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STUDIES 53 2019 IN AFRICAN STUDIES IN AFRICAN IN STUDIES AND LANGUAGES CULTURES LANGUAGES AND CULTURES Department of African Languages and Cultures Faculty of Oriental Studies STUDIES IN AFRICAN LANGUAGES AND CULTURES Vol. 53 (2019) Editorial Board Sergio BALDI, Università degli Studi di Napoli STUDIES Iwona KRASKA-SZLENK, University of Warsaw Marcin KRAWCZUK, University of Warsaw IN AFRICAN Rudolf LEGER, J.W. Goethe Univeristät Frankfurt am Main Helma PASCH, Univeristät zu Köln Stanisław PIŁASZEWICZ, University of Warsaw LANGUAGES Alena RETTOVÁ, School of Oriental and African Studies, London Hanna RUBINKOWSKA-ANIOŁ, University of Warsaw AND CULTURES Beata WÓJTOWICZ, University of Warsaw Vol. 53 (2019) Advisory Board/ External Reviewers Felix K. AMEKA, University of Leiden Matthias BRENZINGER, University of Cape Town Katrin BROMBER, Zentrum Moderner Orient, Berlin Janusz DANECKI, University of Warsaw Zygmunt FRAJZYNGIER, University of Colorado, Boulder Marek PAWEŁCZAK, University of Warsaw Robert PIĘTEK, Siedlce University of Natural Sciences and Humanities Eugeniusz RZEWUSKI, University of Warsaw Hafizu Miko YAKASAI, Bayero University, Kano Izabela WILL, University of Warsaw Jerzy ZDANOWSKI, Andrzej Frycz Modrzewski Krakow University University of Warsaw 2019 Department of African Languages and Cultures Faculty of Oriental Studies STUDIES IN AFRICAN LANGUAGES AND CULTURES Vol. 53 (2019) University of Warsaw 2019 Department of African Languages and Cultures Faculty of Oriental Studies Chief Editor Nina PAWLAK, University of Warsaw Editorial Secretary Patryk Zając University of Warsaw Department of African Languages and Cultures Krakowskie Przedmieście 26/28. PL 00-927 Warsaw. POLAND E-mail: [email protected] Cover design Anna Gogolewska English language Editor Michał Zagrodzki ISSN 2545-2134; e-ISSN 2657-4187 © Copyright by University of Warsaw Press 2019 © Copyright by Department of African Languages and Cultures 2019 The entire journal content is freely available on the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Licence. Publication co-financed from the Ministry of Science and Higher Education grant and funds provided by the University of Warsaw authorities On-line version is available at http://www.salc.uw.edu.pl University of Warsaw Press Nowy Świat 4. PL 00-497 Warsaw [email protected] Sales Department: phone (+48 22) 55-31-333 E-mail: [email protected] Internet Bookshop: www.edu.pl Layout Anna Gogolewska Printed by Totem.com.pl Contents FROM THE EDITORS 7 ARTICLES Isa Yusuf CHAMO The use of address forms among faculty academic staff of Bayero University, Kano 9 Magreth J. KIBIKI The pragmatic functions of the marker sawa in spoken Swahili 29 Nataša RASCHI Le camfranglais comme exemple de parler jeune 57 Taiwo EHINENI The ethnopragmatics of Yoruba personal names: Language in the context of culture 69 Marcin KRAWCZUK The image of Muslims and Islam in Christian Ethiopic hagiographies written in Gə‘əz 91 Robert PIĘTEK Christianity and the formation of the ideology of power in Soyo in the 17th century 117 REVIEWS Studia Africana. Papers in Honour of Sergio Baldi (Topics in Interdisciplinary African Studies 46), edited by Gian Claudio Batic & Rudolf Leger. Köln: Rüdiger Köppe Verlag 2017, 169 pp., ISBN 978-3-89645-915-2 (Izabela Will) 135 Language, Literature and Culture in a Multilingual Society. A Festschrift for Abubakar Rasheed. Vol. I-II, edited by O.-M. Ndimele, M. Ahmad & H.M. Yakasai. Linguistic Edition 105-106, Muenchen: Lincom GmbH 2016, 1122 pp. (Patryk Zając) 139 Sergio Baldi, Grammatica di lingua Hausa con esercizi e brani di lettura. Milano: Editore Ulrico Hoepli 2017, 195 pp. (Stanisław Piłaszewicz) 145 FROM THE EDITORS The journal Studies in African Languages and Cultures (until 2017 known as Studies of the Department of African Languages and Cultures) is published annually by the University of Warsaw. The journal is a forum for presentation of the latest research in various fields of African Studies. It promotes studies on African languages, literatures, and cul- tures. Scholars working in these areas are cordially invited to submit the results of their work for publication. Original research based on sources in African languages is recommended. The journal comprises articles, monographs, and reviews, as well as bibliogra- phies, lexicographic studies and other source materials. Some issues are devoted to specialized topics or events. All papers are reviewed according to the Journal’s criteria. The journal is indexed with and included in: • Linguistic Abstracts • Linguistic Bibliography Online • MLA International Bibliography • Index Copernicus International • CEJSH Submission guidelines are available at the Journal’s website www.salc.uw.edu.pl. For further information please write to the Editors at <[email protected]>. The printed version of the journal is distributed through subscription on the basis of exchange with academic centres. Please address the offers of journal ex- change to: University of Warsaw Faculty of Oriental Studies Department of African Languages and Cultures Krakowskie Przedmieście 26/28. PL 00-927 Warsaw. POLAND Studies in African Languages and Cultures Vol. 53, 2019 ISSN 2545-2134; e-ISSN 2657-4187 DOI: https://doi.org/10.32690/SALC53.1 ARTICLES Isa Yusuf Chamo Bayero University, Kano The use of address forms among faculty academic staff of Bayero University, Kano Abstract This paper investigates the use of address forms among the academic staff of the Faculty of Arts and Islamic Studies at the Bayero University, Kano, Nigeria. The aim is to find out whether there is variation in the use of the terms between the members of academic staff of the Faculty which has six Departments (Arabic, English, History, Islamic Studies and Sharia, Nigerian Languages, Linguistics