There Are No Entries for Dona Beatriz Kimpa Vita, Kongo, and Saint Anthony As They Are Referred to Throughout the Book

Cambridge University Press 978-0-521-59370-0 - The Kongolese Saint Anthony: Dona Beatriz Kimpa Vita and the Antonian Movement, 1684–1706 John K. Thornton Index More information

Index

Note: 'There are no entries for Dona Beatriz Kimpa Vita, Kongo, and Saint Anthony as they are referred to throughout the book. All Kikongo names are treated as additional first names, e.g., Pedro Mpanzu a Mvemba is listed under Pedro. Kongolese with European-style surnames are alpha• betized under their surnames, e.g., Ana Afonso de Leao is under Leao, Ana Afonso de, except the Princes of Soyo who are indexed under their first names, like kings.

Afonso, Marquis of Mpemba, 41, Amador da Silva, Prince of Soyo, 42,49 197 Afonso I Mvemba a Nzinga, King, ancestors, see religion, Kongo 33-4, 38, 46, 48, 51, 62, 78, Andre I, King, 20 81, 114, 191-3 Angola, Portuguese colony, 17-18, Monso II, King, 24 27, 37, 44, 66, 88, 100, 101, Agua Rosada, kanda, 40, 78 102, 104 Alexio, Duke of Mbamba, 25, 26, Anna Galley, slave ship, 208 37, 38, 41, 42, 49 Antigua, 207 All Saints' Day, see Christianity Antonianism, Beatriz' teaching, 116- Alvaro, local commander for Pedro 18,119-23,132-4,138-9,160- Constantinho da Silva, 189 2,166 Alvaro, nephew of Ana Afonso de Saint Anthony statues, 148-50 Leao, Marquis of Mpemba, Ant6nio (Jer6nimo), Beatriz' infant 49,77,198 son, 168, 178, 180-2 Alvaro II, King, 62 Ant6nio I, King, 43, 69, 78, 120, Alvaro V Mpanzu a Nimi, King, 38 194 Alvaro VI, King, 38-9 Ant6nio II Baretto da Silva, Prince Alvaro VII, King, 51 of Soyo, 10, 21 Alvaro VIII, King, 49, 59 Ant6nio III Baretto da Silva de Alvaro X Afonso Agua Rosada Castro, Prince of Soyo, 50, Nimi a Mvemba, King, 20, 95, 103-4, 146, 150, 156 23, 24, 25, 26, 36, 37, 38, 69, Ant6nio Etona, village head, Ma• 70 somo, 208

221

© in this web service Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org Cambridge University Press 978-0-521-59370-0 - The Kongolese Saint Anthony: Dona Beatriz Kimpa Vita and the Antonian Movement, 1684–1706 John K. Thornton Index More information

222 Index

Apollonia Mafuta (Old Simeon), Caribbean (and West Indies), 102, 108, 109, 110, Ill, 112, 118, 103, 207 131, 157, 168, 169, 171, 173, Castro, Miguel de, Royal secretary, 174 28, 47, 48, 64, 65, 66, 68, 70, architecture, 14-15, 16,61,67,93 77, 78, 118, 119, 120, 122, archives, Kongo, 68 123, 124 Atri, Fr. Marcellino d', 3, 5, 6, 30, Catholic Church, see Christianity 44, 60, 61, 62, 63, 64, 65, 66, Christ, see Jesus 68, 69, 70, 71, 72, 73, 74, 80, Christianity, 17, 28-33, 35, 55, 56, 85, 86, 87, 88, 89, 95, 174, 181 81, 102, 104, 108-9, 114, 116- 27,157,158 Bahelele Ndimansa, 4 catechisDl, 28-g Bahia, Brazil, 206 disputes over precedence, 60-3, baptisDl,17, 148, 149-50, 152-4, 175 64--6 Barbados, 209 Easter, 30 Barbot, JaDles, 103-4 Guardian Angel, 55, 158, 166, Barletta, Fr. Giovanni Maria da, 168 162-3 Halloween, 30-1 Barro, Joao, Beatriz' Guardian An• images, 148-50 gel, Saint John, 166, 167, 168- prayers, 80 9, 174, 176, 178, 180, 183, 185 sacraDlents, 27, 116-17, 148-50, BatsikaDla, R., 7 153 Bernardo, interpreter for the Capu• Saints and Saints' Days, 30-1, chins, 65 32, 33-5, 67, 71, 73, 77, 91, Bernardo, principal judge (vuzi a 108, 112, 113, 120-1, 124, 157, nkanu), 87, 92, 174, 180, 182, 160-1 183 CleDlente, Grand Duke of Wandu, BethleheDl, 113 50,99 Bockie, Simon, 4 clothing, 16 Boka, Mpetelo, 4 CODlDlon people Bonga, Province (Marquisate), 25, agriculture, 15-16, 138 40 ideology, 138-g Brazil, 90, 101, 204, 206, 207, 211 standard of living, 137-8 bride wealth, 82 village and village life, 15, 92-3, Bristol, 208 138-g Bula, 10, 20, 22, 37, 40, 41, 47, 49, Concert of Kongo 60,68,78,92, 123, 134, 136, 1696: 36-40, 42, 52, 59, 64, 75 137, 147, 200 1700: 76-79, 85, 86, 91, 94, 95, 105 Cahenda, Portuguese post, 100 Constantinho da Silva, Pedro ("Ki- Caltanisetta, Fr. Luca da, 3, 5, 40, bengali), 25, 26, 37, 38, 41, 41, 53, 59, 73, 75, 79, 87, 89, 49, 59, 68, 69, 75, 76, 77, 85, 90,91 91, 92 , 94, 95, 96, 99, 105, Capuchins (Italian Dlissionaries), 2, 106, 108, 109, 139, 140, 141, 10, 27, 59, 62-4, 65--6, 69, 71, 142, 143, 144, 145, 146, 148, 74, 81, 91, 106, 110, 112, 113, 154, 156, 163, 165, 166, 187- 129, 157 95, 198, 199, 204

