the second by Unicode identifier. Character Entities by Entity Name This section lists character entities by entity name. You must precede the entity name by “&” and follow it by “;” for NuDoc to recognize the name (e.g., “á”). Note: Space and break characters do not have visible entity symbols. The entity symbol column for these characters is purposely blank. Entity Entity Name Unicode Unicode Name Symbol aacute 0x00E1 á LATIN SMALL LETTER A WITH ACUTE Aacute 0x00C1 Á LATIN CAPITAL LETTER A WITH ACUTE acirc 0x00E2 â LATIN SMALL LETTER A WITH CIRCUMFLEX Acirc 0x00C2 Â LATIN CAPITAL LETTER A WITH CIRCUMFLEX acute 0x00B4 ´ ACUTE ACCENT aelig 0x00E6 æ LATIN SMALL LIGATURE AE AElig 0x00C6 Æ LATIN CAPITAL LIGATURE AE agrave 0x00E0 à LATIN SMALL LETTER A WITH GRAVE Agrave 0x00C0 À LATIN CAPITAL LETTER A WITH GRAVE ape 0x2248 ALMOST EQUAL TO aring 0x00E5 å LATIN SMALL LETTER A WITH RING ABOVE n 2 Entity Entity Name Unicode Unicode Name Symbol Aring 0x00C5 Å LATIN CAPITAL LETTER A WITH RING ABOVE atilde 0x00E3 ã LATIN SMALL LETTER A WITH TILDE Atilde 0x00C3 Ã LATIN CAPITAL LETTER A WITH TILDE auml 0x00E4 ä LATIN SMALL LETTER A WITH DIERESIS Auml 0x00C4 Ä LATIN CAPITAL LETTER A WITH DIERESIS bangbang 0x203C DOUBLE EXCLAMATION MARK br 0x2028 LINE SEPERATOR (I.E. -
The Unicode Standard, Version 6.3
Currency Symbols Range: 20A0–20CF This file contains an excerpt from the character code tables and list of character names for The Unicode Standard, Version 6.3 This file may be changed at any time without notice to reflect errata or other updates to the Unicode Standard. See http://www.unicode.org/errata/ for an up-to-date list of errata. See http://www.unicode.org/charts/ for access to a complete list of the latest character code charts. See http://www.unicode.org/charts/PDF/Unicode-6.3/ for charts showing only the characters added in Unicode 6.3. See http://www.unicode.org/Public/6.3.0/charts/ for a complete archived file of character code charts for Unicode 6.3. Disclaimer These charts are provided as the online reference to the character contents of the Unicode Standard, Version 6.3 but do not provide all the information needed to fully support individual scripts using the Unicode Standard. For a complete understanding of the use of the characters contained in this file, please consult the appropriate sections of The Unicode Standard, Version 6.3, online at http://www.unicode.org/versions/Unicode6.3.0/, as well as Unicode Standard Annexes #9, #11, #14, #15, #24, #29, #31, #34, #38, #41, #42, #44, and #45, the other Unicode Technical Reports and Standards, and the Unicode Character Database, which are available online. See http://www.unicode.org/ucd/ and http://www.unicode.org/reports/ A thorough understanding of the information contained in these additional sources is required for a successful implementation. -
MUFI Character Recommendation V. 3.0: Alphabetical Order
MUFI character recommendation Characters in the official Unicode Standard and in the Private Use Area for Medieval texts written in the Latin alphabet ⁋ ※ ð ƿ ᵹ ᴆ ※ ¶ ※ Part 1: Alphabetical order ※ Version 3.0 (5 July 2009) ※ Compliant with the Unicode Standard version 5.1 ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ※ Medieval Unicode Font Initiative (MUFI) ※ www.mufi.info ISBN 978-82-8088-402-2 ※ Characters on shaded background belong to the Private Use Area. Please read the introduction p. 11 carefully before using any of these characters. MUFI character recommendation ※ Part 1: alphabetical order version 3.0 p. 2 / 165 Editor Odd Einar Haugen, University of Bergen, Norway. Background Version 1.0 of the MUFI recommendation was published electronically and in hard copy on 8 December 2003. It was the result of an almost two-year-long electronic discussion within the Medieval Unicode Font Initiative (http://www.mufi.info), which was established in July 2001 at the International Medi- eval Congress in Leeds. Version 1.0 contained a total of 828 characters, of which 473 characters were selected from various charts in the official part of the Unicode Standard and 355 were located in the Private Use Area. Version 1.0 of the recommendation is compliant with the Unicode Standard version 4.0. Version 2.0 is a major update, published electronically on 22 December 2006. It contains a few corrections of misprints in version 1.0 and 516 additional char- acters (of which 123 are from charts in the official part of the Unicode Standard and 393 are additions to the Private Use Area).