and Foreign Languages). An ethnography research method and the Variationist Sociolinguistics Theory are used to collect and analyze the data. Following the findings, three address forms are presented in more detail, namely titles, nicknames, and kinship terms. Special attention is put to the title Malam, which originally referred to a teacher or a person versed in Islamic knowledge, but nowa- days is used more commonly than any other type of address forms. The research shows that age, gender, social status, degree of intimacy, and context of communication deter- mine the use of the address forms among academic staff. The findings reveal that the staff members of the Faculty favor traditional address terms which are used in Hausa society rather than the terms corresponding to their professional rank. In addition, these address forms are culture specific and the dominant culture is Hausa. Keywords: address form, title, nickname, kinship term, Hausa, Bayero University, Kano 10 Isa Yusuf Chamo 1. Introduction Address forms or terms of address are linguistic forms used in addressing others to attract their attention or to refer to them in the course of a conversation. Address forms are a social phenomenon. They are significant for effective and successful communication and have long been considered a very salient indica- tor of the status of relationships. Because of a series of social factors, address forms vary in different situations (Yang 2010). Learning how people address one another in a certain language is an important issue in studying communication and hence establishing social relationships between individuals. Linguistic scholars consider the study of address terms a fruitful field for sociolinguistics due to the fact that it shows how interpersonal relationships can be socially and strategically constructed (Fitch 1991, Morford 1997). Scholars define the address forms based on the theoretical background they adopt and the direction of research they conduct, but their definitions are similar. For instance Fitch (1991: 255) states that “Personal address terms are a ubiquitous feature that reflects a universal communicative activity: speakers addressing and referring to each other”. Oyetade (1995: 515) asserts that “address forms are words or expressions used to designate the person being talked to while talk is in progress”. Keevallik (1999: 125) writes that “address forms are a sensitive means of expressing social relations between interlocutors”. Carl (2000: 12) defines address forms as “a communicative activity in which speakers address or refer to each other”. Afful (2006a) maintains that “terms of address constitute an important part of verbal behavior through which the behavior, norms and practices of a society can be identified”. Sociolinguists generally agree that the usage of address terms is governed by the rules stating which forms are used in which circumstances. Parkinson (1985: 225) emphasizes that “Knowledge of the proper use of terms of address [and reference] is (…) as important to the overall success of communication as knowledge of the conjugation of verbs would be”. This paper investigates the use of address forms among the academic staff of the Faculty of Arts and Islamic Studies at the Bayero University, Kano, i.e. the way individual speakers or groups of speakers use the repertory of the address variants available to them. The Uni- versity setting is multilingual. It comprises people from different ethnic groups in Nigeria and beyond. Also people at the Faculty are of great cultural diversity. The paper’s main hypothesis is that social position, intimacy, age and gender determine the form of address used by academic staff in the Faculty. It is also examined to what extent the main sociolinguistic assumption
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  • Hybrid Juvenile Discourse in Cameroon Roland Kießling 0

    Hybrid Juvenile Discourse in Cameroon Roland Kießling 0

    Hybrid juvenile discourse in Cameroon Roland Kießling 0 Introduction Camfranglais1, a highly hybrid sociolect of the urban youth type (Kießling and Mous 2004) in Cameroon‘s big cities Yaoundé and Douala, serves its adolescent speakers as an icon of ʻresistance identity‘. They consciously create and transform this sociolect of theirs by manipulating lexical items from various Cameroonian and European sources, in an effort to mark off their identity as a new social group, the modern Cameroonian urban youth, in opposition to established groups such as the older generation, the rural population and the Cameroonian elites who have subscribed to the norms of ʻla francophonie‘. The present contribution explores the strategies employed in the process of lexical manipulation and goes beyond Kießling 2005 in that it looks into the ambivalent nature of Camfranglais as an ʻantilanguage‘ (Halliday 1978) which reflects a provocative attitude of its speakers and their jocular disrespect of linguistic norms and purity on the one side and the way it grows in the media to become an icon of an emerging new identity of modern juvenile Cameroonian urbanity. In many multilingual and multiethnic states of Africa which have an exoglossic language policy of a long standing, such as Cameroon, linguistic hybridity of this kind is a recipe to overcome the feeling of deprivation and alienation, transcend ethnicity and linguistic fragmentation and overcome exclusion and authoritarianism by appropriating and vernacularising elitarian ex-colonial languages such as French and English while at the same time de-stigmatising vehicular languages such as Pidgin English. In this context, hybridity is a key to linguistically empower the majority of the population for communicative participation and to realise sustainable economic and technological development and democratisation.