Index 223

Cruz Barbosa, Manuel da (major• 144, 145, 146, 164, 170, 171, domo), 85, 90, 92, 106, 134, 172, 173, 174, 176, 177, 178, 141, 142, 144, 145, 163, 170, 179, 183, 184, 194, 199 171, 172, 175 Gando a Suka, village, 25, 26, 36, Curacao, 207 37 Cuvelier, Msgr. Jean, 4, 8 Garcia II, King, 24, 38-9, 46, 63, 78 Garcia III, King, 20, 68, 6g Dadie, Bernard, 7 Garcia IV Nkanga a Mvemba, Daniel, Marquis of Mpemba, 41, 95 King, 202, 203 Daniel, son of King Daniel I, 194 Garcia Makunga, Marquis of Daniel, I, King, 79, 194 VVembo,49,50,59 Dembos, region, 3 Grew, Captain Joseph, 208 Devil, 124, 129, 174, 177, 189 Guntersteyn, slave ship, 207 Diogo, local commander for Pedro Constantinho da Silva, 188-9 Hail Mary, prayer, 80, 105, 114, Diogo I, King, 136 140,156 Domingos, Duke of Nsundi, 143 Haitain Revolution, 2 Dutch traders, ships, etc., 101, 102, Halloween, 30-1 103, 116, 135, 206, 207 Harney, Captain Thomas, 208-g healing, 132-3 Easter, 30 Heaven, 30, 121, 142, 159, 166, 167, Elena, sister of Joao II, 41, 60, 78, 169 79 Henrique, Bishop of Utica (Kongo), Elizabeth Hannah, slave ship, 207, 62 208 Hereford, Captain, 207, 208 English traders, merchants, ships, Hipp6lita (Maria Hipp6lita), wife 101, 102, 103, 135, 206-10 of Pedro IV, 91, 109, 146, Europeans, as racial category, 26, 170, 187, 195, 200 27, 113, 160-1 Holy Congregation for the Propa• Evululu, royal camp, 165, 16g, 170, gation of the Faith (Propa• 173, 174, 178, 181, 185, 186, ganda Fide), 63 195,199 housing, see architecture excommunication (also kumioko), 67, 73, 193, 195 llaria, widow of King Ant6nio I, Ferreira, Fr. Gaspar, secular priest, 194 60,61,66 Ines, ruler of Mbwela, 88 Florida, 211, 212-13 Inkisi River, 37, 51, 52, go, 100 French traders, ships, etc., 101, 102- Innocent XI, Pope, 68 3, 135, 207,209 Inquisition, Holy Office of the, 171 Fu-kiau Bunseki, 4 Isabella, sister of Pedro IV, 87 juma, clayey stone, 160 Ita, village in Nseto, 148 Funta, Province (Marquisate), 151 Jagas, 23, 137 Gallo, Fr. Bernardo da, 3, 5, 95, Jamaica, 208, 209 106, 107, 109, 111, 113, 118- James River, 210 29, 131, 134, 140, 141, 143, Janzen, John, 5

224 Index

Jer6nimo de Almeida da Silva, Kinlaza,kanda, 24,37, 38,39, 40, Prince of Soyo, 201 49, 50, 59, 78, 79, 140, 155, Jesuits, 211 159, 162, 163, 168, 194, 201, Jesus (Christ), 105, 108, 112, 113, 202, 203 114, 121, 134, 160, 161, 184, Kinshasa, 64 190 Kiondo, Province (Marquisate), 150 Joanna Magtelt, slave ship, 207 Kionza,Province, 196 Joao I Nzinga a Nkuwu, King, 45, Kiova,Province,196,200,201 86, 127 Kiova kia Nza, Province, 79 Joao Manuel II Nzuzi a Ntamba, kiteke (statue with special powers), King, 19, 21, 22, 24, 36, 37, 56 38, 40, 44, 49, 60, 68, 78, 79, Kitombo,village, 196, 197 135-7, 140,200,202, 204,207 kitome (religious minister), 12, 87 Joseph, slave ship, 208 Kongo dia Nlaza (the "Seven Kingdoms"), 51, 52 Kabinda, 101, 103, 204, 207, 208, kumloko, see excommunication 209 Kwango River, 210 Kake, Ibrahima, 7 Kakongo, 101 Lago Negro, Fr. Salvatore da, 72 Kanda, mountain range, 13, 14 Laman, Karl, 4 kanda (lineage), 19, 37, 122 Leao, Ana Afonso de, Queen, 24, kanga (to tie or to save), 133-4, 213 25, 26, 36, 37, 38, 40, 41, 42, Kibangu, Mount, and territory, 10, 44, 49, 50, 52, 59, 64, 75, 76, 12, 13, 19, 22, 26, 27, 28, 31, 77, 85, 95, 96, 102, 140, 148, 34, 39, 45, 48, 49, 50, 59, 60, 162, 168, 170, 184, 195, 198, 61, 67, 68, 69, 70, 72, 74, 75, 203 76, 77, So, 81, 85, 90, 94, 107, Leao, Ant6nio de, Mpanzu Kiv- 108, 110, 111, 112, 113, 118, angi, Marquis of Wembo, 49, 123, 125, 131, 134, 135, 136, 59,77 140, 145, 146, 161, 173, 181, Lefunde River, 51, 59 200 Lemba, capital of Bula, 40, 135, Kibenga, see Constantinho da Silva, 136,202 Pedro Lemba Society, 102 Kikongo language, 4, 5, 8-9, 17, 19, lineage (kanda), 19, 37, 122 28 Little Anthonys, 142, 143, 144, 146, Kimpanzu, kanda, 38, 39, 40, 51, 78, 147, 148, 149, 150, 151, 152, 79, 94, 95, 106, 140, 143, 146, 153, 154, 158, 162, 166, 190, 148, 154, 156, 159, 162, 163, 193 171, 185, 187, 194, 196, 200, see also names of saints 201, 203, 212 Loango,port,3~207 Kimpasi Society, 56-8, 59, 72, 73, see also Viii merchants 74, 102, 110, 158 Lozi River, 154 Kindezi,94 Luanda, 68, 69, 159, 170, 171,204 kindoki (religious power), 42-4, 54- Lucca, Fr. Lorenzo da, 3, 5,149-55, 6, 71, 74, 75, 86, 88, 89, 90, 170, 174, 176, 177,"178, 179, 108, 109, 111, 112, 116, 138-9, ISo, 181, 182, 185, 188, 1~3, 148, 188, 192, 206, 214 194, 201-2, 204-6 Kinkanga a Mvika, kanda, 38, 39 Lufu River, 135

Index 225

Lukunga River, 24, 50, 99 mbumba kindonga, ceremony, 55 Lunda Empire, 210 Mbumbe, Province (~arquisate), Lusunzi, deity, 12, 55, 77, 85, 86, 44 92, 108, 117, 161, 180 mbungu (ritual cup), 164 Luvota, 39, 51, 79, 95, 96, 147, 171, Mbwela, country, 88, 90, 100 201, 203, 213 Mbwila, Battle of, 43, 66, 7B ~endes, Pedro, 3 ~acGaffey, VVyatt,5 ~endon~a, Luis de, 17, 23, 45, 46 ~afuta, see Apollonia ~afuta ~enezes Nkanka ~akaya, Fran- ~akoko, 37 cisco de, 43 malafu, wine, 16 ~erolla (da Sorrento), Fr. Giro• ~alemba, 37, 101, 135, 207, 209 lamo, 21, 79 ~anga, Province (~arquisate), 92, ~finda a Nkongo (the Forest of 202 the Hunter), 200, 201 ~anuel, cousin of Alexio, Duke of Wguel, local leader, 72 Mbamba,25 Wguel, ~arquis of Nkusu, 75 ~anuel Afonso Nzinga Elenke, Wguel Kilau, Duke of Mbata, 52- King, 20, 21, 25, 26, 36, 39, 3, 85, 99, 145 Wguel Ngoma ~pasi, Duke of 41, 44, 68, 69 ~anuel ~akasa (~anuelll), Mbata, 53, 85, 99, 145 brother of Pedro Constan• military affairs tinho da Silva, King of organization of, 23, 34-5 Kongo, 201, 202 wars, 19, 20-1, 22-4, 95-8 marriage, 82-5 weapons, 22,23,34 ~olinos, ~iguel, ~aryland, 209 theologian, 115 ~asomo,village, 208 money, 83, 159 ~atamba, Kingdom, 184 ~ontserrat, 207 ~atari, Province (~arquisate), 202 ~pangu, Province (~arquisate), ~ayenga, village in Nseto, 155 40, 52, 80, 145 Mbamba, Province (Duchy) and ~pemba, Province (~arquisate), mbanza of, 24, 25, 26, 40, 42, 24, 41, 50, 95, 162 44, 50, 75, 77, 94, 95, 96, 100, Mpinda, port, 101 101, 102, 146, 147, 148, 155, Mpozo River, 135 159, 162, 195, 196, 198, 202, mpu (hat or crown), 65,66, 126, 205, 207, 212 ISo Mbambalelo, village, 59 Mufulenge River, 68, 92 Mbanza Kongo, see sao Salvador ~u1umbi, 144, 145, 156, 163, 165 Mbata, Province (Duchy), 52, 75, ~unck, Joseph de, 8 So, 84, 90, 99, 102, 145 mwamba (stew), 15 Mbidizi River (and its valley), 11, ~wana Kongo, noble status, 19, 12, 13, 19,20,21,24,25,39, 24,37 41, 42, 44, 45, 50, 51, 53, 77, 92, 94, 95, 97, 99, 104, 105, naming practices, 18 107, 108, 109, 118, 123, 128, Nazareth, 113 134, 151, 160, 162, 168, 189, Ndamba, Province, 90 195, 202, 203 ndoki (witch), see kindoki mbongo za Zongo (bride wealth), 82 Ne Kiangala, 52 Mbuli, 92, 134 Ne Lukeni, 47, 77

226 Index

Nevis, 207 Nzimba Mpangi, Marquis, 114 nfundi (staple food), 15, 184-5 nzimbu, see money Ngando, Province, 40 Nzonzo,37 nganga, priestly office, 53--8, 70, 84, 87, 124 Order of Christ, 46, 64 Ngobela, Kingdom, 37, 64 Ngoyo, 37, 101, 103, 135 Paiva, Fr. Francesco da, Capuchin Ngwela, village, 196 prefect, 69, 76, 79, So, 86 Njinga, Queen (Ana de Sousa) of Paulo da Silva, Prince of Soyo, 197 Ndongo-Matamba, 184 Paulo Generoso da Silva e Castro, nkisi (objects of Christian devo• Prince of Soyo, 197, 198, tion), 108, 148 200-1 nkita (spirit), 12, 26, 55, 57, 117 Pedro, nephew of Pedro Constan• Nkondo, Province (Marquisate), 24, tinho da Silva, 190 25, 39, 40, 49, 50, 75, 95, 100, Pedro II Afonso Nkanga a Mvika, 162, 163, 170, 189, 202, 203 King,38 Nkusu, Province (Marquisate), 27, Pedro III, King, 22, 40, 79 37, 40, 59, 68, 69, 70, 71, 75, Pedro IV Afonso Agua Rosada 76,89,170 Nusamu a Mvemba, King, 3, nleke (church slave, literally child), 26, 36, 37, 38, 44, 45, 48, 49, 66 50, 52, 53, 59, 65, 66, 67, 68, nobility, 19 70, 75, 76, 77, 78, 80, 81, 85, N6brega, Manuel de Vuzi a 91, 93, 99, 100, 102, 105, 106, Nkenge, 79, 94, 95, 96, 97, 98, 108, 109, 118, 125-9, 131-2, 100, t06, 148, 194, 195, 201, 136, 137, 139, 140, 141, 144, 202, 207 145, 148, 156, 160, 163, 164, N6brega, Suzanne de, 39, 51, 94, 165, 169-70, 172, 178-80, 181, 146, 147, 148, 163, 203 182, 184-6, 188, 194, 195, 198, Nossa Senhora do Cabo, slave ship, 199-202,205,209 205 Pedro Mpanzu a Mvemba, 44, 75 Nsaku Lau, kanda, 52 Pereira Bravo, Francisco, Portu• nsanda tree, 12, 160, 161, 174 guese merchant, 90, 100 Antonian crown made from, Petronilla, sister of Pedro Constan• 160, 174, 190 tinho da Silva, 91 nsanga (military dance and re• Pope (Vicar of Christ, Holy Fa- view), 34, 47, 80 ther), 6B-9, 121, 126 Nseto, Province, to, 123, 147, 148, Port York, 209 149, 150, 151, 163 Portugal, 62 Nsuku, 189 Portuguese language, 19, 28, 36 Nsukulu, village in Nseto, 148 Potencia, mother of Joao II, 41, 79 Nsulu, Province (Marquisate), 100, Protestants, 102, 103, 116 155 Nsundi, Province (Duchy), 40, 51, Rafael Nzinga a Mvemba, half• 52,60,68, So, 114, 143, 144, brother of King Pedro IV, 145, 146, 148 195, 200 Ntinu Lukeni, 47, 77 religion, Kongo, 12, 30-1, 53--8 Nzambi a Mpungu (God), 115 see also Christianity

Index 227

Robredo, Fr Manuel, secular priest Silva, da,kanda, 39, 95 (later Capuchin), 133 slave trade, 2, 29, go, 99-104, 205- Rodrigues, Manuel, secular priest, 11 60 slaves, slavery, 2, 16--17, 19, 99- Rosa, Juan de, 88, 89 100, 204-5 Rosenburgh, slave ship, 207 South Carolina, 2, 207, 209, 211, 212 sacred stone, see Lusunzi South Sea Company, 208 Saint Anthony, little Anthony in Soyo, Province (Principality), 10, Nseto, 148 21, 25, 27, 39, 50, 66, 79, 94, Saint Domingue or Haiti, 210 96, 98, 101, 103, 104, 106, Saint Isabel, Little Anthony in 123, 146, 147, 148, 149, 150, Nseto, 148 151, 195--6,200, 204,208,209 Saint John, Little Anthony in Spanish Indies, 208, 211 Nseto, 148 Stono Rebellion, 2, 212-14 Saint Lucy, Little Anthony in Sumpi, Province (Marquisate), 22, Nseto, 148, 154 202 Saint Thomas, Danish West Indies, Surinam, 207 207 Saint Ursula, Little Anthony in Nseto, 148 tadi (small mountain), 97 saints, 27, 41 Tadi dia Nsundu, fortress, 195, Salve Antoniana, 115-18, 126, 133- 200 4, 140, 148, 149, 156, 157 takula, red dye wood, 83, 148, 161 Salve Regina, prayer, 80, 114-15, tanga, clothing, 16 117 Tivoli, Fr. Giovanni Paolo da, 170, Samba, village, 148 174, 189, 194 Santa Maria Maior, Alvaro Afonso tradition, oral and historical, 47-8, de, Duke of Nsundi, 60 77-8, 192-3 Santissirno Sacramento, item of royal regalia, 136-J, 141, 173 Valle das Lagrimas, Pedro, Duke Sao Miguel, church, 46, 193 of Mbamba, 24, 25, 41, 42, Sao Salvador, Mbanza Kongo (cap• 44,50,75,77,94, 95,g6, gS, ital of Kongo), 21, 22, 23, 40, 100, 148, 155, 162, 168, 184, 44, 45--6, 48, 49, 51, 62, 68, 195, 201-2, 205 70, 79, 86, 91, 104, 105, 106, vata (village) and village life, 15,92- 107, 110, 113, 136, 139, 141, 3,138-g 143, 144, 147, 151, 154, 156, Vatican, 62 161, 163, 165, 166-J, 168, 173, Veronica Guterres Ngola Kanini, 177, 187, 189, 190, 191, 194, Queen of Matamba, 184 202,203,204,206,207,209 Vili merchants, 102, 103, 135, 206-J Sebastiao Mvemba a Lukeni, 40 Virgin Mary, 27,105,108,114,117, Sebastyen, Eva, 3 119,120, 157, 160, 184, 187, See of Congo and Angola, 62 190 "Seven Kingdoms," ancient state, Virginia, 207, 209, 210 51,52 Vunda, Province (Marquisate), 114

228 Index

wandu (pea), 15 whites, see Europeans Wandu, Province (County), 50, 99, witchcraft, see kindoki 100 Wembo, Province (Marquisate), 24, 25, 39, 50, 59, 77 Zaire River, 21, 22, 37, 47, 51, 83, West Indies, 103 101, 134,200,208,210